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P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.56

Volume - 5 - January-February 2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 01-06
Malvika Sharma, Phuntsog Tundup* and Surinder Pal Singh**
Division of Agronomy, **Division of Extension Education, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha - 180 009, J & K, India *Division of Soil Science, SKUAST - Kashmir, Shalimar - 191 121, Jammu & Kashmir, India
Abstract
The effects of intensive agricultural practices, increasing population pressure, climate change and environmental pollution, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and water depletion are all threatening the sustainability of agriculture. Rainfall runoff and erosion of surface soil remains a major factor for continued low productivity, more so in moisture limiting areas. The rapid decline in the quantity and quality of these resources had led to the concern for their management and conservation. Since 1984, Resource Conservation Technology has manufactured and distributed advanced technology for energy, water, and environmental conservation. Resource conservation is the planned management of natural resources to optimize their utility, efficient usage in their original application, reuse and recycling. The aim is to minimize the energy consumed and wastes generated in all stages from production through the life of the product right up to the final disposal. While maintaining and further enhancing productivity in the well endowed areas without adversely impacting resource base and environment is the key issue, reversing resource degradation process and enhancing soil quality appears a pre-requisite for achieving significant productivity gains in majority of moisture limiting areas.

Malvika Sharma, Phuntsog Tundup* and Surinder Pal Singh**

| Published online : 24-Oct-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 07-10
Nataraj Patted, N M Kerur, *Ashwini N Hebbar, S Kumar and Prakash Mokashi
Depertment of Agribusiness Management, *Department of Agricultural Statistics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Tobacco is largely exported in the form of unmanufactured products rather than manufactured form. From last three years Government of India has not fixed the targets of export due to increase of exports which are more than the fixed one. Although the cultivation of tobacco is restricted to 0.3 per cent of the total cultivated area, it provides employment to a large number of people on the one hand, it makes significant contribution to national exchequer by way of excise revenue and foreign exchange earnings to the another side The area, production and productivity of tobacco crop has been consistent increasing year by year. The trend revealed that there is a positive trend with all selected countries for the study. Much demand from the Belgium country. Indian steamed tobacco has been demanded from the Russian republic as revealed from the direction of trade.

Nataraj Patted, N M Kerur, *Ashwini N Hebbar, S Kumar and Prakash Mokashi

| Published online : 24-Oct-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 11-14
K N Mali and R B Belli
Depertment of Agricultural Extension Education, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Dairy is the most suitable production system that has enormous potential to improve the socio-economic status of the large percentage of the rural population. The study was conducted in Belgaum district of Karnataka during year 2012-13. The totals of 72 dairy farmers were selected by proportionate random sampling. The findings of the study revealed that, 65.28 per cent of the dairy farmers had medium adoption level, Regarding breeding practice, most of the dairy farmers (51.40%) had regularly keep watch on estrous cycle and heat symptoms of cow/buffalo, Under miscellaneous management, majority of the dairy farmers (80.56%) regularly practicing full hand method of milking. The majority of dairy farmers (87.50%) constraints expressed the non availability of labour. The constraints faced by the dairy farmers about improved dairy management practices. Structured interview schedule was used to collect the information through personal interview. Data was analyzed by using suitable statistical tools like mean, frequency, Standard deviation.

K N Mali and R B Belli

| Published online : 24-Oct-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 15-20
M R Amin, M M Adhikary*, M B Ahmed** and M A Kashem***
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet - 3100, Bangladesh *Department of Agril. Extension, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia - 741 252, West Bengal, India **Department of Agro-technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh ***Department of Agril. Extn. Education, Bangldesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
Abstract
The main purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of television program in the dissemination of agricultural information as perceived by farmers. Data were collected from randomly selected 100 television viewers through personal interviewing during November 2007 to June 2008. Agricultural information disseminated through selected five farm television programs of five satellite channels (BTV World, Channel-I, Banglavision, Rtv and ATN Bangla) were taken in to consideration. Out of selected 13-crops, the information related to jute was most effective followed by Banana, transplant aman rice, winter vegetables and so on wile it was less effective in case of citrus. Among the 57 individual issues included under 13 crops agricultural television programs perceived as most effective in case of land preparation, fertilizer application and irrigation of the tea. But it showed less effectiveness in case of information related to control of anthracnose, canker, and root rot diseases of citrus fruits. Besides, family size and organizational participation all the selected characteristics (8 out of 10) viz age (-ve), education, farm size, annual income, cosmopoliteness, agricultural knowledge, training received and extension media contact had shown significant relationship with the perceived extent of effectiveness of information disseminated through agricultural television programs.

