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P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.56

Volume - 5 - November-December 2014

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1081-1083
P P Mishra, A K Das* and N Mishra
Department of Vegetable Science, *Department of Fruit Science and Horticulture Technology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar during rabi 2012-13. The experiment comprised of 11 treatments replicated three times in a randomized block design. Of the eleven treatments seven comprised of 100% NPK with or without organic nutrient supplements, two treatments with 50% NPK + organic nutrient supplements, one treatment with no nutrients (T1 - control) and one treatment with only bio-fertilizers. The T7 which comprised of 100% NPK (@ 150-38-63 kg NPK ha-1) application along with vermicompost (@ 2.5 t ha-1), bio-fertilizer @ 2 kg ha-1 each of Azotobacter, Azospirillumand PSB) recorded significantly higher values for plant height, weight of leaves, average knob diameter, average fresh knob weight, yield plot-1, yield ha-1 studied followed by T6. The treatment T6 had same nutrients as T7 except, farmyard manure (FYM) instead of vermicompost.

P P Mishra, A K Das* and N Mishra

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1084-1088
Gurudatt Solanki, N S Dodiya and C L Khatik
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, (MPUAT), Udaipur - 313 001, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
The present research was carried out using 20 genotypes were planted in randomized block design with three replications during rabi 2012-2013 at Research Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur (Rajasthan). The observations were recorded on ten randomly selected plants for fourteen characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters suggesting sufficient amount of variability in the experimental material under study. High GCV coupled with high heritability and expected genetic gain of a character provides good selection advantage. Association study indicated that seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated at genotypic level with diameter of main capsule and latex yield per plant, whereas husk yield per plant showed positive significant correlation with seed yield per plant only at phenotypic level and latex yield per plant was also positively and significantly correlated at genotypic level with days to 50 percent flowering and seed yield per plant. These associations indicated that improvement in seed yield and latex can be achieved by improving the above characters. Path coefficient analysis revealed that diameter of main capsule and days to 50 percent flowering were the major components for seed yield per plant and latex yield per plant respectively because these traits had maximum direct and indirect effect towards seed yield and latex yield.

Gurudatt Solanki, N S Dodiya and C L Khatik

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1089-1092
G B Bhujbal, A B Jadhav, A B Bagade and I A Madrap
Department of Agricultural Botany, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani - 431 402, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the heterosis for yield and yield contributing traits in pigeonpea. Material consists of 33 hybrids developed by crossing 3 male sterile lines with 11 male parents. From the results it was revealed that plant fertility ranged from 30 to 100 percent and there was variation for pollen size also. The days to flowering and maturity ranged from 118.5 to 128.0 and 157 to 177.0 days, respectively. The range for number of pods was from 85 to 472 with a mean of 251.81. The seed yield per plant ranged from 43.57 g to 170 g per plant. Heterosis for yield was 23.65 percent, where for number of pods per plant it was 25.54 percent. For plant height, maximum heterosis was 21.32 percent. Heterosis for days to flowering and days to maturity was comparatively low.

G B Bhujbal, A B Jadhav, A B Bagade and I A Madrap

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1093-1095
Shwetha Surpur, Pramod Katti, A C Hosamani and B Jamuna
Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 104, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Seasonal abundance of the thrips and mites were studied weekly in orange plots in Rraichur. Thrips populations occur throughout the season on orange. Population peaks were observed maximum during 11th standard week (March) and minimum during 39th standard week (September). Simple correlation studies showed an increase in temperature favoured the multiplication of thrips population, minimum temperature was non significant and had positively relationship of thrips. Maximum mites population of 13.30 per leaf was recorded during 13th standard week and minimum of 0.20 mites per leaf during 35th standard week continuous shoot flushes produced by orange could play an important role in maintaining high populations of this insect. Correlation studies showed that maximum temperature had positive and non significant relationship and favoured the multiplication of mites population.

Shwetha Surpur, Pramod Katti, A C Hosamani and B Jamuna

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1096-1099
S C Swain, K K Panigrahi and B Baisakh
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
Abstract
The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications with 30 entries and the response to cold exposure was studied under controlled condition in the S. K. Sinha Molecular Breeding Laboratory OUAT, Bubaneswar, Odisha. Low temperature is one of the major environmental factors that limit the plant growth. Greengram plants of tropical origin suffer cold damage when exposed to temperature below 20°C. Cold temperature in crop plants are compounded cold snap – a lower than usual drop in temperature that causes the crop to fail due to reduce germination, retard vegetative growth by inducing metabolite imbalance and delay or prevent productive development. Each plant species has an optimum range of temperature for its normal growth and development. It varies among the genotypes within a species; the specific temperature also depends on the growth stage and development of the particular genotype.

S C Swain, K K Panigrahi and B Baisakh

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1100-1103
Uppu Sai Sravan and K V Ramana Murthy*
Department of Agronomy, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India *Regional Agricultural Research Station, Anakapalle - 531 001, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
Field investigation was conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Naira on sandy clay loam soil during pre-kharif, kharif and rabi 2012-2013. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design, with four replications and seven cropping systems. Sunnhemp, greengram, blackgram, sesame, clusterbean and bhendi were grown during pre-kharif. Sunnhemp has produced significantly highest root, shoot and total dry matter and crop residues on fresh weight basis than other pre-kharif crops. Bhendi registered the highest greengram equivalent yield. Clusterbean was significantly inferior pre kharif crop for all these parameters. Soil organic carbon and available nitrogen were also highest with sunnhemp. Significantly superior performance of rice yield was observed with sunhemp, while greengram was the next best treatment. The seed yield of rice fallow blackgram was significantly superior with sunhemp, while the lowest with fallow.

Uppu Sai Sravan and K V Ramana Murthy*

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1104-1106
S J Imamsaheb and C N Hanchinmani
Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Halladkari Farm Hyderabad Road, Bidar - 585 403, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture Bidar, during the year 2013-2014 to know the effect of different levels of fertilizer (50, 75 and 100% recommended NPK) and genotypes (Sharda, Haritha, Sel-1 and Madhuri) on growth, yield and economics of cluster bean genotypes. The results revealed that significantly higher fruit yield per hectare was obtained under fertilizer level F1 (100% recommended NPK) (9.43 t/ha) followed by F2 (75% recommended NPK) (8.45 t/ha). The lowest yield per hectare was recorded in F3 (50% recommended NPK) (7.67 t/ha). Significantly higher fruit yield per hectare (10.10 t/ha) was recorded in V¬1 (Sharada) followed by V¬2 (Haritha) (8.76 t/ha). The study showed that among the treatments imposed, the treatment V1F1 obtained highest yield (11.97 t/ha) and net income (` 57509.33/ha), gross income (` 95733.33/ha). Higher B:C ratio (2.5) was recorded in the treatment V1F1. Whereas, lower B:C ratio (1.4) was recorded in the treatment V3F2.

S J Imamsaheb and C N Hanchinmani

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1107-1109
H Lokesha, Jagrati B Deshmanya and Beeraladinni
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 104, Karnataka, India
Abstract
In view of increasing demand for fuels, extraction of oils from oilseeds is considered as a potential agri-business activity. In future, the supply of fuels resources specially the petroleum products is expected to come down both at the national as well as at the international level. In this regard, extraction of oils using the locally available resources is expected to gain prior importance. One such possibility is extraction of oils using Jatropa and pongamea. Oil rotary is an improved version of processing of oils compared to traditional method of processing. In earlier days, animal drawn stone crushers were use for extraction of oils and are popularly known as ‘Gaana’s in Kannada. Off late, stone crushers are replaced by power operated oil rotary. Power operated oil rotary has several advantages over traditional stone crushers. Firstly, oil rotary can crush more seeds per unit of time. Secondly, oil recovery percentage is much higher. Thirdly, oil rotary require less labour in comparison with the stone crusher, etc.

H Lokesha, Jagrati B Deshmanya and Beeraladinni

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1110-1114
Shankrayya and N M Shakuntala
Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 102, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Organic seed is a crucial link in the chain from research to organic seed production and ultimate supply of high quality seed at reasonable price to the commercial grain producing farmers for promotion of organic cultivation. Hence the laboratory experiments were conducted to find out the physiological and biochemical changes associated with seed health status of fresh seeds of paddy treated with sixteen different concentrations of organics. All the quality parameters showed significant differences due to seed treatment with organics. The results revealed that seeds treated with beejamruta @ 50 percent recorded significantly higher seed quality parameters like germination percentage (85.37%), seedling vigour index (2805), and lower seed infection (2.64%) at the end of nine months of storage period.

Shankrayya and N M Shakuntala

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1115-1117
Polu Parameshwar, P S Joshi, Anil Raghunath Kamble and Ramkumar Dewangan
Department of Horticulture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeet, Akola - 444 104, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Flowering, fruit set percentage, yield characters of different sweet orange varieties are compared at All India Coordinated Research Project on Tropical Fruits (Citrus), Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra). The present investigation was carried out in Ambebahar season. First flowering was observed on trees of Hamlin and Last flowering observed on Valencia late variety. Maximum days required for flowering to fruit set was in Valencia late (32.72 day), minimum duration (24.18 days) for fruit set was in Hamlin. More number of flowers per meter shoot (138.83) and fruit set percentage (37.58%), maximum yield (32.75 kg/plant) recorded in variety Valencia late, less number of flowers (95.50) and fruit set (19.60%) minimum yield (10.12 kg/plant) recorded in variety Pera.

