Issues

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1334–1338

Kalyansing B. Patil1, Kalyani N. Moharir2, Bhavesh L. Jangale3, Anil B. Patil4, Ambalal B. Chaudhari5 and Bal Krishna*6

1, 4 Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Jain Valley, Shirsoli Road, Jalgaon - 425 001, Maharashtra, India 2, 6 Jain Tissue Culture Park, Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Takarkheda, Jalgaon - 425 001, Maharashtra, India 3 Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Jain R&D Lab, Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Agri Park, Jain Hills, Shirsoli Road, Jalgaon - 425 001, Maharashtra, India 5 School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari Maharashtra University, Jalgaon - 425 001, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit crop of arid and semi-arid tropics and sub-tropics for its capacity to grow in saline soil and adaptability to drought conditions but more prone to bacterial blight and several other diseases. To establish disease free plantation in new areas, availability of quality planting material in large quantities appeared as major challenge through conventional propagation. Tissue culture laboratory at Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd. Jalgaon has developed an efficient in vitro propagation method for pomegranate. Being a delicate plantlet with unique physiology, acclimatization of pomegranate plantlets is difficult and has a low success rate. Light, temperature, humidity and growing media play an important role in the acclimatization process. Towards this end, an effort was undertaken to standardize a commercial acclimatization process for in vitro propagated pomegranate plants. The tissue culture grown plants were subjected to three different light intensities (L30, 30% light cut off; L45, 45% light cut off and L70, 70% light cut off) and four different media types viz. peat with perlite (M1), peat with 30% added wood fiber (M2), cocopeat (M3) and Soilrite (M4). Average light quantity received in L30, L45 and L70 were 282.71, 155.71 and 81.43 µM/m2/sec respectively. For primary hardening (acclimatization), the plants grown in combination of L45+M2 responded synergistically to high survival rate (79.57%), better plant height, stem girth, leaf area, number of leaves as well as number of nodes. Thus, the present study has provided a path on selection of media, and light intensity for acclimatization of tissue culture grown pomegranate plant for primary hardening process.

Kalyansing B. Patil1, Kalyani N. Moharir2, Bhavesh L. Jangale3, Anil B. Patil4, Ambalal B. Chaudhari5 and Bal Krishna*6 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1339–1344

Manglembi Chanu1, Ankur Pan Saikia2, Prasanta Pratim Bairagi3, Ashish Kar4 and Prasenjit Bhagawati*5

1, 5 Department of Botany, Assam down town University, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati - 781 026, Assam, India 2, 3 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Assam down town University, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati - 781 026, Assam, India 4 The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), North Eastern Regional Centre, Chachal, VIP Road, Hengrabari, Guwahati - 781 036, Assam, India

Abstract

A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem. There are four major types of wetlands: marsh, swamp, bogs and fen. The aquatic macrophytes are large, predominant angiosperms which are observable by the naked eye and are the important components of the aquatic ecosystem. They may be either emergent, submerged, floating-leaved or free-floating. The main objectives to be achieved during the study of these aquatic macrophytes are: to study and identify the diversity of aquatic macrophytes on the basis of their characters, to classify the aquatic macrophytes on the basis of their habitat and to study the problems and issues of the wetlands. The study has been carried out in some selected wetlands of Guwahati city particularly: Borbila Bill in Chandrapur Tehsil and Silsako Beel in Satgaon which have not yet been studied by anybody else. During the present study, 34 aquatic macrophytes belonging to 17 orders, 19 families and 27 genera have been reported. The names, order, family, habitat, life form of the species found have been noted in the present paper. 5 rare aquatic macrophytes are also recorded in this study. These wetlands and its aquatic macrophytes are degrading at a faster rate due to various anthropogenic activities like habitat destruction, disturbance due to fishing, etc.

Manglembi Chanu1, Ankur Pan Saikia2, Prasanta Pratim Bairagi3, Ashish Kar4 and Prasenjit Bhagawati*5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1345–1349

M. Kiruthika*1, A. Victoria2, S. Praveenkumar3, P. Madhumitha4 and P. Praveena5

1-5 Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Musiri - 621 211, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Mononuclear transition metal complexes [Cu(stpy)2](SO4) (1), [Ni(stpy)2](Cl2) (2), and [Mn(CH3tpy)2](ClO4)2 (3) where stpy is the tridentate ligand 4'-(thiophenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and CH3tpy is 4’-methylphenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine have been synthesized. Spectral techniques such as UV-Vis, FT-IR and ESI-MS were employed to characterize the compounds. The compounds showed a broad ligand to metal charge transfer transition in the 338-352 nm range, according to the electronic spectra. DNA cleavage studies have been carried out in Copper and Manganese complexes. Interestingly both the complexes were able to cleave DNA. The antimicrobial exercises of the ligands and their complexes have additionally been done.

M. Kiruthika*1, A. Victoria2, S. Praveenkumar3, P. Madhumitha4 and P. Praveena5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1350–1354

M. Michael Phairong*1, F. Lalnunmawia2, J. Lalbiaknunga3 and David Malsawmtluanga4

1-4 Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Tanhril - 796 004, Mizoram, India

Abstract

Chilli is considered as an excellent source of bioactive compound. Moreover, an average amount of nutrients are found in chilli extract. Besides, chilli content high amount of vitamin C as compared to other spices and vegetables. Qualitative phytochemical screening and total nutritional content of the three Mizo chilli varieties viz; A, B and C was determined. The principle includes preliminary phytochemical screening and total estimation of ash, proteins, carbohydrates and ascorbic acid content. The output of these analyses indicates that sufficient amount of nutrients are present in these indigenous varieties of Capsicum frutescens and nutritional content varies from varieties to variety. Thus, the proposed study will give us information on phytochemical and nutrient application of Mizo chilli plants.

M. Michael Phairong*1, F. Lalnunmawia2, J. Lalbiaknunga3 and David Malsawmtluanga4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1355–1363

Namitha S1, Jagadeesh D2, Sharvani K. A3 and Devaki N. S*4

1, 3 Department of Botany, Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, Mysore - 570 005, Karnataka, India 2, 4 Department of Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Mysore - 570 005, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Mango, a member of Anacardiaceae family is an important commercial fruit consumed all over India. There are about 1000 varieties of mangoes cultivated in India. However, morphological characterization and authentication of wild varieties is far done. In the present study eighteen mango varieties has been chosen from Hanavadi village, Karnataka and eighty-two parameters were employed to study the morphology. Morphology of tree, bark, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruits and seeds were done. The results were subjected to SPSS software for statistical analysis. And the results showed wide variations among the varieties with respect to the parameters employed. Significant variations were seen in varieties namely Cnd, Nar and Ars. This study throws a light for the use of morphological parameters for differentiation of varieties and this can be useful for future germplasm conservation and mango breeding programs where selected morphological parameters are required.

Namitha S1, Jagadeesh D2, Sharvani K. A3 and Devaki N. S*4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1364–1365

Ashu Rani*1 and Harvinder Kaur Sidhu4

1-2 Department of Zoology, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi, Gobindgarh - 147 301, Punjab, India

Abstract

The present study was conducted to analyze heavy metals content in the agricultural soil of the Bathinda (Punjab). Due to the modern farming practices, issue of soil contamination due to heavy metals, creates a problem in the ecosystem. Fossil fuel, fertilizers and pesticides are the main sources to enhance the content of heavy metals in the ecosystem. According to the above result, heavy metals viz. Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni and Cr were detected in the collected agricultural soil samples. Among all the samples, concentration of Zinc was higher than the detection limit. Higher concentrations of heavy metals cause cancer, brain damage, dysfunction of kidney, blockages of nerves, headache, irritation of the eye, skin allergy, reproductive disorders etc. it also put an impact on agricultural soil. It decreases the yield and growth of plants. Mostly plants and trees absorb contaminants from soil and pass them into the food chain. Hence, these types of researches and studies are useful to determine the concentration of metals as well as estimate the heavy metal contamination in agricultural soil, so it is right time to shift from fertilizer farming to organic farming to improve the soil quality as well as quality of crops too.

Ashu Rani*1 and Harvinder Kaur Sidhu4 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 07-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1366–1369

A. Auxilia*1, I. Helen Diana2 and K. Suganya3

1-3 P.G. and Research Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Large Cardamom, also known as Amomum subulatum Roxb., is a perennial herbaceous crop that is grown in marshy areas on hillsides near streams of water. Since the beginning of time, it has been a well-known spice that is used to flavour many meals that are native to the Eastern Himalayan region, mainly Nepal, Bhutan, and India. In current investigation to evaluate Phytochemical, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts of Amomum subulatum Roxb. Seeds. the phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract revealed that steroids, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, saponins, oils, amino acid, phytosterols, phenolic, terpenoids are present. Amomum subulatum (Roxb) seed extract were found to possess antioxidant and in-vitro antibiotic activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus aerogenes, Pseudomonas sp. at high doses, in conclusion, this study has shown that Amomum subulatum (Roxb) seed extract contain primary and secondary metabolites that can be pharmacologically useful as well as posses some antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

A. Auxilia*1, I. Helen Diana2 and K. Suganya3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1370–1377

C. Shunmugadevi1 and Anbu Radhika S*2

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, PMT College, Sankarankovil - 627 637, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The use of a natural pesticide obtained from plant-based substances has proven to be an effective alternative to conventional pesticides. Annona squamosa Linn. (Custard apple), a potential medicinal plant, is grown throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including India. In the phytochemical studies, it was found that these extracts contain significant secondary metabolites that contribute to their insecticidal effects. Annona squamosa leaf powders were extracted with various solvents and their phytochemical components were determined qualitatively and quantitatively using GC-MS analysis. Petroleum benzene and ethanol extracts contained the highest concentrations of terpenoids, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and steroids. These extracts also contained biopesticides such as geranylacetone, dihydroactinidiolide, phytol, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, caryophyllene, and ethyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetate. A study was conducted on the biopesticide chemicals extracted from powdered Annona squamosa leaves using different solvents and their effectiveness against cowpea beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus. A higher repellency (48±1.26%) was achieved at a higher concentration (50 mg/ml) of petroleum benzene extract of Annona squamosa after 360 minutes of treatment followed by ethanol extract (47.2±1.49%), water extract (37.6±0.97%), benzene (42.4±0.97%) and chloroform (41.6±0.97%). We measured the levels of toxicity after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours of exposure. After 72 hours, Petroleum benzene caused the highest level of toxicity (LD50 = 16.22 mg/ml) of Callosobruchus maculatus, followed by ethanol (LD50=23.98 mg/ml), water (LD50 = 44.66 mg/ml), Benzene (LD50 = 89.13 mg/ml), and chloroform (LD50 = 102.32 mg/ml. Our results suggested that Annona squamosa phytocompounds are valuable ways of protecting stored grains against Callosobruchus maculatus.

