Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 845-851 TH Amarjeet Singh and A D Patel Department of Plant Physiology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 110, Gujarat, India Abstract The study was conducted at the Main Vegetable Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the period kharif-rabi 20010-11 with the objective to determine the effects of different concentrations of GA3 and chemicals on quality and shelf-life of tomato. The experiment consisted of two main factors, factor A with two levels [Breaker stage (S1) and Redripestage (S2)] and factor B with nine treatments [GA3 @ 20 and 40 mg/l; KNO3 @ 2000 and 4000 mg/l; KHCO3 @ 2000 and 4000 mg/l; boric acid @ 100 and 200 mg/l with the control (without spray)]were arranged in 2 × 9 factorial randomized block design with three replications. The quality parameters viz total soluble solid (TSS), physiological loss of weight (PLW), decay or rotting, acidity, lycopene, ascorbic acid and carotenoid content influenced by stages of picking and post-harvest treatments of GA3 and chemicals had significant and positive effect over the control. The fruit harvested at red-ripe stage (S2) exhibited significantly the higher effect on various qualitative parameters. However, significantly the lowest PLW and decay loss were recorded under the fruits harvested at breaker stage (S1) as compared to the red-ripe stage. The post-harvest treatment of GA3 @ 40 mg/l (T2) recorded significantly the highest TSS (4.23 and 4.62%), acidity (1.43 and 0.95%), lycopene (6.40 and 8.75 mg), ascorbic acid (8.52 and 10.05 mg) and carotenoid content (17.33 and 19.25 mg) at initial (after harvest) as well as 6th day of storage, respectively. On the other hand, significantly the lowest PLW (0.18 %) and decay loss (33.47 %) were observed in the treatment T2 (GA3 @ 40 mg/l) and T1 (GA3 @ 20 mg/l) at 12th day of storage, respectively. While, the interaction effect between the harvesting stages (S) and post-harvest treatments (T) had non-significant effects in all the parameters except PLW and decay loss during the storage of tomato fruit cv. Anand Tomato-3.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 852-854 S Ramesh Kumar, M Kumar and R Muthukrishnan Department of Horticulture, Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture (TNAU), Manakkadavu, Pollachi - 642 103, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Tests were conducted on two vegetables in 2013 at the Crop Physiology Laboratory, VIA, Pollachi, Tamil Nadu. Experimental materials were arranged in a completely randomized design. The results designated that there were significant differences in seed attributes due to the application of tree leaf extracts. Seeds treated with T5 (Dalbergia oliveri) and T6 (Morinda tinctoria) increased germination percentage, shoot and root length and vigour index significantly in chillies. With respect to tomato the treatments T7 (J. curcas) and T5 can be recommended for improving the physiological characters of seed. Hence, it is recommended that seed treatment with 5% Dalbergia oliveri fresh leaf extract of can be exploited to get good quality seeds/seedlings of tomato and chillies.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 855-858 M Mahesh, R V S K Reddy and P Saidaiah Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 035, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract An experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. Five parental lines and their 10 cross combinations of bitter gourd obtained from half diallel mating design were studied to investigate extent of heterosis for yield and yield contributing traits. In order of merit F1 hybrids as per standard heterosis, RNMC-52 × RNMC-55 (25.90%), RNMC-54 × RNMC-55 (19.05%) and RNMC-51 × RNMC-53 (9.92%) were recorded to be best promising F1 hybrids for fruit yield per vine.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 859-864 G Mahesh*, B N Venu and H V Harishkumar *Department of Agricultural Marketing Co-operation and Business Management, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, India Abstract The study was undertaken in Chikkaballapura district of Karnataka to assess livelihood status, financial viability, employment generation and constraints faced by reelers of various reeling systems. Based on preliminary survey four major reeling units viz charaka, cottage basin, filature basin and multi-end basin were identified. In the study 90 sample respondents were interviewed covering a proportionate sample of 60 reelers under charaka, 3, 22 and 5 reelers from cottage basin, filature basin and multi-end basin, respectively. Results revealed from the study that high investment and high risky technologies like filature basin and multi-end basin were practiced by relatively lower age group entrepreneurs. Raw silk reeled per basin per year is least in charaka (661.44 kg’s) and higher in multi-end (859.13 kg’s). Net returns per basin per year realized is least in charaka (` 54,546) and higher in multi-end (` 3,05,405). The benefit-cost ratio worked out to be low in charaka (1.20) and high in multi-end (1.04). The employment generation was high in charaka reeling units and reeling is the operation which generates maximum employment irrespective of reeling system. There are many problems faced by the reelers among those, Working capital and labour shortage are the foremost constraints.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 865-868 Mohammad Aarif, N K Rastogi, P L Johnson, P K Chandrakar and F C Sao Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India Abstract Twenty two genotypes of kabuli chickpea were evaluated for physicochemical and cooking quality traits. The highest magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was found for hydration capacity followed by 100-seed weight (seed size), seed volume, swelling capacity and cooking time. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for 100-seed weight, hydration capacity, swelling capacity, seed volume and cooking time. Correlation analysis revealed that the magnitude of genotypic correlation coefficient was higher as compared to their corresponding phenotypic correlation. Seed size exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with hydration capacity, swelling capacity and seed volume at genotypic and phenotypic level. Path coefficient analysis revealed that hydration capacity had the highest positive direct effect on 100-seed weight (seed size) followed by swelling capacity, seed volume, swelling index and cooking time.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 869-873 Karpagavalli Balasundaram and S Amutha* Department of Food Science and Nutrition, *Department of Human Development, Home Science College and Research Institute (TNAU), Madurai - 625 104, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Aonla (Emblica officinalis) belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and is assigned for various properties in the Ayurveda - an Indian indigenous system of medicine. It is a rich source of ascorbic acid and various other bioactive components when compared to other fruits. The present study involves development of aonla based ready to serve beverage and characterization of its quality and antioxidant potential during storage. The formulated product was evaluated for various physico-chemical attributes like total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, total and reducing sugars; bioactive compounds like ascorbic acid, total polyphenols and total flavonoids; total antioxidant activity using DPPH assay. Instrumental colour and sensory acceptability were also evaluated. The results demonstrated the developed aonla RTS beverage to have high sensory acceptability, along with good content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. The formulated beverage was also characterized by good colour and absence of microbial load. This fruit beverage with immense health benefits could be easily adopted for large scale production by the beverage industry.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 874-876 S G Khandagale, V G Khandagale*, V Sharma***, K Swamy** and Rumana Khan*** Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapetth, Latur - 413 512, Maharashtra, India ***Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur - 313 001, Rajasthan, India *Department of Biotechnology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapetth, Latur, Maharashtra, India **Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur - 313 001, Rajasthan, India Abstract Four cytoplasmic male sterile lines were crossed with four testers in Line × Tester mating design for estimation of heterosis for yield and its component characters in sunflower. Among the sixteen hybrids two crosses CMS-850 A × R-363 and CMS-89-1A × R-351 recorded the highest standard heterosis over check LSFH-35 both for seed yield/plant and oil content (%). The analysis of variance revealed that the parents and hybrids included in the investigation exhibited significant differences between treatments for all the character indicating the presence of considerable amount of variability.