Polu Parameshwar, P S Joshi, Anil Raghunath Kamble and Ramkumar Dewangan

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1118-1121
Sabeena Nabi and P A Khan
Faculty of Forestry, S. K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar - 191 121, Srinagar, J & K, India
Abstract
The study was aimed to standardize the most suitable growing medium for raising quality planting stock of Ailanthus altissima carried out in nursery of Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar (J & K) in the year 2011. Among the seven growing medias tested, the medium containing soil + sand + farmyard manure (FYM) in 2:1:1 ratio, followed by soil + sand + farmyard manure (FYM) in equal ratio produced best planting stock with maximum height, collar diameter, relative growth rate and plant biomass.

Sabeena Nabi and P A Khan

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1122-1124
Kailash Sati, A K Pal and M Sunil Kumar
Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators (CCC, 2, 4 –D and NAA) on growth and yield of cowpea cv. Kashi Kanchan at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University during summer, 2012. All the growth and yield attributes except pod width were significantly influenced by different plant growth regulators. The maximum plant height (72.40 cm), number of root nodules per plant (52.87), number of pods per plant (34.77), pod length (29.60 cm), pod yield pert plant (406.13 g), seed index (15.93 g), seed yield per plant (83.44 g), seed yield (41.72 q/ha) and maximum pod yield (203.06 q/ha) were recorded by the treatment T8- NAA at 15 ppm. However, maximum number of branches per plant (5.53), pod weight (12.16 g), number of seeds per pod (15.60) and minimum number of days to first flowering (39.67) were registered by the treatment T2 - CCC at 300 ppm.

Kailash Sati, A K Pal and M Sunil Kumar

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1125-1128
Vijay Sahu, N S Dodiya and C L Khatik
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture (MPUAT), Udaipur - 313 001, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
The present research was carried out with 20 genotypes were planted in randomized block design with three replications during late kharif 2012-13 at Research Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajasthan College of Agriculture (MPUAT), Udaipur, Rajasthan. Analysis of variance revealed that highest GCV and PCV were obtained for number of berries per plant, dry root yield per plant, number of primary branches per plant and root diameter. In general, magnitude of PCV was higher than the magnitude of GCV. Highest heritability estimates was recorded for number of berries per plant followed by days to 75 percent flowering, dry root yield per plant, number of primary branches per plant, days to 75 percent maturity and root diameter. Expected genetic gain was observed highest for number of berries per plant followed by dry root yield per plant, number of primary branches per plant and root diameter. The magnitude and direction of correlation coefficient analysis in the present study could not explain the clear cut picture of direct association of dry root yield and its component traits. However, it can be concluded from the correlation study that emphasis can be laid on few of the component trait for improving the dry root yield in Withania somnifera as some of the component traits showed positive/negative significant association among themselves. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the characters viz days to 75 percent flowering, number of berries per plant, alkaloid content, days to 75 percent maturity and plant height were the important characters for dry root yield because these had direct effect on dry root yield. These characters also had positive indirect effect with each other. So selection for these characters would be effective in selection of suitable genotype for Withania somnifera improvement.

Vijay Sahu, N S Dodiya and C L Khatik

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1129-1131
Deepshikha and Bimla Kumari
Department of Plant Pathology, Govind Ballab Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263 145, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
Field trials were conducted to study the efficacy of selected fungicides alone or in combination with bioagent and insecticide during Rabi seasons 2010-11 and 2011-12 against loose smut of wheat. Five fungicides (in different doses) in combination with bioagent (Trichoderma viride) and insecticide (Chlorpyriphos) were found to be superior over check. The study was undertaken on plant infection, tiller infection, percent disease control, yield and percent yield increase over check. Raxil 2DS + Trichoderma viride + Chlorpyriphos at 1.25 g + 5.0 g + 4.0 ml/kg seed gave 100 percent disease control as well as maximum yield and percent increase over check i e 48.00 q/ha and 21.21 percent, respectively. This combination was found to be best in the management of loose smut of wheat.

Deepshikha and Bimla Kumari

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1132-1135
D Arun Kumar, A S Channaveerswami and Basavaraj S Lakkundi
Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
A Field experiment was conducted to find out the pre and post emergence control measures for shoot fly incidence and its influence on seed yield and quality of little millet. The experiments were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Hanumanamatti, University of Agricultural sciences, Dharwad during kharif 2013. Among the pre and post emergence treatments, seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5 ml/kg of seed (T2) recorded higher plant height at 30 DAS (36.67 cm) at 60 DAS (96.00 cm) and at harvest (133.07 cm), number of tillers (7.5), number productive tiller (6.6), number of leaves at 45 DAS (13) and at harvest (26) and taken lesser number of days to flower initiation (47.13), days to 50 percent flowering (50.83) and days to panicle initiation (53.33) and recorded significantly lowest dead heart at 20 DAS (2.33%) and 35 DAS (23.2%), length of panicle (31.87 cm), weight of panicle (956 g) seed yield per plant (6.5 g) and per hectare (2165 kg), dry matter production at harvest of (1595 g/m2) and 1000 seed weight (3.42 g) recorded significantly higher value in seeds treatments with imidacloprid 600FS @ 5 ml per kg of seed (T2).

D Arun Kumar, A S Channaveerswami and Basavaraj S Lakkundi

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1136-1138
M S Karmarkar and K A Patel
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Bharuch, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari - 396 450, Gujarat, India
Abstract
The field experiments to study role of nutrient management on incidence of Earias vitella Fab. were carried out on Agriculture Research Farm, N. M. College of Agriculture, Navsari during summer seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13. In a study on effect of organic manures and fertilizers on insect pests, lowest shoot infestation was recorded in T11 (4.48%) where double dose of K was used and remained at par to T2, T1, T3, T8, T9 and T7 in which only organic manures and 50 percent of the recommended fertilizers were applied. The treatment T10 was the least effective treatment as it recorded highest shoot infestation (19.32%) in which double N was applied. Percent fruit infestation (weight basis) was more (34.40%) in the treatment T10 wherein double dose of nitrogen was used which was followed by T12 (26.22%). The treatment T11 was found to be most effective treatment with lowest fruit infestation (15.75%).

M S Karmarkar and K A Patel

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1139-1141
Santosh Balikai, N M Kerur and Shreeshail Rudrapur*
Department of Agri Business Management, *Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka
Abstract
Livestock sector has been playing an important role in Indian economy and an important sub sector of Indian agriculture. The dairy industry plays a multipurpose role in India. A study was conducted to analyze the growth in procurement of milk by Belgaum union, study the procurement management of milk and marketing management of milk and its products. The study revealed that the number of dairy cooperative societies (DCS) registered with the union had increased from 437 in 2002-03 to 455 with the compound growth rate (CGR) of 0.79 percent per annum which is good achievement, in the similar manner DCS functioning were increased from 321 to 380 with the growth rate of 1.72 percent. The classification of the DCSs revealed that maximum (147) number of DCSs procured zero to 50 liters of milk per day followed by 100 to 200 liters per day by 130. Only 22 DCSs were procured per day milk more than 300 liters.

Santosh Balikai, N M Kerur and Shreeshail Rudrapur*

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1142-1146
G Lakpathi, M Rajkumar* and R Chandrasekhar**
Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India *Fruit Research Station (Dr. YSRHU), Sangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India **College of Horticulture, Mojerla, District Mahaboobnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
Large trees take several years before they come into bearing and overall cost of production per unit area is further increased. Hence, there is over riding need to improve the existing planting system and to manipulate tree growth using canopy management to control tree growth patterns, tree shape and maintaining high fruit production of desired size and quality. Fruit thinning in the early stages of fruit growth increases size of remaining fruits, reduces trunk breakage and promotes regular bearing. Among the shoot orders studied, first order shoot pruning has beneficial effect on number of vegetative buds sprouted per pruned shoot, number of new shoots per pruned shoot, number of flower buds at leaf pair, number of flowers and fruits per new shoot, fruit diameter, average fruit weight at harvest and finally on fruit yield. Among the pruning intensities studied, pruning at 10 cm intensity advanced the vegetative bud appearance, recorded maximum cumulative length of new shoots, maximum fruit diameter at harvest, average fruit weight and fruit yield. Pruning of 30 cm has increased the number of vegetative buds per pruned shoot and number new shoots per pruned shoot along with early harvesting at colour turning stage. Pruning of first order shoot with pruning of 30 cm increased the number of vegetative buds sprouted per pruned shoot, more number of new shoots per pruned shoot, maximum cumulative length of new shoots, early first flower bud appearance and fruit yield. Among the fruit load (30, 40 and 50 fruits per tree) studied, 30 fruits per tree recorded the minimum number of days taken for harvesting at colour turning stage and maximum average fruit weight at harvest. However, maximum fruit yield was noticed with 50 fruits per tree. The treatment combination of first order shoot pruning at 30 cm with 50 fruits per tree has recorded highest fruit yield per hectare with quality fruits. However, the quality of fruits in control and other treatments was also at par.