C. Shunmugadevi1 and Anbu Radhika S*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1378–1387

Mohamed Meeran1, Subramanian Arivoli2 and Samuel Tennyson*3

1 Department of Zoology, Hajee Karutha Rowther Howdia College, Uthamapalayam - 625 533, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore - 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Chennai - 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The ground water quality of Tiruchirappalli district was tested at four stations, viz., Jamal Mohamed College Mosque (Station 1), Mannarpuram (Station 2), Trichy Cantonment (Station 3), and Trichy junction (Station 4) from April 2021 to March 2022. Results with regard to the physical parameters, showed all samples were found to be colourless, odourless and tasteless. Water temperature, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids reported values of 26.6, 27.2, 30.5 and 30.0°C; 2720, 1613, 1975 and 2750μS/cm; 1904, 1129, 1383 and 1925mg/L respectively. Turbidity in all stations recorded 1NTU. The chemical parameters represented by pH, and total hardness reported values of 6.8, 6.6, 7.8 and 6.6; 730, 490, 580 and 480mg/L respectively. Total alkalinity was reported nil in all the stations. Nutrients, viz., calcium, magnesium, free ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, fluoride and sulphate reported values of 168, 112, 120 and 180mg/L; 74, 50, 53 and 60mg/L; 0, 0, 0.1 and 0.2mg/L; 50, 50, 2 and 2mg/L; 0, 0, 0.1 and 0.1mg/L; 660, 208, 236 and 640mg/L; 0.3, 0.3, 0.2 and 0.2mg/L; 50, 134, 7 and 7mg/L respectively. Phosphate in all stations recorded 0.1mg/L. With regard to the heavy metals, cadmium, cobalt, copper and iron were not detectable, and chromium, lead, manganese, nickel and strontium reported values of 0.06, 0.12, 0.07, 0.12 and 0.54mg/L respectively in Station 1. Whereas, in Station 2, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel and strontium reported values of 0.07, 0.22, 0.07, 1.26, 1.62, 1.07, 0.20 and 0.66mg/L respectively, and cobalt was not detectable.

Mohamed Meeran1, Subramanian Arivoli2 and Samuel Tennyson*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1388–1395

Govinda Pal1, Thaneswer Patel*2, Huidrom Dayananda Singh3, Madhusudhan Mishra4 and Anubhab Pal5

1-3, 5 Department of Agricultural Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (NERIST), Nirjuli - 791 109, Arunachal Pradesh, India 4 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (NERIST), Nirjuli - 791 109, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Abstract

Agricultural workers are often exposed to high temperatures in the field to do their jobs and they are among the most vulnerable to heat-related illnesses. Heatstroke is a severe case of hyperthermia in which the body temperature significantly increased due to excessive external heat or the physical effort of workers. Heatstroke can potentially be harmful to agricultural workers while working in hot environments. To avert this potentially fatal condition, a Wearable Heatstroke Alert System (WHSAS) was developed with early notification ability to avoid heatstroke while performing various agricultural activities in the field. The WHSAS is a Bluetooth module based android application. The simulation of the system is based on non-invasively real-time data such as body temperature, pulse, ambient temperature and humidity. The device was tested and compared with clinical standards for performance benchmarking. The developed device provides new opportunities to manage heat stress in open fields when agricultural workers are subjected to high temperatures and humidity. If an alarming situation is detected, then the device will activate the alert function to remind the user to act suitably to prevent heatstroke. The device also can be used as a research tool to study physiological responses under various environmental conditions, such as extreme heat, humidity etc., and can be customized to incorporate new sensors to explore other lines of inquiry.

Govinda Pal1, Thaneswer Patel*2, Huidrom Dayananda Singh3, Madhusudhan Mishra4 and Anubhab Pal5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1396–1404

Shaju Reema Thankam*1 and Suba G. A. Manuel2

1 Department of Life Sciences, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Life Science, Mount Carmel College, No. 58, Palace Road, Bangalore - 560 052, Karnataka, India

Abstract

In the current scenario, the change in climatic conditions, excessive use of fertilizers, and lack of enough water in the soil have led to an increase in salt concentrations. This, in turn, has a major effect on seed germination and plant growth thus reducing plant productivity. The use of beneficial microorganisms that help enhance the stress resistance in plants can help in overcoming this situation and improve the growth of plants. Endophytes have the ability to enhance salt tolerance in host plants by enhancing their resistance to stress. Tomato seeds coated with endophytic bacteria were grown in different salt concentrations, and growth parameters which indicate the process of germination were observed. A pot study was also conducted to check the effect of different saline concentrations on the shoot length, root length, total height and total fresh weight of the plants. Seeds coated with endophytic bacteria had more tolerance to high salt concentrations than the control. They were able to withstand the high salinity stress and survive whereas, the seedlings in control wilted and dies within 30 days. There was a difference in weight, shoot length, percentage germinations, formation of lateral roots, true leaves between control and Test.

Shaju Reema Thankam*1 and Suba G. A. Manuel2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1405–1406

Varsha Gaikwad*1 and Rajan More2

1-2 P. G. Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Satara - 415 001, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Zooplankton are the smallest organisms present in any aquatic body. They float, drift or weakly swim in the water. Zooplankton are vital components of freshwater food web and contribute to biological productivity. Zooplankton acts as main sources of food for many fishes and plays an important role in early detection and monitoring the pollution of water. Variation in water quality such as changes in nutrient levels, conductivity, temperature or pH can lead to changes in species composition and abundance. Uttarmand reservoir is a medium irrigation project constructed across the river Uttarmand, a tributary of Krishna River in Patan Tahsil of Satara district in Maharashtra. The present investigation deals with study of zooplankton diversity of Uttarmand reservoir to check the status in the area and provide new insights into its ecology. This information can be utilized during the formulation of management measures to improve the productivity the reservoir.

Varsha Gaikwad*1 and Rajan More2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 14-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1407–1410

Arya Prabha M*1, Rajesh Kumar T2 and Neethu S. Kumar3

1 Post Graduate Department and Research Centre of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 004, Kerala, India 2 NSS College, Manjeri, Malappuram - 676 122, Kerala, India 3 HHMSPBNSS College Neeramankara, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 040, Kerala, India

Abstract

The genus Fibraurea which belongs to the family Menispermaceae consist of three species Fibraurea recia Pierre., Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. and Fibraurea darshani Udayan and Ravikumar and they are mostly found in South East Asia. Among these Fibraurea darshani is a relatively new species reported from Kerala and Karnataka and also it is an endangered plant which is endemic to Western Ghats. The present study deals with the morphological, phytochemical analysis and HPLC profiling of the plant Fibraurea darshani. F. darshani is a dioecious woody climber found mostly in semi evergreen forest. The leaves are coriaceous with truncate base and umbellate racemes inflorescences with short peduncles and pedicels. Preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic and chloroform extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids. Quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that species contained more phenolic compounds followed by alkaloids and terpenoids. The HPLC study showed that methanol leaf extracts contained berberine compounds. This standardization method identifies the compound berberine in F. darshani and helps in characterization and conservation of plant. This justifies the use of these plants as drugs to treat various ailments.

Arya Prabha M*1, Rajesh Kumar T2 and Neethu S. Kumar3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1411–1414

Sunita Hanamant Patil1, Prajakta Yogesh Pachorkar*2, Apurva Patil3, Akanksha Jagtap4, Prajakta Yeole5 and Karishma Indulkar6

1-6 Department of Microbiology, K. R. T. Arts, B. H. Commerce and A. M. Science College, Nashik - 422 002, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

In view of the increasing demand of value-added herbal products, an attempt was made to produce a functional fermented Aloe vera base herbal wine. Aloe vera gel supplemented with sugar found to be a good medium for the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for making the Aloe vera wine. Disease preventing the potential of herbs like Aloe vera, Amla, Ginger, Cranberry, Blueberry have given new dimension to the non-grape wine or fruit wine. Aloe vera, a multifunctional herb, is being increasingly used in beverage applications including wines. Gas chromatography FID analysis reveals presence of alcohol in aloe vera wine. Antimicrobial activity of wine was screened against Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas species and zone of inhibition were found to be 2.7cm and 1.3 -1.4cm respectively.