M R Amin, M M Adhikary*, M B Ahmed** and M A Kashem***

| Published online : 24-Oct-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 21-23
P C Regar, C M Balai, *L N Verma, Roshan Choudhary and **R K Bairwa
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (MPUAT), Badal Mahal, Shashtri Colony, Dungarpur - 314 001, Rajasthan, India *Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Takarda, Chomu, Jaipur, Rajasthan, **Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bundi, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
Dungarpur is one of the most backward districts of Rajasthan (India) having 70.8% of population is tribal. The tribal families depend upon sustainable agriculture. The major contribution to their livelihood is from rainfed agriculture, small livestock rearing like goat and backyard poultry. Farm Science Centre known as Krishi Vigyan Kendra laid down Front Line Demonstrations on backyard poultry under NAIP project by introducing Nirbhik poultry breed. The economic returns of backyard poultry were calculated and compared with different size groups of poultry bird. The size group II recorded higher gross returns, net return as compared to size group I. It is suggested that rearing of large size group of backyard poultry birds would be ensure livelihood, nutritional security and economic empowerment of tribal households at faster pace.

P C Regar, C M Balai, *L N Verma, Roshan Choudhary and **R K Bairwa

| Published online : 24-Oct-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 24-28
M Kannan
Depertment of Economics, CBM College, Kovaipudur, Coimbatore - 641 042, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
India’s share in the production has increased over the years and the country is now one of the largest producers of natural rubber in the world market. Hence, the present study explores the growth performance of natural rubber in India as well as major producing states in India (1981-82 to 2010-11), using by compound growth rate and co-efficient of variation. The study reveals that the growth and co-efficient of variation in tapped area, area, production and yield of natural rubber in India registered a significant and positive signs. While the growth in area and production in major producing states have been declining, the productivity has increased from 891 kg ha-1 to 1327 kg ha-1 during the study period. It is recommended that there should be forming a separate board for rubber at state level, through which, it may initiate the modernized strategies, introduce high yield varieties (HYV) of seedlings and sapling, creates awareness regarding technologies and marketing knowledge etc among the planters.

M Kannan

| Published online : 01-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 29-32
Nataraj Patted, N M Kerur, Prakash Mokashi, S Kumar and Ashwini N Hebbar*
Depertment of Agribusiness Management, *Department of Agricultural Statistics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The demand for tobacco manufactured products is going on increasing day by day; there is huge demand for the tobacco manufactured in the international market. Trend with respect to manufactured products for chewing tobacco all importing countries showed the increasing trend with positive slope. Jarda scented tobacco showed declining trend only with the USA and all other importing countries showed a positive trend. For hookah tobacco paste except South Africa, all other countries are having a positive slope with an increasing trend. UAE is found to be competitive in case of Chewing tobacco and Jarda scented tobacco. Saudi Arabia is competitive in case of Hookah tobacco.

Nataraj Patted, N M Kerur, Prakash Mokashi, S Kumar and Ashwini N Hebbar*

| Published online : 01-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 33-37
Gowhar Bashir Ahangar and Mohd Ummer Jan Padder
Depertment of Economics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
India is one of the largest producers of oilseeds in the world and occupies an important position in the Indian agricultural economy. Groundnut is one of the most important cash crop and has wider uses is proved to be highly profitable and provides employment of the rural people. The objectives of study are to analysis the production of groundnut, share of production by major groundnut producing states and to analyze the export of groundnut in India. The relevant information was gathered through secondary data. Compound growth rate, decomposition analysis, percentage analysis, co-efficient of variance and method of least square were used for the analysis of data. The result of the analysis reveals that area was the main contributing factor for increasing the production that it contributes 68 per cent which was followed by yield effects 24.78 per cent. However, the interaction effect was found as lower 7.69 per cent. The total export of Indian groundnut ranges from 3.88 to 1.12 per cent during the period of reference.

