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P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.56

Volume - 7 - July-October 2016

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 709-716
Mushtaq A Wani, Shaista Nazir and Shazia Ramzan
Division of Soil Science, S. K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar - 191 121, Srinagar, India
Abstract
Jehlum River basin is in the midst of Baramulla district in the northern part of Jammu & Kashmir state, covering parts of Pattan and Sopore tehsils in Baramulla District, Jammu & Kashmir, India. Spatial distributions for sixteen physical and chemical properties were examined in the soil samples of selected agricultural fields in 676 different locations in Jehlum River basin. The present study revealed that there is not much variation in soil fertility status of soils developed on various landforms in the area as the soils were having medium to high organic carbon (0.52 to 4.10 %) and available nitrogen (273.8 to 1130.3 kg/ha) content; medium to high available P (11.2 to 156.7 kg/ha) and deficient to doubtful in available K (56.0 to 336.0 kg/ha) contents. The soils of Jehlum River basin were characterized as high-high-medium (HHM) category based on the nutrient index calculated with respect to available organic carbon, available P and available K. Further, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) indicated that the soils were excellent for irrigation.

Mushtaq A Wani, Shaista Nazir and Shazia Ramzan

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 717-719
P Laxman Rao, G Jayasree, *G Pratibha and T Ram Prakash
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Prof Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India *Central Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Santoshnagar, Hyderabad - 500 059, Telangana, India
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, to evaluate the impact of different soil amendments on soil available nutrient status in maize crop. Application of all the amendments improved soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium contents. Application of tank silt resulted in significant increase in available soil N status than RDF applied plots. The application of tank silt, vermicompost, biochar and FYM significantly increased the soil available phosphorus content (27.71, 24.86, 22.88 and 22.79 kg ha-1) respectively compared to the control (20.28 kg ha-1) at harvest. The application of tanksilt, vermicompost, biochar, FYM and RDF significantly increased the soil (K2O) available potassium content (394.7, 351.9, 344.1, 335.4 and 256 kg ha-1) respectively compared to the control (181.4 kg ha-1) at harvest. The increase in available NPK status in amended applied plots was due to improvement of CEC, other physical and chemical characteristics and also they contain high amount of macronutrients.

P Laxman Rao, G Jayasree, *G Pratibha and T Ram Prakash

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 720-726
Mushtaq A Wani, Shaista Nazir and Shazia Ramzan
Division of Soil Science, S. K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar - 191 121, Srinagar, India
Abstract
In India, the response to potassium application is often inconsistent with NH4OAc extractable values of available potassium. This is partly related to high potassium reserves of some soils. Ten surface soils representing different physiographic zones of Kashmir were studied to determine their potassium supplying power. Continuous cropping with mustard, maize and oat in succession permitted the assessment of the relative ability of soils to release non-exchangeable potassium. The content of available potassium declined rapidly with the growth of crops. The per cent decline was 14.8, 40.6 and 60.7 per cent after the harvest of mustard, maize and oat, respectively. The contribution of non-exchangeable potassium to total potassium uptake increased from first crop (80.0%) to the last crop (91.3%), indicating that non-exchangeable potassium was the major contributing form of potassium to total potassium uptake by the crops which signified that non-exchangeable potassium in soil can be used to predict and ascertain the long term potassium supplying power of soils when levels of available potassium drops below a certain level. Soils that have the highest power for supplying potassium are highly micaceous. In fact, the amount of potassium released from non-exchangeable form is well correlated with the amount of illite in the clay fraction.

Mushtaq A Wani, Shaista Nazir and Shazia Ramzan

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 727-731
Swathi Priya, N Ramulu, V Praveen Rao and V Uma Devi M
Department of Water Technology, College of Agriculture, Prof Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Water Technology Centre, College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during rabi 2014-15 to study the “Drip irrigation schedules and plastic mulching for higher productivity of rabi maize”. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with eight treatments in three replications. The treatments comprises of drip irrigation schedules and plastic mulching viz drip irrigation equivalent at 100%, 80% and 60% pan evaporation replenishment each with and without plastic mulch and surface furrow irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio with plastic mulch and surface furrow irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio without plastic mulch. The experimental soil was sandy clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction and non-saline. Significantly higher grain and straw yield (7447 and 11340 kg ha-1 respectively) of maize were realized in drip irrigation scheduled equivalent to 100% pan evaporation replenishment with plastic mulching (I1) compared to all other irrigation schedules without plastic mulch. Drip irrigation scheduled at 60% pan evaporation equivalent with plastic mulch recorded the highest water productivity (2.21 kg m-3). It is concluded that drip irrigation at 80% E pan replenishment in combination with plastic mulch was found economical in improving the grain and straw yield and water productivity in maize.

Swathi Priya, N Ramulu, V Praveen Rao and V Uma Devi M

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 732-734
Mushtaq A Wani and Shaista Nazir
Division of Soil Science, S. K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar - 191 121, Srinagar, India
Abstract
There is an increasing concern about the sustainability of Indian agriculture because of deterioration in soil fertility. Based on the soil test values of organic carbon and N, soil samples were classified into three categories i.e. low, medium and high, and fertility index was calculated. This physico-chemical study of soil is based on various parameters like pH, conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P2O5) and available potassium (K2O). This study leads us to the conclusion of the nutrient's quantity of soil of different tehsils of District Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir. Results show that all the tehsils of district Baramulla have low and medium nitrogen content. The fertility index for nitrogen lies between 0.76 to 1.74. This information will help farmers to decide the problems related to soil nutrients and amount of fertilizers to be added to soil to make the production economic.

Mushtaq A Wani and Shaista Nazir

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 735-739
Dhruv Kumar Lodhi, Rajesh Tiwari and Preeti Chouhan
Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur Campus of RVSKVV, Gwalior - 458 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur campus of Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi VishwaVidyalaya, Gwalior (M.P.) during the year 2013-14 to find out effect of calcium nitrate on physico-chemical changes and shelf-life of aonla fruit. Factorial completely randomized design was selected with four treatments of calcium nitrate (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% with control) and four other treatments of cultivars (Banarasi, Krishna, Kanchan and NA-7) and 5 days, 10 days and 15 days of storage period. Experiments unit was 1 kg fruit in open trays. Fruits were treated and stored on 17 December, 2013. As regards among the treatments tried as post-harvest dip at 1.0 per cent calcium nitrate treatment proved most effective in respect to increase physico-chemical qualities and shelf-life of aonla fruits. The 1.0 per cent calcium nitrate treated fruits significantly reduced the physiological loss in weight, decay loss, exhibited better quality on account of its favourable effect on total soluble solids, total sugar and in retaining more acidity thereby rendering them acceptable upto period of 15 days. Different cultivars could keep well up to 5 days with 'Excellent' rating and 10 days with 'Good' rating while no variety maintain marketable rating after 15 days storage

Dhruv Kumar Lodhi, Rajesh Tiwari and Preeti Chouhan

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 740-742
Shekhar Kumar and Narendra Lakpale
Department of Plant Pathology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Plant Pathology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur, Chhattisgarh during 2015-16. Basic seed pathological work were conducted with five pulse crops seeds namely green gram, black gram, chickpea, pea and pigeonpea periodically from 1-6 months at monthly interval. The effect of fungicide and seed mycoflora on seedling vigour of various pulses was investigated. In all, eleven seed borne mycoflora viz. Aspergillus niger, Tricoderma sp., A. flavus, Fusarium sp., Rhizopus sp., Alternaria sp., Mucor sp., A. fumigates, A. sp., Penicillium sp. and others (unidentified fungi) isolated by incubation methods viz. standard blotter and agar plate method. The reduction in seedling vigour index was observed in untreated seeds due to association of various seed borne mycoflora as compared to fungicide treated seeds clearly suggesting of role of seed borne mycoflora in reducing seedling vigour index in all the pulses under study.