Sunita Hanamant Patil1, Prajakta Yogesh Pachorkar*2, Apurva Patil3, Akanksha Jagtap4, Prajakta Yeole5 and Karishma Indulkar6 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1415–1422

Ramesh Sowbhagya Savitha1 and Rajkumar H. Garampalli*2

1-2 Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Luffa acutangula is an important vegetable crop in sub-tropical regions of the Asia. Gummy stem blight (GSB) is a major disease of Cucurbitaceae members. Field survey was conducted during 2018- 2019 in crop growing areas of Mysuru and Chamarajanagar districts. Based on morphological and microscopic observation, the fungus inciting GSB disease was identified as Didymella bryoniae which was further confirmed through molecular characterization techniques using ITS-rDNA primers. Based on the sequence data, phylogenetic tree was constructed using nBLAST, and the similarity sequence confirmed the pathogen as D. bryoniae. Sequence was submitted to GenBank with accession number MW990413. Pathogenicity test was performed on 25- days old plants and on detached healthy fruits with mycelial suspension of D. bryoniae. The pathogen was re-isolated from the infected experimental plants for confirmation. In vitro antifungal activity was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of pathogen to different fungicides and botanical extracts by agar well diffusion test at different concentrations. Among the tested fungicides, Aliette and methanol leaf extracts of neem and Ficus was found to be most effective in inhibiting growth of the pathogen. This is the first report of GSB caused by D. bryoniae on ridge gourd from this region to our knowledge.

Ramesh Sowbhagya Savitha1 and Rajkumar H. Garampalli*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1423–1432

T. Bastin Baskar*1 and C Elizabeth Rani2

1-2 Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Chennai - 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Nanoparticles have arisen as perhaps the most sought-after materials discovering application in different areas. Synthesis of green nanoparticles has attracted in broad interest worldwide because of its biocompatibility and tremendous potential for usage as catalysts, antimicrobial agents, in energy harvesting, cancer/gene therapy, sensing etc. Inherent properties of nano-materials like specific size, shape, composition, greater surface area to volume ratio and purity of individual constituents makes it an entrancing multifunctional material. Different groups of living organisms (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) and biomolecules are progressively being utilized as bio-template for designing nanoscale materials. Characterization tools, for example, SEM, TEM, AFM, FTIR, XRD, NMR help in disentangling their unique properties. In this review, we summarized the fundamental processes and components of "green" synthesis approaches, particularly for metal and metal oxide [e.g., gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper oxide (CuO), and zinc oxide (ZnO)] nanoparticles utilizing normal concentrates. Critically, we investigated the role of biological components, essential phytochemicals (e.g., flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, amides, and aldehydes) as reducing agents and solvent systems. The stability/toxicity of nanoparticles and the related surface designing procedures for accomplishing biocompatibility are likewise examined. At long last, we covered utilizations of such integrated items to ecological remediation as far as antimicrobial activity, catalytic activity, removal of pollutants dyes, and heavy metal ion sensing.

T. Bastin Baskar*1 and C Elizabeth Rani2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 19-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1433–1434

E. Viswanathan*1 and E. Thirumal2

1-2 Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Physics, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Nanocrystalline NixMn100-x alloy samples were synthesized by borohydride reduction technique. Structural studies reveal that as-prepared Ni and Ni-Mn particles are poorly crystalline, annealing leads to fcc formation with highly crystalline state. It was found that increase in Manganese content improve the thermal stability of alloy powders. Magnetic properties of Ni76Mn24 alloy particles were studied for as-prepared and annealed samples. The saturation magnetization and Curie transition of annealed N76Mn24 alloy are 20emu/g and 627 K respectively.

E. Viswanathan*1 and E. Thirumal2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 19-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1435–1440

Sangeetha Manickam1, Anandaraj Balaiah2 and Rajan Susyambu*3

1-3 P.G. and Research Department of Microbiology, M. R. Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Mannargudi - 614 001, Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The metal nanoparticles obtained from medicinal plants showed its bio-efficiency as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer activities. It is biosynthesized using eco-friendly and non-toxic method that fascinates the researchers around the world as an important biodeficient component. In this study pathogens were isolated from urine samples collected from UTI cases and identified as Escherichia fergusonii and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and all the organisms were resistant to multiple drugs. Stereospermum chelonoides leaves and flowers were collected from Thyagaraja Swamy Temple in Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India and extracted using water as aqueous extract. This aqueous extract was submitted for zinc nanoparticle synthesis. Nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The antibacterial activity was examined by agar well diffusion method. In this study we have identified that the Zinc nanoparticles showed the potent anti-microbial activity. Similarly, nanoparticles of this plants provide good evidence for this plant extracts as an effective anti-inflammatory agent. Flavonoid based compounds could be responsible for all types of bio efficiency of this plants and its nanoparticles.

Sangeetha Manickam1, Anandaraj Balaiah2 and Rajan Susyambu*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1441–1443

B. Annai Jenifer*1 and V. Manimekalai2

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Botany, Sri Parasakthi College for Women (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Courtallam - 627 802, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The present investigation was aimed to study the anatomical features and localize important compounds in Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.– Ham.) Oken. belonging to the family Flacourtiaceae. It is commonly called as marrotti. Hydnocarpus pentandra is a medicinal tree and most widely distributed species in moist deciduous and semi evergreen forest of Western Ghats India. It is grown upto 850m in height. The seeds yield Hydnocarpus or Chaulmoogra oil. The oil used in leprosy. Seed oil is anti- inflammatory, alternative, tonic, used as local application in rheumatism, sprains. This paper will highlight the histochemical studies of Hydnocarpus pentandra. Microscopic studies revealed the presence of unicellular trichomes, calcium oxalate crystals, polyphenalic cells. Histochemical localization of polyphenols and solitary calcium oxalate crystals was carried out using Toludine blue O and safranin. Anatomical and histochemical studies revealed the distribution of various tissue components in the stem, leaf and petiole and important chemicals such as polyphenols were localized. Further research of H. pentandra is necessary for elucidating the active principles and their mode of action.

B. Annai Jenifer*1 and V. Manimekalai2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 20-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1444–1448

Nagarajan M1, Amzad Basha Kolar2, Arumugam M*3 and Mohamed Rafi K4

1, 3 Department of Botany, J. J. College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Pudukkottai - 622 422, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Botany, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai - 600 014, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappali - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappali - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The phytochemical, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the extracts of Chloroxylon swietenia leaves were investigated. Initially preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, phenols, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, alkaloids anthroquinones and coumarins. The GC-MS analysis of the methanolic leaf extract of C. swieteni revealed the presence of 21 phytoconstituents. Using disc diffusion method, various extracts waere examined for their ability against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and amoxicilin was used as standard control. At a greater concentration of 100 mg/mL, the extracts exhibited considerable antibacterial and antioxidant activity.

Nagarajan M1, Amzad Basha Kolar2, Arumugam M*3 and Mohamed Rafi K4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1449–1453

Hezinglila Grace*1, V. Mathivanan2, Kevizano Jacinta Zashumo3 and D. Leelavathi4

1, 3-4 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for women, Chennai - 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India 2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Dr. Ambedkar Government Arts College, Vysarpadi, Chennai - 600 039, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The present study incorporated plant derived compound to intervene the effect caused by SARS-CoV-2 protein using in silico techniques. Luteolin (Lut) is a significant flavonoid generated from plants that is found in a variety of edible herbs and vegetables possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neurotrophic activities. In this study, the bioactivity of Luteolin derived from vegetable is studied using advanced Cheminformatics tools. Next, the SARS-CoV-2 protein sequence is retrieved and applied to an automated docking server in order to identify the molecular interaction between SARS-CoV-2 protein sequence and Luteolin. The results obtained from docking showed good affinity between Luteolin and SARS-CoV-2 protein sequence. All the results obtained were analyzed in 3D form using 3D visualization tools. In conclusion, the molecular dynamic studies clearly revealed that the identified compound Luteolin is a potential inhibitor for the selected target protein sequence of SARS-CoV-2.

Hezinglila Grace*1, V. Mathivanan2, Kevizano Jacinta Zashumo3 and D. Leelavathi4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1454–1464

Bidyut Sahu1, Sayan Mandal2 and Basudev Mandal*3

1-3 Department of Fishery Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore - 721 102, West Bengal, India

Abstract

To clarify the area's fertility as a new fishery ground, an intra-seasonal study on phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish availability was conducted in the Bay of Bengal. In three different locations in the Bay of Bengal, the composition, abundance, and distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton were to be ascertained as part of this study. Petuaghat, Junput, and Sankarpur are points A, B, and C respectively. All samples were obtained from these three distinct locations using oblique towing and a hand-net with a mesh size of 20 m. 16 species from 3 families make up the phytoplankton ecosystem that is now in existence. The most prevalent phytoplankton in this area is Chlorophyta, followed by Bacillariophyta, while Cyanophyta is the least accessible. Euglena sp. and Volvox sp. are widely distributed in Chlorophyta. The 18 species that make up the zooplankton population. When it came to both the number of species and their abundance, Copepoda dominated the landscape. Copepods, protozoan zooplankton, arrow worms, larvaceans, cnidarians, ostracods, and liaceans were also widely distributed groups in these areas. According to the fish diversity survey, there are primarily 25 species of fish in this area that are significant for commerce. In all sampling points, fish are more readily available in the winter and during the monsoon. Additionally, compared to the winter season, the summer season has the lowest fish diversity. Harpodon nehereus exhibits the highest percentages of fish diversity out of all the sampled species.

Bidyut Sahu1, Sayan Mandal2 and Basudev Mandal*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1465–1472

Sandeep Chand Upadhyay*1, A. B. Bajpai2, Pardip Kumar3 and Pradeep Kumar4

1-2 Department of Botany, D. B. S (P/G) College Dehradun - 248 001, Uttarakhand, India 3 Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut - 250 001, Uttar Pradesh, India 4 Department of Botany, Pt. L. M. S Government (P/G) College (Autonomous College) Rishikesh - 249 201, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

Dye effluents release from textile industry and discharge in to water bodies and create ecological problems as they are more toxic. Filtering of dye from colour polluted water is a critical problem. Biosorption through water hyacinth is an alternative and cost-effective technology for textile dye effluents treatment. In present, Laboratory investigation of the strength of fresh bulk biomass of water hyacinth to remove basic fuchsin dye from aqueous solution were conducted. Parameters studied on the bases of different biomass dosage and different concentration. The Langmuir and freundlich isotherm were found to represent the measured sorption data well. Maximum 30.43% adsorption capacities of water hyacinth for basic fuchsin dye were calculated at 20ppm. In FTIR study, C=N (Very Strong- VS), C=S (Strong- S) and C=C (Very Strong- VS) play important role in adsorption process. Water hyacinth biomass could represent a cost-effective biosorbent and cheap source for Biosorption of basic fuchsin dye.

