Login

P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.56

Volume - 16 - July-August 2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 4 ; 327–336
Ashwini Pandhare*1 and Praveen Naik Bellampalli2
1 Department of Rural Development, School of Social Sciences at Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar, Solapur University, Solapur - 413 255, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Social Work, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore - 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Sericulture is one of the oldest farming practices, and it is an essential means of livelihood for farmers in India. In Maharashtra state, for the last decade, Osmanabad has been one of the leading districts in sericulture, and it has an important place in the economy of drought-prone regions. However, drought often leads to crop failures, exhaustion of groundwater levels, food insecurity, and uncertain income for small and marginalized farmers in the district. Therefore, diversification of agriculture through sericulture farming could effectively create employment opportunities and provide sustainable livelihoods to the farmers. The present study is designed to understand the role of sericulture farming in providing sustainable livelihoods for farmers, and it covers 150 farmers engaged in sericulture farming. The study found that sericulture farming has created employment opportunities, improved farmers’ economic conditions, and promoted women’s empowerment. The findings were presented using the Triple Bottom Line model of Sustainability.

Ashwini Pandhare*1 and Praveen Naik Bellampalli2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Jul-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 4 ; 337–339
Champa Lal Khatik*1, Ummed Singh2, Kailash Chandra3, Kailash Chand Verma4, Jhumar Lal5, M. A. Khan6, Mujahid Khan7, S. C. Mahala8, Dharmendra Tripathi9 and Hanuman Singh Jatav10
1-10 Agricultural Research Station, Fatehpur-Shekhawati, Sikar - 332 301 (SKN Agriculture University, Jobner) Rajasthan, India
Abstract
The cowpea germplasm IC 0650821 is developing through pure line selection method at Agricultural Research Station, Fatehpur-Shekhawati, Sikar (SKN Agriculture University, Jobner) Rajasthan. This IC 0650821 evaluated with four checks under randomized block design (RBD) with four replications at ARS, Fatehpur during kharif, 2022 to kharif, 2024 under rainfed condition in the Rajasthan. This IC 0650821 data was recorded for yield and its attributes under rainfed conditions. The results show that the cowpea best check TC-901 (1182 kg/ha, 781 kg/ha and 996 kg/ha) seed yield and pooled mean of three year is 986 kg/ha seed yield during Kharif, 2022, 2023 and 2024 and IC-0650821 (1064 kg/ha, 859 kg/ha and 1022 kg/ha) seed yield and pooled mean of three year is 982 kg/ha seed yield were found significantly superior over the checks.

Champa Lal Khatik*1, Ummed Singh2, Kailash Chandra3, Kailash Chand Verma4, Jhumar Lal5, M. A. Khan6, Mujahid Khan7, S. C. Mahala8, Dharmendra Tripathi9 and Hanuman Singh Jatav10 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Jul-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 4 ; 340–343
Rohitash*1, Manohar Lal Meghwal2, Champa Lal Regar2, Neelu Jain2, Anubhav Galav2, Proloy Sankar Dev Roy2, Kanchan and Nikhil Khandelwal
1 M. Sc. Student (Horticulture) Fruit Science, 2 Department of Agriculture (Horticulture), Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh - 312 901, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
A lab experiment was conducted during January to June 2025 at Post Harvest and Value Addition Laboratory, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) to check the effect of varying papaya and mango pulp proportions with different sugar levels on the biochemical, sensory and storage stability of the blended papaya- mango mixed jam. Results were evaluated at monthly intervals and it was observed that the treatment (T6) with 80% papaya pulp + 20% mango pulp + 250 g sugar consistently recorded the highest total soluble solids (69.54°Brix), maximum ascorbic acid content (47.35 mg/100 g), highest total sugar (64.02%) after 60 days of storage, while maintaining the lowest titratable acidity (0.27%). Treatments T9 and T7 were statistically at par with the treatment T6 for the key parameters, whereas the control T10 showed inferior performance with the lowest TSS, ascorbic acid, and sugar content, but showed the highest acidity. The findings indicate that the optimum blend for quality and storage stability is 80% papaya pulp + 20% mango pulp with 250 g sugar, offering superior biochemical and sensory qualities during storage.