Gowhar Bashir Ahangar and Mohd Ummer Jan Padder

| Published online : 01-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 38-41
Prakash Mokashi and S B Hosamani*
Department of Agribusiness Management, *Agribusiness and Export Knowledge Centre, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The study was conducted to document the constraints faced by grape growers in production, marketing and export of grapes from Northern Karnataka. Multistage sampling technique was employed for selection of sample districts, taluks, villages and respondents. Primary data from 120 sample farmers were collected from Bijapur, Belgaum and Bagalkot districts of Northern Karnataka. Study results revealed that high cost of establishment, lacks of capital, maintenance problem of irrigation structures and high cost of inputs were the major production constraints. Absence of support price in the case of glut, absence of regulated markets and fluctuations in market prices, exploitation by middlemen and lack of storage facility were major marketing constraints while non-availability of quality testing laboratories and lack of adequate cold storage facilities, difficulty to meet export standards, fluctuating prices of produce in the international market were the major export constraints.

Prakash Mokashi and S B Hosamani*

| Published online : 01-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 42-47
M R Amin, M M Adhikary*, M B Ahmed** and M A Kashem***
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet - 3100, Bangladesh *Department of Agril. Extension, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia - 741 252, West Bengal, India **Department of Agro-technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh ***Department of Agril. Extn. Education, Bangldesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh
Abstract
The main purpose of the study was to determine the extent of exposure of farmers to agricultural programs broadcasted through television. Data were collected from randomly selected 100 television viewers through personal interviewing during November 2007 to June 2008. Among the selected five farm television program broadcasted through five satellite channels (BTV World, Channel-I, Banglavision, Rtv and ATN Bangla), the farmers were highly exposed to Mati-o-Manus (national television program) followed by Hredoye Mati-o-Manus, Amar Shamol Bangla and so on. From overall consideration most of the farmers (88%) showed low to medium exposure to television broadcasted programs. Farmers mostly prefer to know the market value of agricultural goods followed by drama, questioning-answering and so on regarding farm program broadcasted through television. Among 10 selected characteristics, the age, education farm size annual income and agricultural knowledge showed positive significant relationship with extent of exposure to agricultural programs broadcasted through television. The most prevalent problem as cited by the respondents in case of receiving information through television was insufficient time allocation for broadcasted agricultural programs.

M R Amin, M M Adhikary*, M B Ahmed** and M A Kashem***

| Published online : 01-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 48-56
M Saad Ali, L Manjunath and V S Yadav
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
A study was taken up with the objective to determine the influence of transformational leadership and innovative behavior on job performance of extension personnel. The sample consisted of 100 KSDA extension personnel and 100 UAS extension personnel were selected by accidental meeting technique. The questioner consisted of bio data schedule, transformational leadership scale, innovative behavior scale and job performance scale was administrated on the sample by personal contact. The data submitted to analysis level of independent and dependent variables. The analysis of correlation, t test, regression analysis and factor analysis were adapted to analysis the data. The results revealed that the 6 to 7 extension personnel out of 10 extension personnel of UASs were high in transformational leadership, whereas 3 to 4 extension personnel out of 10 extension personnel of KSDA were high in transformational leadership. 3 to 4 extension personnel out of 10 extension personnel of UASs were high in innovative behavior, whereas 1 to 2 extension personnel out of 10 extension personnel of KSDA were high in innovative behavior. The majority (66%) of the extension personnel of both the categories belonged to high performance category. Education, information seeking behavior, transformational leadership and innovative behavior correlated significantly with job performance of extension personnel. Only two variables namely information seeking behavior and transformational leadership were found to be significant in expanding the variation in the job performance of extension personnel.