Sandeep Chand Upadhyay*1, A. B. Bajpai2, Pardip Kumar3 and Pradeep Kumar4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1473–1476

Sakale S. S.*1

1 Department of Microbiology, Netaji Subhashchandra Bose College, Nanded - 431 604, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Wastewater discharges from various industries including electroplating are responsible for increasing toxic heavy metals in the water bodies. These heavy metals which also contain nickel one of the pollutants of water and soil around contaminated sites. Nickel removal from effluent plays an important role in the reduction of environmental pollution. In the present study, twenty-four isolates were screened as nickel-resistant and effects of temperature, pH, incubation period and initial nickel concentration on bio removal efficiency of these isolates were studied. Nickel-resistant isolates were determined for MIC of nickel which was ranging from 400-2000 mg/L. Four isolates TIINi06, TIINi11, TIINi20, and TIINi23 showed higher MIC of nickel i.e., 2000 mg/L. Isolate TIINi06 was able to remove 100 mg/L of nickel completely in 3 days at 40ºC. As heavy metals are non-degradable and toxic to the environment, such heavy metal-resistant microbes can be effective in the development of bioremediation technology.

Sakale S. S.*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 24-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1477–1483

Bharathi D*1 and Ramanibai R2

1 Department of Zoology, Sri Akilandeswari Women’s College, Vandavasi - 604 408, Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campua, Chennai - 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The sampling surveys covered three geographically distinct regions in the urban and suburban zones of Chennai city, The Chetpet pond (Urban Zone), Madhavaram pond (Sub urban) and Chenglepet lake (Suburban). The Canonical Correspondence Analyses (CCA) was performed for each of the three study sites separately. In general zooplankton distribution in lakes is influenced by a number of factors. Among the environmental factors, Temperature and Oxygen content stood first to restrict plankton occurrence. Such an influence in the water chemistry is bound to affect the flora and fauna. The general conclusions that can be inferred as will be seen below also suggest the negative impact of urbanization on the planktonic fauna through a comparison between the Chetpet and Madhavaram ponds on one side with the Chenglepet lake on the other.

Bharathi D*1 and Ramanibai R2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 24-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1484–1487

M. Indira1 and R. Rajakumar*2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Biotechnology, Maruthupandiyar College, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli), Thanjavur - 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The present investigation aimed to found the effect of feather degraded soil on the growth parameters, proximate contents, vitamins and minerals content of Centella asiatica L. (Vallarai). The growth parameters are leaves colour, leaf length, leaf width, number of branches, shoot length (cm) and root length (cm) were recorded. The proximate contents are dry matter, crude fiber, crude protein, ash, crude fat and carbohydrate were analyzed from the Centella asiatica leaves. The Vitamins like A, C and B6 were determined and estimated. The mineral contents were estimated this plant sample such as calcium, magnesium, asiatica leaf was (21.1±0.03mg), MIRR1 (21.9±0.08mg), MIRR2 (22.1±0.11mg) and MIRR3 (22.5±0.84mg) recorded respectively. Furthermore, the proximate, vitamins and minerals were enhanced by feather degraded soil than the untreated soil. So, the present study concluded that the feather compost have potential nitrogen content and also used in the agricultural field.

M. Indira1 and R. Rajakumar*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1488–1491

K. Anbarasu*1 and A. Samidurai2

1-2 Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu), Musiri - 621 211, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The kinetic investigation of oxidative reaction of benzylidene aniline (BA) by benzimidazolium fluorochromate (BIFC) in the medium of 50 % acetic acid. It was catalysed by perchloric acid at 303 K ± 0.2 K. This oxidation reaction is totally exhibiting third order kinetics - first order for BIFC and second order for BA. There is no significant effect of ionic strength on the increment concentration of sodium perchlorate. There is no effect on the addition of acrylonitrile due to absence of free radical mechanism. But, the reasonable retardation in the rate of reaction for the improvement of Mn2+ ion, which indicates the two-electron transfer in this oxidation. From the kinetic detections, the probable mechanism cum suitable rate law is derived.

K. Anbarasu*1 and A. Samidurai2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1492–1497

Gayathri V. R1, Prakash B*2, Yashika J. V3, Sugapriya S4, Mariam Ali5, Maunata Ghorui6, Pratibha T7, Subash Vetri Selvi8 and Sinouvassane Djearamane9

1-3 Department of Biotechnology, Vivekananda College of Arts and Science for Women (Autonomous), Trichengode - 637 205, Tamil Nadu, India 4-7 Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai - 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India 8 Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei - 106, Taiwan, ROC 9 Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar - 31900, Perak, Malaysia

Abstract

Traditionally, banana has been a staple food in India, especially in the southern and eastern parts of India. Furthermore, it is for its diverse usage in food, medicine, religious rituals, and festivals. In this study, we focused on investigating the medicinal potentiality of the Musa acuminata flower (MAF). First, the preliminary screening of MAF phytochemical constituents using the different extracts such as ethanol, acetone, butanol, and ethyl acetate. Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to screen the bioactive compounds of MAF. Secondary, investigating the ability of MAF extracts in antibacterial activity and in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs). From the results obtained, it shows ethanol and acetone gave the best results in extracting the MAF phytochemicals and showed that it has the capability of reducing silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles. While comparing the MAF ethanol and acetone extract with MAF-SNPS ethanol and acetone extract gave promising antibacterial activity results. This portrays the good potential of developing a medicinal drug for various applications.

Gayathri V. R1, Prakash B*2, Yashika J. V3, Sugapriya S4, Mariam Ali5, Maunata Ghorui6, Pratibha T7, Subash Vetri Selvi8 and Sinouvassane Djearamane9 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1498–1505

Shaikh Tehsin M.*1 and Jignaben P. Naik2

1-2 Department of Microbiology and MLT, Shri J. S. Bhakta and Shri K. M. Bhakta Arts, Shri A. N. Shah Science and Shri N. F. Shah Commerce College, Kholwad-Navagam - 394 185, Surat, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Cellulases produced by thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi are usually thermostable and can be applied to industrial processes that occur at high temperature. Considering this, present study was aimed to isolate and identify the thermophilic and thermotolerant cellulase producing fungi from compost and soil samples. For that samples were plated on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA)-Chloramphenicol plate and incubated at 45℃ up to five days. Total twenty-nine fungal strains were isolated belonging to three genera Aspergillus, Rhizomucor and Rhizopus based on their morphological characterization. According to result of thermal stability test performed at two different temperatures of 18 and 45 ℃ from 29 fungal isolates 15 were thermotolerant while 14 were found to be thermophilic in nature. Screening of these isolates for hydrolysis of cellulose was confirmed by formation of clear halo zone surrounding fungal growth on Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) after flooding with grams iodine. All the isolates found positive for cellulase production in which member of genus Rhizomucor shows highest cellulolytic index values (1.51 to 2.32), followed by genus Aspergillus (1.17 to 1.59), and then Rhizopus (1.9). Four morphologically different potential isolates were further identified by ITS sequencing, among these two belongs to Zygomycotina (Rhizomucor pusillus FWC-B, Rhizopus microspores NADEP-W) and other two belong to Ascomycota (Aspergills fumigatus FWC-B, Aspergillus quadrilineatus PC-W).

Shaikh Tehsin M.*1 and Jignaben P. Naik2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1506–1511

B. Suriya Sabarinath1-2, K. Siva Kumar3 and Maghimaa Mathanmohun4

1 School of Agriculture, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Thambaram, Chennai - 600 073 2-3 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Department of Microbiology, Muthayammal College of Arts and Amp; Science, Rasipuram - 637 408, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The enhanced effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AM fungi) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the normal soil of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) grown in pots was explored. Pot experiments were carried out on tomato inoculated with AM fungi (Glomus fasciculatum) and PSB (Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum). Dual inoculation of AM fungi and PSB showed significantly higher variation in plant growth parameters, plant height, number of branches of tomato, number of fruits per plant, fruit volume, and fruit girth, than other treatments. The percentage of mycorrhizal root colonization of plants co-inoculated with AM fungi and PSB was higher than those plants inoculated with AM fungi alone. It is concluded that AM fungi inoculation with PSB application could synergistically increase the yield of tomatoes.

B. Suriya Sabarinath1-2, K. Siva Kumar*3 and Maghimaa Mathanmohun*4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1512–1521

Manjeet*1, Rajesh Kumar2 and Arup Giri3

1, 3 Department of Zoology, Baba Masthnath University, Rohtak - 124 021, Haryana, India 2 Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla - 171 005, Himachal Pradesh, India

Abstract

India is a mega-diversified country, where invertebrates, especially ant species, are not well known. This study reveals ant species diversity, richness, and relative abundance in three habitats of the Green Park area, Hisar, Haryana, a semi-arid region of India, during post-monsoon and winter seasons. Nine ant species were detected, representing seven genera and three subfamilies (Myrmicinae, Formicinae and Dolichoderinae). Myrmicinae was considered as the most dominant subfamily. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H') in the human residential area, grass loan-2, grass loan-1, and horticultural field were 1.62, 1.17, 1.16, and 0.94, respectively, during post-monsoon season. It was 1.43, 1.36, and 1.21 throughout winter season. Simpson Diversity Index (1-D) values in grass loan 1 were found high in post-monsoon (0.72) and winter (2.50) season and low in horticultural field area (0.42) and (0.60) respectively. Margalef's species richness in human residence area (2.77) was slightly more than the horticultural field (2.02), grass loan 2 (1.89), and grass loan 1 (1.33), throughout the post monsoon season. However, the species richness in grass loan 1 (7.71) and grass loan 2 (7.71) was greater than human residence area (7.15) and horticultural field (7.15), in winter. So, this study shows that there are fewer species in the grass loan, and horticulture fields, which might be due to a scarcity of food or pesticide being used more frequently in this area for farming.