Rohitash*1, Manohar Lal Meghwal2, Champa Lal Regar2, Neelu Jain2, Anubhav Galav2, Proloy Sankar Dev Roy2, Kanchan and Nikhil Khandelwal Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Jul-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 4 ; 344–347
Aditya Ranjan Samal*1
1 Centre for Agri Management, Department of Business Administration, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar - 751 004, Odisha, India
Abstract
Entrepreneurship is considered as an important parameter for economic development of a state. It not only boosts the organization but also it promotes the economic development of the sector. In late 1960-70’s due to green revolution the agriculture scenario came with a drastic change with huge production and productivity of food grains specially paddy and wheat. It makes our country self -sufficient in food grains. This was also a time where agri-entrepreneurs from different states of India came into timeline. It accelerates the processing of paddy to make it consumable for the population. Odisha in latter 80’s became self- sufficient in paddy production and dominates other crops. This era brought revolution in the paddy milling industries of Odisha. In late 90’s there were around 796(OSCSC) No’s of rice milling units in Odisha which in 2010-15 reduced by 24%. Many mills are closed and some are running in loss due to certain constrains and challenges. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the constrains and the challenges faced by the rice millers. For this study Bargarh, Cuttack, Jagatsinghpur and Sambalpur are taken as the area for research as the paddy production is higher than that of other districts of Odisha. About 95 No’s samples mill owners have been contacted to complete this paper. Then the data are analyzed and interpreted. From study it is found that the situation of the early 90s and now has changed in respect of various factors such as stringent rules regulations of government enforcement of licensing part, delay in payment to the millers, infrastructure availability quality of the paddy procured and different schemes formed by govt. This study tried to understand the constraints and enlighten ideas to those upcoming entrepreneurs who want to build their career in rice milling sector in Odisha.

Aditya Ranjan Samal*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Jul-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 4 ; 348–351
Kanchan*1, Manohar Lal Meghwal2, Champa Lal Regar2, Om Prakash Regar2, Brijesh Kumar Meena2, Proloy Sankar Dev Roy2, Rohitash and Nikhil Khandelwal
1 M. Sc. Student (Horticulture) Fruit Science, 2 Department of Agriculture (Horticulture), Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University, Gangrar, Chittorgarh - 312 901, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
Research was conducted during January - June 2025 at the Post Harvest and Value Addition Laboratory, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) to evaluate the effect of different fruit pulp compositions on the quality attributes of mixed fruit jam during storage. The result revealed that among the treatments, T₁ (125 g each of apple, banana, papaya, and strawberry pulp + 500 ml wood apple juice + 1000 g sugar) recorded the highest total soluble solids (69.65, 70.50 and 70.98 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (51.65, 50.71 and 49.43 mg/100g), and titratable acidity (0.47, 0.45 and 0.42%) at 0, 30, and 60 days after storage, indicating a better retention of the biochemical parameters. The highest tannin content (1.95, 2.05, and 2.07%) was observed in T₉ (1000 ml wood apple juice + 1000 g sugar), highlighting the influence of wood apple juice on tannin levels. Overall, T₁ was found to be the most suitable formulation for producing high-quality mixed fruit jam with improved storage stability.

Kanchan*1, Manohar Lal Meghwal2, Champa Lal Regar2, Om Prakash Regar2, Brijesh Kumar Meena2, Proloy Sankar Dev Roy2, Rohitash and Nikhil Khandelwal Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Jul-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 4 ; 352–357
Sk Samim Hossin*1 and Subrata Kumar De2
1 Centre for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore (West) - 721 102, West Bengal, India 2 Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore (West) - 721 102, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Melanomacrophage centers (MMC) within the thymus gland of air-breathing Climbing perch [Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)] are critically examined under light and electron microscope. The distinct distributions of melanomacrophages (MM) within the primary lymphoid organ of climbing perch are strongly providing their structural and functional aspect within thymic stroma. The predominated thymocytes, epithelial cells, granulocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and integrated vascular networking system are very significant for lymphoid cell proliferation, maturation as well as thymocyte selection in fish. The large PAS (Periodic acid-Schiff) positive pigmented melanomacrophages centers are observed with cellular or sub-cellular debris. This frequent accumulation of melanomacrophages and cellular inter-connection within the thymus gland under high resolution electron microscope are significantly influence the cell-mediated thymic defense in a fragile aquatic ecosystem of fish (Anabas testudineus).