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 877-879 Rahul Sharma, N S Bhadoriya, S K Sharma and R K Mathukia Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior Campus, Madhya Pradesh, India Abstract A field experiment was conducted at the Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) to study the bio-efficacy of ethanol extracts of four plant materials viz seed of neem, leaf and seed of datura, leaf of harsingar and flower of chrysanthemum in the three concentrations (0.5, 1.0. and 1.5%) and their interaction were tested against Earias vittella under laboratory conditions. The fruits of okra treated with different plant extracts were kept in jar for egg deposition by E. vittella. On the basis of number of eggs laid by the adults, datura extract showed higher ovipositional deterrent effect against E. vittella, followed by neem seed. The higher concentration of all the tested extracts showed higher ovipositional deterrent effect against the pests than their lower concentration. Antifeedant and growth inhibitory index were assessed by offering the treated fruits to five third instar larvae. The amount of unconsumed food and larval weight were recorded after 48 hours. On the basis of antifeedant index, neem seed extract was found the most effective, followed by datura. Chrysanthemum was not found effective significantly, whereas all the tested plant materials showed their growth inhibitory effect against the pest. Higher concentration of extracts showed higher antifeedant and growth inhibitory effect against the pests.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 880-882 Muttanna and M Shivamurthy Department of Agricultural Extension, University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK), Bangalore - 560 065, Karnataka, India Abstract The present study was conducted in the Gulbarga district of Karnataka State during 2011-12. Total sample for the study was 120 farm women. Significant changes in the perception level of farm women due to changes in the climatic parameters (rainfall and temperature) after the year 2005 when compare to the before the year 2005. The findings revealed that, 71.66 percent of farm women had medium level followed by low (18.34%) and high (10%) level of perception in the changes in rainfall before the year 2005. Majority of farm women (74.16%) had medium level followed by high (24.17%) and low (1.67%) level of perception about changes in the rainfall after the year 2005. The results of the study indicates that, majority (81.66%) of farm women had medium level followed by high (15%) and low (3.34%) level of perception about changes in the temperature before the year 2005. Majority (74.16%) of farm women had medium followed by low (20%) and high (5.84%) level of perception about changes in the temperature after the year 2005.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 883-887 Karam A Elzopy and H T Channal Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India Abstract Field experiments were conducted for two seasons during 2012-2013 at Hi-Tech-Horticulture unit at Agricultural Research Station, Saidapur, UAS, Dharwad (Karnataka). Three drip irrigation regimes (40, 60 and 80% ETc) were based on accumulated pan evaporation (Epan) and three fertigation levels (50, 75 and 100% RDF) in the form of water soluble fertilizer were laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice with one absolute control (drip irrigation at 100% ETc and soil application of 100% RDF in the form of conventional fertilizer). The results indicated that, all drip fertigation treatments recorded significantly higher water use efficiency (WUE), fertilizer use efficiency (FUE), N uptake and yield as compared to drip irrigation with soil applied fertilizers. Irrespective of fertigation levels, FUE, N uptake and yield were not affected significantly when there was reduction in drip irrigation from 80 to 60% ETc. Whereas; the lower values for these characters were recorded with 40% ETc. Similarly, the highest WUE, N uptake and yield were recorded by application of 100% RDF through fertigation which was on par with 75% RDF. Whereas the lower values for these characters were recorded with 50% RDF. The treatment combination of 60% ETc through drip plus 75% recommended NPK through fertigation was sufficient to obtain maximum N uptake and yield. In addition, irrigation at 40% ETc resulted in significantly higher WUE followed by 60% ETc, whereas the lowest WUE was recorded with 80% ETc. Similarly, fertigation at 50% RDF recorded significantly higher FUE followed by 75% RDF, whereas the lowest FUE was recorded with application of 100% RDF.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 888-890 Gudimalla Sandeep Kumar, Y P Venkata Subbaiah and M Mahesh Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract An Investigation was undertaken on carrot var. Kuroda to study the effect of different organics on quality of carrot. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 16 treatments replicated thrice. All the quality parameters were improved significantly with the organic manures over inorganic fertilizers. The highest carotene (5.77 mg 100g-1), TSS (14.37 °Brix), reducing sugars (4.39%), non-reducing sugars (4.66%) and total sugars (9.05%) were recorded with the application of neem cake (75%) + vermicompost (25%) followed by 5.41 mg 100g-1 of carotene, 14.29 °Brix of TSS, 4.28% of reducing sugars , 4.60% of non-reducing sugars and 8.81% of total sugars in groundnut cake (50%) + neem cake (50%). Storage life was maximum (4.33 days) with the application of neem cake (50%) + vermicompost (50%) which was at par with groundnut cake (50%) + neem cake (50%) (4.0 days).
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 891-893 Nataraj Patted, Ashwini Hebbar*, Gouri Yelvattimath, Prakash Mokashi and S Kumar Department of Agri-business Management, *Department of Agricultural Statistics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India Abstract India is the fruit and vegetable basket of the world. India being a home of wide variety of fruits and vegetables holds a unique position in production figures among other countries. Over 90% of India’s exports in fresh products go to west Asia and East European markets. India’s exports of fresh fruit and vegetable have increased to ` 2437.12 crores in 2007-08 which is including the products like fresh onion, walnut, fresh mangos and fresh grapes. Major fruits which are exported from India are mango, banana and pomegranate. United Arab Emirates is the most loyal nation for all major fruits which are being exported from India. There is considerable scope to exploit the advantages of exports by proper planning and development of suitable infra structure facilities in the production centres.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 894-897 M Mahesh, R V S K Reddy and P Saidaiah Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Andhra Pradesh, India e-mail: mahesh.muthineni@gmail.com Abstract An experiment was conducted to study the association between yield and yield related characters in bitter gourd during rabi 2012-13 at Vegetable Research Station, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. Among the different traits studied, number of fruits per vine registered high, significant and positive correlation with fruit yield followed by number of primary branches, days to last fruit harvest, vine length and fruit flesh thickness. Number of fruits per vine exhibited very high positive direct effect on fruit yield followed by average fruit weight. Due weightage should be given to the above attributes at the time of selection of bitter gourd genotypes for realizing better yields in the developed varieties.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 898-901 M B Doddamani, S K Gali, B R Manjith Kumar, H Channappa and Raghavendra N Patgar Department of Environmental Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India Abstract Soils of various sugarcane growing fields were collected where one time land application of treated spentwash of Khashampur village in Bidar district (Karnataka, India) and assessed for nutrient status. Irrespective of soil depth, the soils were neutral (7.09 to 7.98 pH) in nature with high organic carbon content (0.21 to 1.26%). The soils were low to medium in available nitrogen (105 to 273 kg/ha) and high in available potassium (168 to 480 kg/ha).