Manjeet*1, Rajesh Kumar2 and Arup Giri3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Sep-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1522–1527

Chaitra S1. and T. S. Jagadeesh Kumar*2

1-2 Silkworm Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The silkworms are important domesticated monophagous sericigenous insects used in the production of economically important silk. Being domesticated from several years, the silkworms face many challenges during their rearing practices that further affects the quality of silk derived from them. There are several biotic and abiotic factors that affects the growth and development of the silkworm. Among which the photoperiodic cycle plays a significant role. So far, the photoperiodic treatment on the larval stages were investigated. but limited information was available but the impact of photoperiodic treatment given during egg stage will alter the economic parameters of mulberry silkworm. In the present study we have been analyzed the consequences of photoperiodic treatment of LD 12:12, 14:10 and 16:08 on the economic traits of three different strains of the silkworm viz. APM1, MU303 and PM for about 8 generations. Our results revealed that, the photoperiodic treatment can drastically alter the expression of economic traits in these three different strains of the silkworm. However, the cognate photoperiodic treatment of 16L:08D is ideal regimes in the enhancement of most of the economic characters in the silkworm. Further, APM1 was observed to be most responsive strain for varied photoperiodic treatment at different generation.

Chaitra S1. and T. S. Jagadeesh Kumar*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1528–1535

Sayan Mandal1 and Basudev Mandal*2

1-2 Department of Fishery Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore - 721 102, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the sexual dimorphism, sex ratio, gonadosomatic index, first maturity length, and fecundity of Lepidocephalichthys guntea in the waters of the Kangsabati river. Pectoral fin changes are evident in males of the species, with the seventh and eighth rays of the pectoral fin joining together to produce a thicker ray known as the laminar circuli, which allows for sexual differentiation between males and females of the species. During mating season, females have a pinkish bilobed ovary, while males' testes are white. As a whole, the male to female ratio was 1: 1.61 (M: F). It was calculated that at 50% maturity, the length would be 6.46 centimeters. June is the month with the highest GSI values for both sexes. Females of the genus L. guntea with a mean body weight of 2.01 gm to 9.73 gm had a mean absolute fecundity that varied from 2832.19 ± 40.88 to a high of 9951.28 ± 142.92. The GSI and fecundity results indicated that the months of June and July are optimal for the species' reproductive success. The research results will help grow this species commercially and make it easier to breed it.

Sayan Mandal1 and Basudev Mandal*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1536–1540

G. Sangeetha*1, P. Madhanraj2, V. Ambikapathy3, A. Panneerselvam4, P. Prakash5, A. Kanmani6 and D. Rathna7

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Microbiology, Maruthupandiyar College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Vallam- 613 403, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India 3-4 P.G. and Research Department of Botany, A. V. V. M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India 5-7 Indian Biotrack Research Institute, Thanjavur - 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The present investigation deals with population dynamics of marine soil fungi from Chennai and Thiruvallur district. Marine soils from three different sites along the east coastline of Tamil Nadu were studied for the presence of fungi. Soil plating, dilution plating, soil steaming and boiling methods were adopted to isolate the fungi from saline soils. The soil fungi like Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. candidus, A. fumigatus, Pencillium sp, P. longibrachiatum, P. lanosum, P. citrinum, Fusarium sp, F. solani, Cunninghamella vitricillate, Neurospora sp and N. crassa were recorded from three different places of Marina Sea, Fore shore estate of Chennai district and Pazhaverkadu of Thiruvallur district soil samples were analyzed. Maximum number of colonies (61) from the soil sample were seen in Marina Sea, whereas foreshore estate (42) and Pazhaverkadu (48) had the minimum number of colonies. The soil physicochemical characters like colour, texture, temperature, pH, organic carbon, organic matter, salinity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese and sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium were experimentally carried out from three different places of marine soil sample preformed. The Pearson correlation matrix were applied to the obtained databases and the following parameter showed significant result at (p<0.05%) level. Fungal populations are an important component of soil and perform a variety of roles in activities that are essential to the environmental flow of energy.

G. Sangeetha*1, P. Madhanraj2, V. Ambikapathy3, A. Panneerselvam4, P. Prakash5, A. Kanmani6 and D. Rathna7 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1541–1543

Rachana V. Nair1 and S. Selvakumar*2

1-2 Department of Microbiology, The Kavery Arts and Science College for Women, Salem - 636 453, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Gentamicin is one of the aminoglycoside group of antibiotics, which having more activity against the gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The applications of large amount of gentamicin in food animal production have let to create gentamicin resistance and transmitted to animal and human by food chains. Aim of the present study was determination of gentamicin residues in chicken meat, poultry egg, beef and goat meat samples in and around Salem and Namakkal Districts, Tamil Nadu by high performance liquid chromatography. The cow and goat urine, milk, dung and meat samples were collected from farms, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India. Chicken meat, poultry egg, cow meat, and goat meat samples were collected from market in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India, and extracts the gentamicin from samples then detected by HPLC analysis. The gentamicin residues were found at 9.0 retention time in some collected samples. Most of cow farm samples and goat farm and chicken samples were containing gentamicin residues. The current study result concludes that the cow farm samples, goat farm and poultry manure are contaminated with gentamicin residues. Further, the effective surveillance or monitoring of gentamicin residues should be implemented in food animal production industries.

Rachana V. Nair1 and S. Selvakumar*2

Short communication | Published online : 07-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1544–1547

Piyush Panwar*1 and Manisha Mathur2

1 Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan, India 2 Department of Botany, GD Girls College, Alwar - 301 001, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Thar desert is majorly distributed in Gujarat and Rajasthan, India. The medicinal and phytochemical assay of various rare plant species is not fully known. Many rare plant species were reported in Rajasthan, India. Among them, Fagonia bruguieri DC. is one of the major rare plant species of the Thar desert. Antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, and study of phytochemicals like steroidal sapogenins with bioautography assay are not fully known in Fagonia bruguieri DC. In the present studies, we evaluate antimicrobial activity with various concentrations of isopropyl alcohol crude extract of the plant. Apart from that, different concentrations of methanolic extract of the plant were evaluated for antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity). A preliminary study of steroidal sapogenins with bioautography assay and screening was also done with silica gel base thin layer chromatography. Resulting in the IC 50 value of plant extract is 135.336. Isopropyl alcohol crude extract Is capable to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis, C. albicans P. chrysogeum, and T. rubrum. Four antioxidant compounds were detected on TLC bioautography assay, and the presence of saponin was also detected by thin layer chromatography.

Piyush Panwar*1 and Manisha Mathur2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1548–1553

Channamma S. Gour1, Prakash Kariyajjanavar*2, K. Channabasappa3, Arun Kumar S. L4 and Vidyasagar C. C.5

1-2 Department of Environmental Science, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi - 585 106, Karnataka, India 3 Department of Geology, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, Kalaburagi - 585 367, Karnataka, India 4 Department of Civil Engineering, GM Institute of Technology Davangere - 577 006, Karnataka, India 5 Department of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi - 591 156, Karnataka, India

Abstract

In the current study, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) standards were used to evaluate the water quality index (WQI) of surface water from the Afzalpur taluk to determine the influence on drinking reasons. In the study area, surface water samples were taken during the post-monsoon of 2020 and the pre-monsoon of 2021. Standard techniques were used to evaluate the physico-chemical parameters, which included temperature, pH, EC, BOD, Turbidity (TU), Total hardness (TH), Ca2+, Mg2+, SO-4, Cl-, Pb2+, Cr2+, As3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+. Removing a ranking feature from the CCME WQI index classification scheme resulted in the modification (Frequency). The scope, or the number of variables that do not satisfy water quality standards, and the amplitude, or the degree to which the objectives are not reached, are the two components that make up the Modify Index. The index yields a result between 0 and 100 (best water quality) (worst water quality). Utilizing data gathered from the research region of Afzalpur Taluk, the redesigned index is verified. The original Canadian water quality index and the modified index are contrasted. The results for both indexes during the study period produced a quality class of "Fair," which is equivalent to very good water quality. According to the sensitivity analysis, the modified index model is more accurate than the Canadian index model. The updated index increases the indicator's susceptibility to ecosystem sensitivity because it does not integrate many variables into a single result and can be used to communicate water quality issues to the general public. Created a tiered strategy for the performance of the CCME WQI as a practical means of presenting available physical, organic, and chemical information after successfully testing its application on a few chosen data sets.

Channamma S. Gour1, Prakash Kariyajjanavar*2, K. Channabasappa3, Arun Kumar S. L4 and Vidyasagar C. C.5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1554–1559

Chitra M. C1, M. K. Sajeevan*2 and Abhilash Sashidharan3

1 Faculty of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, India 2 Department of Fishery Resource Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, India 3 Department of Fish Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, India

Abstract

Crested hairtail, Tentoriceps cristatus (Kluzinger, 1884) belonging to the Family Trichiuridae is one among the 15 species reported from the Indian coast. Except Trichiurus lepturus and Lepturacanthus savala other hairtails are not exploited commercially or considered as trash fishes. Present study is the first report of occurrence of crested hairtail along southwest and southeast coast of India. Morphological characters, morphometric measurements and meristic counts of the species were presented. Results of the morphological characters were concurrent with the specimens reported from Red sea, South China Sea and Jeju Island. The proximate composition of crested hairtail revealed richness in protein content (16.43 ± 0.516). The protein evaluation indicated 51% of essential amino acids and 49% of non-essential amino acids. Fatty acid composition recorded 46.15% of Poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), was the dominant one in PUFA, followed by eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) with 32.71%. Lower lipid quality indices of crested hairtail make them a potential food addictive and therapeutic ingredient against cardiovascular diseases.