Shekhar Kumar and Narendra Lakpale

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 743-746
Y Kavya, A Vijaya Gopal and *R Subhash Reddy
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Advanced Post Graduate Centre, Lam Farm, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh *Department of Agricultural Microbiology and Bio-energy, College of Agriculture, Prof Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
Abstract
The beneficial microorganisms used in the present study (Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Azospirillum) were collected from the department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Beneficial microorganisms were added separately in to the sterilized biogas manure samples collected from biogas digesters set with six different substrates (cow dung, press mud, poultry litter, kitchen wastes, maize stalks and fruit wastes) after the gas production stopped. The beneficial microorganisms viability in the enriched sterilized biogas manures was monitored up to the end of tenth week and the increase in population was observed in all the biogas manures samples indicating that the biogas manure samples from different substrates support the beneficial microorganisms population for at least 3-4 weeks duration.

Y Kavya, A Vijaya Gopal and *R Subhash Reddy

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 747-750
V Suresh, B Vidya Sagar, *P Kishore Varma, N Sumalatha and M Rajendra Prasad
Department of Plant pathology, Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India *Regional Agricultural research Station (ANGRAU), Anakapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) being an important tropical and subtropical fruit crop, is being affected by several fungal diseases among which gummosis caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Moube [synonym: Botryodiplodia theobromae] is becoming a serious problem in India on many popular varieties of mango particularly during monsoon and post-monsoon periods. An investigation to in vitro evaluates the different effective fungicides, botanicals and bio control agents were conducted to manage the gummosis disease of mango. Among the 10 fungicides tested at different two concentrations (250 and 500 ppm) carbendazim, carbendazim + mancozeb and propiconazole, completely inhibited the growth of L. theobromae concentrations whereas pyraclostrobin was least effective. Among the different botanicals, extract of Garlic bulb at 10 per cent found to be superior (35.93%) followed by Neem at 10 per cent (8.15%). Among Trichoderma isolates T9, T6, T3 and T2 were found effective against L. theobromae.

V Suresh, B Vidya Sagar, *P Kishore Varma, N Sumalatha and M Rajendra Prasad

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 751-753
V Govardhan Rao, P Venkata Ramana, A Srinivas and K Ravikumar
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Pandirimamidi, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
The study was carried out through on farm testing during rabi seasons of 2012-2015 under high altitude and Tribal zone of Andhra Pradesh with an objective to evaluate the performances of short duration Paddy JGL-17004 (Prathyumna) as compared to the farmer’s practice MTU-1010 (Cotton Dora Sannalu). The early matured (98.3 days) JGL-17004 (Prathyumna) recorded higher germination (50.4 m-2), plant height (90.5 cm), effective tillers plant-1 (20), Length of panicle (25.2 cm), filled grainspanicle-1 (130.2) with spikelet fertility (92.55%) and 1000 grain weight (24.3 g) than MTU-1010 (Cotton Dora sannalu). The same also produced grain yield 35.5 q ha-1 which is 28.6% higher yield than MTU-1010 (Cotton Dora sannalu) with harvest index (47.9) and water productivity (3.17 kg mm-1). The variety gave higher gross return ₹ 36250 ha-1 with a benefit:cost ratio 2.5 and additional net return ₹ 6059 ha-1 as compared to farmers practice and thus the existing variety MTU-1010 (Cotton Dora sannalu) can be replaced by JGL-17004 (Prathyumna) for higher productivity and income.

V Govardhan Rao, P Venkata Ramana, A Srinivas and K Ravikumar

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 754-756
G Padmaja, G Uma Devi, *B Kanaka Mahalakshmi and **D Sridevi
Department of Plant Pathology, **Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Prof Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India *Vegetable Research Station, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Agriculture Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
Abstract
Leaf blight of taro caused by Phytophthora colocasiae is the most destructive disease affecting taro (Colocasia esculenta). The disease has become a major constraint for taro cultivation. It causes heavy yield losses to the extent of 25-50% every year. Presently, fungicides remain as important strategy to manage leaf blight of taro. Many of these fungicides are extensively used and administration of these chemicals lack proper dosage. Therefore a preliminary study is inevitable before these fungicides are extensively used for the management of taro leaf blight. In view of this the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of various fungicides viz. Mancozeb, Pyrachlostrobin+Metiram, Cymoxanil, Metalaxyl, Copper oxychloride, Dimethomorph, Thiophanate methyl, Azoxystribin, Bordeaux mixture on in vitro to determine the sensitivity of P. colocasiae to fungicides by poisoned food technique at recommended and half the recommended doses. The results of the study revealed that complete inhibition in growth of mycelium of Phytophthora colocasiae was recorded in Mancozeb (0.8 g l-1) and Pyrachlostrobin + Metiram (1.0 ml l-1) at recommended concentration. However Cymoxanil (2.0 g l-1), Metalaxyl (2.5 g l-1), Copper oxychloride (1.0 ml l-1) significantly reduced the growth of mycelium by 98.0, 92.9 and 91.0 percent respectively, whereas fungicides Dimethomorph (1.0 g l-1) (89.5%), Thiophanate methyl (0.5 g l-1) (74.6%), Azoxystrobin (3.0 g l-1) (72.5%) could also inhibit the mycelium of the pathogen. Minimum percent inhibition of the pathogen was recorded in Bordeaux mixture (8.0 g l-1) (70.3%) even at recommended doses. Whereas at half the recommended doses Pyrachlostrobin + Metiram (0.5 ml l-1) shown complete inhibition of the growth of mycelium of Phytophthora colocasiae. Though 100 percent inhibition of the pathogen was observed by Mancozeb at recommended dose has inhibited only 83.9 percent at half the recommended concentration (0.4 g l-1). Thiophanate methyl showed an inhibition of 62.2 percent followed by Bordeaux mixture 61.4 percent and azoxystrobin 58.5 percent. The study revealed that the leaf blight of Taro can be managed with alternate use of Mancozeb (0.8 g l-1) or Pyrachlostrobin + Metiram (0.5 ml l-1) concentrations effectively and economically.