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 902-906 Shubhangi Jagatap and C V Mali Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani - 413 402, Maharashtra, India Abstract The present study was undertaken with 100 soil samples (0-15 cm) collected from twenty villages (5 samples from each village) in Shirur-Anantpal tahsil of Latur district. The samples were analyzed for physico-chemical properties, available N, P, K and available Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn. The results indicated that the soils were neutral to alkaline in reaction, non-calcareous to highly calcareous in nature and low to high in organic carbon content. All the soil samples were low in available N and P and low to high in available K. The DTPA extractable Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were in the range of 0.67 to 13.41, 0.18 to 1.51, 0.06 to 6.14 and 1.06 to 14.13 mg kg-1, respectively. Available Fe and Zn was recorded deficient in 19 and 61 per cent samples while deficiency of Cu and Mn was recorded in 01 and 13 percent soil samples, respectively. The soil pH showed negative significant correlation with available Cu and Mn. While, it was positively significant with available K in soil. Similarly, EC was positively and significantly correlated with available N. The calcium carbonate showed negative significant correlation with available Cu and Mn.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 907-909 Nataraj Patted, Ashwini Hebbar*, Gouri Yelvattimath, S Kumar and Prakash Mokashi Department of Agri-business Management, *Department of Agricultural Statistics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India Abstract Onion which is considered to be a major as well as important crop of our country and showed an excellent view in area, production and productivity. India which is next to china in production point has to necessarily think in increasing its income through exports. Some of the major importing counties are Bangladesh, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, Sri Lanka and Indonesia. India has too looked over the minor importing countries to be dependent on Indian onions for its consumption. Expansion of area under onion in early kharif, kharif and late kharif may be taken up so that quality onions are available for export on regular basis.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 910-913 A Gowri Devi, A Srinivas and G Uma Department of Agronomy, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2011-12 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) to study the effect of different pre and post-emergence herbicides on “JS 335” soybean (Glycine max L). Among the tested herbicides, the highest seed yield was recorded with combination of imazamox + imazethapyr @ 75 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE, i e 1,622 kg ha-1 and it was significantly on par with 2 hand weedings (1,765 kg ha-1). The highest weed control efficiency and lowest weed biomass were recorded with 2 hand weedings, followed by application of imazamox + imazethapyr @ 75 g a.i. ha-1 as PoE and imazethapyr @ 100 g a.i. ha-1.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 914-916 Vivek Uppar, B Halappa and Anjan Kumar Naik Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted to find out the toxicity of buprofezin 25EC to the egg and adult stage of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii at Biological Control Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during kharif 2012. The toxicity to eggs of T. chilonis showed that the highest adult emergence was noticed in buprofezin 25SC @ 0.015 ml/lit recorded 93.81 percent at 48 hours after treatment followed by buprofezin 25SC @ 0.03 ml/lit buprofezin 25SC @ 0.05 ml/lit and buprofezin 25SC @ 1 ml/lit which showed 92.85, 91.80 and 90.67 percent at 48 hours after treatment. And the lowest adult emergence was noticed in spinosad 45 SC @ 0.2 ml/l noticed 80 percent mortality at 48 hours after treatment. The toxicity on adults were result revealed that a gradual increase in percent adult mortality at different intervals in all the insecticidal treatments. The lowest adult mortality was noticed in buprofezin 25SC @ 0.015 ml/lit which was showed 0.00, 8.33 and 16.67 percent at 12, 24 and 48 hours after treatment respectively, followed by buprofezin 25SC @ 0.03 ml/lit, buprofezin 25SC @ 0.05 ml/lit and buprofezin 25SC @ 1 ml/lit which showed 1.67, 11.67 and 28.63 and 6.67, 18.33 and 32.50 and 11.67, 23.33 and 53.33 percent at 12, 24 and 48 hours after treatment respectively, the highest adult mortality was noticed in spinosad 45SC @ 0.2 ml/lit were showed 13.33, 33.33 and 81.67 at 12, 24 and 48 hours after treatment, respectively.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 917-920 Chidanand Patil and Basavaraj Banakar Department of Department of Agri-Business Management, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India Abstract The present study was conducted to study the interrelationship between spot and futures market prices of wheat and sugar. Secondary data on daily spot and futures prices was collected from website of National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange Limited for the study. The ADF (Augmented Dickey – Fuller Unit root test) values of wheat were found to be -44.36 and -34.46, respectively for futures and spot markets, respectively. The co-integration coefficients were found statistically significant for both the futures and spot markets of wheat with the co-integration coefficient values of -0.015361 and 0.032293, respectively. The ADF values of sugar were found to be -35.64 and -30.45, respectively for futures and spot markets, respectively. The co-integration coefficients were statistically significant for both the futures and spot markets of sugar with the co-integration coefficient values of -0.066356 and 0.032613, respectively.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 921-923 G Vidya, M Padma and M Rajkumar Department of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract An investigation was carried out at the Model Orchard, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during 2011-2012, to investigate the effect of four regimes of planting dates 1st, 15th November and 1st, 15th December on six plant densities of 10 × 5 cm (900 plants/plot), 15 × 5 cm (600 plants/plot), 20 × 5 cm (450 plants/plot), 10 × 7.5 cm (600 plants/plot), 15 × 7.5 cm (400 plants/plot) and 20 × 7.5 cm (300 plants/plot). The results revealed that the early planting on 1st November recorded maximum bulb girth (3.71 cm), size of cloves (2.46 cm length and 1.09 cm girth). According to plant densities the lower density with 300 plants/plot spaced at 20 x 7.5 cm resulted maximum bulb girth (3.70 cm) and size of clove (2.69 cm length and 1.20 cm girth). Percentage of bulbs of large, medium and small showed non significant effect due to dates of planting but significant with densities.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 924-926 C S Shrinivas, A S Channabasavanna and Mallikarjun Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 104, Karnataka, India Abstract A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2012 under irrigated conditions at Agricultural Research Station, Malnoor, Karnataka, to investigate the evaluation of sequential application of herbicides on weed control, growth and yield of maize. The study involves the application of two pre-emergence herbicides atrazine (50 EC), pendimethalin (30 EC) alone and tank mix application and each of these followed by 2, 4-D sodium salt (80 WP), metsulfuron methyl (20 EC) and one hand weeding at 30 DAS. These were compared with farmer’s practice (IC at 20 DAS + HW at 40 DAS), weed free check and weedy check. The results revealed that weed free check and weedy check was recorded significantly highest and lowest nutrient uptake over rest of the treatments. However, tank mix of atrazine + pendimethalin as PRE was recorded higher NPK uptake followed by hand handing twice at 20 and 40 DAS farmer’s practice of IC at 20 DAS + HW at 40 DAS and pendimethalin fb one HW at 30 DAS. However, highest grain yield was recorded in weed free check (5733 kg/ha) followed by tank mix of atrazine + pendimethalin as pre application (5642 kg/ha), atrazine fb 2, 4-D sodium salt (5600 kg/ha) and atrazine fb one hand weeding at 30 DAS (5563 kg/ha) which were on par with each other and stover yield was followed same trend as in grain yield.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 927-929 Mallikarjun, A S Channabasavanna and C S Shrinivas Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 104, Karnataka, India Abstract A field study was conducted during kharif 2011 to evaluate the efficacy of three pre-emergence at 8 DAS and each these herbicides were followed by two post emergent herbicides and hand weeding at 25 DAS under wet seeded rice culture at Agricultural Research Station, Malnoor, Karnataka. Hand weeding thrice, weed free check and unweeded check were maintained for comparison. sequential application butachlor fb bispyribac sodium, 2,4-D sodium salt and hand weeding at 25 DAS recorded higher grain yield and net returns which were on par with weed free check/hand weeding check. Despite of its effectiveness against weeds and scoring higher rice yields, manual weeding was uneconomical primarily due to higher costs involved. Sequential application of butachlor fb bispyribac sodium or 2, 4-D sodium salt or hand weeding at 25 DAS appeared to be a viable strategy for weed control in direct seeded rice with higher grain yield and economic returns.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 930-933 M K Biswas and S B Biswas* Department of Plant Protection, *Department of Agricultural Extension, Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan, Birbhum - 731 235, West Bengal, India Abstract Indigenous knowledge is the knowledge of the indigenous people inhabiting different geographical regions of the world with their own language, culture, tradition, belief, folklore, rites and rituals. It is part of the lives of the rural poor; their livelihood depends almost entirely on specific skills and knowledge essential for their survival. By the interaction with nature and natural resources for food, fodder and fiber for generation after generation, the ancient farmers developed their age-old, ecologically based farming system (Traditional farming system). The present investigation was undertaken with the aim to document some of the indigenous practices followed by traditional farmers to protect their crops and seeds from various pests and diseases before those are lost under the onslaught of development.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 934-937 Shivakumar, Abbas Hussain, S Ashwini Marennanavar and Sidramayya Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 101, Karnataka, India Abstract The bell pepper (Capsicum annum L. Var. Grossum Sendt.) is one of the important vegetable grown in India. An experiment was conducted to find the effect of spacing’s and different levels of fertilizers on growth and yield of bell pepper under shade net condition. The experiment was conducted at Horticulture Garden, Regional Agriculture Research Station, Raichur analyzed by split plot design. There was increase in leaf area index with advancing age of crop and reached the highest value at 90 day after transplanting. Higher chlorophyll content of leaves was noticed in medium spacing S2. Lower chlorophyll content of leaves was recorded in the treatment F1. Higher fruit weight was recorded in wider spacing (45 × 45 cm) because of translocation of available photosynthates to the sink which has increased the weight of individual fruit. Average weight of fruit was maximum in wider spacing S1 at all the stages. Among levels of fertilizer least average weight of fruit was noticed in F1 treatment. Average weight of fruits was maximum at initial stage. Maximum weight of fruit was in F6 treatment. Among interactions, S1 at F6 recorded higher average weight of fruits.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 938-941 S V Bhosale and M P Bhilave Division of Fishery Science, Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416 004, Maharashtra, India Abstract Aquaculture is a swift developing industry in India. Fish farming and aquaculture industries take a part in contributing fish protein to the large Asian population. Fish farming plays important role in foreign exchange earning of the country and employment. Due to constantly growing aquaculture industry, necessity for special feeds was demanded for the production of the nutritional food. Hence, food manufacturers and experts in nutrition concentrated efforts to determine the vast availability of variety of foodstuffs to the feed industry so that production of low cost aquaculture feeds can be done. In the present study an effort has been made to evaluate its effect on the growth performance in terms of the gross conversion efficiency (GCE).