M Saad Ali, L Manjunath and V S Yadav

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 57-61
B N Pradeepa Babu and *G N Nagaraja
Cost of Cultivation Scheme, GOI Project, Department of Agricultural Economics, *Department of Agricultural Marketing and Cooperation, University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK), Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The present study was undertaken on coconut crop in Tumkur district of Karnataka to investigate the economics of IPM technology and the constraints faced by the farmers during the adoption of IPM technology. Capital investment in plantation crop like coconut comprises of two components, namely establishment and maintenance costs. In production economics, it is customary to apportion total costs incurred as variable and fixed costs to account for both operating cost and initial capital investment and other fixed costs. The result reveals that there was significant difference between the two categories of farmers (IPM and non-IPM) with respect to the input use. In both the categories expenditure on labour was high 28.54 per cent and 35.37 per cent for IPM and non-IPM categories, respectively followed by amortization cost of establishment 27.77 per cent and 31.73 per cent for IPM and non-IPM plantations, respectively. This is mainly due to the huge investment in the gestation period of coconut. Cost incurred per acre of IPM plantations was high ` 8648, when compared to non-IPM plantations ` 6369 and the net return obtained ` 7791 and ` 4855 on the IPM and non-IPM farm, respectively. Hence, the net returns obtained on the IPM farm are relatively higher than the non-IPM farm. Among the constraints, Lack of co-operation among farmers was the major constraint and the second position among the constraints in coconut was taken by non-availability of labour. It was due to the migration of human labour from rural to urban for earning their livelihood.

B N Pradeepa Babu and *G N Nagaraja

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 62-64
K N Mali and R B Belli
Depertment of Agricultural Extension Education, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Dairy is the most suitable production system that has enormous potential to improve the socio-economic status of the large percentage of the rural population. The present study was conducted in Belgaum district of Karnataka during the year 2012-13. The 72 dairy farmers and 72 non-dairy farmers were selected randomly from same area to constitute the total sample size of 144. Majority of dairy farmers and non-dairy farmers (100% and 98.61%) grown sugarcane followed by maize (65.28% and 88.89%) in kharif season; whereas, 31.94 and 34.72 per cent of dairy and non dairy farmers grown Bengal gram followed by wheat (26.39% and 30.56%) in rabi season. Majority of dairy farmers and non-dairy farmers (98.61% and 98.61%) grown sugarcane on an average (37.64 t/ac and 38.73 t/ac) followed by maize (75% and 91.67%) on an average (24.07 qtl/acre and 25.8 qtl/acre). Crop productivity showed positive and significant correlation at 5% level of probability with knowledge level and cropping pattern showed positive and significant relationship at 1% level of probability.

K N Mali and R B Belli

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 65-71
M K Amara Denis, J J Momoh Edwin and A Oladele Toyin*
Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Njala University, Njala Campus, Via Taiama, Kori Chiefdom, PMB, Southern Province, Sierra Leone, *Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Cocoa is a major export crop of Sierra Leone with high production and export levels before the war. During and after the war, production and export declined considerably though it has gradually increased over the last five years but still lower than pre-war levels. During the war period, many cocoa estates were neglected which affected production levels and the quality of produce exported. Not much rehabilitation has been done after the war largely as a result of lack of finance. Hence, the study was conducted to ascertain the current levels of cocoa production and export in the country and make a comparison with those of pre-war levels in order to identify key constraints affecting the cocoa value chain. The study revealed that the area under cocoa, production, yield, and export quantity and export value are still below pre-war levels. There is still a wide gap between pre-war levels and current levels in terms of production and export. It was observed that though world prices for cocoa have risen over the last three years making cocoa exports quite attractive, Sierra Leone’s cocoa still suffers large price discounts because of quality issues. Farmers are more affected than any other actors in the cocoa chain.