G Padmaja, G Uma Devi, *B Kanaka Mahalakshmi and **D Sridevi

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 757-761
B C Shreedevi and Vilas Kulkarni
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 560 008, Karnataka, India
Abstract
This Study attempts to examine the resource use efficiency and return to scale of the cotton farmers in the Karnataka. A sample of 120 farmers was selected through multistage sampling technique from Haveri and Dharwad districts for the cotton season 2014. Cobb Douglas production function approach was used to measure the resource use efficiencies by calculating and comparing Marginal Value Products (MVPs) and Marginal Factor Costs (MFCs). Results depicted that in Haveri district, all the resources were over utilized in cotton production, implying that farmers need educate on input application/usage. Further, the MVP to MFC ratio was negative for seeds (-0.054) and FYM (-0.032) which clearly indicated any extra increase in use of these inputs would decrease the yield. In case of Dharwad district, the MVP to MFC ratio for seeds and Plant Protection Chemicals (PPC) were greater than one. It suggests that quantity of these resources was used less than optimum indicating that there is a scope for higher utilization of these inputs and which intern would increase the gross income and would help to maximize profit in cotton production. Interestingly, the MVP to MFC ratio was negative for FYM (-0.040), bullock labour (-0.029) and machine labour (-0.206) which clearly indicates that any further increase in use of these inputs would reduce the yield. On the whole, the allocative efficiency ratios for FYM, fertilizer, bullock labour, seed, machine labour, human labour and PPC were lesser than unity revealing that these resources are over utilized. Use of these resources need to be reduced if not they will reduce the level of output. So there is need to demonstrate and educate the farming community regarding judicious and optimal use of inputs.

B C Shreedevi and Vilas Kulkarni

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 762-764
S Muthuramu and S Sakthivel
Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Paramakudi - 623 707, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Correlation and path analysis was carried out to study the association between eight yield related traits during rabi 2015-16 in 23 rice genotypes under upland rice ecosystem. Productive tillers per plant and harvest index (HI) expressed positive and significant correlation with grain yield. The trait, straw yield positively and significantly correlated with days to 50% flowering, productive tillers per plant, number of panicles per square metre and number of filled grains per panicle suggesting that selection based on straw yield is highly fruitful in developing high yielding genotypes in uplands, as it will bring simultaneous improvement of these traits. The traits straw yield and harvest index expressed high direct effect and productive tillers per plant had moderate direct effect on grain yield. The traits productive tillers per plant, straw yield and harvest index should be given more importance for enhancing grain yield under upland rice ecosystem.

S Muthuramu and S Sakthivel

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 765-769
Sreedevi S Chavan and *Yashoda R Hegde
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 102, Karnataka, India *Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 560 088, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Stevia is an important medicinal plant used as a low calorie sweetener. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium solani is an important disease and is a major constraint in stevia cultivation. Cultural characters of Fusarium solani were studied on fifteen different solid and liquid media. Among solid media tested against F. solani maximum radial was observed on Richards’s agar and potato dextrose agar (90 mm) which were significantly superior over the rest of all other media tested. Growth characters of Fusarium solani were studied on different solid media. Richards’s agar, potato dextrose agar and oat meal agar supported good growth and sporulation of the fungus. Growth was cottony and pluffy with smooth margin in Richards agar. In potato dextrose agar dense pluffy growth with smooth margin was observed. Among liquid media tested, maximum dry mycelial weight was obtained in Richards’s broth (362.33 mg) which was significantly superior to all other liquid media. Among the carbon sources tested, maximum dry mycelial weight of 365.30 mg was obtained when sucrose was used as a carbon source. Potassium nitrate supported maximum growth of 374.30 mg among the nitrogen sources tested. Temperature of 25°C was favorable which supported maximum growth of 365.33 mg. Among the pH levels tested, pH 6.5 supported maximum growth of the fungus (352.70 mg).

Sreedevi S Chavan and *Yashoda R Hegde

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 770-772
G Shruthi, B Dayakar Rao and Y Latika Devi
School of Agri-business Management, Prof Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
Abstract
The study revealed that the quality and shelf life are the major factors influencing the consumers for preferring the KMPCL products when compared with Mulkanoor and Priya dairy products. The products of KMPCL consumption pattern of ice cream, flavored milk and cheese were consumed mostly at monthly frequency but the products like ghee and butter were consumed weekly or on daily basis as it are considered as part of their daily diet.

G Shruthi, B Dayakar Rao and Y Latika Devi

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 773-777
Manasa Grandhi, I Sreenivas Rao and V Sudha Rani
Department of Agriculture Extension, College of Agriculture, Prof Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
Abstract
“Many a little makes a mickle”. It is truly difficult to imagine how such tiny loanprogrammes SHGs could bring about fundamental changes in the economic and social structures responsible for the disempowerment of women in developing countries. To measure the attitude of women towards the SHG. It was thought necessary to construct a scale for the purpose. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made to develop a scale for measuring the attitude of rural women towards the impact of SHG. Method of Scalogram analysis, by Guttman (1944) was used, and the set of the statement were analyzed to check whether they could able to make a good set to collect the needy data from the respondents.

Manasa Grandhi, I Sreenivas Rao and V Sudha Rani

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 778-781
K Kalyani and V Sailaja
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Prof Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
Abstract
Cauliflower growing light textured soils of Rangareddy district were collected from thirty locations and analyzed for their quantity parameters (KL, KX, KO), potential buffering capacity of potassium (PBCK) and intensity parameters AReK. The KL (quantity factor) ranged from 0.12 to 1.21 (c mol (p+) kg-1). The AReK (intensity factor) showed a range of 0.11 to 17.0 (ML-1)1/2 × 10-3. The PBCK (c mol (P+) kg-1/ (ML-1)1/2 × 10-3) ranged from 0.025 to 5.727. These low PBC values indicate the low buffer capacity of the soil which requires the judicious use and frequent fertilization for ensuring sufficient K level in the soil to meet the demand without contributing to excessive K leaching below the root zone.

K Kalyani and V Sailaja

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 782-786
V Bharathi, M Sudha Rani, K Kanaka Durga and S Nagalakshmi
Seed Research and Technology Centre, Prof Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different seed coating materials and storage containers on germination, seedling vigour and suitability of packaging material for paddy seed. Alternative methods for seed quality enhancement through various seed coating techniques were carried out in paddy up to six months storage period at SRTC, Rajendranagar for two years 2012-13 and 13-14 to minimize the seed borne pathogens which causes enzyme degradation and nutritive loss in seed germination during storage period. The experiment was conducted with six treatments in four replications with different seed coating techniques. Seed coating with polymer (polykote @ 4 ml/kg seed + Vitavax 200 (Thiram 37.5% + Carboxin 37.5%), 2g kg-1 seed (T5) induced maximum suppression of the fungal mycoflora followed by polymer coating across the storage period up to six months in both gunny bags and HDPE bags. Maximum germination percent (94%) and seedling vigour index (2241) was recorded with polykote + Vitavax 200 compared to control and other treatments. The fungicide seed treatments are the most used traditional application to protect the seeds and young seedlings from many seed-and soil-borne pathogens, polycoat seed treatment was the next best in maintaining seed quality which induced maximum suppression of fungi but the response was relatively lower compared to polykote + Vitavax 200 treatment. Coated seed with Polykote and Vitavax 200 was proved to be the best even with gunny bag and HDPE bag up to nine months storage period.