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 942-945 T B Allolli, Soumya Shetty and K H Yashavanthkumar* AlCRP on Tuber Crops, *AICRP on Vegetables Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India Abstract The genetic diversity study in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) was undertaken during the year 2012-13 at the Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, Dharwad (Karnataka). Sweet potato genotypes were analyzed for the genetic diversity using the Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Ninety three different sweet potato genotypes were evaluated for five different characters viz yield per plot, yield ha-1, shoot weight, harvest index and weevil infestation. After analysis, genotypes were grouped into 11 distinct clusters. The cluster II constituted maximum number of (42) genotypes followed by cluster VI with 26 genotypes, cluster V (14 genotypes) and clusters IV, VII, IX, X and XI with single genotype each, respectively. Out of the five characters studied, yield per plot (51.89%) contributed maximum to the diversity followed by shoot weight (31.74%), harvest index (6.71%), weevil infestation (5.42%) and yield ha-1 (4.11%). From the cluster mean analysis, means were scored across the 11 clusters for five characters. The lowest cluster mean was given the 1st rank and the cluster possessing the next best mean was given subsequently, next rank. The cluster IX with an overall score of 19 for the selected characters was given first rank, followed by clusters VII and VIII (2nd rank), cluster XI with 3rd rank, cluster III with 4th rank, cluster IV and V with 5th rank, cluster II with 6th rank, cluster VI with 7th rank followed by cluster X with 8th rank. As cluster IX scored highest for the genotypes with desirable traits, it can be used further in the crop improvement of sweet potato crop.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 946-950 S K Ray ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Nagaland Centre, Nagaland - 797 111, India Abstract A field experiment was conducted during the 2011 and 2012 cropping season, to test the effect of different phosphorus sources (single super phosphate, rock phosphate and combination of single super phosphate and rock phosphate) with or without farm yard manure (FYM) @ 5 ton ha-1, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) @ 10 kg ha-1 and lime @ 1000 kg ha-1, on yield, nutrients uptake, residual nutrients status and economic returns from upland rice (var. local) under sub tropical hill zone in Nagaland (26°01'562 N latitude, 094°15'860 E longitude and 1209 m elevation). Nutrients (NPK) uptake by rice was increased significantly with the application of phosphatic fertilizers, FYM, PSB and lime. A significant positive relationship was observed with residual soil available phosphorus and availability also increased from 9.23 to 25.97 kg ha-1. Application of lime increased soil pH from 4.58 to 5.26, however, with the application of PSB without lime decreased soil pH from 4.58 to 3.98. The combined application of phosphatic fertilizers, FYM, PSB and lime had significant positive influence on yield and yield components of upland rice. The highest rice yield was obtained with the application of recommended NPK, P as SSP with FYM, PSB and lime. Economic analysis of the upland rice reflected higher gross and net returns when phosphorus was applied in combination with FYM, PSB and lime. Therefore, phosphorus P as single super phosphate (50 to 100%) in combination with P as rock phosphate (50 to 0%) in conjunction, FYM, PSB and lime application may be recommended for increasing soil plant available phosphorus and higher upland rice yield under sub tropical hill zone in Nagaland.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 951-954 K R Akshay, M Narayana Swamy*, Yallappa Harijan**, Ganapathi* and Nagaraj Gokavi*** Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, *Department of Crop Improvement and Biotechnology, **Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ***Department of Fruit Science College of Horticulture (University of Agriculture and Horticulture Sciences) Mudigere - 577 132, Karnataka, India Abstract In the present study 80 percent rooting was obtained by favourable growth regulator treatment when raised in an ideal rooting medium under greenhouse conditions. The study pointed out that, among the different growth regulator formulations tried, IBA 1000 ppm formulation helped in better induction of rooting by over 70 percent as against 43.33 percent in the control. The next promotive effect in this regard was by treatment of IBA 500 ppm and NAA 250 ppm which recorded 66.67 and 63.33 percent, respectively. However, use of higher concentration of growth regulators, especially IBA at 1500 ppm and NAA at 1000 ppm and their combination at 1000 ppm adversely affected the rooting of cuttings indicating higher concentrations of growth regulators may become toxic to black pepper cuttings.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 955-958 Venureddy Challa, Alok Tiwari, Laxmi Kashyap, Bharat Lal, K Tedia and V Bachkaiya Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India Abstract An investigation was undertaken on permanent plot after fourteen years of rice cropping on vertisol resulted that the continuous use of farm yard manure, blue green algae and green manure in conjunction with fertilizers increases the physical properties of soil like infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity, mean weight diameter and percent water stable aggregates as well as rice yield, and decreased soil bulk density and crack volume. The 100% NPK + FYM resulted highest infiltration rate (8 mm/hr), hydraulic conductivity (1.11 cm/hr) and percent water stable aggregates (48.56). Mean weight diameter highest in 50% NPK + GM (2.093 mm) followed by 100% NPK + FYM (2.051 mm) and lowest in control (1.302 mm). 100% NPK + FYM treatment resulted in lowest bulk density (1.29 Mg/m3) and crack volume (625.73 cm3/m2) as compared to other treatments. The grain and straw yield of rice were higher in where 150% RDF (5065 and 7075 kg/ha) followed by 100% NPK + FYM (4855 and 6565 kg/ha). The results suggest that integrated use of inorganic in combination with organic facilitates optimum soil physical environment for higher crop productivity.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 959-961 S Poonguzhali and S Kanagarasu* Department of Seed Science and Technology, *Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Studies were conducted with groundnut cultivars viz TMV 13 and VRI 6 with the objective of differentiating groundnut cultivars based on geometry of seed using image analysis technique, among the key characters observed through image analysis revealed that cultivars showed wider variation for CMRV (Correlation of the average radial and radial variance - 351 in TMV 13 and 426 in VRI 6) based on this result it is evident that CMRV is key character for varietal identification and differences in qualitative characters of seed and pod were also showed significant results among the cultivars.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 962-964 Sheetal Tatpurkar, V V Gabhane and Pushpa Barange Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola - 444 104, Maharashtra, India Abstract Pod and haulm yield of groundnut was significantly influenced by different treatment over control. Maximum pod and haulm yield (20.95 and 37.87 q ha-1) was recorded by the 150% RDF (37.5:75:37.5 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) followed by integrated use of 5 t FYM ha-1 + 50% RDF + Neem Cake 500 kg ha-1 + Bio-fertilizers (18.79 and 37.03 Kg ha-1) and the lowest being control (10.98 and 27.46 Kg ha-1) regarding quality parameter such as crude protein content in groundnut kernels influenced significantly among various nutrient sources in comparison to control. Among the different combination treatment the highest oil content was recorded by the 150% RDF (37.5:75:37.5 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) and 5 t FYM ha-1 + 50% RDF + Neem cake (NC) 500 Kg ha-1 + Bio-fertilizer (BF). The highest nutrient uptake was recorded in 150% RDF and found on par with 5t FYM ha-1 + 50% RDF + NC + BF uptake (72.93, 7.35, 16.70 and 62.08, 6.65, 50.73 kg ha-1) in pod and haulm, respectively. The soil fertility was also improved due to integration of various organic and inorganic sources.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 965-967 Nataraj Patted, Ashwini Hebbar*, Gouri Yelvattimath, Prakash Mokashi and S Kumar Department of Agri-business Management, *Department of Agricultural Statistics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India Abstract Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in the world grown over an area of 132 million hectare with a production of 570 metric tonnes. It is the crop with the highest per day productivity. In India, maize is next in important only to rice and has an acreage around 6m.ha with a production of 10.5 metric tonnes. For Indian maize Taiwan and Bangladesh are depended which have retained major share of its imports from India. The growth of the maize in area, production and productivity has been in a positive rate with an increasing rate. Indian government should necessarily act upon the good rapport and strengthen the relationship in trade. The water in which the maize grains are soaked for the manufacture of glucose is used for growing penicillin moulds. Maize which is being imported from India is used for food, feed as well as industrial purpose too.