M K Amara Denis, J J Momoh Edwin and A Oladele Toyin*

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 72-75
Sravan Kumar Tamminana, G Sivanarayana* and G Ragothuman**
Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India *Department of Agricultural Extension, Agricultural College (ANGRAU), Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, India **Coconut Development Board, State Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
Agriculture is the backbone of India’s rural economy and livelihood. In India, agriculturalists more traditionally and conventionally compost the bio-degradable organics generated in the agricultural field into manure with the help of earthworms. Attitude as a component of human behavior is the pre-requisite for any action, which plays a dominant role in adoption of new technologies. As a small scale/ micro-enterprise, has been used as an effective tool for organic waste management in much geography who are largely agro-based. The present study was conducted in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh state to examine the entrepreneur’s attitude towards Vermicompost technology. Data were solicited by personal interview method from sixty Vermicompost entrepreneurs. Study reveals that entrepreneurs had positive attitude towards Vermicompost technology.

Sravan Kumar Tamminana, G Sivanarayana* and G Ragothuman**

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 76-79
A Manoj and K Vijayaragavan
Division of Agricultural Extension, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa - 110 012, New Delhi, India
Abstract
The present study was conducted in Andhra Pradesh with an objective of finding the correlates of knowledge and adoption of Integrated Crop Management Farmers’ Field School (ICMFFS) practices in paddy cultivation. A total of three districts were selected purposively from all three regions of Andhra Pradesh. The selected districts were: West Godavari from Coastal Andhra region, Warangal from Telangana region and Kurnool from Rayalaseema region. Respondents were selected through simple random sampling procedure. The total sample size was 240 comprising 120 FFS farmers and 120 non-FFS farmers. The data were collected though interview schedule. A total of nine independent variables were selected to assess their association with knowledge and adoption behaviour of FFS and non-FFS farmers with respect to ICM practices in paddy. Pearson correlation analysis was used to find out the correlates knowledge and adoption behaviour. The study has revealed that variables such as education, land holding, annual income, social participation, mass media exposure and extension contact had positive and significant association with knowledge and adoption of ICM practices by both the group of farmers. These variables should be considered while targeting farmers to augment the adoption of ICM technologies among paddy farmers.

A Manoj and K Vijayaragavan

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 80-83
B N Pradeepa Babu and *G N Nagaraja
Cost of Cultivation Scheme, GOI Project, Department of Agricultural Economics, *Department of Agricultural Marketing and Cooperation, University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK), Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The present study was under taken in groundnut crop in Tumkur district of Karnataka during 2005-06. The resistance externality cost result revealed that the dummy for IPM have reduced the cost by 279.80. The chemical fertilizer (0.010) and off-farm income (-0.016) has positive and significant influence on the resistance externality. The partial budgeting of both the IPM and non-IPM category farms for groundnut revealed that the IPM category had ` 1710 more gain than non-IPM category. This amount can be considered as positive benefits associated with in IPM package. The major health hazards are eye irritation (83.33%), headache (46.66%), skin irritation (26.66%) and stomach ache (13.33%) on the IPM farm compared with the eye irritation (86.66%), headache (66.60%), skin irritation (46.66%) and stomach ache (16.66%) in IPM farm. The results revealed that the non-IPM farmers suffered more health hazards than that of IPM farmers. The major constraints faced by the IPM farmers are lack of water availability, non-availability of bio-control agents, non-availability of bio-fertilizers and low soil fertility.¬

B N Pradeepa Babu and *G N Nagaraja

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 84-88
M R Amin, *M M Adhikary, M Kamruzzaman, **M M Riadd and ***M T N Kabir
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet - 3100, Bangladesh *Department of Agril. Extension, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia - 741 252, West Bengal, India **Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh ***Rural Development Officer, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to determine and describe the perception of farmers on the effects of Barind Multipurpose Development Authority towards environmental up-gradation. The study was carried out at four villages of Basudebpur union at Godagariupazila under Rajshahi district. A sample of 110 farmers (19%) was randomly selected from a total population of 579 farmers. Data were collected from the sampled farmers throughout March to April 2011 using interview schedule. Slightly less than two-thirds (64.5%) of the farmers had moderately favourable perception compared to about one-fifth (19.1%) of them having less favourable perception and 16.4 percent of them had highly favourable perception on the effects of BMDA towards environmental up-gradation. The majority (66%) of the farmers had highly favourable perception to the context that, huge plantation in the project area keeps the air clean by absorbing greenhouse gases like CO2 and desertification process has been reduced in this region due to the afforestation of BIADP. More than half (57%) of the farmers had less favourable perception to the context that, shading effect due to plantation in roadside and ail hamper the growth of the crop grown on adjacent fields. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient (r) was used to ascertain the relationship between the concerned variables. Correlation analysis indicated that education, family education, innovativeness, communication exposure, training experience and agricultural knowledge of farmers had significant positive relationship with their perception of farmers on the effects of Barind Multipurpose Development Authority towards environmental up-gradation.