G Lakpathi, M Rajkumar* and R Chandrasekhar**

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1147-1149
Devidas M Ransing, A K Verma, P R Paikra, A K Rathore and M R Meshram
Department of Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Krishi Visshwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during kharif season 2011 with the objective to study the varying date of sowing (July 20, July 30 and August 9) on economics of six mungbean genotypes (BM-4, RM-03-71, RM-03-79, ML-131, Pusa 1072 and COGG 973). Results revealed that economics, productivity rating index, production efficiency, seed yield, stover yield and energetic were the highest under earliest sowing date i e 20th July. Among genotypes, RM-03-79, COGG 973 and BM-4 were found superior over other genotypes in respect of economic returns, energetic, productivity rating index, production efficiency and seed as well as stover yield.

Devidas M Ransing, A K Verma, P R Paikra, A K Rathore and M R Meshram

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1150-1152
Pritansha Bhagat and Sanjay Sharma
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
The present investigation entitled assessment of feeding and probing behaviour of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) on rice differentials set, carrying different BPH resistance gene was carried out in the glass house, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) during 2013-2014. Honey dew excretion and probed marks done by BPH feeding on different genotypes showed significant difference. The minimum excretion was observed in Ptb33 (19.67 mm2) with highest number of probing marks (38.00), followed by Rathu Heenati and RP 2068-18-3-5 whereas, the honey dew excretion was maximum (66.67) with minimum (13.00) probe marks in TN 1 (highly susceptible). The highly significant negative correlation (- 0.85**) was found between honey dew excretion and number of probes made by BPH in different rice genotypes.

Pritansha Bhagat and Sanjay Sharma

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1153-1156
Alice Tirkey, Ajay Tiwari and Mayuri Sahu
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
Combining ability studies was carried out for grain yield and its contributing character in line × tester design, involves 3 CMS lines including 11 testers. These were studied for twenty yield contributing characters. Analysis of variance showed significant difference exhibiting by all the characters for parents, hybrids, testers or line × tester showed greater chance of selection. Whereas parents, hybrids and lines, significant differences expressed by almost all the character exhibited sufficient variability is available in materials under investigation. Among the CMS lines studied two lines IR – 68888 A and IR – 58025 A was considered as best GCA for yield and most of its traits. Testers Kalanamak, Indira Sugandhit Dhan-1 were have good GCA for yield and related traits. The crosses IR – 68888 A/ Kalanamak, IR – 58025 A/ Indira Dhan – 1 were found best SCA for yield and yield related traits. The hybrid IR-58025A/ Indira Dhan 1, IR-58025A/ Shyamjira, IR-58025A/ NDR-6232, IR-58025A/ RAU-3037, IR-68888A/ RAU-3037, IR-62829A/ Type-3 showed more than 20% standard heterosis over the standard check RAU-3079 are the top heterotic combination identified for grain yield.

Alice Tirkey, Ajay Tiwari and Mayuri Sahu

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1157-1159
Anil Kulshrestha, B P S Raghubanshi* and S K Sen**
Department of Agriculture Extension, **Department of Agriculture Economics, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna - 485 334, Madhya Pradesh, India *Krishi Vigyan Kendra (RVSKVV), Morena, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
The study was conducted in Rajodha micro watershed in Porsa block of the Morena district of Madhya Pradesh during 2010-11. To assess the impact of watershed development programme a benchmark survey was under taken on management practices. The noticed positive effect of the programme was an increase in area of arhar and wheat and an increase in productivity of gram and arhar with an increased change in arable areas, agricultural areas, irrigated areas, cropping intensity, water resources, and area of horticultural crops. The cattle population was also increased due to sufficient water and fodder availability. Using modern inputs like high yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers, irrigation, and plant protection measures etc. has also increased the productivity of crops. The co-ordination of farmers and government functionaries, land development activities were some of the measures taken to improve the Rajodha Micro Watershed. Better co-ordination between development agencies and voluntary organizations is also essential for effective implementation of watershed programme.

Anil Kulshrestha, B P S Raghubanshi* and S K Sen**

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1160-1162
G K Ningaraju and P A Joseph
Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture (Kerala Agricultural University), Vellanikkara, Kerala, India
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at the Kerala Agricultural University during December 2012 to March 2013 to study the relative efficiency of fertigation over conventional irrigation and fertilizer application in summer grown oriental pickling melon. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted combinations of four irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% Ep through drip irrigation and farmers practice of pot irrigation) and three fertilizer levels (100, 150 and 200% recommended dose of fertilizer). Results shows that yield and water use efficiency differed significantly among the treatments. Consistently high yields (72.4 t/ha) and nitrogen use efficiency (88.48 kg fruits/kg N) were noted when the crop was drip irrigated at 100 percent Ep and fertigated with 140 and 70 kg N ha-1. Higher water use efficiency (292.07 kg ha-mm-1) was recorded with crop irrigated through drip at 50 percent Ep and fertigated with 140 kg N ha-1 followed by drip at 50 percent Ep and fertigated with 120 kg N ha-1.

G K Ningaraju and P A Joseph

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1163-1168
B L Verma and R C Kumawat
Department of Agricultural Economics, SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner - 303 329, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
In this investigation an attempt has been made to study the growth, trends and price volatility of futures and spot prices of mustard, guar and gram seeds. For this purpose secondary data were used. The data were collected from the reports, records and related articles of the commodity exchange, its authorized brokers and trading members, website of BCEL and from Krishi Upaj Mandi, Bikaner for the financial years 2003 to 2008 for futures prices and 2000 to 2008 for spot prices. Growth in monthly prices was estimated with the help of exponential function and trend in monthly prices by fitting quadratic function. Means, standard deviations and coefficients of variation were calculated to study the impact of futures trading on price volatilities. Both the prices futures and mandi spot prices- for mustard, guar and gram seeds recorded significant growth during the study period. The trend in monthly futures and mandi spot prices of mustard, guar and gram seeds was noted to be curvilinear in shape during the study period. The shape of the trend curves for mustard and gram prices was concave downwards and that for guar seed convex upwards, i e dome shaped. Concave downwards trend indicated that initially the price decreased and then increased. In case of convex upwards trend, the situation was just reversed. The spot prices of mustard seed and guar seed recorded an increase over time but the increase in futures prices during the futures period was significantly higher than the increase in spot prices. The standard deviations in spot prices of mustard seed and guar seed did not significantly differ from that in futures prices for these commodities during the futures period. The variability in spot and futures prices of the selected commodities in futures period was low.

B L Verma and R C Kumawat

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1169-1171
L Shiva Kumar, B M Radder and L H Malligawad
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The groundnut cultivar JL 24 was tried during 2012 with eleven ratios of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P2O5) fertilizers with potassium level as constant (25 kg K2O ha-1) at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The yield attributing characteristics, dry pod yield and economics were increased due to increasing N/P fertilizer ratios from 0.00 to 1.00. The treatment receiving N/P fertilizer ratio of 0.50 (30 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 25 kg K2O ha-1) produced significantly higher dry pod yield (3310 kg ha-1), 100 kernel weight (38.50 g). Maximum gross monetary returns and net monetary returns (` 1,25,780 and ` 1,01,426 ha-1) and highest B:C ratio of 4.16 in the treatment receiving N/P fertilizer ratio of 0.50 (30 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 25 kg K2O ha-1) produced higher kernel yield (2441 kg ha-1) as compared to all other treatments and control (` 83,372 ha-1 and ` 62,904 ha-1) B:C ratio was recorded is lowest (3.07).

L Shiva Kumar, B M Radder and L H Malligawad

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1172-1175
Basavaraj S Lakkundi and A S Channaveerswami
Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to study the influence of hydropriming treatment on seed quality in okra in the Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Among the different soaking periods tested for hydropriming, seed soaking for 12 hours recorded significantly highest germination (70.75%), root length (14.19 cm), shoot length (17.97 cm), seedling dry weight (26.88 mg/10 seedlings), seedling vigour index-I (2293), seedling vigour index-II (190.91), field emergence (68.15%) and lowest electrical conductivity (0.696 dSm-1), among the drying treatments, significantly highest germination (74.39%), root length (14.31 cm), shoot length (18.13 cm), seedling dry weight (27.41 mg/10 seedlings), seedling vigour index-I (2448) ,seedling vigour index-II (201.67), field emergence (72.38%) and lowest electrical conductivity (0.679 dSm-1) were recorded in D1 and among interactions, soaking for twelve hours with drying recorded significantly highest germination (79.75%), root length (14.98cm),shoot length (19.26 cm), seedling dry weight (27.69 mg/10 seedlings), seedling vigour index-I (2731), seedling vigour index-II (220.83), field emergence (77.93%) and lowest electrical conductivity (0.639 dSm-1).