Chitra M. C1, M. K. Sajeevan*2 and Abhilash Sashidharan3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1560–1565

Swedha A*1, Kanimozhi G2 and Panneerselvam A3

1-3 P. G. and Research Department of Microbiology, A. V. V. M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Poondi, Thanjavur - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Soil plays a vital role in sustaining life on planet. The marine soil bacteria as a source of bioactive compounds. The present study was physical and chemical characteristics of soil from three different marine environment of different places mangrove, saltpan, coastal of Kodiyakarai area in Vedaranyam, Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu. The soil sediments were collected in the season of Pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and summer season. The marine soil sediment were selected for the following boundaries like soil texture, calcium carbonate, Electrical conductivity, Micronutrients like (Zinc, copper, iron, manganese), Macronutrients like (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) were studied. This study deals with the seasonal distribution of bacterial population in relation to the physicochemical parameters of marine soil. Totally 19 species of 12 genera were isolated and identified by using standard manuals. Data of the present study revealed that the total number of bacterial count was significantly correlated with physicochemical parameters of marine soil.

Swedha A*1, Kanimozhi G2 and Panneerselvam A3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1566–1571

Amutha K1, Sagaya Giri R*2 and Boominathan M3

1-3 Department of Botany, Kunthavai Naachiyaar Government Arts College for Women (A) (Affiliation to Bharathidasan University, Trichy), Thanjavur - 07, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The demand for natural dyes in the modern world is increasing day by day in every field. The potentially ruinous effects of some synthetic dyes, there is an increasing demand for natural colorants. Natural dyes find use in the colouring of textiles, drugs, cosmetics, food colouring agents and pharmaceuticals etc., owing to their non- toxic effects. In the present investigation, natural dye was extracted from Tectona grandis L., belongs to the family Verbinaceae. For the extraction of Natural dye water bath method was used. Similarly aqueous used as a solvent. The results revealed that extraction of volatile fraction from T. grandis was maximum exhibited in (480 mg/g) water bath method. The results revealed showed that increasing in pH, exposure to sunlight is able to spoil the dye molecule. Aqueous extract of T. grandis Leaves of Pre, Post and Simultaneous method were used. CuSO4, FeSO4, ZnCL2 used as a chemical Mordant and colour lightness, wash fastness and rubbing properties were also analyzed. The present investigation revealed that the dye extracted from T. grandis is a potential agent for dyeing in cotton fabric.

Amutha K1, Sagaya Giri R*2 and Boominathan M3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1572–1575

Shashilata Pal*1, Shail Bala Singh Baghel2 and Shweta Hingwasiya3

1 Department of Chemistry, Barkatullah University, Bhopal - 462 026, Madhya Pradesh, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Sarojini Naidu Govt. Girls P. G. College Bhopal - 462 016, Madhya Pradesh, India 3 Department of Chemistry, Government P. G. College, Narsinghgarh - 486 002, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Euphorbia neriifolia Linn, a medicinal plant of the Euphorbiaceae family, is very rich in medicinal properties. This paper on Euphorbia neriifolia deals with the Qualitative analysis and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of the extract of Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. The valuable data that was collected during research shows the presence of various phytochemicals like carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, diterpenes, and tannins in plant extracts. Various bioactive compounds are present in medicinal plants that have very important medicinal properties for the health of individuals and communities. These bioactive compounds from plants produce a definite normal biological action on the human body. TLC was carried out using a different solvent system for its polarity. TLC profiling of this plant was carried out using different concentrations of ethyl acetate extracts and showed different Rf values. The results obtained in the present investigation indicate that Euphorbia neriifolia is a rich source of various secondary metabolites. This can be further investigated by the isolation and identification of active biological compounds of medicinal utility in a cost-effective way. Thin layer chromatography studies of Euphorbia neriifolia extract constituted different coloured phytochemical compounds with different Rf values.

Shashilata Pal*1, Shail Bala Singh Baghel2 and Shweta Hingwasiya3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1576–1579

Ekta Singhal*¹ and Archana Singh2

1-2 Department of Botany, M. S. J. P.G. College, Bharatpur - 321 001, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Comparison of peroxidase isozymes among infected seeds and seedlings of sorghum (naturally infected and artificially inoculated to Macrophomina phaseolina) were investigated. During electrophoretic study no significant qualitative difference in isoenzymic patterns were seen in different categories of seeds viz. healthy, naturally infected and artificially inoculated whereas results of seedlings indicated difference in banding pattern and band intensity in healthy, naturally infected and artificially inoculated seedlings. Band intensity was in increasing order from 10th to 30th day i.e., it was highest in samples of 30th day of sowing. Peroxidase isozymes analysis gave only a possibility of defence mechanism against Macrophomina phaseolina by introducing new isozymes of peroxidase.

Ekta Singhal*¹ and Archana Singh2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1580–1586

Gloria Jemmi Christobel R*1, Krishnaveni S2 and Sudha Rameshwari K3

1-3 Department of Biochemistry, V. V. Vanniaperumal College for Women, Virudhunagar - 626 001, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The trend of using natural products has increased and the active plant extracts are frequently screened for new drug discoveries and for the presence of antimicrobials, anticancer agents and antioxidants. In the present study Citrus limon together with Vitis vinifera leaves were selected to evaluate their combined antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Different extractions using water, ethanol, methanol of Citrus limon and Vitis vinifera leaves combination were prepared to assess their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Antimicrobial testing by disc diffusion assay exhibited broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity for ethanol and methanol extracts of C. limon and V. vinifera leaves combination against various Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. E. coli and Pseudomonas sp. were observed to be most sensitive against the ethanol and methanol extracts. The aqueous extract of leaves showed less antimicrobial activity. In-vitro antioxidant potential of ethanol, methanol and aqueous extracts of C. limon and V. vinifera leaves combination using DPPH, FRAP, Phosphomolybdenum assay, Metal chelating assay, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, H₂O₂ scavenging method, showed significant percentage of inhibition in a dose dependent manner with Vitamin C and EDTA as a standard reducing agent. Ethanol and methanol extracts showed pronounced antioxidant activity than aqueous extract which could be attributed to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. It can be concluded that ethanol and methanol extracts of Citrus limon and Vitis vinifera leaves combination have potential antibiotic property against a large number of disease-causing bacteria and against various free radical initiated diseases.

Gloria Jemmi Christobel R*1, Krishnaveni S2 and Sudha Rameshwari K3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1587–1592

Sukanta Majumder*1 and Urmi Mitra2

1 Department of Zoology, Siliguri College, Siliguri - 734 001, West Bengal, India 2 Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata - 700 064, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Cirrhinus mrigala was found to be infected with a new strain of fish pathogenic pseudomonad bacteria, Pseduomonas aeruginosa PKB113 and the change in the tissue architecture as well as the biochemical parameters of both blood and vital organs like liver, kidney have been observed. Among the biochemical parameters protein concentration, the activity of important metabolic enzymes like GOT, GPT, ACP, and ALP concentration have been monitored. The Total protein concentrations have been found to be decreased in tissues and serum of infected fishes whereas all the enzyme activity showed increased value in vital organs and serum of infected fishes.

Sukanta Majumder*1 and Urmi Mitra2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1593–1595

Deepak Kumar Jha*1, Anuradha Kumari2 and Ram Naresh Jha3

1, 3 University Department of Botany, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India 2 University Department of Biotechnology, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India

Abstract

The present paper deals with the occurrence and distribution of three taxa of the genus Spirogyra from different unexplored regions of Supaul district of North Bihar. Out of these, 2 taxa viz. S. pseudomaxima Kadlubowska and S. tolosana COMERE are being recorded for the first time from India, while another one i.e., S. angolensis WELWITSCH is the first record from Bihar.

Deepak Kumar Jha*1, Anuradha Kumari2 and Ram Naresh Jha3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1596–1600

Ravi Kumar*1 and Pushpa M. Savadatti2

1-2 Department of Economic Studies and Planning, Central University of Karnataka, Aland Road, Kadaganchi, Kalaburagi - 585 367, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Maize is a good choice and ranks third among India's foodgrain crops after rice and wheat. It requires less water for production, so it is viable for diversifying agriculture in India's upland areas. Corn ethanol, animal feed, and other maize-derived products like corn starch and corn syrup are made from maize. The United States produces the most maize in the world and has a significant surplus, making it the world's greatest maize exporter. In India, maize is grown all year. India ranks fourth in area and seventh in production among maize-growing countries, accounting for approximately 4% of the global maize area and 2% of the total output. The crop is mostly Kharif, accounting for 85 percent of the cultivated land throughout the harvest season. The paper aims to identify the maize marketing channels available in India, the challenges associated with production losses, and how they can be saved using post-harvest loss management. The paper also describes maize's production loss and marketing solution by adopting various technological measures.

Ravi Kumar*1 and Pushpa M. Savadatti2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1601–1604

Amaega B1 and Rameshkumar S.*2

1-2 Department of Horticulture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) (Crape jasmine) is gaining commercial importance as a loose flower during off-season production. Its ability to produce flowers year-round makes it a commercial flower crop alternative to jasmine. As there is no designated variety released in this crop, the farmers are using locally available plants without knowing the yield potential and quality of flowers. Hence, a field evaluation experiment was carried out in the floriculture unit, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University during 2019-2020 to screen 21 different accessions collected from different parts of Tamil Nadu. The growth and yield parameters of 21 accessions varied significantly. The correlation studies also revealed that all the growth parameters significantly contributed to the dry matter production and yield parameters have contributed to the follower yield. Growth and yield parameters suggest that accession TD 8 (Meenampalli local) as the best accession suitable for loose flower production. Next to this accessions TD 2 (Dharmapuri Local), TD13 (Hosur Local) and TD21 (Krishnagiri Local) were found performing better. The accession TD20 (Hosur Variegated Local) performed least in terms of growth and yield.