V Bharathi, M Sudha Rani, K Kanaka Durga and S Nagalakshmi

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 787-789
J L Singh, A K Singh, Shiv Prasad, *Awanish K Singh, S K Singh, V S Singh and Sunil Kumar
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145, Uttarakhand, India *Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Dakrani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
Goat is one of the important small ruminants which have been domesticated by man since time immemorial and has been a traditional occupation of marginal farmers and landless labourers. This study was aimed to assess the economics of goat rearing systems in hilly Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. The study was undertaken in randomly selected villages of Mohana, Sujau, Rani Gaon, Dhanpoo and Purani Kalsi, Chakrata and Kalsi blocks of Dehradun district of Uttarakhand during 2014-15. The goat keepers were categorized on the basis of their herd size and grouped as small (1 to 5 goats/kids/buck), medium (6 to 15 goats/kids/buck) and large (16 to or more goats/kids/buck). The study was undertaken in 120 randomly selected goat keepers in all, consisting of 40 goat keepers in small, 50 in medium and 30 in large group of local breed of goats of selected villages and one respondent at each 120 goat keeper was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The generated data were analyzed using statistical means like means and percentage. The study covered 1164 goats in all, consisting of breeding male/Buck/male strength (149) lactating/breedable female (240), pregnant goat (219), male (189), female (200), above 1 year male (60), above 1 year female (107) of local breed of goats. The economic study of goat farming from different herd size groups of local breed has been conducted. The study revealed that the net income derived from different herd size groups of goats was much higher among large herd size group than small herd size group. The study clearly shows large herd size group of goat keepers achieved higher profits than small and medium herd size groups in both breed of goats. The overall net annual income per goat was worked out to be ₹ 1136.90 in local breed of goats.

J L Singh, A K Singh, Shiv Prasad, *Awanish K Singh, S K Singh, V S Singh and Sunil Kumar

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 790-793
Shivangi Shukla, M R Chandrakar, A K Gauraha and K N S Banafar
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
The study was conducted to work out the cost and returns of Vishnubhog variety of aromatic rice production in Bilaspur District of Chhattisgarh plains. One hundred fifty aromatic rice growers were selected randomly from three blocks namely Bilha, Masturi, and Takhatpur. The primary data were collected for the year 2014-15. The study observed that the average size of farm was 2.89 hectares. The tube well was observed as major source of irrigation as irrigated area was found to be 59.71 per cent. On an average, the cost of cultivation of Vishnubhog variety was amounted as ₹ 38776.13 per hectare. The major share of cost of cultivation gone to labour cost being 46.83 per cent of the total cost. The net return against the cost of cultivation was observed ₹ 44064.26 per hectare. The input-output ratio of Vishnubhog variety came to 1:2.23. There were two marketing channels identified in the study area. Channel- I: Producer - consumer. Channel-II: Producer – Rice miller/retailer/broker- Consumer. The channel-II found more efficient than channel- I for the Vishnubhog variety. On an average marketable surplus was found to be 71.13 per cent. The study suggested that during peak period of agricultural operations unavailability of sufficient labour and available at very high cost. To avoid the escalation of cost and better use of inputs mechanization may be encouraged.

Shivangi Shukla, M R Chandrakar, A K Gauraha and K N S Banafar

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 794-798
O P Sonvanee and Hulas Pathak
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
The study was conducted in Tokapal and Lohandiguda blocks in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh state. Fifty two farmers were selected randomly from ten villages from these blocks to collect the required information on the cost of cultivation, marketing and other aspects for the present study. The results revealed that overall male-female ratio is observed as 1000:1098.19 in this population. The literacy of total family members is observed high in large (61.70%) categories. The average cropping intensity has 130.38 per cent at sampled household. The area and production of rapeseed-mustard in Bastar district decreased from 3573 ha and 1559 mt. in 2003-04 to in 1661 ha and 1261 mt. in 2012-13 showing a tremendous decline in the area. The area of rapeseed-mustard in Bastar plateau was found negative and significant. Production and productivity shows non-significant and positive growth in Bastar plateau. In view of finding of this study, it may be suggested that there is need to increase the profitability from niger cultivation by the use of low cost farm machinery, irrigation, good quality and high yielding varieties, use of balanced fertilizers and agrochemical, improved package and practices, marketing and remunerative prices, effective extension along with conducive policy measures.

O P Sonvanee and Hulas Pathak

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 799-803
Abhijeet Sharma, *Niraj Kumar Jha, **Mohita Srivastava and **Neha Pandey
Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India *Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi - 110 012, India **Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
A study has been conducted at the research area of the Department of Agricultural meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during the kharif season of 2013-14 with split plot design. The main plots treatments consisted of three date of sowing (4th week of April, 2nd week of May and 4th week of May) and the sub-plots consisted of three varieties (Two Bt cotton hybrids-Ankur 3028BG II, BIO 6588 BG II and one non Bt cotton hybrid HHH 223). Among the agro-meteorological indices, HTU were highly correlated with seed cotton, cotton seed, cotton lint and bolls per plant followed by PTU and HU. Among all weather parameters, maximum temperature during boll opening stage individually explained 92 per cent variability in seed cotton yield and yield attributes. The study clearly indicates that different agro-meteorological indices required for the maturity of cotton crop has been influenced by different sowing time as well as crop orientation. Here it has been found that influenced of agro meteorological indices was highest in cotton sown on 30th April and lowest in 30th May sown crop under both north-south and east-west conditions. The more HU, HTU and PTU were required by HHH 223 as compared to BIO 6588 BG II and Ankur 3028 BG II under north-south and east-west conditions during the all three growing environments. Apart from this, further study required for establishment of relationship for growth, development and yield of cotton with other agro meteorological indices after that it is possible to quantify the microclimate and agro-meteorological indices for cotton hybrids and predict advance growth and yield of crop in future.

Abhijeet Sharma, *Niraj Kumar Jha, **Mohita Srivastava and **Neha Pandey

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 804-807
Suresh Nethula, *Dhanumjaya Rao K, Y Saidulu and A Tarun
College of Horticulture, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India *Floricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Station, Rajendranagar, Telangana, India
Abstract
Gerbera, (Gerbera jamesonii) belongs to family, Asteraceae, is one of the popular flower in the cut flower industry. It is gaining commercial importance in floriculture trade due to the tremendous variability with reference to wide range of flower colours (yellow, orange, pink, crimson, red, purple and white), shapes and sizes. It is mainly used in floral arrangements and flower bouquets. It is ranked as the 5th most commonly used cut flower after rose, carnation, chrysanthemum and tulip.

Suresh Nethula, *Dhanumjaya Rao K, Y Saidulu and A Tarun

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 808-810
C L Gour, Prashant Maratha and S K Badodiya
Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior - 474 002, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
In recent years, organic farming is very popular due to non availability of chemicals and its adverse effect. This study was conducted purposively in Morar block of Gwalior district due to maximum number of trained farmers in organic farming. The total 120 trained farmers were selected for the study. Only 7.50 percent of the respondents had high perception in organic farming before participation of training and after the participation of training this figure is increased up to the 26.67 percent. All the selected attributes of the trained farmers, except age, caste and size of family were found significant relationship with their perception of organic farming. High cost of inputs and difficult methods for preparation were major constraints experienced by the farmers. Training should be purposeful as well as interesting and entertaining was suggested by one third of the beneficiaries.