Basavaraj S Lakkundi and A S Channaveerswami

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1176-1178
Bindiya Painkra, L K Srivastava, V N Mishra and Kishor Kumar Mandal
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhyalya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
The experiment was carried out at the Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during kharif 2013. Grain and straw yields were found significantly higher under rice genotypes (G1) CB-07-701-252 than all other rice genotypes. Its yield attributes i e number of effective tillers and test weight were also significantly higher. However, number of filled grains per panicle was recorded highest in (G21) 3406. Other genotypes were performed either sequentially decreased significantly or at par in the yield and yield attributes. The effect of application of ZnSO4 on different genotypes for yield attributes was found to be significant and was maximum with the application of basal dose + foliar application of ZnSO4 (M3) which was at par with that of basal application of ZnSO4 (M1) as compared to control (M0).

Bindiya Painkra, L K Srivastava, V N Mishra and Kishor Kumar Mandal

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1179-1182
Meenakshee Dwivedi and D P Sharma
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur - 482 004, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out during kharif season of 2011-2012 at the Vegetable Research Farm, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur (M.P). The experimental material for the present investigation was comprised of 20 genotypes of okra. These genotypes were sown in randomized complete block design with three replications, to estimate the genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis. Observations were recorded on the basis of five random competitive plants selected from each genotypes separately for morphological, phonological, yield and other parameters were evaluated as per standard procedure. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant variance for all the characters. Presence of such variability in the population under study is the ultimate result of variability in the genetic constitution of various individuals. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance for trait plant height at 30 DAS, plant height at 60 DAS and number of seeds per fruit suggested the prepondance of additive genes. Genotype Okra-hy-10 was recorded the maximum yield per plant (303.00 g) which revealed that it was better genotype in relation to yield under Jabalpur condition.

Meenakshee Dwivedi and D P Sharma

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1183-1186
Bhumika Patel, Rajendra Lakpale, Pritee Awasthy and Pandu Ram Paikra
Department of Agronomy, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2013 at the Research cum Instructional Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) using randomized block design, comprising four replications and eight treatments. Results revealed that maximum growth characters like number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index and yield was recorded under hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS but was fond compared with Sulfentrazone @ 300 g a.i. ha-1 as PE + Imazethapyr @ 100g a.i. ha-1 as PoE . Maximum chlorophyll content (SPAD value) was recorded under treatment Pendimethalin @ 1 kg ha-1 as PE. The minimum number of leaves, leaf area, leaf area index, seed yield and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) was observed under untreated control. Density of weeds and dry weight of weeds was maximum under untreated control and minimum density was recorded under hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS. Highest weed control efficiency was noted under treatment hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS followed by Sulfentrazone @ 300 g a.i. ha-1 as PE + Imazethapyr @ 100g a.i. ha-1 as PoE . The lowest weed control efficiency was observed under untreated control.

Bhumika Patel, Rajendra Lakpale, Pritee Awasthy and Pandu Ram Paikra

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1187-1190
A Rama Devi, V J Tambe and G Srasvan Kumar
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Nagpur - 440 001, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Chrysopidae; Neuroptera) is a generalist biological agent commonly used to control insect pests. Toxic effects of six commercial insecticides were evaluated on green lacewing and adullt mortality, longevity and fecundity was determined following insecticide exposure by vial assay technique. Among all the tested insecticides malathion 50 EC @ 2 ml/l found harmful causing 73.33 percent adult mortality and 243.96 eggs per female and the bio pesticide, spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/l found least toxic with 3.33 per cent adult mortality and fecundity 412.55 (eggs per female). Regarding longevity imidacloprid and malathion found at par with 15.17 and 17.83 days male longevity and adult female with 24.01, 27.43 days, respectively and spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/l found non-toxic to Chrysopa with 30.93 and 37.76 days male and female longevity. On the basis of findings of present investigation, it is concluded that all the materials hampered the effectiveness of Chrysopa and affected different life parameters and reduced the fecundity and longevity of adults indicated that chemicals induced sub lethal effects to the adults that effected the normal functioning of adults and spinosad found safer which could be applied in conjunction of Chrysopa for controlling the insect pest with little care.

A Rama Devi, V J Tambe and G Srasvan Kumar

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1191-1193
Ashok Kumar, Rakesh Tiwari and B P Singh
Department of Agronomy, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
In order to gain precise information on yield nutrient uptake and economics of different treatment in maize wheat cropping system the mean ranges of variation in grain yield were 2348 kg ha-1 to 5506 kg ha-1 in maize and 1759 kg ha-1 to 6031 kg ha-1 in wheat. Treatment T4 gave the highest mean yield during both the years for both the crops and the increase in yield was significant. The uptake of NPK also increased significantly due to different treatments and the treatments giving the highest yield also recorded the highest uptake value both for grain and straw. Treatment T4 gave the highest monetary return of ` 29327 closely followed by T5 with ` 28226 with BCR ranging from 4.86 to 6.71 in maize. The corresponding value for wheat was ` 58677 to treatment T4 and ` 56425 in treatment T7 with BCR ranging from 9.45 to 14.84.

Ashok Kumar, Rakesh Tiwari and B P Singh

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1194-1195
I B Biradar, Y Raghuramulu*, Sudhakar S Kelageri and K Vasudeva Naik**
Main Horticultural Research and Extension Centre (UHS), Udyanagiri, Bagakot - 587 102, Karnataka, India *Central Coffee Research Institute, CRS Post, Chikamagalur District, Karnataka, India **University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The study was initiated at Coffee Research Sub Satiation, Chettalli with an objective to identify suitable medicinal and aromatic crops for growing as intercrop in new clearings and to get additional income from the medicinal and aromatic crops. Among the medicinal and aromatic crops studied, patchouli, long pepper, lemon grass, vetiver grass and aloe vera performed well in young coffee plantations without affecting the growth of coffee. Patchouli, long pepper, lemon grass, vetiver grass and aloe vera recorded higher plant height, number of branches and biomass compared to other medicinal and aromatic crops. The results of study indicated that after second year there will be an income from the medicinal and aromatic crops based on the yield and bio-mass. From the present study it can be inferred that medicinal and aromatic crops like patchouli, long pepper, lemon grass, vetiver grass and aloe vera can be grown successfully in young coffee up to five years.

I B Biradar, Y Raghuramulu*, Sudhakar S Kelageri and K Vasudeva Naik**

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1196-1199
L Shiva Kumar, Vakada Manasa and Sandhya Kollalu
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The groundnut cultivar JL 24 was tried during 2012 with eleven ratios of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P2O5) fertilizers with potassium level as constant (25 kg K2O ha-1) at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The growth attributing characteristics are leaf area, leaf area index and leaf area duration were taken during different growth stages 30 days, 60 days and at harvest. These are increased due to increasing N/P fertilizer ratios from 0.00 to 1.00. The treatment receiving N/P fertilizer ratio of 0.50 (30 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 25 kg K2O ha-1) produced significantly higher leaf area (2.52, 11.57 and 17.31 dm2), leaf are index (0.84, 3.09 and 4.53), leaf area duration (54.61 and 113.27 days) and total dry matter production (1.57, 20.17 and 36.00 g/plant) was observed as compared to all other N/P fertilizer ratios.

L Shiva Kumar, Vakada Manasa and Sandhya Kollalu

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1200-1202
R Narasimhulu, N V Naidu, K H P Reddy, C P D Rajan and G Mohan Naidu
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, S. V. Agricultural College, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
Present investigation was carried out during kharif 2013, 29 greengram genotypes comprising of nine parents and 20 crosses were evaluated for yield and its components. Analysis of variance revealed that significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Estimates of phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters. Higher PCV and GCV were recorded for number of branches/plant, clusters/plant, pods/plant, dry weight/plant and tolerance to MYMV, respectively indicated existence of large genetic variability for these characters in the material studied. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed number of branches/plant and tolerance to MYMV in parents and for number of branches/plant, clusters/plant, pods/plant, dry weight/plant, tolerance to MYMV and seed yield/plant in crosses suggesting that involvement of additive gene action for these characters. Hence, phenotypic selection based on these characters in the segregating generations would be more effective and rewarding.

R Narasimhulu, N V Naidu, K H P Reddy, C P D Rajan and G Mohan Naidu

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1203-1205
M Shireesha and G Mohan Naidu
Department of Agricultural Economics, Sri Venkateswara Agricultural College, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
Present study resource use efficiency in sunflower production was undertaken in district Anantapur purposively selected as it ranked second in sunflower production (8, 14, 400 hectares) in Andhra Pradesh. The study covered three mandals and six villages. A sample of 90 farmers was selected at random from the six villages. The primary data for the year 2010-2011 were collected through a pretested schedule by survey method. The Cobb-Douglas type of production function was used to study the resource productivities. The results indicated that the regression co-efficients with respect to manures and seeds were found to be positive and significant but the other variables viz., human labour and cattle labour were found to be non-significant.