Sk Samim Hossin*1 and Subrata Kumar De2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Jul-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 4 ; 358–362
Vijay Kant Pandey*1, Madhumita Pandey2, Shabnam Sultana3 and Santosh Kumar Singh4
1 Department of Life Science, Netaji Subhas University, Jamshedpur - 831 012, Jharkhand, India 2 Department of Agriculture, Netaji Subhas University, Jamshedpur - 831 012, Jharkhand, India 3 Utkramit Uchh Madhyamik Vidyalaya, Nadsena, Nawada, Bihar, India 4 Department of Biotechnology, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur - 832 108, Jharkhand, India
Abstract
The concept of organic farming has drawn considerable global interest as a viable alternative to conventional agriculture, and in India, it has gained further significance with increasing consumer demand for sustainable and environmentally-friendly food production. This review examines the prospects of the organic farming industry in India in the realm of sustainable agriculture. While India is a world leader in organic production and cultivation, the organic farming industry still faces challenges, such as a lack of inputs and inputs knowledge, challenging certification, and poor market infrastructure. However, opportunities exist, including an increased demand, compatibility with conventional practices, and rural development and environmental improvement. Also, with the assistance of technology, organic farming can become more efficient, and support from the government is improving the system. The review qualitatively evaluates the environmental and social impacts and specific advancements benefit biodiversity, soil health, water conservation, and conservation of indigenous knowledge, across the dairy, milk, animal husbandry, and integrated farming sectors. New economic evaluation assessments show growth opportunities and challenges connected to yield gaps and market access. Case studies show how organic farming can work when equity regulations and community interest. India can be a leader in organic agriculture and help achieve sustainability goals at the national and international level if its potential is unlocked, which depends on cohesion amongst task holders.

Vijay Kant Pandey*1, Madhumita Pandey2, Shabnam Sultana3 and Santosh Kumar Singh4 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 01-Aug-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 4 ; 363–368
Nikhil Reddy K. S*1, 5, Sugeetha G2, Nagarjuna T. N3, Ashish Kamal P4 and Raghavendra A5
1 Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga - 577 204, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, V. C. Farm, Mandya - 571 405, Karnataka, India 3 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Lokmangal College of Agriculture, Wadala - 413 222, Maharashtra, India 4 Polytechnic of Agriculture (ANGRAU), Madakasira - 515 301, Andhra Pradesh, India 5 Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-NBAIR, Hebbal, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Insect-vegetable relationships provide mutual benefits through key ecological services such as pollination and biological pest control. Insects, particularly pollinators like honey bees and hoverflies, play a critical role in enhancing crop yields and quality by facilitating pollen transfer. Pollination has been shown to significantly increase yields in crops like tomatoes, squash, and bell peppers. Additionally, insects such as hoverflies and ground beetles contribute to biological pest control by suppressing harmful pest populations, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. The integration of habitat manipulation strategies, like intercropping and planting insectary plants, supports both pollination and pest control, fostering sustainable agricultural systems. Floral traits, including nectar composition and flower size, attract pollinators and sustain their populations, while mycorrhizal fungi improve soil health, influencing both plant growth and insect interactions. However, challenges such as climate change and landscape simplification can disrupt these mutual benefits, requiring adaptive agricultural practices. Practical applications, including neem-based pest control and intercropping systems, illustrate the potential for enhancing pollinator diversity and crop yields, thereby promoting the sustainability of insect-vegetable interactions in agriculture.

Nikhil Reddy K. S*1, 5, Sugeetha G2, Nagarjuna T. N3, Ashish Kamal P4 and Raghavendra A5 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 04-Aug-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 4 ; 369–373
Preeti Mishra*1 and Jyoti Kumar2
1-2 University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi - 934 001, Jharkhand, India
Abstract
The importance of medicinal plants in drug discovery is attributed to their varied pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and pharmacological characteristics. Comprehensive studies have demonstrated the biological efficacy of phytochemicals from several chemical categories, presenting possible remedies for various diseases. Plant extracts are widely used around the world for their biologically active compounds and offer protection against various diseases due to their Pharmacognostic properties. The present study was conducted to examine the phytochemical constituents, and antioxidant potential of various extracts of Elephantopus scaber L. collected from Ranchi. Preliminary Qualitative test was conducted to find out the presence of bioactive compounds followed by some quantitative tests like Total Phenolic Contents and Total Flavonoid Contents in the plant extract. DPPH method was employed for investigating antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis was also conducted to see the dominant bioactive compounds found in various extracts of E. scaber L. The results of the qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that Ethanolic, Petroleum ether, chloroformic, Acetone and distilled water extract of Elecphantopus scaber consist of alkaloids, terpenoids, anthocyanide, phlobatanin, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, phenol, terpenoids, favonoids, tannins, and saponins. The total phenol and favonoid content of E. scaber showed that the aceone extract of Leaf of E. scaber had a significantly higher total phenolic content (45.07 ± 0.10 mg of GAE/g) and the favonoid content (32.22 ± 0.30 mg of quercetin) than other extracts. The content of total phenolic and favonoids was more in Chloroform extract as compared to other extracts of Elecphantopus scaber.

