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P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.56

Volume - 10 - May-June 2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 473-479
Ravi Nandi* and S Nedumaran
Markets, Institutions, Nutrition and Diversity, Research Program for Innovation Systems for the Drylands at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru - 502 324, Hyderabad, Telangana
Abstract
Agriculture extension system bridges the gap between research labs to a farmer’s field. Agricultural research, education and extension are said to be the most critical for promoting farm productivity and enhancing farmer’s income. The public sector is major extension service provider and the reach of the public extension is limited in India and in addition it is burdened with non-extension responsibilities such as the distribution of subsidies and inputs, with little time left to attend to core extension activities. The objective of the article is to review the agricultural extension system in India to suggest pathways for better extension system in India. The public extension services are highly skewed towards crop husbandry ignoring allied sectors in India. Over the years the understaffed extension departments are burdened with non-extension works. The growth in the High-Value Agriculture sector has been twice or sometimes even thrice that of the crop production. However, Agriculture extension services for such sectors almost nil or unorganized. Further, extension personal are less than the recommended ratio of 1:750 at a national level. Hiring and training sufficient number of extension professionals in the sector can significantly contribute to the farmer’s income. India spent just 0.7 per cent of Agriculture GDP on agriculture research and education which includes extension and training, which is par below the recommended 2 per cent by the World Bank. The Government vision of achieving doubling of farmer’s income by 2022 without the successful delivery of agricultural extension to rural smallholder farmers is a daunting task if the issues not addressed timely.

Ravi Nandi* and S Nedumaran

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 480-485
Rakesh Sharma* and Ibajanai Kurbah1
Department of Soil Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Y. S. P. University of Horticulture and Forestry, Hamirpur - 177 001, Himachal Pradesh, India 1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Shimla at Rohroo, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
Abstract
The study has been conducted in one of the major apple producing district of Himachal Pradesh to assess the key soil characteristics influencing apple productivity and nutritional imbalances in the soil, if any, so as to use such information as a tool in formulating nutrient management plan and optimizing nutrient use for enhancing quality and productivity of apple in the western Himalayan region. The important soil characteristics indicated that soils are slightly acidic to neutral in soil reaction with high to very high per cent soil organic carbon and have normal EC values suitable for apple crop in the study area. The available N, P, K, Ca, Mg varied from 420-672, 16-188, 177-827, 570-2090, 395-1400 kg ha-1 respectively, whereas micro nutrients Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo ranged from 2.8- 53.3, 12-35, 1.0-4.3, 0.9-2.7, 0.40-1.7 and 0.14-0.4 ppm, respectively. Plant available macro and micro nutrient (except B and Fe) were found sufficient in most of the orchards. About 28 and 11% apple orchard soils were found deficient in B and Fe content. Multiple regression analysis indicated 87.7, 98.4 and 88.5 per cent variation in yield at Nichar, Kalpa and Pooh block, respectively, was due to variations in different soil properties. Investigations clearly emphasized that soil characteristics like soil pH, EC, organic carbon, plant available micro nutrients (B, Mo, Cu and Zn) significantly affected yield of apple in the region.

Rakesh Sharma* and Ibajanai Kurbah1

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 486-489
B P Godhani, K P Baraiya and T Anandmurthy*
Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh - 326 001, Gujarat, India
Abstract
The population dynamics of thrips, S. dorsalis on chilli crop grown by means of without mulch, partial-plastic (silver-black) mulch, full-plastic (silver-black) mulch and wheat straw mulch methods were studied at Junagadh (South Saurashtra Agroclimatic Zone) during kharif-2016. The thrips infestation commenced in 31st standard week and the pest population multiplied very fast from 34th to 43rd standard week and reached at peak 69.5, 11.07, 19.97 and 39.62 thrips per three tiwg with above respective methods during 44th standard week. The correlation study indicated that maximum temperature (r= 0.775 to 0.802), mean bright sunshine hours (r= 0.741 to 0.764), maximum soil temperature at 1cm depth (r= 0.648 to 0.666) and 10 cm depth (r= 0.596 to 0.607) having significant positive correlation with thrips population in without mulch, partial-plastic mulch, full-plastic mulch and wheat straw mulch. However, minimum temperature (r= -0.711 to -0.717), morning (r= -0.757 to -0.769) and evening (r= -0.823 to -0.834) relative humidity and minimum soil temperature at 1cm depth (r= -0.681 to -0.693) and 10cm depth (r= -0.665 to -0.678) having significant negative correlation with thrips population in without mulch, partial-plastic mulch, full-plastic mulch and wheat straw mulch. Further maximum soil temperature at 20 cm depth (r= 0.074 to 0.083) remain non-significant positive correlation and minimum soil temperature at 20 cm depth (r= -0.247 to -0.263) remain non-significant negative correlation with thrips population in without mulch, partial-plastic mulch, full-plastic mulch and wheat straw mulch. The population of thrips found very less in partial-plastic mulch method (0.2 to 11.07 thrips per three twig) throughout the crop season. Full-plastic much method found next best treatment having population of thrips (0.35 to 19.97 thrips per three twig). Wheat straw mulch method have slightly higher population of thrips (0.7 to 39.62 thrips per three twig). However, without mulch having population dynamics of thrips (1.2 to 69.5 thrips per three twig). Thus, it can be concluded that partial-plastic mulching gave good benefit for naturally reduction of thrips population.