M Shireesha and G Mohan Naidu

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1206-1208
B Hari Vara Prasad, P R Manapure and A R Lende
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture (Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth), Nagpur - 440 001, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 2012-13 at All India Coordinated Research Project on Linseed, Dr. P. D. K. V, Nagpur, with thirty two hybrids produced by line × tester mating design with eight lines viz A-95B, EC-1392, EC-1424, IC-15888, GS-234, JRF-4, JRF-5, F-14 and four testers viz NL-97, PKVNL-260, Padmini, Neelum to study heterotic effects of yield traits like days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of capsules plant-1, 1000 seed weight and seed yield plant-1. The heterosis over MP and BP for seed yield/plant ranged from -45.51 to 144.15% and -50.14 to 127.92%, respectively. Three crosses Padmini × GS-234, Padmini × F-14 and Padmini × EC-1392 showed significant heterobeltiosis as well as midparent heterosis for seed yield plant-1. These crosses also had significant and positive heterosis for number of branches plant-1, number of capsules plant-1 and would be more desirable to exploit heterosis in linseed. There is every possibility of getting a cross with lower mean performance but high heterotic response in case the parental performance is very poor and vice-versa. The mean performance being the realized value and the heterotic response being an estimate, the former should be given due consideration while making selection of cross combinations.

B Hari Vara Prasad, P R Manapure and A R Lende

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1209-1211
B G Shekara, M R Krishnappa, Nagesh Chikkarugi and N Manasa
All India Coordinated Research Project Forage Crops, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V. C. Farm, Mandya - 571 405, Karnataka, India
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Vishweswaraiah Canal Farm, Mandya, for enhancing productivity and its economics of cultivation of fodder sorghum in saline-alkali soils. The experiment consisted of 8 treatments viz T1- Rec NPK (90:50:40 NPK kg/ha) alone through inorganics, T2- Rec NPK + FYM (10 t/ha), T3- Rec NPK +Pressmud (10 t/ha), T4-Rec NPK + Vermicompost (5 t/ha), T5- Rec NPK + FYM (10 t/ha) + Elemental sulphur (25 kg/ha), T6- Rec NPK + FYM (10 t/ha) + Gypsum (100% GR), T7- Rec NPK + FYM (10 t/ha) + ZnSo4 (20 kg/ha), T8- Rec NPK + FYM (10 t/ha) + ZnSo4 (20 kg/ha) + Gypsum (100% GR) and were compared with recommended NPK alone. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The pooled data of four years revealed that application of recommended (NPK + FYM 10/ha) + ZnSo4 (20 kg/ha) + Gypsum (100% GR) recorded significantly higher green forage yield (252.48 q/ha), dry matter yield (68.02 q/ha), gross returns (25248 `/ha) and net returns (8335 `/ha) and also higher uptake of nitrogen (78.90 kg/ha), phosphorous (19.7 kg/ha) and potassium (75.50 kg/ha).

B G Shekara, M R Krishnappa, Nagesh Chikkarugi and N Manasa

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1212-1214
M K Shivaprasad, V M Ganiger and G Bhuvaneshwari
Department of Vegetable Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar - 125 004, Haryana, India
Abstract
The nine genotypes were subjected for testing for powdery mildew reaction and fruit fly infestation under natural disease pressure condition. Out of 8 F1 hybrids all were moderately resistant and none among them were resistant to this disease. The hybrid Tamanna recorded least (17.63%) intensity and highest (38.70%) in Arka Jeet and the fruit fly infestation recorded the least (10.60%) infestation of fruit fly was recorded in NS-910 and highest (25.41%) in Arka Jeet. With respect to total yield the highest total yield was recorded in NS-910 (34.52 t/ha) followed by Tamanna (32.37 kg/plot), Kundan (31.91 t/ha). The lowest total yield was noticed in Arka Jeet (12.04 t/ha). The maximum total returns were obtained by the hybrid NS-910 (` 586840.00) followed by Tamanna (` 550290), Kundan (` 510660) with B: C ratio of 7.85, 7.43, 6.88, respectively and it was minimum in Arka Jeet (` 216720) with 2.97 B:C ratio.

M K Shivaprasad, V M Ganiger and G Bhuvaneshwari

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1215-1218
J K Kshirsagar, V V Dalvi, S G Bhave, U B Pethe and S G Mahadik
Department of Agricultural Botany, College of Agriculture, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli - 415 712, District Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Lablab bean (Lablab purpureus L. sweet var. Typicus) cultivars viz Kelashi wal and Pavata were mutagenised with physical mutagen namely, gamma radiation (100, 150, 200 Gy) on various agronomical traits at Department of Agricultural Botany, Dr. B. S. K. K. V. Dapoli, Ratnagiri during rabi 2011-12 and 2012-13. In M1 generation, germination and survival percentages of seedling, plant growth and pod per plant parameter was adversely affected with increase in dose indicating almost a linear relation but in M2 generation, these agronomical traits did not follow any specific order according to the strength of dose. The first flowering was slightly delayed in the treatment than the control. All remaining characters did not show much variation in mean values than control in kelashi wal except grain yield per plant. In kelashi wal high yielding mutants were isolated. Also, in M2 generation, gamma-rays induced only ‘Xantha’ type of chlorophll mutations was found and based on the chlorophyll mutation frequency on M2 plant basis mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were computed. Variability studies revealed that 100 Gy dose was effective in kelashi wal. Induced variability indicated that significant improvement can be achieved by appropriate selection methods. A large number of useful mutants for different character were observed in different population. These mutants are to be evaluated and assess their stable performance, involve them in crop improvement programme and to isolate productive mutants.

J K Kshirsagar, V V Dalvi, S G Bhave, U B Pethe and S G Mahadik

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1219-1221
Akkabathula Nithish, Navneet Rana, Bhupesh Joshi and B Kariyanna
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
The use of pheromone traps was investigated as a management tool of risk periods when gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) larval numbers in crops likely to increase to damaging levels. We installed traps at Research cum Instructional Farm of Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) during the crop period June 2013 to February 2014. Crop was scouted daily and insecticide application decisions were made accordingly. Results showed that increases in moth trap catches predicted increases in larval infestations.

Akkabathula Nithish, Navneet Rana, Bhupesh Joshi and B Kariyanna

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1222-1224
Y Sandhya Rani and M Suryanarayan Reddy
Agricultural Research Station (Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University), Gajularega, Vizianagaram - 535 001, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
Intensive cropping systems with fertilizer responsive crops that rely on high input of inorganic fertilizers often lead to non-sustainability in production and also pose a serious threat to soil health. However, considering economics and also physiological potential of varieties, entire dependence on organic sources of nutrients may not be adequate to attain the most productivity. Hence integrated nutrient management with both organic and inorganic fertilizers was investigated. A field experiment was conducted to study the cumulative effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil health in turmeric + maize intercropping system. Application of inorganic fertilizers in conjunction with two types of organic manures (FYM and poultry manure) and tanksilt significantly increased the soil properties like water holding capacity, infiltration rate, organic carbon, available NPK and Fe in soil, while the bulk density decreased. The soil properties improved with increase in the level of inorganic fertilizers combined with organic manures and the treatment full RDF + poultry manure (PM) registered the maximum.

Y Sandhya Rani and M Suryanarayan Reddy

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1225-1227
I B Biradar, Y Raghuramulu* and K Vasudeva Naik**
Main Horticultural Research and Extension Centre (UHS), Udyanagiri, Bagakot - 587 102, Karnataka, India *Central Coffee Research Institute, CRS Post, Chikamagalur District, Karnataka, India **University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Central Coffee Research Institute Research Farm in split-split plot design for standardization of optimum planting densities and training methods for two dwarf Arabica genotypes viz S.4634 and Cauvery. Among the two varieties, irrespective of variations in planting densities and topping heights, the S.4634 recorded significantly higher yield of 1182 kg clean coffee ha-1 when compared to Cauvery (969 kg cc ha-1) over 10 cropping seasons. Among the planting densities, the coffee planted at closer spacing of 5 × 5' (4000 plants/ha) recorded significantly higher yield for ten years (1264 kg cc ha-1) as compared to other spacings of 6 × 5' (3333 plants/ha) and 6 × 6' spacing (2777 plants/ha) (1063 and 900 kg ha-1 respectively). With respect to training methods the pooled data over the 10 years indicated that the coffee plants trained on single stem and topped at two tiers (2.5' and 5') recorded significantly superior yield (1125 kg cc ha-1) as compared to plants trained on single stem and topped either at single tier (3.5') or at three tiers (2.5', 4.0' and 5.0') which recorded 1057 and 1047 kg ha-1 respectively. The interaction effects between spacing and topping was found to be non-significant in both varieties (S.4634 and Cauvery). The results revealed that a plant population of 4000 plants/ ha and training on single stem with two tier topping is ideal for dwarf Arabica varieties under natural shade grown conditions in India.

I B Biradar, Y Raghuramulu* and K Vasudeva Naik**

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1228-1231
N Karpoora Sundara Pandian and P Rajkumar*
Department of Food and Agricultural Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India *Department of Agricultural Processing and Basic Sciences (TNAU), Trichy - 621 712, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
A lab model hammer type tamarind deseeder with a capacity of 10 kg per hour was fabricated and evaluated at the Department of Agricultural Process Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Trichy, India. The machine was developed with the principle of impact mechanism. The performance of the developed machine was done by conducting experiments at different operating conditions including different moisture content of tamarind fruit (20.0, 22.5 and 25.0% on dry basis), varying peripheral speed of feeding roller (0.05, 0.06 and 0.07 m/s) and types of hammer (wooden, mild steel broad based and sharp edged). The test results of the machine showed that a maximum deseeding efficiency of 79% was found at 22.5% moisture content on dry basis, with the wooden hammer and 0.06 m/s peripheral speed of the feeding roller.