C L Gour, Prashant Maratha and S K Badodiya

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 811-817
O P Sonvanee and H Pathak
Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
From the investigation it was observed that the per quintal total post harvest physical and monetary losses was estimated at 3.08 kg and ₹ 84.03. Amongst all activities, the highest losses were observed in harvesting 1.06 kg/qtl (34.42%) followed by storage 0.66 kg per quintal (21.43%), threshing and winnowing 0.64 kg per quintal (20.78%), drying 0.53 kg per quintal (17.21%) other activities 0.16 kg per quintal (5.19%) and transportation 0.03 kg per quintal (0.97%) in the total post harvest losses of rapeseed-mustard at farm level. In view of finding of this study, it may be suggested that there is need to availability of storage and proper threshing facilities along with good management and proper implementation of post harvest technology may reduce post harvest losses in rapeseed-mustard at the farmer’s level.

O P Sonvanee and H Pathak

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 818-822
P Parthiban, C Chinniah, *R K Murali Baskaran and A Ravikumar
Department of Agricultural Entomology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai - 625 104, Tamil Nadu, India *National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur - 493 225, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
Field experiment was carried out during 2014 to 2015 at Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Chettinad, Sivagangai district to find out cost-effective groundnut based intercropping system to enhance the activities of natural enemies viz spider and egg parasitoid. Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea Linnaeus; Variety: VRI II) when intercropped with bajra (Pennisetum glaucum L.; Variety: Co 7) 4:1 ratio attracted the highest population of natural enemies like spider and egg parasitoid, recording the population of 4.00 nos./10 plants and 10.56 per cent, followed by groundnut + sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.; Variety: Co 30), maize (Zea mays L.; Variety; Co 6), groundnut + marigold (Tagetes erecta L.; Variety: MDU 1), groundnut + marigold (Tagetes erecta L.; Variety: MDU 1), groundnut + redgram (Cajanus cajan L.; Variety: VBN (Rg) 3) and groundnut + onion (Allium cepa L.; Variety: Co 1), while it was 2.39 nos./10 plants and 7.67 percent in groundnut pure crop.

P Parthiban, C Chinniah, *R K Murali Baskaran and A Ravikumar

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 823-826
Anjali Toppo, N K Rastogi, A K Sarawgi and D Gauraha
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
Forty seven rice accessions from Chhattisgarh were evaluated to study the diversity pattern among the genotypes. The genotypes were grouped into four clusters. The distribution pattern indicated that maximum number of genotypes 26 was grouped into the cluster IV followed by 10 in cluster I, six in cluster II and five in cluster III. The inter-cluster distance was higher than the intra-cluster distance, indicating wider genetic diversity among the accessions of different groups. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and III (84.89) followed by cluster III and IV (55.77), showing wide diversity among the groups. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed for the cluster III (19.12) followed by cluster IV (18.88). For bringing improvement in specific traits, Bangoli-1 of cluster III for earliness, 1000 grain weight, grain length, kernel length, kernel length breadth ratio and amylose content can be used as potential donor in future hybridization programme. Similarly, Kakadiha of cluster IV for cooked kernel length breadth ratio; Bhata anjan (cluster IV) for elongation ratio; and Jhuna (cluster IV) for head rice recovery percentage can be used as donor in rice quality improvement programme.

Anjali Toppo, N K Rastogi, A K Sarawgi and D Gauraha

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 827-829
Sameena Khathoon, T Anjaiah, I Y L N Murthy and T Prabhakar Reddy
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Prof Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar - 560 065, Hyderabad, Telanaga, India
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out at Indian Institute of Oilseed Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during kharif, 2014. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three different zinc sources (ZnSO4.7H2O, ZnSO4.H2O and Zn-EDTA) and levels (10, 15 and 20 kgha-1) with recommended dose of N, P2O5 and K2O @ 90, 60 and 30 kg ha-1 were applied to soil to study the seed yield, test weight and fatty acid composition of sunflower hybrid DRSH-1. Based on the results it can be concluded that among zinc sources and levels, application of 20 kg ZnSO4.H2O is sufficient for obtaining optimum yield (1680 kgha-1) and good quality (high linoleic acid content of 60.17%) of sunflower when grown on light textured Alfisols.

Sameena Khathoon, T Anjaiah, I Y L N Murthy and T Prabhakar Reddy

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 830-833
V P Karthika, B Ajithkumar and *C Laly John
Department of Agricultural Meteorology, *Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara - 680 656, Thrissur, Kerala, India
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of various weather parameters on cauliflower production in the central zone of Kerala, with five different planting times (1st November, 15th November, 1st December, 15th December and 1st January). Weather experienced by the crop during the transplanting to curd initiation period was found to be more important in cauliflower production. Maximum temperature, diurnal temperature range, vapour pressure deficit and bright sunshine hours exhibited negative influence whereas, relative humidity exhibited positive influence on curd yield of cauliflower. Among the different planting times, 1st November planting was found to be ideal in the central region of Kerala, India in terms of higher yield and early maturity. In 1st November planting, the crop life was completed in 67.8 days with a mean curd yield of 532.2g. A multiple linear regression model was developed to predict the curd weight of cauliflower using the weather parameters experienced by the crop during the transplanting to curd initiation period.

V P Karthika, B Ajithkumar and *C Laly John

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 834-838
V L Prasanna, S K Patra and C R Mohanty
Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to assess the performance of five Asiatic hybrid lily varieties in the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during June 2013 to March 2014. The result of the study revealed that the five Asiatic hybrid lily varieties performed satisfactorily with respect to several parameters related to growth, flowering and bulb production. Plants grown under kharif season were found earliest to appear flower bud, bud break and flowering. Besides, it also recorded maximum values for length of flowering shoot and some vegetative parameters like plant height and basal stem diameter. Plants grown under winter season produced maximum number of leaves per plant. Besides, other characters like leaf length and width, leaf area, number of flower buds per shoot, length and width of flower and length of flower stalk also significantly improved under this growing season. It also recorded maximum value for duration of flowering, bloom life and bulb characters like circumference and weight of bulbs. Interaction of variety with growing season indicated that appearance of flower bud was earliest in var. New wave (v1) grown under S1 i.e. kharif season and the maximum delay for the same was observed in var. Orange Matrix (v2) grown under winter season. Var. Monte Negro (v5) grown under winter season produced maximum number of flower buds per shoot. Var. Nov Cento (v4) grown under S1 i.e. kharif season recorded the maximum flower shoot length among various combinations. On the other hand the minimum was recorded in var. Monte Negro (v5) grown under S2 i.e. winter season. Var. New Wave (v1) grown under S2 i.e. winter season recorded the maximum flower stalk length and the minimum was recorded in Monte Negro (v5) grown under S1 i.e. kharif season. Significantly higher weight of bulbs per plant was recorded under v1 x S2 and v4 x S1, while the minimum was recorded under v5 X S1. Var. Alaska (v3) grown under S2 i.e. winter season recorded the maximum circumference of bulb and the minimum was recorded in var. Monte Negro (v5) grown under S1 i.e. kharif season.