B P Godhani, K P Baraiya and T Anandmurthy*

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 490-493
R Raja Priya1* and N K Prabhakaran2
1Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India 2Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar - 628 451, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
To study the pressure of weeds on maize productivity, a field experiment was carried out at Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during kharif season of 2015. The effect of eight weed control practices viz. stale seed bed followed by one hand weeding on 30 DAS, stale seed bed followed by twin wheel hoe weeder weeding on 30 DAS, mulching with crop residue @ 5 t ha-1 applied at sowing, intercropping with sunnhemp and incorporation on 40 DAS, intercropping with fodder cowpea, twin wheel hoe weeder weeding on 15 and 30 DAS, hand weeding on 15 and 30 DAS and unweeded control was investigated by using maize hybrid COH (M) 6. Mulching with crop residue @ 5 t ha-1 applied at sowing produced more number of grains per cob (531.9), maximum cob size, more grain (7335 kg ha-1) and biological yield (10593 kg ha-1) in maize. Therefore, application of crop residue as mulching is recommended for obtaining higher productivity of maize.

R Raja Priya1* and N K Prabhakaran2

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 494-496
V R Mandave*, S A Kadam and S D Gorantiwar
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Dr. Annasaheb Shinde College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology (MPKV), Rahuri - 413 722, District Ahmadnagar, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The drainage coefficients for agricultural land were estimated through the rainfall analysis. The daily rainfall data of 33 years (1980-2012) of Nasik district was used for its depth- duration- frequency analysis to get one to five consecutive days’ rainfall values for 2, 5, and 10 years recurrence interval (RI). The drainage coefficient s (DC) were estimated by considering 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm/hr basic infiltration rates of the soil. The average estimated drainage coefficient (DC) varies between 1.44mm to 59.56mm for 2 years RI, 3.44mm to 90.67mm for 5 years RI and 4.33mm to 106.11mm for 10 years RI for Nasik District for one day maximum rainfall. However, in case of two consecutive days maximum rainfall the estimated values of DC varies between 1.22mm to 72.78mm for 2 years RI, 3.78mm to 117.11mm for 5 years RI and between 5mm to 138.33mm for 10 years RI. In case of three consecutive days maximum rainfall the corresponding values of DC are 0.33 mm to 72.56 mm for 2 years RI, 3.33 mm to 125 mm for 5 years RI and between 4.78 mm to 149.33 mm for 10 years RI. For four consecutive days maximum rainfall the corresponding values of DC are between 0.78 mm to 63.56 mm for 2 years RI, 2.44 mm to 126.56 mm for 5 years RI and between 4.67 mm to 156.89 mm for 10 years RI. For five consecutive days maximum rainfall the corresponding values of DC are between 0.33 mm to 14.11 mm for 2 years RI, 1.56 mm to 121 mm for 5 years RI and between 3.56 mm to 151.56 mm for 10 years RI. In general it was observed that the drainage coefficient increases with increase in recurrence interval and decreases with increase in infiltration rate of the soil. It was also observed that the soils with basic infiltration rate between 1 to 3 mm/hr may necessarily be provided with agricultural drainage as per the tolerance period of the different crops grown in Nasik District. Further, the spatial distribution maps of drainage coefficients were developed by using the GIS techniques.