N Karpoora Sundara Pandian and P Rajkumar*

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1232-1235
C Sangeetha
Department of Agronomy, Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Pollachi - 642 103, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Field experiments were conducted at Wetland Farms of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during rabi season of 2011-12 and 2012-13, to examine the rice performance under various crop establishment methods, weed management practices and energetics of rice. The soil of the experimental site was clayey loam in texture, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium during both the years. The result revealed that treatment combination of mechanical transplanting with conoweeding four times at 10 days interval starting from 10 DAT recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield, total energy output (MJ ha-1) and energy output and input ratio.

C Sangeetha

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1236-1237
Preeti Gawde, B P Katlam, Latesh Kawde and Pritansha Bhagat
Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Agriculture University, Raipur - 492 006, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
Field investigation was carried out on bio-efficacy of new insecticide molecules against yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) on rice. The insecticides used were: BCS CL 73507 SC 200 @ 200 ml /ha BCS CL 73507 SC 200 @ 250 ml /ha BCS CL 73507 SC 200 @350 ml /ha coragen 20% SC@150 ml /ha bifenthrin 10 % EC @ 500 ml/ha along with an untreated control were included in the treatments. Among the insecticidal treatments minimum white ear head percent was recorded in the treatment BCS CL 73507 SC 200 @ 250 ml/ha with maximum grain yield of 36.25 q/ha whereas maximum stem borer damage of 20.57% was recorded in untreated control with minimum grain yield of 33.25 q/ha. Plot treated with coragen 20 percent SC @ 150 ml/ha 2.11 to 8.44%, respectively and bifenthrin 10 percent EC @ 500 ml/ha 1.67 to 8.94%, respectively was also effective in reducing the incidence (dead hearts) of yellow stem borer.

Preeti Gawde, B P Katlam, Latesh Kawde and Pritansha Bhagat

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1238-1241
M Bhanu Prakash, M Srinivasa Reddy, U Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy and P V Ramesh Babu
Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College, Mahanandi - 518 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on production potential, economics and soil fertility of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) during kharif 2011 at Agricultural College Farm, Mahanandi, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment consisted of three nitrogen levels viz N1 (160 kg N ha-1), N2 (200 kg N ha-1), N3 (240 kg N ha-1), and five phosphorus levels, viz P0 (control), P1 (20 kg P2O5 ha-1), P2 (40 kg P2O5 ha-1), P3 (60 kg P2O5 ha-1) and P4 (80 kg P2O5 ha-1). The results indicated that application of 240 kg N ha-1 recorded the higher number of effective tillers m-2, grain (6284 kg ha-1) and straw yield (9463 kg ha-1) and highest nitrogen uptake in grain (64.8 kg ha-1) and straw (58.8 kg ha-1) where as higher B: C ratio was observed with application of 200 kg N ha-1 and high and it was at par with application of 200 kg N ha-1 and significantly superior to 160 kg N ha-1 and it was on par with application of 240 kg N ha-1. Among different phosphorus levels, application of 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 resulted in highest number of effective tillers m-2, grain (67.5 kg ha-1) and straw yield (57.9 kg ha-1) and it was on par with application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. Highest phosphorus uptake in grain and straw was noticed with application of 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 and lowest was with application of control. Positive balance of nitrogen and phosphorus in balance sheet was obtained with application of 240 kg N ha-1, 200, 160 kg N ha-1 and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1 60, 40 kg P2O5 ha-1, respectively where as negative balance was obtained with control and 20 kg P2O5 ha-1.

M Bhanu Prakash, M Srinivasa Reddy, U Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy and P V Ramesh Babu

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1242-1245
Farooq A Sheikh*, Tasneem Mubark, Hamidullah Itoo, Zahoor A Bhat, Tariq A Sofi and S A Bangroo
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (SKUAST - Kashmir), Post Office Gopalpora Kulgam - 192 233, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Abstract
The productivity of rice in the mid altitude temperate ecologies of Kashmir valley continue to be quite low on account of several biotic and abiotic stresses. Low temperature during the nursery period causes cold stress, which adversely affects seedling growth. Unavailability of quality seed of suitable cold tolerant varieties and lack of knowledge about related production and protection technologies are other reasons for low crop yield. In view of these, an effort was made to boost the rice production through on farm testing and frontline demonstrations of improved rice variety and its recommended production and protection technologies at farmers’ field. On-farm testing of different varieties revealed that rice variety K-448 (Jehlum) registered a high yield potential of 60.0 q/ha as against 38.0 q/ha of the local check with a yield advantage of 22.52% over farmers’ practice in frontline demonstrations. Use of modified protected nursery shortened the nursery period, provided healthy seedling and reduced crop duration which is important for profitable double cropping under temperate conditions. This technique further improved yield by 12% over open nursery. K-448 gave maximum returns of ` 58662.0 against ` 48145.0 from the farmers practice The study reveals that rice production can be greatly increased in the mid altitude temperate regions of Kashmir by the use of improved variety (K-448) and recommended production and protection technology.

Farooq A Sheikh*, Tasneem Mubark, Hamidullah Itoo, Zahoor A Bhat, Tariq A Sofi and S A Bangroo

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1246-1250
R Muthukrishnan, K Arulmozhiselvan* and T Padmavathi*
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Vanavarayar Institute of Agriculture, Manakkadavu, Pollachi - 642 103, Tamil Nadu, India *Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Nutripellet pack has 3 parts viz top bioinoculant mixture; central manure pellet and bottom fertilizer pellet. On the top bioinoculants mixture responsible for N2 fixation, P and Zn solubilization and biocontrol agents are placed as a powder or granules. Highly decomposed manure having C:N ratio below 30:1 enriched with P, micronutrients and pesticide/fungicide is pelleted with pelleting device and placed at the centre. At bottom a mixture of NPK fertilizers made in pellet form and encapsulated in polymer paper (bio degradable) pouch is placed. The nutrients in fertilizer pellet are in amount equal to the yield target of the crop. To study the Nutripellet (Nutripellet is a packet in tubular form having several inputs viz fertilizers, manures (For preparing manure pellet, enriched vermicompost was used), fungicide and bioinoculants) application of nutrients on the yield of marigold (Tagetes erecta L), a green house experiment was conducted with following treatments viz T1: Control; T2: 100% NPK Nutripellet Pack (DAP- Diammonium phosphate as P source) and T3: 100% NPK Nutripellet Pack (SSP- Single super phosphate as P source). The results of the experiment indicated the Nutripellet pack with NP (DAP) K recorded long root length (39.0 cm), high root dry weight (4.2 g) and high root volume (35.5 ml) followed by Nutripellet pack with NP (SSP) K. The highest population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were observed in Nutripellet pack with NP (SSP) K. Inner core had high available N, P and K when compared to outer core. Organic C was high in manure pellet before soil placement (31.8 %). After placement in soil organic C of manure pellet without plant was low (26.3%) and with plant was lowest (19.8%). Wider C: N ratio was recorded in manure pellet before soil placement (24.6:1), whereas narrow ratio was in soil without plant (16.3: 1) and with plant (15.4: 1).

R Muthukrishnan, K Arulmozhiselvan* and T Padmavathi*

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1251-1254
H M Bhuva, Satyakumari Sharma and B C Bochalya
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh - 362 015, Gujarat, India
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of on clayey soil at Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh to investigate the effect of various level of irrigation, nitrogen and phosphorus on productivity and economics of pearl millet. The result revealed that application of IW/CPE of 0.7 recorded significantly higher growth, yield attributes and yields viz plant height, LAI, number of internodes, total and effective tiller, ear head thickness, earhead length, grain yield per plant, grain and straw yields and quality parameter viz protein content and soil moisture parameters viz consumption use of water, water use efficiency and economic returns was at par with application of IW/CPE ratios of 0.9. Although highest net monetary return (` 1,1124 ha-1) and B:C (1.45) was recorded in with application of IW/CPE of 0.7 closely followed by IW/CPE ratios of 0.9.

H M Bhuva, Satyakumari Sharma and B C Bochalya

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1255-1257
M Esakkimuthu
Department of Agricultural Communication, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263 145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
Samagra project on banana cultivation is a flagship project with multi-stakeholder partnerships in Kerala. The primary aim of this research study was developing a Likert’s summated rating scale with which to measure farmers’ attitude towards Samagra (Comprehensive banana project). The research was started by identifying 50 different statements based on review of literature and information obtained from various stakeholders and experts of the Samagra project. Out of these statements, 20 items were selected and ultimately only 6 consistent and reliable statements were retained for inclusion in a five point Likert’s type scale. The 6 statements’ scale was administered on 60 randomly selected sample farmers to measure their attitude towards Samagra. The result shows that 40 percent of the beneficiaries had neutral attitude towards ‘Samagra’ and 60 per cent of the beneficiaries had favourable attitude towards Samagra’. None of them had unfavourable attitude towards Samagra’. This detailed study together with strict follow-up of data collection from the sample respondents has been extremely useful in developing a relatively consistent tool to measure farmers’ attitude. Therefore, the 6 items five point Likert’s scale can be applicable rest of the Indian states also.