V L Prasanna, S K Patra and C R Mohanty

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 839-841
Misha Madhavan M, *V J Tarde and **K J Jishnu
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India *Extension Education Section, College of Agriculture, Kolhapur - 416 004, Maharashtra, India **Agricultural Economics Department, College of Agriculture (OUAT), Bhubaneswar - 751 003, Odisha, India
Abstract
The study noticed that majority of the Agricultural Assistants were from middle age group of 30 to 46 years (56.25%), males (83.33%), completed only the basic qualification for the job i.e. Agri. Diploma (56.25%) and had moderately favourable organizational climate (70.83%). Two-third (66.67%) of the respondents was having medium (5 to 21 years) work experience. Majority of the respondents were perceived their work load as overburden (55.21%), nature of work is as per the norms (53.12%), type of work as skilled (85.42%), allotted work as target oriented (80.21%) and time of work as more than office hours (54.17%). Considerable (45.83%) number of the respondents had medium level of exposure to training and nearly two-third (65.63%) of the Agricultural Assistants had medium level of information seeking behaviour. Three-fifth (60.42%) of the respondents was having better job performance and majority (63.54%) of the respondents was having medium satisfaction with their job. It is observed that the characteristics age, organizational climate, work experience, training exposure, information seeking behaviour, job performance and job satisfaction were having significant and negative relationship with constraints, while work load have significant and positive relationship.

Misha Madhavan M, *V J Tarde and **K J Jishnu

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 842-844
Rajendra Kumar Seth, Shah Alam and D N Shukla
Bharagawa Agricultural Botany Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad - 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
In current study, study of chemical and bio fertilizer on seed germination and yield of wheat during November to April 2014-2015. In the pots, the result was obtained highest seed germination 86.60%, 1000 grain weight 33.300 and yield increase 16.43% were recorded from farm yard manure (FYM) + NPK 50% + Gmax Nitromax in the T3 where as the lowest seed germination 73.30%, 1000 grain weight 31.400 and yield increase 9.79% were recorded from Farm yard manure (FYM) + NPK (recommended) in the T2. In the plots, the result was obtained highest seed germination 85%, 1000 grain weight 33.100 and yield increase 16.54% were recorded from farm yard manure (FYM) + NPK 50% + Gmax Nitromax in the T3 where as the lowest seed germination 75%, 1000 grain weight 32.600 and yield increase 14.78% were recorded from Farm yard manure (FYM) + NPK (recommended) in the T2- Gmax Nitromax is recommended for all crops except all kinds of cereals and legumes. Gmax Nitromax can be used to provide nitrogen, phosphatic nutrition and to provide plant protection from diseases along with plant growth promotion. Azotobacter gives excellent results when soils have rich organic matter content.

Rajendra Kumar Seth, Shah Alam and D N Shukla

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 845-848
Geeta Gaur, Mukesh Topwsal and Durvesh Kumar Singh
Department of Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263 145, U. S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken with 93 genotypes of chilli for 25 different quantitative characters viz plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), number of branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, weight of fruits/plant (g), fruit body length (cm), fruit stalk length (cm), fruit periphery (cm), days to 50% flowering, days to 50% fruit ripening, root weight (g/p), shoot weight (g/p), percent fruit dry weight (%), seed weight/100 g fruit, husk weight (g), 100 seed weight (mg), seed weight/ fruit (mg), number of seeds/plant, seed : husk ratio, seed yield per plant (g), LCV incidence (%), anthracnose (%), incidence of nematode (%), ascorbic acid (mg/100g) and total fruit yield (q/ha). Heritability estimates were high along with high genetic advance was observed for number of fruits/plant (30.97>25.51); shoot weight/plant (14.49<29.76) and ascorbic acid content (13.54> 10.62) which could be improved by simple selection.

Geeta Gaur, Mukesh Topwsal and Durvesh Kumar Singh

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 849-853
S M Mutanal, M V Mokashi, S M Ghatnatti, K N Pawar and H Y Patil
AICRP on Agroforestry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Forest operates as a vehicle for capturing additional carbon and as carbon reservoirs. Forest absorbs and store large quantities of carbon and also produces oxygen byproducts leading people to refer to them as lungs of the earth. Hence, present study is conducted to assess carbon sequestration from above ground biomass of natural forest. The study was made in dry deciduous of forest area of Prabhunagar, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The entire area of natural topographic undulating and is divided as top hill area, middle area, low area and valley area based on slopes. The stratification was made into 20 × 20 m in four sites in each slope. The density and type of species were assessed. The results indicate that the higher numbers of trees were found in middle hill area as compared to other slopes. The carbon sequestration and highest biomass was observed in the middle hill area as compared to other areas. Among the species, highest density, biomass and carbon sequestration was observed in the Anogesis latifolia as compared to other tree species exist in forest area.

S M Mutanal, M V Mokashi, S M Ghatnatti, K N Pawar and H Y Patil

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 854-859
Evansara Lyngkhoi and Amit Kanawjia
School of Agriculture ITM University, Gwalior - 475 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
Present study was done to evaluate the performance cultivars of gladiolus on the growth and floral character under gird region of Madhya Pradesh. The experimental was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The experiment comprised of the twelve treatments T1- Her Majesty, T2- Hunting Song, T3- Jester Gold, T4- Peter Pears, T5- Sapna, T6- Snow Princess, T7- Urmil, T8- White Friendship, T9- American Beauty, T10- Bindiya, T11- Gunjan, T12- Darshan. Data collected on different aspects were statistically analyzed for compatibility of the different varieties of gladiolus. The results revealed that among the different cultivars of gladiolus, T8- White Friendship performed better than all the other treatments and recorded maximum plant height (107.51cm), early to days to spike emergence (71.37) and days to first floret to show open (81.00), maximum number of florets opens at a time (4.22), number of florets per spike (16.07), rachis length (78.20 cm), spike length (93.93 cm) and diameter of corms (5.79 cm). The cultivar T2-Hunting Song also performed almost equally and obtained the position of second best treatment. The cultivar T3- Jester Gold was found to be lower in all the parameters and performed poorly in vegetative and flowering characters. Thus, it was concluded that T8- White Friendship is the most suitable cultivar of Gladiolus to get higher yield of spike length followed by T2- Hunting Song.

Evansara Lyngkhoi and Amit Kanawjia

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 860-863
Richa Choudhary, Gajendra Chandrakar and Sanjay Sharma
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
The investigation comparative bio-efficacy of neem based insecticides against gundhi bug on rice crop was carried out at Research cum Instructional Farm of Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during kharif, 2015 and six commercial biopesticides like, Neembaan Neemazal, Nimbecidine, Multineem, Neem oil, NSKE and a chemical insecticide i.e. Dinotefuran were evaluated against gundhi bug in the field conditions. All the biopesticides showed effective reduction of the pest. However, highest mortality was obtained from plot treated with Neem oil @ 5ml/l with overall mean of 3.54 bugs per five sweeps with 78.33% reduction per cent.

Richa Choudhary, Gajendra Chandrakar and Sanjay Sharma

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 864-867
Dipti and *Jitendra Singh
Department of Agricultural Economics, N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj - 224 229, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India *Directorate of Extension Education, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263 145, U. S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
The present study is undertaken to examine the costs and returns from cultivation of sugarcane in U.S. Nagar district of Uttarakhand. The study has used the primary data collected from 100 sugarcane growers using the stratified random sampling. Sample farmers were categorized as marginal, small, medium and large size of farms. The economics of sugarcane cultivation was estimated using the costs concept defined by CACP. The study reveals that on an average, cost of cultivation of sugarcane amounted to ₹ 123229.66 per hectare resulting in a total per hectare gross return of ₹ 178039.42 giving a benefit-cost ratio of 1.14. The cost of cultivation of sugarcane shows increasing trend with increase in the size of farms due to more investment of inputs in large farms than that of others. However, the cost of production was lower on large size farms due to economics of scale on one hand and higher yield on the others. On an average, family labour income and farm business income observed to be ₹ 127158.08 and ₹ 114898.40 ha-1 respectively, showing an increasing trend with an increase in size groups of farms due to higher yield of sugarcane on large size farms as compared to marginal farms.