V R Mandave*, S A Kadam and S D Gorantiwar

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 497-500
A Srinivas*, N Srividya Rani, P Rajasekhar and R V S K Reddy1
Krish Vigyan Kendra, Pandirimamidi, Rampachodavaram - 533 288, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India 1Director of Extension, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, V. R. Gudem, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh
Abstract
Jowar (Sorghum) is the fifth most important cereal crop after wheat, rice, maize and barley. More than half of the world is growing sorghum in semi arid zones, where it is a staple food for millions of poor and hungry people. Sorghum new variety CSV-15 have been introduced by KVK, Pandirimamidi from 2013-16 in agency Mandals of East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. The demonstrations were carried out in collaboration with Indian Institute of Millet Research, Hyderabad under the Tribal Sub Plan. Krishi Vigyan Kendra has provided improved variety CSV-15 with seed treatment, recommended dose of fertilizer application and Integrated Pest and Disease management. This variety recorded high yield @ 25 q/ha as compared to Local variety @ 15 q/ha, average net returns of ₹ 45,000/- (Rupees forty five thousand only) from improved variety and ₹ 28,000/- from the local variety. By providing value chain linkage through Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Pandirimamidi has given Millet Value Addition training to the sorghum millet growers i.e. SHG group members, given the machinery unit suitable for millet biscuit and bakery making under ICAR-TSP, with the support of ITDA, Rampachodavaram provided marketing facilities through GCC and other linkages for Schools, Hostels and Super markets getting an additional income & improved their economic status. 1 kg of biscuits sale price getting an amount of ₹ 200/- and each SHG group is producing 1500 kgs in a month getting an income of ₹ 3,00,000/- (Rupees three lakhs only) per month coming to a production cost of ₹ 1,50,000/-, Net profit is ₹ 1,50,000 for 10 SHG members.

A Srinivas*, N Srividya Rani, P Rajasekhar and R V S K Reddy1

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 501-507
R Mahendran*, J Vanitha and M Raveendran
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
AMMI model has found more use recently since it incorporates both the classical additive main effects model for G x E interaction and the multiplicative components in to an integrated least square analysis and thus becomes more effective in selection of stable genotypes. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major cereal staple food crops consumed by more than 50 per cent of the world’s population. In India, rice cultivation is more affected by climate change and it contributes to yield loss and in severe cases results in crop failure both of which leads to economic losses. Grain yield declined by 10% for each 1ºC increase in minimum temperature in the dry season whereas the effect of maximum temperature was insignificant. Total of 69 germplasm lines collected from IRRI and used for this analysis. In the present Investigation, Karif 2012 (S1), summer 2013 (S2) and summer 2014 (S3) were chosen as different environments to assess stable performance of selected rice germplasm lines for yield traits. It is noted that the variety A421, A264, A426, A467, A289, A233, A236, A237, A255, A258, A265, A280, A329, A347, A361, A425, A512, A460 and A302 showed higher single plant yield than all other varieties over all the environments.

R Mahendran*, J Vanitha and M Raveendran

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 508-511
J Karthik Kumar, Umesha, A A Fazal* and H K Ranganath1
Department of Food Science and Technology, *Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Agriculture, Hassan - 573 225, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Pappads are cereal or legume based processed food products, which are consumed after deep fat frying as savoury. In the present investigation, Fibre and Protein rich multigrain flour pappad was prepared by incorporation of pearl millet, wheat, rice, soya, black gram flour and eggs (nos) in the proportions of 0:30:40:15:15:0 (Control), 15:25:30:15:15:2 (T1), 20:20:20:20:20:2 (T2), 25:10:15:25:25:2 (T3) respectively. Proximate analysis such as moisture, ash, protein, crude fibre, fat; and the mineral analysis such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium content were conducted for the all products and it was found that there was a considerable increase in all the chemical constituents with addition of pearl millet, soy flour, black gram flour and eggs compared to control. Fried pappads were subjected to sensory evaluation by semi trained panelists by using 7 point hedonic scale. Sensory scores were varied with the variation in the flour percentage. However, highest sensory scores were obtained for pappads made from composite mix of 20:20:20:20:20:2 (pearl millet flour: wheat flour: rice flour: soya flour: black gram flour: eggs) when compared with that of other treatments.

J Karthik Kumar, Umesha, A A Fazal* and H K Ranganath1

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 512-515
Ramjee Lal Meena* and B Jirli
Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
The study was conducted at Bassi and Gamwaramgarh Blocks in Jaipur district of Rajasthan. Out of the selected blocks, five villages from each block were selected randomly. Therefore, a total number of 10 villages were selected. The proportionate random sampling was followed to select 200 mustard growing farmers as the respondents for the present study. The data indicated that out of total respondents, (67.5%) of the respondents were having medium level of information input behavior, the majority (69.5%) of the respondents were having medium level of information processing behavior, (65.0%) of the respondents were having medium level of information output behavior, (64.5%) of the respondents were having medium level of overall communication behavior.

Ramjee Lal Meena* and B Jirli

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 516-520
Anagha Balan and P Rajkumar
Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute (TNAU), Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Open sun drying is the most commonly followed method to dry banana slices. Solar tunnel driers were developed to overcome some of the drawbacks of open sun drying. The solar tunnel dryers also faced disadvantages like unsuitability in drying during night and cloudy atmosphere. A hybrid dryer with 10 kg capacity was designed and developed to overcome all these drawbacks of drying. Under solar tunnel dryer, the average time taken by 2 mm slice Rastali variety to get dried to a moisture content level of 16 ± 2% was 9 h. Under solar – electrical and solar – biomass combination drying it took 7 and 8 hours respectively for drying banana slices to the desired moisture content level. During open sun drying it took more than 12 hours to dry the sample.