Amaega B1 and Rameshkumar S.*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1605–1609

M. Srinivasa Rao1, Yenda Padmini2, Asha Vaggela3 and Gara Raja Rao*4

1,3-4 Department of Geology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam - 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Geosciences, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam - 532 410, India

Abstract

In order to map the landcover / land use changes in the Vinukonda region of the Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India, maximum likelihood supervised classification and post-classification change detection techniques were applied to Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images taken in 2015 and 2021, respectively. supervised classification was carried out on the six reflective bands for the two images individually with the aid of ground truth data. The LULC maps are classified in to seven different categories, i.e., agriculture crop land, agriculture fallow land, barren/waste lands, built-up Land, dense vegetation, shrubs/sparce vegetation, and waterbodies. Using ancillary data, visual interpretation, and expert knowledge of the area through GIS further refined the classification results. Changes among different land cover classes were assessed. Agricultural crop land and built land have caused a very significant shift in the land cover over the study period. In a part of the study region, these changes in land cover caused vegetation to degrade and water logging.

M. Srinivasa Rao1, Yenda Padmini2, Asha Vaggela3 and Gara Raja Rao*4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1610–1620

Santosh Kumar D*1, S. Ramgopal Rao2 and Dwarkesh S. Parihar3

1, 3 Biotechnology R&D Labs, Bioseed Research India, A Division of DCM Shriram Ltd, Agri Innovation Park, ICRISAT, Hyderabad - 500 033, Telangana, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology, Hyderabad - 501 301, Telangana, India

Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based biopesticides are a viable alternative to chemical pesticides. A total of 150 isolates with a Bt index of 0.17 having crystalline inclusions were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis. Here, we report the distribution of lepidopteran-specific cry1 and cry2 genes in native isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis. Twenty-seven isolates showed amplification with cry1 and cry2 universal primers, whereas 123 isolates did not show the presence of any of the cry1 and cry2 genes. The restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the PCR amplicons revealed that all 27 isolates may carry only one variant of the cry1 and cry2 family genes, while multiple fragments were observed in the cry1 type gene of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1. The partial and full-length DNA sequence analysis confirmed that the putative cry genes of twenty-seven Bt isolates and the reference strain matched the known insecticidal crystal protein-encoding genes. Three out of twenty-seven isolates presented nucleotide substitutions, deletions, and insertions in the receptor binding and pore-forming domains of cry1 and cry2 genes. The natural variations found in the receptor-binding and pore-forming domains of the genes isolated in this study may lead to increased insecticidal activity of the cry proteins. The method used in this study to identify and characterize new insecticidal cry genes may prove useful in discovering novel cry genes to overcome insect resistance.

Santosh Kumar D*1, S. Ramgopal Rao2 and Dwarkesh S. Parihar3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1621–1627

D. Srinivas*1 and K. Shailaja2

1-2 Department of Botany, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 007, Telangana

Abstract

The water quality is mainly assessed using traditional water quality techniques that measures chemical parameters against established standard values. The quality of water index is used worldwide for water quality assessment. The main parameters assessed include the total dissolved solids, BOD, COD, Electrical conductivity, Carbonates, Nitrate and Nitrites etc. In this study, the physico-chemical parameters are combined with algal analysis was used to assess the water quality of the Peddacheruvu lake. The Peddacheruvu lake in Rajgopalpet is a fresh water lake located at Latitude 18°09’60”38N, Longitude 78°93’73”93E. It has an average elevation of 675 meters (2215 feet) above the mean sea level. It covers over seven villages of surrounding areas of Rajgopalpet. Physico-chemical parameter studies and algal identification of peddacheruvu Lake, Rajgopalpet, Siddipet district, Telangana State was carried out from the past two years. The physico-chemical characteristics of lake water were studied and evaluated during the period of a year. The algal diversity pattern was more or less uniform throughout the study period in Peddaceruvu lake, indicates oligotrophic nature and it is useful for human utility.

D. Srinivas*1 and K. Shailaja2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 24-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1628–1634

Sajini K. P.1 and C. V. Sreeranjit Kumar*2

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Government Victoria College, University of Calicut Affiliated, Palakkad - 678 001, Kerala, India

Abstract

High temperature is one of the major environmental stresses, which is an important reason for altering the physiological responses such as surplus production of reactive oxygen species and consequent oxidative damage among animals especially in insects. This ROS could stimulate intrinsic as well as extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. The present study envisages appraising the impact of thermal stress on the expression of apoptotic related genes BmApaf-1 and BmDredd and the response of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, GPX, GR, GST) in the silk gland of silkworm. For this study the fifth instar larvae grouped in to control (28±1ºC) and heat exposed group (40±2ºC) and analyzed the expression of BmApaf-1 and BmDredd mRNA by real time PCR using Actin as the internal control. Based on the results we observed a significant 1.7 fold upregulation of BmApaf-1 and 1.5 fold upregulation of BmDredd genes under thermal stress and the antioxidant enzymes showed increased activity against thermal stress to alleviate the consequent oxidative stress.

Sajini K. P.1 and C. V. Sreeranjit Kumar*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1635–1638

Soumi Guhapolley*1 and Tamalika Chowdhury2

1-2 Department of Microbiology, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata - 700 017, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Fresh fruits and vegetables are essential components of a healthy diet. During agricultural production and harvesting, fruits and vegetables can become contaminated with antibiotic-resistant pathogens or commensals from animal and human sources. Plant foods, like fresh salad vegetables, when eaten raw, have been reported to act as vehicle of antibiotic resistant population. World Health organization has launched a Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System or GLASS in 2015 to support global surveillance and research in order to strengthen the evidence base on antimicrobial resistance (AMR).’ Though their initial emphasis was on bacterial pathogens they also emphasized the need of surveillance system for foodborne AMR with time. In this study, we have surveyed the presence of antimicrobial-resistant strains of enteric bacteria in raw vegetables used as salad items like, carrot and cucumber, from two different markets in and around Kolkata. Many multidrug resistant (MDR) strains were detected in these fresh raw vegetable samples. Resistance was detected against streptomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, amikacin, gentamycin and erythromycin. The MDR strains were further characterized to understand the extent of multidrug resistance pattern and the mechanisms by which these strains are exhibiting resistance to multiple drugs.

Soumi Guhapolley*1 and Tamalika Chowdhury2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1639–1643

Arpita Banerjee1,4, Sarbani Ganguly2, Niloy Chatterjee1,3 and Pubali Dhar*1,3

1 Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, University of Calcutta, Alipore, Kolkata - 700 027, West Bengal, India 2 Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Narula Institute of Technology, Agarpara, Kolkata - 700 109, West Bengal, India 3 Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Amp; Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake, Kolkata - 700 098, West Bengal, India 4 School of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda University, Telinipara, Bara Kanthalia - 700 121, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Sesame and linseed are two abundantly grown oil crops around the world. Following extraction of sesame and linseed oil, the respective de-oiled meals are acquired. In this paper, we have analyzed the nutrient composition of de-oiled sesame and linseed meals. The de-oiled meals were found to contain substantial amounts of various nutrients, especially protein and crude fibre. This was followed by evaluation of their anti-oxidant and anti-nutrient. Lastly, this paper includes assessment of their prebiotic property with respect to probiotic bacterial strain― Lactobacillus acidophilus. Both sesame and linseed de-oiled meals were also found to be rich in both polyphenol and flavonoids. The assessment of prebiotic activity scores revealed that de-oiled sesame meal could selectively promote growth of probiotic bacteria, as it possessed a prebiotic activity score comparable to that of commercial inulin, a known prebiotic. These de-oiled meals are generally dispensed as garbage, out of which a small quantity is used to feed animals. The requirement for animal feed is rising and therefore, unconventional sources are replacing the market to fulfil this demand gap. Utilization of de-fatted sesame and linseed meals, owing to their nutritional, anti-oxidative as well as prebiotic properties could be a valuable alternative for feeding animals and fishes.

Arpita Banerjee1,4, Sarbani Ganguly2, Niloy Chatterjee1,3 and Pubali Dhar*1,3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1644–1647

C. Pon Alagammai1 and V. Sakthivel*2

1-2 Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar -608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

In India, mango occupies about 36% of the total area under fruits during the year 2010-11. It comprises of 22.97 lakh hectares, with a total production of 151.88 lakh tonne. Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh are having the largest area under mango each with around 23% of the total area followed by Karnataka, Bihar, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. Fresh mangoes and mango pulp are the important items of Agri-exports from India. India's main export destinations for mango are UAE, Bangladesh, UK, Saudi Arabia, Nepal, Kuwait, USA and other Middle East countries with a limited quantity being shipped to European market. Mango offers good scope for commercial marketing. Knowledge on the recommended technologies of mango cultivation is not properly disseminated. Increased productivity is greatly dependent on available technology and extent of adoption by the farmers. An increase in knowledge on latest technologies can increase the adoption of latest technologies. Keeping this point in mind, this research study was undertaken to analyse the existing knowledge level of mango growers about recommended technologies in mango cultivation. The study was taken up at Dindigul, one of the mango predominant districts in Tamil Nadu State. A sample size of one hundred and twenty mango growers were selected based on proportionate random sampling method. This study revealed that more than half of the mango growers had medium level of knowledge, whereas one-fourth of them had high level of knowledge and less than two- fifth of them had low level of knowledge about the recommended mango technologies, respectively.