Dipti and *Jitendra Singh

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 868-871
Pramod Kumar Sethy, *A Nandi and **P J Mishra
Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry, *AICRP on Vegetable Crops, **AICRP on Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Abstract
Survey work was undertaken in Kendrapara district of Odisha, to study the homestead agroforestry system with respect to socio-economic status of homestead farmers and constraints. Three blocks were selected and 40 respondents from two villages of each block were selected randomly for sampling. The study was conducted in six villages namely Badabaranga and Chakada of Kendrapara block, Nilakanthapur and Endara of Derabish block and Talakusuma and Arilo villages of Garadpur block of Kendrapara district. The survey was undertaken for field-level primary data. Results revealed that the homestead size was 12.50% of the total land holding in Kendrapara district. The average homestead size for large category was 0.33 ha whereas the medium, small and marginal categories were 0.180, 0.087 and 0.066 ha respectively. Annual income of homestead agroforestry systems ranged from Rs.5,833- Rs.23,565 and the contribution of homestead income varied from 4.82% to 17.65% in the study area. The share of homestead expenditure ranged from 2.25% to 5.27% in Kendrapara district, which indicates the low level of management of homestead agroforestry systems.

Pramod Kumar Sethy, *A Nandi and **P J Mishra

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 872-876
Dipti and *Jitendra Singh
Department of Agricultural Economics, N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj - 224 229, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India *Directorate of Extension Education, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263 145, U. S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
This study undertaken in Khatima block of U.S. Nagar district of Uttarakhand, which has highest population of tribal household was purposively selected for the study, has examine the yield gaps and to identify the constraints being perceived by the farmers in adoption of recommended wheat cultivation technology. The study has used the primary data collected from 40 tribal farmers using the random sampling. Sample farmers were categorized as marginal, small and medium size groups of farms. Yield gap-II defined as the difference between the potential yields obtained from on-farm trails and average yield realized by farmers in the same locality was estimated for wheat crop grown by the farmers in study area. The significance of yield gaps was tested using student’s t- test. For technology adoption level, a technology adoption index was constructed taking relevant parameters. To study the constraints faced by the farmers in the adoption of improved agricultural technologies for wheat crop, the Garrett’s ranking technique was used. Study reveals that the average farm yield was estimated to be higher from 1.5 per cent to 10 per cent across the farm size. It was observed that the level of improved farm technology adoption was encouraging in the study area. The overall average technology adoption index was 79.39 per cent. The overall technology adoption index was highest on medium farms (80.64%) followed by marginal farms (78.90%). First rank constraint with Garrett’s score of 94.88 was poor quality of seed responsible for use of higher seed rate. Poor quality of seed was also the first rank constraint for both marginal and small farmers. However in case of medium farmers the first rank constraint was early sowing of crop for allowing next crop sowing in time.

Dipti and *Jitendra Singh

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 877-880
Ishwar Singh Diwan, Neeraj Shukla and Dhananjay Sharma
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwayvidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012,Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
In the present investigation, ten genotypes of vegetable amaranthus were evaluated for their correlation and path coefficient analysis. The analysis of variance exhibited significant differences among the genotypes for all the 16 characters indicating the presence of substantial degree of variability. Highly significant and positive correlation with leaf yield was observed with plant height, plant weight, stem girth and seed yield, whereas leaf length and petiole length showed negative association with leaf yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that stem weight, 1000 seed weight, number of leaves, internodal length and panicle length were the most important yield components. Selection programme based on these characters is suggested for further improvement.

Ishwar Singh Diwan, Neeraj Shukla and Dhananjay Sharma

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 877-880
Ishwar Singh Diwan, Neeraj Shukla and Dhananjay Sharma
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwayvidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012,Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
In the present investigation, ten genotypes of vegetable amaranthus were evaluated for their correlation and path coefficient analysis. The analysis of variance exhibited significant differences among the genotypes for all the 16 characters indicating the presence of substantial degree of variability. Highly significant and positive correlation with leaf yield was observed with plant height, plant weight, stem girth and seed yield, whereas leaf length and petiole length showed negative association with leaf yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that stem weight, 1000 seed weight, number of leaves, internodal length and panicle length were the most important yield components. Selection programme based on these characters is suggested for further improvement.

Ishwar Singh Diwan, Neeraj Shukla and Dhananjay Sharma

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 881-884
S N C V L Pushpavalli
Agricultural Research Station (PJTSAU), Tandur - 501 141, Telangana, India
Abstract
The present experiment has been carried out to study genetic divergence and relationship among yield and yield components safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The experimental materials consisted of Twenty seven safflower genotypes evaluated in randomized block design at Agricultural Research, Tandur during Rabi 2013-14. The genotypes were grouped into six different clusters based on Mahalonobis D2 statistics. Test weight contributed to maximum genetic divergence followed by seed yield/plant among the genotypes studied. Genotypes in cluster IV recorded highest mean values for number of effective capitula/plant, number of seeds/capitula and seed yield/plant. The genotypes exhibited significant differences for all the characters studied. Broad sense heritability estimates was highest for 100-seed weight followed by number of seeds/capitulum and number of capitula/plant. Significant and positive correlation was observed between seed yield/plant and number of seeds/capitulum and number of capitula/plant. Path coefficient analysis indicated that days to 50% flowering (0.5470) exhibited maximum direct effect followed by 100-seed weight, number of capitula/plant and number of seeds/capitulum.

S N C V L Pushpavalli

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 885-887
Preeti Gawde, B P Katlam and Latesh Kawde
Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Agriculture University, Raipur - 492 006, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
Monitoring of yellow stem borer through pheromone trap and correlation with weather parameter was carried out in Research Cum Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Raipur (Chhattisgarh). Pheromone trap catches was used to forewarn regarding their outbreaks on which a correlation coefficient was developed for predicting moth catches in advance. Based on data, the catching of moth in trap was commenced as early as 45 standard weeks (3rd week of November) with its peak during 39 standard week (3rd week of September). Yellow stem borer moth catches in the pheromone found significantly positive correlated with the maximum (r = 0.689) and (r = 0.707) minimum temperature whereas non-significantly negative correlated with maximum relatively humidity, rainfall and sunshine hours r = -0.239, r = -0.079 and r =-0.020.