M R Amin, *M M Adhikary, M Kamruzzaman, **M M Riadd and ***M T N Kabir

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 89-93
M Saad Ali, L Manjunath and V S Yadav
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
A study developed innovative work behavior scale of extension personnel was undertaken during 2012-2013 in Dharwad district of Karnataka, India. Initially, there were 50 statements converting the two dimensions of innovative work behavior were constructed. Each behavioral statement was judged by 45 experts. The selected 50 statements were administered on 99 extension personnel of both Agriculture State Department (ASD) and University of Agriculture and Sciences (UAS) by accidental meeting technique. Schedule was used for collection of information for developing innovative work behavior Scale from extension personnel. The each statement of the scale was selected by applying several statistical methods presented. The results of the study revealed that 32 statements constructed the innovative work behavior Scale. Further, innovative work behavior Scale established through applied both validity and reliability methods on the scale.

M Saad Ali, L Manjunath and V S Yadav

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 94-96
A D Raj, V Yadav and J H Rathod
Krushi Vigyan Kendra, Navsari Agricultural University, Dediapada - 393 040, Gujrat, India
Abstract
The study was carried out during 2008-09, 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13 in seven villages of Narmada district. In all 155 demonstrations on pigeon pea crop were carried out in area of 49.4 ha with the active participation of farmers with the objective to demonstrate the latest technology of pigeon pea production potential, technological gap, extension gap, technology index, and economic benefit of improved technology consisting suitable variety 'Vaishali'. The results revealed that FLD’s recorded higher yield as compared to farmers practice over the years of study. The improved technology recorded a mean yield of 1601 kg/ha an increase 23.2 per cent over farmer’s practice of 1283 kg/ha. In spite of increase in yield of pigeon pea, technological gap, extension gap and technology index existed which was 200, 318 kg/ha and 11.1 per cent, respectively. The improved technology gave higher gross return of 57860 Rs/ha, net return of 42017 Rs/ha with a benefit cost ratio 3.7 as compared to local check (46585 Rs/ha, 31667 Rs/ha and benefit cost ratio 3.3).

A D Raj, V Yadav and J H Rathod

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 97-100
Nataraj Patted, Prakash Mokashi, S Kumar and Ashwini N Hebbar*
Depertment of Agribusiness Management, *Department of Agricultural Statistics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Botanically, the coconut palm is a monocotyledon and belongs to the order Arecaceae, family Palmae and the specie is known as Cocus nucifera Linn. In India, Coconut is cultivated in 18 States and 3 Union Territories in an area of 1.9 million hectares. Coconut, predominantly a small holders’ crop, occupies a prime position in the cultural, social and economic lives of millions of people across the world. The growth of the coconut in area, production and productivity has been in a positive rate with a increasing rate. The direction of trade indicates that the coconut imports are more towards the Middle East countries mainly with United Arab Emirates. As cited from the projection Saudi Arabia and Baharian would decrease its imports of coconut from India. Indian government should necessarily act upon the good rapport and strengthen the relationship in trade with Nepal and other minor importing countries so that India can enjoy with a good foreign trade.