M Esakkimuthu

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1258-1260
R Parvathidevi and S Ravichandran
Department of Agricultural Economics, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Cuddalore - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Chittoor district was purposively selected since the groundnut crop contributes 34.5 percent of the total cropped area in the district. Of the 66 mandals, Thamballapalli mandal was selected based on the percentage of gross sown area under groundnut to the gross sown area of district. A three stage sampling technique was adopted for the selection of groundnut growers. In the first stage, mandal with highest percentage of area under groundnut was selected and in the second stage the villages with sufficiently large area under groundnut were selected purposively to ensure the adequate number of groundnut growers from the revenue villages selected randomly in final stage. The ultimate sample size was fixed as 60 and evenly distributed to the four selected villages. The study relied on both primary and secondary data. The reference period of the study was 2010-11. The study analyzed supply response on area and problems in marketing of groundnut in Chittoor district. The supply response analysis showed the price responsiveness of the groundnut growers on area. The study also found that price fluctuation and forced sale were the major problem for the groundnut farmers.

R Parvathidevi and S Ravichandran

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1261-1265
Prem Shankar Tiwari, V K Dubey, Pritansha Bhagat and Ajay Tiwari
Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
Present investigation was conducted at glass house of the department of Entomology, College of Agriculture Raipur (Chhattisgarh) during kharif and rabi seasons 2011-2012. Different plant derivatives viz Neem (Azadirachta indica), Mahua (Madhucea logifolia machor.), Karanj (Pongamia glabra L.), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), Ratanjyot (Jatropha curcas), Lemon grass (Cymbopogon marginatus), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), Castor (Ricinus communis) each as 2 percent oil and Neem cake extract @ 5 percent tested against BPH Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) in laboratory condition. Out of nine different plant derivatives tested against BPH; lemon grass oil treatment had the highest percentage (87.50) of BPH population repelled, it was followed by neem oil treatment in which overall average 8.25 adult population of BPH repelled with 82.50 percent of total population of BPH, in overall twenty four hours after treatment.

Prem Shankar Tiwari, V K Dubey, Pritansha Bhagat and Ajay Tiwari

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1266-1268
N M Prabhavathi and Y S Amaresh
Department of Plant pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 104, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Different temperatures and pH are taken to observe radial growth and dry mycelial weight of Trichoderma spp. The radial growth of Trichoderma was maximum for all the four species i e T. harzianum, T. viride, T. hamatum and T. virens (90, 82, 91.3 and 85 mm) at 30°C, where it was minimum in four species at 40°C (30.70, 35, 22.53 and 20 mm) respectively and dry mycelia of T. harzianum (1.05 mg), T. viride (1.83 mg), T. hamatum (2.42 mg) and T. virens (0.82 mg) were maximum at 25°C whereas the radial growth of four isolates were maximum at pH 6 (90, 88, 92 and 91 mm) in T. harzianum, T. viride, T. hamatum and T. virens respectively. At neutral pH, radial growth of T. harzianum (89 mm), T. viride (91 mm), T. hamatum (89 mm) and T. virens (87 mm) was minimum, and dry mycelia weight of T. harzianum (729 mg), T. viride (1639.67 mg), T. hamatum (798 mg) and T. virens (583.67 mg) were maximum at pH 8. It was minimum at pH 4 for T. harzianum (120 mg), T. viride (257 mg), T. hamatum (154 mg) and T. virens (262.67 mg).

N M Prabhavathi and Y S Amaresh

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1269-1271
Pritansha Bhagat, Sanjay Sharma and Prem Shankar Tiwari
Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
The experiment was carried out in the Glass House, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) during 2013-2014. The set of twenty rice differential varieties were mass screened through seed box screening technique by following standard evaluation system. The genotypes Ptb33, Rathu Heenati, RP 2068-18-3-5 had shown least plant damage score (0-0.68) and were categorized as highly resistant (HR) against Raipur brown plant hopper.

Pritansha Bhagat, Sanjay Sharma and Prem Shankar Tiwari

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1272-1277
B Nethravathi, R C Gowda* and V P Santhosha
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga - 577 204, Karnataka, India *University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, India
Abstract
An experiment was carried out at Main Research Station (MRS), University of Agricultural Sciences, Hebbal, Bangalore during kharif season of 2010 to study the weed compost preparation and to know changes during the process of composting. Aquatic weeds such as water hyacinth and alligator weed were collected from the Hebbal tank and used as raw materials for compost preparation. Cow dung and microbial inoculum with a mixture of Pleurotus sajorcaju, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Trichoderma harzianum were used as additives. The compost was analyzed for physical, chemical and biological changes during different intervals of composting period. By the end of composting period, physical changes like moisture of composts stabilized to around 30-35 percent which is optimal, there was drastic reduction in volume of organic residues, temperature increased at initial stage and on the 60th day the temperatures of the pile was optimal. Water hyacinth compost has got neutral pH (7.20) as compared to alligator weed (6.50) compost. EC and Organic carbon content of water hyacinth compost was higher than alligator weed compost. The C:N ratio of matured water hyacinth compost was 13.20 whereas alligator weed compost was 11.20. By the addition of additives like microbial culture and cow dung there was increase in the secondary and micronutrients content of the mature compost of water hyacinth and alligator weed. The biochemical properties like lignin and cellulose contents decreased as the compost get matured due to breakdown of complex structure of lignin and cellulose.

B Nethravathi, R C Gowda* and V P Santhosha

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1278-1281
Sunil Puranik, G M Sajjanar, Baba Fakruddin* and H Nagaraj
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College, Bijapur - 586 101, Karnataka, India *University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 104, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to study the association among stay-green, charcoal rot resistance and yield traits using six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2) derived from two crosses viz M 35-1 x CSG 0818 (cross 1) and CSV216R x CSG 0818 (cross2). Plants were inoculated with Macrophomina phaseolina using toothpick technique. Stay green observation was recorded using SPAD meter instrument at weekly interval after flowering up to physiological maturity for three weeks. In both the crosses, the association between SPAD readings and charcoal resistance traits (number of nodes crossed and length of spread) was negative. However, in the cross 1, the association between SPAD2 and number of nodes crossed was negative. And in the cross 2, negative association between SPAD1 and number of nodes crossed, and between SPAD3 and mean length of spread was noticed. In both the crosses, grain yield and fodder yield were positively associated with SPAD1 and SPAD2. All the SPAD values were positively associated with plant height, panicle weight, panicle length, and were negatively associated with days to 50% flowering in both the crosses. Only in cross1, the association between SPAD and 1000 seed weight was positive and. In both the crosses the association of grain and fodder yield was positively correlated with other yield traits.

Sunil Puranik, G M Sajjanar, Baba Fakruddin* and H Nagaraj

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1282-1285
J N Sreedhara, Jagjiwan Ram, A A Fazal and Pralhad
Department of Animal Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 102, Karnataka, India
Abstract
An in-vitro study was conducted to check the stability of xylanase, cellulase, pectinase and phytase at different pH (4.0, 6.0 and 7.0) and temperature (40°C and 42°C) in enzyme premix. The above enzyme premix in dry form was added at the rate of 2 g/kg of broiler starter mash feed and their stability was studied during different storage periods (0, 7, 14 and 21 days) by extracting the individual enzymes. Xylanase showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in activity with the increase in pH and more stability at pH 4, whereas temperature had no significant (p>0.05) effect on xylanase except at pH 6, but cellulase and phytase exhibited stability at different pH and temperature combinations. Pectinase activity decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increase in pH as well as increase in temperatures except at pH 6. The extraction efficiency of phytase, pectinase, cellulase and xylanase were 30.15%, 32.80%, 41.60% and 65.91%, respectively in spite of adding these enzymes more than the recommended level in the broiler feed. The study also showed that xylanase and pectinase had good stability up to 21 days of storage, where as cellulase and phytase were stable only up to 7 days of storage.

J N Sreedhara, Jagjiwan Ram, A A Fazal and Pralhad

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1286-1289
S P Doddamani, H Lokesha and B D Jagrati
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 104, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The study is based on the time series data on area, production, productivity, per capita consumption, export and import of fruits and vegetables for the period from 1991-92 to 2011-12 analyzed using compound annual growth rate. The growth in area, production and productivity of fruits and vegetables has increased at all India level after the introduction of NHM by Government of India. Karnataka state experienced an increase in growth in area and production of fruits while the growth in productivity was negative after the implementation of the programme. The growth in area and production under vegetables in Karnataka has decreased but positive while the growth in productivity of vegetables was negative after the implementation of the programme. Increasing in scarcity of human labour, irrigation water and other inputs resulted in higher cost of cultivation and reduced income from agricultural crops led to diversification of crops from low value agriculture to high value, less risky dry land horticultural crops. Introduction of NHM in the country has enhanced the export growth in all the categories of fruits while the export growth in different categories of vegetables was negative. In India, Majority of the fruits exported to South Asian and Middle East countries while the vegetables were exported to USA, Japan, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Canada and Belgium.