C. Pon Alagammai1 and V. Sakthivel*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1648–1657

Bujjibabu Miriyala1, Suresh P2 and Hari Babu Bollikolla*3

1 Department of Environmental Sciences, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur - 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 SCNR Govt. Degree College, Proddatur, YSR Kadapa District - 516 360. Andhra Pradesh, India 3 Department of Chemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur - 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Groundwater is so precious and mostly pure than surface water, and it is utilized for the nourishment of all living organisms. Nearly 80% of rural India's agriculture and village crops depend upon groundwater. Due to contaminated groundwater, the yields of many crops are decreased. The economy of the present study area is mostly dependent upon agriculture. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the groundwater quality and its suitability for irrigation by performing some statistical calculations such as Kelly’s Ratio (KR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), Percent Sodium (%Na), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Ion Exchange as Chloro-Alkaline Indices (CAI-I and CAI- II), Chloride classification and Magnesium ratio. For this study, groundwater samples were collected from chintalagorlavanipalem, pinamadaka, bottavanipalem, jallelapalem, lankelapalem, chinatadi, tanam, and parawada villages of rural Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India during the period of pre-monsoon (April) and post-monsoon (September) seasons of 2021. For this study, the results of pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Magnesium (Mg2+), Calcium (Ca2+), Potassium (K+), Sodium (Na+), Chlorides (Clˉ), Nitrates (NO3), Total alkalinity (TA), Sulphates (SO4-2) were utilized. The results are compared with BIS (IS 10500:2012) drinking water and other designated standards. The result of Kelly’s Ratio (KR), and Permeability Index (PI), showing abnormality in the study area as the study area is the very close proximity to the industrial hub. The dominant hydro chemical facies of groundwater are CaHCO3, mixed CaNaHCO3, mixed Ca–Mg–Cl, and Na–Cl Water Types. Water is not suitable for irrigation at many sampling stations due to the high concentrations of sodium, chloride and other designated parameters, and it needs to be protected from the perils of contamination.

Bujjibabu Miriyala1, Suresh P2 and Hari Babu Bollikolla*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1658–1659

Soumya L*1 and V. Manimekalai2

1-2 P. G. & Research Department of Botany, Sri Parasakthi College for Women (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti), Courtallam - 627 802, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Roxb. is a hardwood tree native to Southeast Asia. They are evergreen polygamous trees, shrubs, and herbs. About 35 species are reported to exist in India, many of which are endemic and economically important with immense medicinal properties. The tree is also grown in homes, mainly for its fruits that are used in food preparation. No serious pests or diseases affected the seeds or seedlings in the nursery. The extreme diversity of floral structure across the genus structures and its taxonomy is contentious. A number of species are important in local medicine, and some are cultivated for their fruit or as ornaments. In Garcinia morphological characteristics are of great importance for helping us to know the way for pollination. The genus Garcinia is represented by about 35 species in India, many of which are endemic and economically important with immense medical properties. Lack of awareness coupled with habitat destruction, is leading to genetic erosion of the forest resource and many species are threatened. Garcinia is yellowish fleshy and edible part of the fruit constituted by the parenchymatic endocarp and fibrous and lignified part is the seed integument. The present study revealed that the fruit contain yellow resin. Fruit syrup is used for antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Soumya L*1 and V. Manimekalai2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 29-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 13 - Issue : 4 ; 1660–1666

Shaju Reema Thankam*1 and Suba G. A. Manuel2

1 Department of Life Sciences, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Life Science, Mount Carmel College, No. 58, Palace Road, Bangalore - 560 052, Karnataka, India

Abstract

With the limited availability of cultivable land, it is important that we improve the yield of the crops, but this can be hindered by the attack of pests and pathogens. Even though chemical pesticides and herbicides are used for the prevention and reduction of the attack of pests and pathogens, these chemicals are harmful to the environment as well as to the consumers of the crop. It is also harmful to the soil microflora and soil health. Hence, it is important to adopt environmentally friendly ways that can help in providing the plant with protection against pests and pathogens. One of the most common, efficient, and environmentally friendly ways is the introduction of endophytes into the crop plant. In the present study, the seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum were treated with six bacterial endophytes isolated from Curcuma longa. They were further infected with two fungal pathogens Cercospora puniceae and Ceratocystis fimbriata. The plant growth parameters were recorded after every 5 days for 45 days. The percentage of infection, disease incidence, and biocontrol efficacy were calculated. The seedlings treated with endophytic bacterial consortium had an ability to withstand the fungal pathogens and survive when compared to the seedlings grown in control.

Shaju Reema Thankam*1 and Suba G. A. Manuel2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 31-Oct-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

An International Journal

P- ISSN: 0976-1675

E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)

Volume - 13 - September-October 2022

Enhanced Growth Performance and Acclimatization of In Vitro Cultured Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Plants Due to Synergistic Effect of Media and Light Intensity

Kalyansing B. Patil1, Kalyani N. Moharir2, Bhavesh L. Jangale3, Anil B. Patil4, Ambalal B. Chaudhari5 and Bal Krishna*6

Abstract

Diversity of Aquatic Macrophytes of Borbila and Silsako Wetland in Assam

Manglembi Chanu1, Ankur Pan Saikia2, Prasanta Pratim Bairagi3, Ashish Kar4 and Prasenjit Bhagawati*5

Abstract

Terpyridine-Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Spectral Studies, DNA Cleavage and Antimicrobial Activity

M. Kiruthika*1, A. Victoria2, S. Praveenkumar3, P. Madhumitha4 and P. Praveena5

1-5 Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Musiri - 621 211, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Preliminary Phytochemicals Screening and Estimation of Total Nutritional Content in Different Varieties of Mizo Chilli (Capsicum frutescens)

M. Michael Phairong*1, F. Lalnunmawia2, J. Lalbiaknunga3 and David Malsawmtluanga4

1-4 Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Tanhril - 796 004, Mizoram, India

Abstract

Morphological Heterogeneity of Wild Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Varieties of Hanavadi Village, Karnataka, India

Namitha S1, Jagadeesh D2, Sharvani K. A3 and Devaki N. S*4

1, 3 Department of Botany, Yuvaraja’s College, University of Mysore, Mysore - 570 005, Karnataka, India 2, 4 Department of Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Mysore - 570 005, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Analysis of Heavy Metals Content in Agricultural Soil of Bathinda District, Punjab (India)

Ashu Rani*1 and Harvinder Kaur Sidhu4

1-2 Department of Zoology, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi, Gobindgarh - 147 301, Punjab, India

Abstract

Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Phytochemical Analysis of Amomum subulatum Roxb. Seed Extract

A. Auxilia*1, I. Helen Diana2 and K. Suganya3

1-3 P.G. and Research Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Evaluation of the Repellent Activity and Biopesticide Properties of Annona squamosa (Linn.) Leaf Extracts against the Stored Grain Pest Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.)

C. Shunmugadevi1 and Anbu Radhika S*2

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, PMT College, Sankarankovil - 627 637, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Analysis of the Physical, Chemical, Nutritional and Heavy Metal Parameters of Ground Water in Selected Sites of Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India, With a Note on Risk Assessment

Mohamed Meeran1, Subramanian Arivoli2 and Samuel Tennyson*3

1 Department of Zoology, Hajee Karutha Rowther Howdia College, Uthamapalayam - 625 533, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore - 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Chennai - 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Bluetooth Module-Based Wearable Heatstroke Alert System Based on Physiological and Environmental Parameters for Agricultural Workers

Govinda Pal1, Thaneswer Patel*2, Huidrom Dayananda Singh3, Madhusudhan Mishra4 and Anubhab Pal5

Abstract

Germination Studies in Tomato Seeds Treated with Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Curcuma longa

Shaju Reema Thankam*1 and Suba G. A. Manuel2

1 Department of Life Sciences, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Life Science, Mount Carmel College, No. 58, Palace Road, Bangalore - 560 052, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Zooplankton Communities of Uttarmand Reservoir in Patan Tahsil, District Satara (Maharashtra) India

Varsha Gaikwad*1 and Rajan More2

1-2 P. G. Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science (Autonomous), Satara - 415 001, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Morphological, Phytochemical Screening and HPLC Profiling of Fibraurea darshani (Menispermaceae), An Endemic Species to Western Ghats

Arya Prabha M*1, Rajesh Kumar T2 and Neethu S. Kumar3

1 Post Graduate Department and Research Centre of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 004, Kerala, India 2 NSS College, Manjeri, Malappuram - 676 122, Kerala, India 3 HHMSPBNSS College Neeramankara, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 040, Kerala, India

Abstract

Herbal Wine from Aloe barbadensis: A Restorative Approach

Sunita Hanamant Patil1, Prajakta Yogesh Pachorkar*2, Apurva Patil3, Akanksha Jagtap4, Prajakta Yeole5 and Karishma Indulkar6

1-6 Department of Microbiology, K. R. T. Arts, B. H. Commerce and A. M. Science College, Nashik - 422 002, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Gummy Stem Blight Disease Caused by Didymella bryoniae on Luffa acutangula and its Molecular Identification - A First Report in Karnataka, India

Ramesh Sowbhagya Savitha1 and Rajkumar H. Garampalli*2

1-2 Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Green Synthesis Mechanism and Environmental Applications of Metals and their Oxide Nanoparticles: A Review

T. Bastin Baskar*1 and C Elizabeth Rani2

1-2 Department of Biotechnology, Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Chennai - 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Structural and Magnetic Characterization of Nanocrystalline Ni3Mn Alloy Prepared by Chemical Technique

E. Viswanathan*1 and E. Thirumal2

1-2 Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Physics, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai - 600 073, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Bio-efficiency of Zinc Nanoparticles Synthesized using Stereospermum chelonoides (L.F.) DC

Sangeetha Manickam1, Anandaraj Balaiah2 and Rajan Susyambu*3

1-3 P.G. and Research Department of Microbiology, M. R. Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Mannargudi - 614 001, Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Anatomical and Histochemical Study of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken

B. Annai Jenifer*1 and V. Manimekalai2

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Botany, Sri Parasakthi College for Women (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Courtallam - 627 802, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Pharmacological and Phytochemical Investigation of Chloroxylon swietenia DC.

B. Suriya Sabarinath1-2, K. Siva Kumar3 and Maghimaa Mathanmohun4