Nataraj Patted, Prakash Mokashi, S Kumar and Ashwini N Hebbar*

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 101-104
Sudhakar Dwivedi and A K Jha*
Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha -180 009, J & K, India *Department of Agricultural Economics, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar, India
Abstract
This state has the fifth highest acreage under rice among different states of our country, but in respect to its production ranks sixth. There is a dearth of studies dealing with instability in growth of paddy crop at regional level. Hence, this is an attempt to study the instability in production of paddy crop in different agro-climatic zones of Bihar state. This is an attempt to study the instability in production of paddy crop in different agro-climatic zones of Bihar state. Productivity of paddy increased in all the agro-climatic zones during the period under study except in Zone-IIIA, where there was a moderate decline in the productivity by 6.38% during the year 1986-1996. In the next decade of 1997-2006, the bumper yield of paddy was observed in this zone over the proceeding decade mainly due to large increase in the area as well as yield. The increase in production during 1997-2006 was also highest in this zone as compared to other zones of Bihar. As the overall yield of paddy in Bihar is concerned it increased nearly by 29.00 percent during the 1986-1997 and 37.00 percent during 1997-2006.

Sudhakar Dwivedi and A K Jha*

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 105-107
Nataraj Patted, S Kumar, Prakash Mokashi, and Ashwini N Hebbar*
Depertment of Agribusiness Management, *Department of Agricultural Statistics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops in India. The fruit and vegetable processing industry in India is highly decentralized having wide capacities. The diverse agro-climatic zones make it possible to grow almost all varieties of fresh fruits and green vegetables in India. Tomato is rich source of vitamins A, C, potassium, minerals and fibers. Tomatoes are used in the preparation of soup, salad, pickles, ketchup, puree, sauces and also consumed as a vegetable Nepal and USA are the important importers of tomato ketchup from India. Government should need to think to start many processed food industries so that it enables to make many employment generation as well as good income from international market.

Nataraj Patted, S Kumar, Prakash Mokashi, and Ashwini N Hebbar*

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 108-111
Rachana Patil
Faculty of Rural Management, Prin. L. N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development and Research, Matunga, Mumbai - 400 019, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Value addition of agricultural commodity plays important role in small scale as well as large scale industries. The returns from processing and value addition of pigeonpea are considerably higher as compared to raw material (grain). It not only increases the quality of the produce but also creates employment opportunities and enhancement of income. In developed countries more than 80 percent of the produce is processed but rate of processing is low in developing country, so it is necessary to increase awareness regarding processing in developing countries like India. With this view for the present study, five processing units of pigeonpea were selected in Akola district purposively i e Agarwal Industries, Amrish Dal Mill, Tirupati Balaji Dal Udyog, M/S Bansal Industries, Kunal Industries. Value addition in pigeonpea over raw pigeonpea was to the tune of (42.57) percent. Pigeonpea processing units utilized 77.22 percent of their total install capacity. Breakeven point of processing unit was 558.75. Value Addition of processing unit was 894.11 Rs/q. B: C ratio of processing unit was 1.40. Pigeonpea processing enterprises is found to be the profitable venture.

Rachana Patil

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 112-113
S B Gamannavar, S V Halakatti and M V Bharamagoudar
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The study was undertaken with an objective of studying the progress of dairy development in Dharwad, Gadag and Uttara Kannada districts of Northern Karnataka. Tabular analysis and growth rate analysis were employed to derive appropriate conclusions. In the present study, there was a progress of dairy development in Dharwad, Gadag and Uttara Kannada districts over the years from 2006-07 to 2010-11.

S B Gamannavar, S V Halakatti and M V Bharamagoudar

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 114-115
Vinayak N Jalikatti, Aravind Kammar* and B G Shambulinga**
Department of Agricultural Economics, **Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India **Agriculture Officer, Pala RSK, Tq: Mundagod, District Karwar, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The present study is designed to study the performance of Dharwad co-operative milk union. It was observed that membership in milk union in all taluks was found to be increasing over the years. On the contrary milk procured in almost all taluks was increasing over the years. However, the membership and milk procured was subjected to growth rate analysis and it was found that there was positive growth in membership and milk procured in Dharwad co-operative milk union.