Preeti Gawde, B P Katlam and Latesh Kawde

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 888-890
Akanksha Pandey, M L Sharma and P K Pandey
Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisagarh, India
Abstract
Present study was carried out in 8 villages of 4 blocks in two selected district of Northern hills Agro-Climatic Zones of Chhattisgarh state. Total 120 tribal farmers were considered as respondents for purpose of this study. The studies indicated that most of the respondents were belonged to medium category with land size 2.1 to 4 ha. In the study area, 56.67 per cent respondents had irrigation facility and major source of irrigation was tubewell (58.82%). Regarding annual income, majority of the respondents had annual income up to ₹ 50,000. Regarding credit acquisition, majority of the respondents (65%) acquired credit and 49.17 per cent acquired from the cooperative society for the duration up to the 6 month, most of the respondents ware borrowed credit up to ₹ 10000 to 20000 for the purpose of purchasing fertilizers, seeds and other inputs. Regarding different seed sources maximum (35%) respondents obtained their seeds from the state seed corporation and authorized Seed sellers. About different aspects of seed availability to the farmers in seed management and production are i.e. timely availability of seed, 48.33 per cent respondents had always available, purity of seeds, most (72.5%) of the respondent had partially pure seeds, regarding seed cost, 65 per cent respondents had costly, availability as per requirement, 49.17 per cent respondents had sometimes available, about distance of availability of the seeds, most of the farmers (54.17%) purchase seeds in their own village respectively.

Akanksha Pandey, M L Sharma and P K Pandey

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 891-894
Prakash Tamagond, D M Chandargi and Sidramayya
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 102, Karnataka, India
Abstract
A study on farm facilitators under Bhoochetana programme was carried out during 2012-13 with the main objective of knowing their role perception in a purposively selected Raichur district of Karnataka state. A sample of 120 farm facilitators was selected on random from the selected three talukas. The study revealed that majority of farm facilitators (39.00%) were in medium role perception category. With regard to dimension, ‘submitting progress report’ majority (98.33%) of farm facilitators perceived properly the activity ‘regularly sending report on crop problems and management measures taken by farmers to KSDA’.

Prakash Tamagond, D M Chandargi and Sidramayya

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 895-897
Prakash Tamagond, D M Chandargi and V B Wali
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur - 584 102, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The present study was conducted in Raichur district of Karnataka state during 2013-14. To know the role perception and role performance of farm facilitators under Bhoochetana programme and to know the association between profile characteristics and role perception and role performance. It is clear from the results that majority of farm facilitators were in medium role perception category and majority of the farm facilitators were in medium role performance category. It is also clear that the education level, extension orientation, achievement motivation, job satisfaction and job autonomy of the farm facilitators were positively correlated with role perception of farm facilitators at one per cent level of significance. Age was negatively correlated at five per cent level of significance. Mass media participation, scientific orientation, social participation, training undergone were not significantly related. Education level, trainings undergone, extension orientation and job satisfaction of the farm facilitators had been positively correlated with role performance of farm facilitators at one per cent level of significance. Age was negatively correlated at one per cent level of significance. Social participation, mass media participation, job autonomy, achievement motivation and scientific orientation were not significant.

Prakash Tamagond, D M Chandargi and V B Wali

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 898-899
Life Cycle of Predatory Red Stink Bug, Euthyrhynchus floridanus Linnaeus (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) on Rice Meal Moth, Corcyra Cephalonica at Raipur, Chhattisgarh
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 012, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
Studies on the biology of red stink bug, Euthyrhynchus floridanus Linnaeus (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae) on Rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton conducted under laboratory condition at Raipur, Chhattisgarh, revealed that the bug, E. floridanus was found predating on the larvae of Corcyra cephalonica and observed to be an extremely beneficial insect which killed their prey by sucking the body content through a long, stout proboscis. The eggs where laid on the upper surface of leaves in clusters with 40-60 eggs per cluster. Eggs hatched in about 2 to 3 days. The 1st instar was approximately 1.0 mm long. Nymph had a blue –black head and thorax with red abdomen having dark central and lateral “stripes” composed of dorsal and lateral dark colored plates. Predatory activity began from 1st Instar stage and feed the larvae of Corcyra cephalonica as prey. 5th instar nymph was medium sized, approximately 12-13 mm in length and 8 mm in width. It was mottled brown/grey in color and could easily be recognized by the presence of sharp spines on either side of the thorax. This period lasted for 18-20 days and the total life cycle took about 38-50 days.

Life Cycle of Predatory Red Stink Bug, Euthyrhynchus floridanus Linnaeus (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) on Rice Meal Moth, Corcyra Cephalonica at Raipur, Chhattisgarh

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 900-902
H Patro and M Ray
Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station (OUAT), Keonjhar, Odisha, India
Abstract
Field experiments was conducted at AICRP on Groundnut, Bhubaneswar Centre, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha, during rabi-summer, 2013-14 to find out the effect of plant densities and fertilizer levels on the yield attributes and yield of groundnut. The treatments comprised of three different plant densities viz. 3.33 lakh ha-1 (30 cm × 10 cm), 4.00 lakh ha-1 (25 cm × 10 cm and @ 5.00 lakh ha-1 (20 cm × 10 cm) and three fertilizer levels viz. 75%, 100% and 125% NPK kg ha-1. The experiments were laid out in a split-plot design, replicated thrice. The results of the experiments revealed that among the different plant densities tried, plant density (3.33 lakh ha-1) recorded better yield attributes and pod yield of 2093 kg ha-1 with a B:C ratio of 2.1 during the year of experiment. Among the different fertilizer levels tried, 125% NPK recorded the maximum pod yield of 2341 kg ha-1 with a B:C ratio of 2.3. Even though 125% NPK recorded better yield attributes and yield, it was comparable with 100% NPK fertilizers.

H Patro and M Ray

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 903-904
Faheem Amin, Nissar Ahmed Qazi, *Sajad Hussain Dar and M Ashraf Ahanger
Division of Plant Pathology, *Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar - 191 121, J & K, India
Abstract
Ten fungicides both systemic and non-systemic namely carbendazim 50 WP (0.1%), hexaconazole 5 EC (0.03%), thiophanate methyl 75 WP (0.1%), difenoconazole 25 EC (0.03%), diniconazole 25 WP (0.04%), captan 50 WP (0.3%), chlorothalonil 75 WP (0.3%), mancozeb 75 WP (0.3%), copper oxychloride 50 WP (0.3%), dinocap 48 EC (0.05%) were sprayed four times at an interval of fourteen days on the susceptible rose cultivar (First Red) for the control of powdery mildew of rose Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae (Wallr. Fr.) deBary. The studies of two consecutive cropping seasons from 2010-2011 to 2011-12 showed the superiority of hexaconazole in managing the disease effectively followed by carbendazim, thiophanate methyl and dinocap. The fungicidal sprays also improve the quality of cut flowers.

Faheem Amin, Nissar Ahmed Qazi, *Sajad Hussain Dar and M Ashraf Ahanger

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 7 - Issue : 4 ; 905-906
Akshat Pandey and Vivekanand Sharma
Institute of Agriculture Science, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi - 284 128, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
The research experiment was carried out to investigate the efficacy of different substrates for oyster mushroom cultivation. Mushroom cultivation is a profitable agribusiness. Incorporation of non conventional crops in existing agricultural system can improve the economic status of the farmer. Mushrooms are the source of protein, vitamins and minerals and are anticancerous, anticholesteral, and antitumorous. Rice straw produced highest yield, biological efficiency and number of fruiting bodies, recommended as a best substrate for oyster mushroom cultivation.

Akshat Pandey and Vivekanand Sharma

| Published online : 10-Feb-2017