Preeti Mishra*1 and Jyoti Kumar2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Aug-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 4 ; 374–383
H. R. Uma1, 3 and Jessica Fernando*2, 3
1 Research Scholar (Register No: 20113112032013) Department of Chemistry, V. O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, V. O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti - 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles doped with silver (Ag) using a cost-effective, eco-friendly method that leverages Clerodendrum infortunatum leaf extract. A range of characterization techniques, including XRD, TEM, XPS, EDX, UV-Visible, and PL spectroscopy, were employed to analyze the nanoparticles. The XRD pattern confirmed the successful incorporation of Ag ions into the CuO monoclinic structure with high phase purity. TEM imaging revealed irregular and spherical shapes, while XPS measurements demonstrated effective silver incorporation into the CuO lattice. EDX spectroscopy verified the presence of Cu, Ag, and O, attesting to the purity of the prepared samples. The UV-Visible absorption spectra showed a larger optical band gap for Ag-doped CuO (1.43 eV) compared to bare CuO nanoparticles. Photoluminescence studies indicated an increase in PL emission intensity across the UV region upon silver ion addition. Furthermore, MTT assays revealed that Ag-doped CuO nanoparticles exhibited superior toxicity against the AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line compared to pure CuO nanoparticles. These findings suggest that plant extract-mediated synthesis of pure CuO and Ag-doped CuO nanoparticles holds promise for biomedical applications.

H. R. Uma1, 3 and Jessica Fernando*2, 3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Aug-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 4 ; 384–390
Phadnis Shubhada*1,3, Pendharkar Kishor1, Ghayal Nivedita2 and Padhye Anand3
1 Department of Zoology, Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 3 Department of Zoology, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important fruit crops of India, commercially grown in South Konkan region. The fruit has characteristics like firm- fibreless pulp, typical flavour and good keeping quality. This fruit is exported in many countries, earning foreign exchange. Although the mango cultivation in Konkan region is vast, the productivity is very low in compared to national scenario. Insect pests are a major limiting factor in achieving full yield potential of mango varieties. The reason for low productivity of Alphonso in Konkan region is high incidences of pest and diseases due to hot and humid climate. Among insect pests, mango leaf hopper is most serious and destructive pest of mango. Climate change has also induced the emergence of new pests or it unintentionally encourages invasive species. Though scales, mealybugs, thrips, midges, mites, leaf webber, stem borer, white flies etc. were secondary pests, they have become serious problem in the recent years. To control pest infestation and plant damage, dependency on insecticides is inevitable. The use of synthetic organic insecticides in crop pest control has resulted in to damage of environment, pest resurgence, pest resistance to insecticides and lethal effects to non-target organism. In place of synthetic insecticides, biopesticides are Eco safe alternatives. Biologically active natural plant products may play a significant role in this regard. Present study therefore aims to evaluate the biocidal activities of locally available plants in south Konkan region against insect pests of mango, especially Mango leaf hopper and Thrips. Looking to the above-mentioned fact, it is proposed to study of potential herbal biocidals/ herbal extract against insect pests of mango.

Phadnis Shubhada*1,3, Pendharkar Kishor1, Ghayal Nivedita2 and Padhye Anand3 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 21-Aug-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 4 ; 391–410
Shashi Prabha1, Mandeep Singh2 and Simrat Kour3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Geography, University of Jammu, Jammu - 180 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India 2 Research Scholar, Department of Geography, University of Jammu, Jammu - 180 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India 3 Project Assistant, Department of Geography, University of Jammu, Jammu - 180 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Abstract
This study investigates long-term trends of climatic variability in the mountainous region of the Jammu division, located in the Sub-Himalayan zone of Jammu & Kashmir, India. The primary objectives are to assess the trends in temperature and precipitation over a 42-year period (1980–2022) across different seasons—pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter. A shape file of areas above 600 meters elevation was generated using SRTM DEM data, and data from nine meteorological stations were extracted from NASA POWER and IMD sources. A non-parametric statistical approach was employed using the Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s Slope estimator to identify the direction and magnitude of climatic trends. Temperature averages and precipitation totals were seasonally aggregated, and results were spatially interpolated using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) in ArcMap 10.8. The results reveal a significant upward trend in temperature across most seasons, with the most pronounced warming occurring during the monsoon and post-monsoon periods. Precipitation trends exhibited regional and seasonal variability, with certain zones experiencing declining rainfall trends, particularly during the winter season. These findings highlight growing climatic instability in ecologically fragile mountainous regions, which has serious implications for agriculture, water security, and sustainable development in the Jammu division.

Shashi Prabha1, Mandeep Singh2 and Simrat Kour3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Aug-2025