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 968-971 K B Anjali, G K Seetharamu and K R Akshay Department of Floriculture and Landscaping Architecture, Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, P/G Centre, GKVK, Bangalore - 560 065, Karnataka, India Abstract An experiment effect of GA3 on anthurium (Anthurium andreanum Lind.) under shade net was carried out at Floriculture Section, RHREC, Bangalore during 2012-2013. Among the treatments maximum plant height (64.87 cm), number of leaves (6.56), plant spread (53.57 cm), leaf area (724.10 cm2), number of suckers (0.17), stalk length (48.59 cm), spathe length (12.61 cm), spathe width (9.15 cm), flower yield per plant (3.25 numbers) and vase life (15.53 days) were recorded in treatment GA3 600 ppm. However, control treatment recorded minimum result. Among the varieties maximum plant height (68.92 cm), leaf area (764.0 cm2), stalk length (52.24 cm), spathe length (12.74 cm) and vase life (16.53 days) were recorded by var. Xavia. Var. Acropolis noticed for highest number of leaves per plant (6.79) and spathe width (10.27 cm). Maximum plant spread (58.61 cm) and flower yield per plant (2.49 numbers) were recorded by var. Tropical. However, var. fire showed inferior characters.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 972-975 T K Samant, A Mishra and D Panigrahi Krishi Vigyan Kendra (OUAT), At-Panchamahala, P/O: Hulurisingha, District Angul - 759 132, Odisha, India Abstract A farmers’ participatory field trial was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield parameters of rice hybrids at Karnapal village of Chhendipada block in Angul district of Odisha with the financial support from ATMA during rabi season of 2011-12 and 2012-13. The treatments were consisted of six different hybrids and high yielding rice varieties viz Arize 6129 (hybrid), Suruchi 5629 (hybrid), Sahyadri 4 (hybrid), KRH 2 (Hybrid), DRRH 2 (hybrid) and MTU 1001 (HYV). Among different varieties of hybrid rice, Arize 6129 was with maximum grain yield (60.25 q ha-1), harvest index (47.71%), effective tillers per plant (13.5), grains per panicle (165.5), leaf area index (6.75), crop growth rate (6.42 to 33.0 g m-2day-1), relative growth rate (0.0344 to 0.0832 g g-1 day-1) and net return (` 37550 ha-1) was found to be most suitable. Hence the existing high yielding rice variety MTU 1001 can be replaced by hybrid rice Arize 6129 since it fits to the existing farming situation for higher productivity and income.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 976-978 B Jaipal Singh, K Ravichandra* and Gautam Ghosh Department of Agronomy, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad - 211 007, Uttar Pradesh, India *Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, NTRCVSc, Gannavaram -521102, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Allahabad School of Agriculture, India, during the rabi season 2011-12. The chickpea variety ‘Pragathi’ was tested against application of zinc (10 kg ha-1, 20 kg ha-1 and 30 kg ha-1), Rhizobium and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria in 12 different combinations to study the response of chickpea. Crop characters like number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds per pod, dry weight per plant and biological yield were positively and significantly correlated with grain yield. Number of pods per plant alone could be able to influence the grain yield of chickpea to the extent of 92 percent followed by dry weight at harvest (91%) and biological yield per ha (85%) as reflected from their respective R2 values. The maximum gross realization (` 1, 28,203) was observed with the treatment T10 (Application of zinc at 20 kg ha-1 along with Rhizobium inoculation of seed) maximum net return (` 94,538) was also recorded with the same treatment.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 979-981 Laxmi Kashyap, Alok Tiwari, Venureddy Challa, Bharat Lal, V Bachkaiya and V Samadhiya Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India Abstract Field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2013-2014 to investigate the effect of different integrated nutrient management practices on soil properties and yield of cauliflower. The 50% recommended dose of nutrient (RDN) + vermicompost-A 5 t ha-1 had recorded highest available N (259 kg/ha), K (400 kg/ha), organic carbon (0.63%) and lowest in control plots. Available P was observed highest (35.35 kg/ha) in 100% RDN followed by 50% RDN + vermicompost-A 5 t ha-1 (34.44 kg/ha) and lowest in control (13.60 kg/ha) plots. The yield of cauliflower was maximum in 50% RDN + vermicompost-A 5 t ha-1 (5817 kg/ha) followed by 100% RDN (5716 kg/ha) and minimum in omission of inorganic and organics i e absolute control (1667 kg/ha). The results suggest that integrated use of inorganic combination with vermicompost facilitates optimum soil chemical environment which reflects on yield of cauliflower.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 982-985 Sunil A Satyareddi, P Devasenapathy* and C Chinnusamy* Department of Agronomy, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India *Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Field experiment was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore to study the effect of non chemical weed management practices on weed characteristics, yield and quality in organically grown sunflower with 12 treatments. The results revealed that the lower total weed density and group wise (grasses, sedges and broad leaved weeds) and weed dry weight at harvest was recorded with hand weeding twice at 25 DAS and 45 DAS. This treatment also recorded highest seed yield (1250 kg ha-1), oil yield (488.8 kg ha-1) and protein yield (1027.8 kg ha-1). Corresponding treatment also resulted in significantly higher WCE (75.6%) and lower WI (5.8%). However, it was on par with manually operated weeder at 25 DAS followed by hand weeding at 45 DAS.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 986-991 S Kanagarasu Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 642 003, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract An investigation was carried out to estimate the combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield related traits in maize hybrids synthesized by adapting line × tester design with twenty four lines and three testers. The variance due to SCA was higher than GCA indicating the predominance of non-additive type of gene action in the governance of studied traits. The lines viz UMI 1093, UMI 1044-7, UMI 1029-5 and UMI 2244-1 and the testers viz UMI 61 and UMI 1119 was found as the best general combiners with better performance for most of the yield contributing traits. Among the hybrids, UMI 1044-7 × UMI 61 and UMI1093 × UMI61 was identified as superior as it recorded high magnitude of per se performance, significant positive SCA effects and standard heterosis for grain yield, while UMI 2128-1 × UMI1119 was identified as best hybrid for earliness. The crosses, UMI 1044-7 × UMI 61, UMI 1093 × UMI 61 and UMI 2128-1 × UMI 1119 involving parents of positive and significant gca effects and high heterosis for grain yield can be exploited further after testing across locations and environments to ascertain their yield stability. From the study it was evident that the single cross hybrids synthesised by using exotic (CIMMYT) lines as females will improve cob and grain traits in domestic maize hybrids.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 992-995 G Srasvan Kumar, D R Thakare, S M Nage and A Rama Devi Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Nagpur - 440 001, Maharashtra, India Abstract The present studies were conducted in the laboratory at 26.5C temperature and 65.5% RH at College of Agriculture, Nagpur during the year 2012-13. The feeding potential and larval period of Chrysoperla carnea when larvae fed with nymphs of brinjal aphid, cowpea aphid, gaillardia aphid, safflower aphid, rose aphid, 1st instar of cotton mealybug, neonates of semilooper and eggs of C. cephalonica were recorded as 285.84, 189.73, 278.16, 325.06, 266.396, 619.85, 363.00 and 702.88 numbers, respectively and 10.65, 9.12, 10.43, 9.99, 10.56, 10.18, 11.88 and 8.74 days, respectively. Among the treatments, maximum and minimum feeding potential of Chrysoperla carnea was recorded on eggs of Corcyra and nymphs of cowpea aphid then maximum and minimum larval duration on neonates of semilooper and eggs of Corcyra.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 996-999 Yadav Santosh Shivappa, Pushpalatha, K S Siddarudh and T A Malabasari Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India Abstract A field experiment was carried out at the Hi-tech Horticulture Unit, Saidapur Farm, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2012-2013. There were two growing conditions viz open field (G1) and shade house (G2) condition with four levels of spacings viz S1: 120 x 60 cm, S2: 120 x 75 cm, S3: 120 x 90 cm, S4: 150 x 100 cm. These 8 treatment combinations were laid out in two factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that the growth parameters like plant height (463.3 cm), number of branches per plant (30.58), number of leaves per plant (158.6), leaf area (73.72) and leaf area index (0.74) and yield parameters like number of fruits per plant (24.16), seed yield per plant (102.3 g) and seed yield per hectare (1021.2 kg) significantly higher under shade house compare to open field condition. Among the different spacing tried, the wider spacing of 120 x 90 cm (S3) recorded significantly more number of branches per plant (26.17), number of leaves per plant (155.67), leaf area (72.17) and leaf area index and yield parameters like number of fruits per plant (21.6), seed yield per plant (112.8 g) and seed yield per hectare (1044.4 kg).