S P Doddamani, H Lokesha and B D Jagrati

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1290-1293
B L Mali and Rakesh Shah
Department of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture (MPUAT), Udaipur - 313 001, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
The bioefficacy and phytotoxicity of formulations of tebuconazole 2% DS was evaluated for germination and seedling mortality, the management of collar rot and tikka disease of groundnut and its effect on dry pod yield. Application of tebuconazole 2% DS % @ 1g, 2g and 4 g/kg seed to groundnut kernels prior to sowing was found to be highly effective, when used @ 4 g/kg seed, in the management of collar rot and tikka disease of groundnut with least disease severity (14.78%) in 2010 while 13.22% in 2011 where pooled PDI was 14.00% with higher pod yield (23.08 q/ha) in 2010 while 19.66 q/ha was recorded during 2011 whereas pooled yield data was 21.37 q/ha and similarly, least PDI (13.22%) noted in 2011 with higher pod yield (23.08 q/ha) during 2010-11. The fungicide was also very effective in farm and large scale demonstration trials in controlling the tikka and collar rot and also resulted higher percent increase in yield (35.15%) over check fungicide (Raxil- Tebuconazole 2% DS) i e 11.60%. Hence, it reduce the seedling mortality when the tebuconazole 2% DS applied @ 4 g/kg seed. The maximum severity (39.43%) of tikka disease was recorded during 2010 while 32.93 % PDI of tikka was noted in 2011 whereas 36.18% PDI in pooled. Similarly, 16.24 q/ha pods yield was recorded in pooled during 2010 and 2011.

B L Mali and Rakesh Shah

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1294-1298
K Venkata Subbaiah, S L Jagadeesh, R Manjula and Y Lenin Kumar
Department of Post-harvest Technology, Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi - 591 310, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Fruits of banana cv. Grand naine bunches were harvested at uniform mature stage and subjected to different post-harvest treatments to enhance ripening. Treated fruits were stored in CFB boxes for ripening at room temperature (mean maximum temperature 28.65°C and minimum temperature 25.24°C, RH 79-89%). Data revealed that ethrel treated fruits ripened in 4 days with excellent quality attributes, whereas control (untreated) fruits ripened in 10 days. Physico-chemical parameters such as PLW, TSS, reducing and non-reducing sugars showed increasing trend during 10 days of storage period whereas acidity increased initially reaching a peak and declined thereafter in all the treatments during ripening of banana.

K Venkata Subbaiah, S L Jagadeesh, R Manjula and Y Lenin Kumar

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1299-1303
Y Lenin Kumar, CH Anuradha, S Sokka Reddy and K Venkata Subbaiah
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-30 - 141 004, India
Abstract
Fifty genotypes of blackgram were grouped into eight clusters by using D2 analysis. Cluster IV recorded highest mean value for number of pods per plant, number of pods per cluster and pod length. Cluster VI consisted maximum mean value for number of clusters per plant, 100 seed weight. Cluster VII showed highest mean value for days to initial flowering, pod initiation, days to maturity. Cluster VIII recorded the highest mean value for number of seeds per pod, number of branches per plant, plant height, days to 50% flowering, number of seeds per plant, seed yield per plant. Based on cluster means and divergence, it was concluded that the hybridization between genotypes from two divergent clusters could produce desirable recombinants for grain yield. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied indicating that the genotypes represented wide variability. The estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than the estimates of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits under study indicating the environmental influence over the traits. High heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of mean was indicative of additive gene effects and could be improved through selection of number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of clusters per plant, number of seeds per plant. The association of high heritability with high genetic advance was indicative of additive gene effects and could be improved through selection of these traits.

Y Lenin Kumar, CH Anuradha, S Sokka Reddy and K Venkata Subbaiah

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1304-1306
M S Rooparani and M L Revanna
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK), Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The study was conducted during the year 2010-2011 in Bangalore. 100 women entrepreneurs were selected from food sector and they are classified into small scale entrepreneurs (65), medium (30) and large scale entrepreneurs (2) to study the quality parameters adopted by the women entrepreneurs. Majority of the women entrepreneurs were adopting physical parameters while purchasing raw materials and only 50 percent of the women entrepreneurs were doing nutritional analysis for their products. Nearly all the women entrepreneurs from medium and large scale enterprises were doing labeling for their products. More number (61.76%) of the women entrepreneurs were undergone some training programmes on product development, marketing strategies, business tackling’s and quality aspects of foods. Almost all women entrepreneurs were expressed for their enterprises with self reported reasons for their success was hard work, self confidence, family support and quality of the product.

M S Rooparani and M L Revanna

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1307-1309
M Esakkimuthu
Department of Agricultural Communication, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263 145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
Decentralized planning is strongly entrenched in the Kerala society since late 1990’s. With experience spread over a decade and half in this regard, the Kerala state has to its credit many innovative projects in the agricultural sector which have left a lasting impact on the community. When it comes to sustainability and scaling up of such innovative projects, a large number of factors come into play. There has been some model projects such as the ‘Samagra (comprehensive) project’ on banana cultivation initiated in 2007 by the Thiruvananthapuram District Panchayat with active participation of a host of institutional and individual stakeholders. The study was conducted in Thiruvananthapuram district. Respondents in this study were the people’s representatives of ‘Samagra’ banana project in the thirty selected gram Panchayats of Thiruvananthapuram district. In total 60 people’s representatives were selected for the study.

M Esakkimuthu

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1310-1311
H P Sudeep, B S Reddy, S Latha, B Divya and Kallappa Narode
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture (University of Horticulture Sciences Bagalkot), Mudigere - 577 132, Karnataka, India
Abstract
An experiment was conducted at Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, College of Horticulture, Mudigere to evaluate ten gladiolus cultivars for vegetative growth and spike yield. Cultivars Red Majesty, Summer Sunshine and Candy Man were early to sprout (5.67, 7.00,7.00 days respectively), while Cv. Jester was late(11.00 days).Per cent sprouting was maximum in Cv. Summer Sunshine (95.00%) and minimum in Cv. Her Majesty (51.67 %).The cultivars Summer Sunshine, Red Ginger, Red Majesty and Green Bay were fairly good with respect to growth attributes such as plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length and leaf width, while poor vegetative growth was recorded in cultivars Jester and Her Majesty. Among the ten cultivars studied, Cv. Summer Sunshine recorded maximum spike yield (116666.33 spikes per hectare) followed by Red Ginger (105555.33 spikes per hectare) and Red Majesty (101851.67 spikes per hectare), whereas, it was minimum in Cv. Jester (59259.00 spikes per hectare). The cultivars Summer Sunshine, Red Ginger and Red Majesty are promising ones for cut flower production under hill zone of Karnataka.

H P Sudeep, B S Reddy, S Latha, B Divya and Kallappa Narode

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1312-1313
K S Sowmya, C D Srikanth and G C Kuberappa*
Organic Farming Research Centre, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Shimoga - 577 201, Karnataka, India Department of Apiculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Honey plant (Ammi majus L) is a biannual herb, bears on an average of 11.00 ± 2.00 lateral branches and each lateral branch bear inflorescence called umbel, which are white coloured and bisexual with flower lets. Calyx with five fused small sepals and corolla consists of five small petals. Stamens are epigynous, five in number and measures about 1.50 ± 0.10 mm with minute anther, Ovary inferior, corolla tube absent. The nectaries are minute and numerous. The flowers open at 0800 to 0900 hour and remain open for a day. Anther dehiscence is initiated at 0900 hour.

K S Sowmya, C D Srikanth and G C Kuberappa*

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1314-1315
Muttanna, M Shivamurthy, M S Kishore and Mukesh Kumar*
Department of Agricultural Extension, University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK), Bengaluru - 560 065, Karnataka, India *National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
Abstract
The present study was conducted in the Gulbarga district of Karnataka State during 2011-12. Total sample for the study was 120 respondents. Impacts of climate change is the degree to which, severity of climatic parameters like rainfall and temperature, and their ill effects on crop production aspects and water resource availability. significant changes occurred before and after the year 2005, changes in the month of land preparation, date of sowing, germination percentage of seeds, crop growth, flowering time, pod formation and number of pods and incidence of pest was more after the year 2005 as compare to the before the year 2005 due to the variation in the parameters of climate change (rainfall and temperature) on Red Gram. And also after 2005 there was increase in the temperature. This might have increased the infestation of pest and diseases because of this infestation decreased yield in the red gram as compare to before 2005, at the same time 37.50 percent of high yield may be because of the use of hybrid seeds and other technologies usage in the production of Red gram.

Muttanna, M Shivamurthy, M S Kishore and Mukesh Kumar*

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 5 - Issue : 6 ; 1316
D Panigrahi, T K Samant and B C Dhir
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (OUAT), Angul, At - Panchamahala, P/O: Hulurisingha, Dist-Angul - 759 132, Odisha, India
Abstract
Faunistic surveys were conducted in eight blocks under Angul district of Odisha. Mites remained much higher than economic threshold level during summer (March 15th to June 15th) followed by post monsoon (Sept 15th to Oct 15th) and winter months were found unfavorable for mite pests.

D Panigrahi, T K Samant and B C Dhir

| Published online : 16-Feb-2015