P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.56

Article


Toxins in Plant Disease: Study of Toxins their Role and Mechanisms in Pathogenesis

Thus, this paper analyses the importance of toxins to plant diseases and also assesses measures in preventing the effects of toxins on agriculture. Bacterial, fungal and viral toxins interfere with plant cell metabolism and defense mechanisms resulting to huge crop losses. In this paper, we discussed the current methods of identification and measurement of toxins such as high- performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Nevertheless, these methods have some drawbacks, for example, sensitivity, specificity, matrix effects, etc. This paper also investigated plant defense mechanisms with reference to the genetic level involving detoxification and activation of resistance genes. Breeding techniques, both conventional and those involving the use of biotechnology, seek to improve toxin content in crops through the use of transgenic techniques and marker assisted selection. Also, we evaluated the use of toxin management techniques, including toxin-inhibitors and genetic engineering techniques which have the potential of decreasing the reliance on chemical pesticides and increasing the resistance of crops. They help in practice of sustainable agriculture by encouraging the use of environmentally friendly practices and enhancing crop yield. Therefore, the present study calls for further research in toxin detection, resistance mechanisms, and application of the biotechnology for enhancing the sustainability of agriculture and food security.

Research Review | Published online : 24-Oct-2024