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1000-1002 Rakesh Giri Goswami, V N Mishra and L K Srivastava Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India Abstract Evaluation of available sulphur status of a study area is an important aspect in context of sustainable production. The grid based three hundred therity six surface (0-15 cm depth) soil samples from Bemetara Chhattisgarh were collected using global positioning system (GPS), were analyzed to assess the status of available S and their relationship with some physico-chemical properties of soil. Results revealed that the available S varied from 5.04 to 96.32 kg ha-1 with an average 40.65 kg ha-1. The soil samples tested and observed that the low S content were 13.33, medium 18.95 and high S content were 67.89 percent of total sample. Total sample each from low, medium and high S categories was analyzed for some selected soil properties like soil pH and OC. Among the soil properties pH showed positive correlation while OC showed negative correlation with available S. Soil nutrient index of the Bemetara were found in high fertility classes for available S, respectively.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1003-1008 Pallabi Das, Dinesh Kachhawa and D K Saikia Department of Entomology, Assam Agriculture University, Johrat - 785 013, Assam, India Abstract Studies on population dynamics of tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora) Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae) were carried that the highest tea mosquito bug population (39.60/3 shoot) in PIM was recorded in July, 2011 and lowest (6.25/3 shoot) was during March, 2012. Population build up of H. theivora showed significant positive correlation with the maximum (r = 0.824) and minimum (r = 0.753) temperature, evening relative humidity (r = 0.677) and number of rainy days (r = 0.656). Multiple regression analysis of tea mosquito bug with different weather parameters showed 95.50 (100R2 = 95.50) variation in population in PIM. A natural enemy of tea mosquito bug is Oxypus sp. also showed significant positive correlation with tea mosquito bug population. The correlation of Oxyopes sp. with those of weather parameters showed that temperature (maximum and minimum), relative humidity (evening), total rainfall (mm) and number of rainy days had significant positive relation with the population of lynx spider (Oxyopes sp.). Whereas, relative humidity (morning) and BSSH showed non-significant relation with Oxyopes sp.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1009-1011 Vandana Shukla, Payal Devi*, Tripti Nayak** and S K Singh Department of Plant Pathology, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad - 224 229, India *Department of Entomology, **Department of Soil Science, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India Abstract Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus and Moore is one of the major diseases of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). The disease has become one of the major constraints for mungbean cultivation. The effect of temperature and pH on the mycelia growth, sporulation and spore germination of Colletotrichum truncatum were studied in laboratory condition. C. truncatum isolated from infected mungbean leaves was grown in Petri plates maintained at various temperature (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C) and in flask maintained at various pH (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0) levels. Physiological studies revealed that the optimum range of temperature and pH for the growth and sporulation of fungus were 25°C to 30°C and 5.5 to 7.0, respectively. Maximum fungal growth and sporulation of C. truncatum were recorded at 30°C (80.41 mm) followed by 25°C (79.49 mm) while it was minimum at 40°C (19.49 mm). Maximum dry weight of mycelium and sporulation was recorded at 6.5 pH (104.27 mg) followed by 6.0 (94.53 mg) while it was least at 8.0 pH (48.45 mg). However, optimum growth of fungus was also observed at pH of 5.5 to 7.0.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1012-1016 K Manjunatha Chari, M V Ravi, B M Madhu, K Narayan Rao and R V Beladhadi Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 102, Karnataka, India Abstract An experiment was conducted during kharif 2011-12 to study the effect of enriched manures in soil parameters and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in black soil. The study consist of three enriched cotton stalk composts prepared during 2010-11 and applied to soil in comparison with control (FYM) (6 t ha-1) with levels of 50 and 100% RDF. The highest yield of sunflower obtained with application of all additives enriched compost (C6) with NPK maximized yields of sunflower by increasing head diameter and also uptake as compare to other including control. The post harvest organic carbon and available major NPK content of soil significantly improved with the use of enriched composts. The uptake of nutrients (NPK) was high in the treatment receiving enriched composts compare to other including control treatments.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1017-1020 G Sreenivas, C Cheralu* and K Rukmani Devi** Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College (ANGRAU), Aswaraopet, Andhra Pradesh, India *ADR Regional Agricultural Research Station (ANGRAU), Warangal, Telangana, India **Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal, Telangana, India Abstract Heterosis in rice was studied for yield and quality traits in 24 hybrids generated by crossing of six lines and four testers. Relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were estimated for yield and quality characters. The high manifestation of heterosis was observed in seven crosses Samba Mahsuri × Jagtial Samba, Akshayadhan × JGL-11727, Surekha × Ramappa, Samba Mahsuri × Ramappa, Warangal Samba × Jagtial Samba, Warangal Samba × Ramappa and Akshayadhan × Early Samba for grain yield. The maximum expression of heterosis (79.21%), heterobeltiosis (70.59%) and standard heterosis (88.76%) for grain yield per plant were observed in cross Samba Mahsuri × Jagtial Samba. The hybrids Samba Mahsuri × Jagtial Samba and Warangal Samba × Ramappa performed well for grain yield combined with several grain quality traits viz milling percentage, kernel length, L/B ratio, kernel length after cooking and kernel elongation ratio, so these promising cross combinations can be further used.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1021-1024 Bikash Sarkar, Prem Kumar Sundaram, Surajit Mondal, Ujjwal Kumar, A Abdul Haris and B P Bhatt ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Indian Council of Agricultural research (ICAR) Parisar, P/O: B. V. College, Patna - 800 014, Bihar, India Abstract A comparative study was made for the storage of tomato fruits inside the zero energy cool chamber (ZECC) and in ambient condition for their weight loss, changes pH levels, TSS and firmness. The ZECC does not require mechanical or electrical energy input and can be constructed with locally available material by unskilled labour. Hourly temperature and relative humidity were recorded inside and outside the chamber for a particular day. The results revealed that inside temperature was about 1.57 - 11.68°C (ΔT = 4.29°C) lower than outside temperature and inside humidity was about 24.08 - 68.73% higher than outside. Physiological loss in weight (PLW) was faster for fruits stored at ambient temperature. Weight loss during the storage at ambient temperature was 6.41% as compared to 4.9% in ZECC. The TSS of tomatoes increased from 4.20 to 5.20% at ambient temperature after 5 days of storage and from 4.10 to 4.90% at ZECC after 9 days of storage inside the ZECC. pH value during 9 days of storage at ZECC slowly increased, ranging from 4.15 to 4.41, butin case of outside the same was 4.19 to 4.34 after 5 days. The ZECC stored tomatoes maintain more uniform colour and firmness than outside stored one. The higher firmness of fruits inside the ZECC was likely due to lower temperature and higher humidity maintained inside the environment.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1025-1027 R B Jolli, A S Sajjan and S S Karbantanal Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Post Box No. 18, Bijapur - 586 101, Karnataka, India Abstract Pigeonpea is a tropical crop predominantly grown in India during the kharif season. The field experiment was conducted at RARS, Bijapur, Karnataka states during 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 in medium black soil. The experiment consisting of 5 treatments with three replications in a randomized complete block design. The results revealed that the seed yield 12.66 q/ha was recorded with integrated (50% organic + 50% inorganic N/P) followed by fully organic 100% (11.37 q/ha) and lowest seed yield was recorded in RDF + organic manures (9.67 q/ha). The seed quality parameters did not influenced by organic and inorganic fertilizers. However, there is gradual improvement in the seed quality parameters from 2009-10 to and 2011-12.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1028-1030 P Sumathi and N Kumari Vinodhana* Department of Millets, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India *Department of Crop Improvement, Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Five male sterile lines were crossed with eleven testers and the resultant fifty five hybrids were utilized for correlation and path analysis studies. Grain yield per plant was found to be positively and significantly correlated with plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, earhead length, earhead girth, earhead weight, grain yield per earhead, stover yield per plant at genotypic level. This indicated the importance of plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, earhead length, earhead girth, earhead weight, grain yield per earhead, stover yield per plant in influencing the grain yield in pearl millet. The characters, grain yield per earhead and number of productive tillers per plant exerted maximum direct effect on grain yield per plant indicating its importance in determining grain yield per plant, and also stover yield per plant. Earhead girth and number of leaves per plant exerted direct effect on grain yield per plant. Selection based on these characters may be helpful in planning efficient breeding programme.