Vinayak N Jalikatti, Aravind Kammar* and B G Shambulinga**

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 116-117
Prakash Mokashi and S B Hosamani*
Department of Agribusiness Management, *Agribusiness and Export Knowledge Centre, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The study was conducted to analyze export competitiveness of Indian grapes NPC has increased from 0.50 in the liberalization period (1992-93) to 0.62 in 2010-11. During 1994 to 1999 the NPC for grapes was comparatively poor which varied from 0.77 to 0.72. The average NPC (0.67) over the years indicated that the state had price competitiveness in grapes. Results of NPC under exportable hypothesis revealed that in the recent years (2006-07 to 2010-11), the state had better competitiveness for grapes exports in the international market. Karnataka has a comparative advantage in grapes production and competitiveness in grapes exports as indicated by average value of NPCs (0.67) during the study period.

Prakash Mokashi and S B Hosamani*

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 118-119
Vinayak N Jalikatti, Aravind Kammar* and B G Shambulinga**
Department of Agricultural Economics, **Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India **Agriculture Officer, Pala RSK, Tq: Mundagod, District Karwar, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The present study is designed to study the progress of dairy development in Dharwad, Gadag and Uttara Kannada districts of Northern Karnataka. It was observed that the included parameters namely number of organized DCS, number of functional DCS, producer members (000), average daily milk procurement (TKgPD), average daily milk marketing (TLPD), members per functional DCS, average procurement per member and average procurement per DCS were found to be increasing over the years.

Vinayak N Jalikatti, Aravind Kammar* and B G Shambulinga**

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 120-127
M Saad Ali, L Manjunath and V S Yadav
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
A study developed transformational leadership scale of extension personnel at lower level of management was undertaken during 2012-2013 in Dharwad district of Karnataka, India. Initially, there were 178 statements converting the four dimensions of transformational leadership were constructed. Each behavioral statement was judged by 45 experts. The selected 174 statements were administered on 109 extension personnel of both State Agriculture Department (SAD) and University of Agriculture and Sciences (UAS) by accident as meeting technique. Schedule was used for collection of information for developing Transformational Leadership Scale from extension personnel. The each statement of the scale was selected by applying several statistical methods presented. The results of the study revealed that 90 statements constructed the Transformational Leadership Scale. Further, Transformational Leadership Scale established through applied both validity and reliability methods on the scale.

M Saad Ali, L Manjunath and V S Yadav

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 128-130
S Santhanalakshmi
P/G and Research Department of Economics, CBM College, Kovaipudur, Coimbatore - 641 042, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture contributes directly to the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). They cover a whole range of improving sustainability: raising soil fertility, capability to cope with risks and withstand natural calamities, reducing energy consumption, minimizing risk, and so on. It is impossible to achieve sustainable development without applying sustainable agriculture on a large scale. The relationship between agricultural production and eradication of extreme poverty and hunger is very strong: agriculture is the very basis for food security. Although agricultural production amounts to one-and-a-half times the global population’s basic needs - and is growing constantly - there is still widespread hunger in the world. So, hunger is not simply a function of how much food is produced. Differences in purchasing power and access to land and resources are among the major causes of underdevelopment in rural areas. Agriculture can be sustainable when it not only produces a lot of high-quality food, but also generates income for poor people. That means rural development: improving transport, development of market facilities and linkages, improving access to information, participation of the rural poor in decision making, providing access to credit, and so on.

S Santhanalakshmi

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 1 ; 131-134
Sravan Kumar Tamminana and G Sivanarayana*
Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India *Department of Agricultural Extension, Agricultural College (ANGRAU), Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
Vermicomposting is gaining strong foothold among the farmers in India due to its multifunctional roles and benefits in agriculture. Its increase is being adopted by not only in farms but also in businesses, institutions and municipalities for managing organic waste. Currently, demand for organically produced food is increasing. Vermicompost is found to have a key role in organic produces. In vermicomposting, fewer inputs are required for production and less vulnerable to changes in the prices. Two farmers were selected in two different places in the Guntur district and were studied in detail (case study) regarding their past and present status, their role, their activities etc using semi-structured interview schedule. The C:B ratio was found to be 1:2 on an average. The scope of vermicompost is enormous and is a promising technique that has shown its potential in certain challenging areas and in practical there is no risk in its production.

Sravan Kumar Tamminana and G Sivanarayana*

| Published online : 03-Nov-2014