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1031-1033 Koteshi Lamani, D S Uppar and M I Jamadar Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India Abstract A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2012 at the Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to investigate the effect of integrated nutrient management on plant growth, seed yield and quality of cowpea. It comprised of nine treatments with three replications laid out in randomized block design. The results revealed that, the application of 25:50:25 kg NPK ha-1 + VC @ 2 t ha-1 + seed treatment with Rhizobium 500 g ha-1 recorded better plant growth viz plant height (37.22 cm), number of nodules per plant (27.61), dry weight of nodules per plant (356.50 mg), days to pod initiation (57.37) and chlorophyll content (60.22) at 60 days after sowing and significantly higher seed yield (1280 kg/ha). The higher seed yield was attributed to higher number of pods per plant (14.17), pod length (20.87 cm), number of seeds per pod (14.80), pod weight per plant (27.11 g), seed yield per plant (8.64 g) and seed yield per plot (0.57 kg) and it was on par with 25:50:25 kg NPK ha-1 + FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + seed treatment with Rhizobium 500 g ha-1, whereas the lowest in 25:50:25 kg NPK ha-1.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1034-1036 Ashwarya Tandon, V S Thrimurty* and N Khare* Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Janjgir - 495 668, Champa, Chhattisgarh, India *Department of Plant Pathology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 006, Chhattisgarh, India Abstract Present study was done for the influence on nitrogen on resistance genes and bacterial blight development of rice under Chhattisgarh condition during kharif and rabi season in two years. Three rice genotypes- IRBB-4 (Xa 4), IRBB-5 (Xa 5) and IRBB-21 (Xa 12) with four levels of nitrogen (N0, N40, N80 and N120) were taken as treatments. Nitrogen levels were applied thirty five days after planting. When the plants were at maximum tillering stage, they were clip inoculated with bacterial inoculum. Observations were recorded from 7th day onwards at an interval of 7 days for a period of 21 days i e three observations. Yield (kg plot-1) was estimated (bundle weight and grain weight) after harvesting. All the three genotypes differed significantly and the interaction between genotypes and nitrogen levels were also significant. IRBB-21 (Xa 21) showed significantly superior or resistant as compare to the other genotypes IRBB-4 (Xa 4) and IRBB-5 (Xa 5). There was a progressive increasing trend as the days after inoculation increases in all the three genotypes. Minimum percent disease development was recorded in V1N1 (1.13%) and maximum percent disease severity was recorded in V2N4 (37.03%).
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1037-1039 B P Bhadauria, M Nadeem Akhtar, Rashmi Tewari and N W Zaidi* Department of Plant Pathology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263 145, Uttarakhand, India *NASC Complex international Rice Research Institute, New Delhi - 120 011, India Abstract The study were carried out under laboratory condition during 2011-2012 in Bio-control Laboratory, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand to determine the bio efficacy of different dose/concentration of Beauveria bassiana against different age group larvae of Helicoverpa armigera. Mortality of Helicoverpa armigera in all age group larvae (2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 old days) were recorded with five concentrations (1 × 109, 1 × 108, 1 × 107, 1 × 106 and 1 × 105) of Beauveria bassiana. Maximum mortality (100%) were observed with 2nd and 4th day old larvae followed by 90.4%, 84.0% and 78.33% 6, 8 and 12 day old larvae. It was also observed that with increase in the age of larva, the mortality decreases, whereas early instars were found to be more susceptible to the B. bassiana infection. LC50¬ and LT50 values also increased with the advancing age of larva, indicating lower susceptibility of older larva than young larva.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1040-1042 S J Imamsaheb and C N Hanchinmani Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Bidar - 585 403, Karnataka, India Abstract The field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture Bidar, during the year 2013-2014 to know the effect of different levels of fertilizer (50, 75, 100 percent recommended NPK and control) and genotypes (Jaipur long, JPL and Padmini) on growth, yield and economics of ridge gourd genotypes. It was revealed that significantly higher fruit yield per hectare was obtained under fertilizer level F2 (75% recommended NPK) (9.52 t/ha) followed by F1 (100% recommended NPK) (8.94 t/ha). The lowest yield per hectare was recorded in F4 (control) (6.41 t/ha). Significantly higher fruit yield per hectare (8.36 t/ha) was recorded in V¬3 (Padmini) followed by V¬1 (Jaipur long) (8.25 t/ha). The study showed that V1F2 obtained net income (` 54845.679/ha), gross income (` .99845.679/ha). Higher B:C ratio (2.22) was recorded in the treatment V1F2. Whereas, lower B:C ratio (1.39) was recorded in the treatment V1F4.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1043-1046 K S Aditya, T N Prakash Kammardi, R Kiran Kumar, R Patil and H K Pavithra Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK), Bangaluru - 560 005, Karnataka, India Abstract Arecanut being the pivotal component of Integrated farming systems in Southern Karnataka determines the fate and fortunes of farmers. It is imperative to assess the magnitude and stability of farm income which has profound influence on livelihood and economic security of farmers. Hazel’s decomposition analysis has been employed for cross section data on arecanut production and prices at meso level to assess the stability in farm income. The outcome of the study indicated that magnitude of farm income from arecanut was on lower side due to high cost of cultivation. The net returns from arecanut was small as price did not increased proportionately enough to cover the high cost on account of inflationary tendency of all cost items. Considering the small size holdings and perennial nature of arecanut, the income accruing is no way sufficient. Further returns were found to be unstable too. The outcome of Hazell decomposition indicated the decline in gross returns in all of the study area except Tumkur, despite increase in the production of arecanut over time but due to fall in its real prices. Further change in average production was identified as the major source of instability of gross returns from arecanut in the case of Shimoga and Tumkur.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1047-1050 G Naga Bharani, P Sivasubramanian and M Samchelladurai Department of Entomology, Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture (TNAU), Manakkadavu, Pollachi - 642 103, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Field studies were carried out to evaluate efficacy of biopesticides viz HaNPV (500 LE/ha), Bt (4 ml/lit) and novel insecticides viz Emamectin benzoate 5SG (11 g.a.i./ha), Spinosad 45SC (80 g.a.i./ha) against the fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub. and safety of biopesticides and novel insecticides against predatory spiders in tomato ecosystem. Results showed that among different treatments combination of Emamectin benzoate 5SG (11 g.a.i./ha) + Spinosad 45SC (80 g.a.i./ha) and Emamectin benzoate 5SG (11 g.a.i./ha) with lowest percent fruit infestation of 3.11 and 3.40 and highest yield of 326.43 and 321.62 q/ha were recorded, respectively followed by spinosad 45SC recorded 4.67 percent fruit infestation and 300.68 q/ha yield. While among the biopesticides combination of HaNPV + Bt (6.48%) followed by HaNPV (8.15%) and Bt (10.13 percent fruit infestation) with mean fruit yield of 284.15, 277.80 and 261.24 q/ha were obtained, respectively. Biopesticides and emamectin benzoate 5SG was found safer to spiders in tomato ecosystem.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1051-1054 Santosh Balikai, N M Kerur and Shreeshail Rudrapur* Department of Agri Business Management, *Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka Abstract The study revealed that in the month of April 2002 the transportation cost for a liter was 0.72 paisa and at the end of the year it found 0.75 paisa, increase of 0.03 paisa with a growth rate of 0.79 percent per annum. The highest seasonal indices were observed during the month of November (115.47) and the lowest seasonal indices for the procurement of milk was observed during the month of May (86.95). In 2002 the DCSs price was ` 13.65 per liter and it was ` 23.85 in 2011. It has increased over the study period at the rate of 6.41 percent per annum. The market price of BEMUL milk products in Goa were more compared to Belgaum. The major market for Nandini milk and its products was in Belgaum and Goa. The revenue from liquid milk sale and its products varied between the years 2002-2011. This is mainly because people in Belgaum depending on agriculture are more and also irrigated cultivable land is more, this accounts for more production of milk. The revenue from milk derived products has followed an increasing trend from 2002 to 2011.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1055-1058 Mithun P Kudachi, A Bheemappa, Shreeshail Rudrapur* and Anil Biradar Department of Agricultural Extension Education, *Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India Abstract The study conducted during 2012-2013 in Haveri and Dharwad districts of Karnataka state wherein Sujala watershed project was implemented during 2001 to 2007. The results revealed that more number of beneficiaries belongs to middle age (42.50%) and young age (25.00%). Among them beneficiaries possessed higher secondary school education (12.50%) and graduation (7.50%) as compared to non-beneficiaries (7.50 and 3.75%, respectively). Nuclear type of family was observed with majority of beneficiaries (70.00%) than non-beneficiaries (57.50%) and more number of beneficiaries (33.75%) were observed to have high family annual income (more than ` 1, 15, 212), as compared to non-beneficiaries (12.50%). Adoption practices show that high percent of beneficiaries were noticed in high and medium adoption category (43.75% and 40.00%, respectively) as compared to non-beneficiaries (20.00% and 27.50%, respectively).
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1059-1063 Anil Biradar, S S Dolli, Shreeshail Rudrapur* and Mithun P Kudachi Department of Agricultural Extension Education, *Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India Abstract The study conducted revealed that, high proportion of all farmers in all the categories of farmers in Bijapur (65.28%) and Chitradurga district (58.33%) were belonged to middle age (35-40 years) group. The distribution of respondents according to family expenditure showed that, over eighty percent of farm families in all the categories in both the districts were having low family expenditure of less than ` 50,000 per annum. The results indicated that, the training participation was observed comparatively higher in Chitradurga district than Bijapur district. It was noticed that, Chitradurga district farmers (36.11%) were having higher research extension linkage than Bijapur district (30.56%). There was higher decision making pattern in Chitradurga district (51.39%) than Bijapur district (38.89%), which means the collective decisions were taken by farm families in Chitradurga district. The overall knowledge level of both the district about the soil and water resource management was 70.86 percent.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1064-1066 Rajendragouda Patil, J R Diwan, M B Boranayaka and S Dikshit Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences Raichur - 584 104, Karnataka, India Abstract The associations among seed and seedling components, and their direct and indirect influence on the grain yield of rice were investigated. For this purpose, 60 rice genotypes were studied in a randomized complete block experiment design with three replications at the ARS, Siruguppa in kharif 2011-2012. The phenotypic correlations among the traits and their path coefficient were estimated. Grain yield was significantly positively correlated phenotypically with its component of seed and seedling characters like the grain length and L/B ratio and negatively correlated with shoot length at 14th DAS and vigor index. In case of path analysis root length at 10th DAS has maximum direct positive effect on grain yield fallows vigor index, where as shoot length at 14th DAS has maximum direct negative effect on grain yield fallows seedling dry weight. The improvement in grain yield will be efficient, if the selection is based on the grain length, L/B ratio, grain length, grain width and vigor index. These traits may also be utilized for pure line selection in later generations.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1067-1068 C N Hanchinmani, S J Imamsaheb and M G Patil Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Halladkari Farm, Hyderabad Road, Bidar - 585 403, Karnataka, India Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 102, Karnataka, India Abstract The field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, Halladkari Farm, Bidar (Karnataka) during the year 2013-14, to evaluate different genotypes for their yield and economics under Bidar condition. The study revealed that the genotype Arka Sujata has recorded significantly higher yield of 14.44 tonnes per hectare, over other genotypes, while the genotype RG/JL/5/12 has recorded significantly lower yield of 10.50 tonnes per hectare and for days to 50 percent flowering the genotype Arka Sujata has shown significantly early flowering 39.67 days followed by other genotypes, where as genotypes Arka Sumeet found to be on par with Arka Sujata. The study showed that maximum net return of ` 59057 per hectare and gross returns of ` 101057 per hectare and higher B:C ratio (2.4) was recorded in Arka Sujata.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1069-1070 Vijay Laxmi Rai and Poonam Srivastava Department of Entomology, Govind Ballab Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263 145, Uttarakhand, India Abstract The present investigation was carried out on a Litchi Cv. ‘Rose Scented’ at Horticulture Research Centre, Patharchatta, (Uttarakhand). The maximum infestation was recorded in month of July which ranged from 34.33 to 44.00 percent upon young leaves of new flush then infestation decreased gradually in the month of August with minimum 14.00 percent thereafter it was slightly increased in first and second week of September. The results of the studies would give us a better understanding about the seasonal occurrence of the pest throughout the year, which will be of high significance, while devising integrated management strategy for this pest.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1071-1072 R B Patil Department of Botany, Shankarrao Chavan Mahavidyalaya, Ardhapur - 431407, District Nanded, Maharashtra, India Abstract A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of potassium humate (salt of humic acid) on metabolic changes in seedling of Glycine max cv Mahamendal. Seeds were sown on potassium humate (1.0%) solution moistened blotters in Petri dishes (for control water was used). For the study of metabolic changes as regards to starch, free amino acids and proteins from seedlings were noted on 5th, 10th and 15th day after sowing. Results are expressed in terms of mg/100 gm of fresh weight (for starch and free amino acids) and mg/gm of fresh weight (proteins). Results obtained during this investigation clearly indicated that potassium humate treated seed showed significantly increased metabolic changes of soybean seeds than control seeds.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1073-1074 Surya Prakash Gupta and S P Singh Department of Entomology, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur - 848 125, Bihar, India Abstract Laboratory experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of household processing like simple washing on reduction of pesticides residue on brinjal fruits. Simple washing of treated brinjal fruits with tap water removed insecticide residue in significant amount. The per cent removal of insecticide residues were to the extent of 25.23-36.20 percent in imidacloprid and in lambda-cyhalothrin, the reduction in residue was 28.57-42.75 percent.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1075-1076 S P Kiran, R Paramesh, G K Nishanth* and B Niranjana Kumara* Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK), Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, India *Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Shimoga - 577 225, Karnataka, India Abstract A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of seed pelleting on crop growth, seed yield and quality in sunflower hybrid KBSH-53 (Helianthus annus L.) at Department of Seed Science and Technology, UAS (GKVK) Bangalore during kharif 2012 with three replication and sixteen treatment combinations. The results indicated that highest gross returns was registered in T1B1 (` 51438.33), which was on par with T1B2 an (` 49046.67) the gross return, was lowest in control (` 36318.33). Net returns also differed significantly due to treatments. Highest net return was registered in T1B1 (` 26888.35), which was on par with T1B2 (` 24372.40), net returns was lowest in control (12028.33). The benefit cost ratio differed significantly due to treatments. Highest benefit cost ratio was registered in T1B1 (2.09), but it was on par with T1B2 (1.98), T2B2 (1.92).the benefit cost ratio was lowest in control (1.49).
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1077-1078 Kunj Lata Verma and K P Verma Department of Plant Pathology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalay Raipur - 492 006, Chhattisgarh, India Abstract Trichoderma viride was not effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Choanephora infundibulifera. Out of 66 varieties of soybean screened, 7 varieties showed absolutely resistance 43 were highly resistance and 16 were found moderately resistance.
Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol : 5 - Issue : 5 ; 1079-1080 K C Kiran, P Sivasubramanian, Shrikant, Bandeppa* and Tejusing** Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India *Department of Entomology, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India **Department of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India Abstract The pot culture experiment was done during the period of 2010-11 in TNAU, Coimbatore. Results revealed that, the plant receiving NPK, FYM, neem cake, biofertilizers, vermicompost and SSB were less preferred by the BPH for feeding. The application of organic nutrition resulted in the reduced percent of nymphal survivility, reduced fecundity, reduced population build-up and reduced adult longevity. This has confirmed the mechanisms of induced resistance in terms of antibiosis.