Anagha Balan and P Rajkumar

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 521-525
M Theradimani*1, S Thangeshwari1, M Arulsamy1 and S Parthasarathy2
1Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute (TNAU), Madurai - 625 104, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu
Abstract
Among the different Pleurotus spp. Pleurotus djamor, Pleurotus eous and Pleurotus flabellatus were assessed for the degradation of coir pith. Of the three fungi tested, Pleurotus djamor degraded the coirpith with maximum cellulose and laccase activity followed by Pleurotus flabellatus. Pleurotus eous showed the least enzyme activity. Pleurotus djamor degraded the coirpith to the maximum level by decreasing the cellulose, lignin, carbon content and increased the nitrogen content there by C:N ratio gets narrowed down. As C:N ratio is considered to be the index for the degradation, Pleurotus djamor was found to be an effective degrader of coirpith and reduced the rice sheath blight and sheath rot incidence.

M Theradimani*1, S Thangeshwari1, M Arulsamy1 and S Parthasarathy2

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 525-529
A Premalatha*1 and P R Suresh2
1ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tirunelveli - 627 852, Tamil Nadu, India 2Collge of Agriculture (Kerala Agriculture University), Padanakkad - 671 328, Kerala, India
Abstract
Field experiment was conducted during 2015-16 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nileshwar with aim to study the effect of micronutrient mixture as a foliar spray on leaf nutrient status of essential plant nutrients in banana var. Nendran. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments and three replications including control. The treatments consisted of 4 levels of micronutrient mixture (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) sprayed at 3 different intervals. The 3 different sprays scheduled were one spray was given at 2 MAP, two sprays at 2 and 4 MAP and three sprays at 2, 4 and 6 MAP. The results emerged out from this study indicated that, foliar spraying of micronutrient mixture showed significant influence on leaf nutrient content of banana at bunching stage and at the time of harvest. Except nitrogen all other elements viz. P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, B, Fe, Mn, Mo and Cu content of leaves increased at one or both stages of observation. 3 percent spray with 3 times of application found to be significant and helps to obtain sufficient leaf nutrient content of Banana.

A Premalatha*1 and P R Suresh2

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 530-533
U Hari Krishna*, R Vijaya Kumari, K Suhasini and M H V Bhave
Department of Agricultural Economics, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar - 500 030, Hyderabad, Telangana
Abstract
National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) serves as an effective institutional mechanism to cope with production risks. The study has assessed the impact of NAIS on cotton farming in Mahaboobnagar district of Telangana. It has a special influence on the utilization of high value inputs, which in turn has contributed for enhancing returns from farming. It can be observed that insured farmers have invested more on hired human, machine and bullock labour, seeds, manures, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals, etc than non-insured farmers mainly because of guaranteed compensation from NAIS.

U Hari Krishna*, R Vijaya Kumari, K Suhasini and M H V Bhave

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 534-536
Sevak Das*1 and Mukesh Kumar2
1Department of Agricultural Meteorology, C. P. College of Agriculture 2Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Horticulture, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
Abstract
A study was undertaken to investigate the impact of climatic factors on crop productivity of wheat in Banaskantha district of Gujarat. The weekly weather data of past 30 years (1982-83 to 2011-12) of temperature, relative humidity, bright sunshine hours and rainfall recorded at Agromet Observatory, Sardarkrushinagar were used in the study. The yield of wheat for Banaskantha district was obtained from Directorate of Agriculture, Gujarat state, Gandhinagar for the corresponding years. Simple and weighted weather indices were generated for each weather variables and then used to develop stepwise regression equation. The results revealed that the model had significant R2 = 0.67 with standard error of estimation of 168.40. The forecasting model was also tested with three years i.e. 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15 independent data sets. The performance of model was found in good agreement with actual yield. The error percent between observed and predicted yields varied in between 12.2 to 15.4% during the validation years. Thus, the model could be used to forecast of wheat yield successfully with reasonable accuracy.

Sevak Das*1 and Mukesh Kumar2

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 537-542
Sinki Barman*, Niranjan Deka and Pallavi Deka
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Assam Agricultural University), Simoluguri, Nagaon - 782 002, Assam, India
Abstract
The present study was undertaken in Nagaon district of Assam, India. The objective of the study was identify the existing marketing channel of tender and matured nuts, examine channel wise marketing cost and marketing margin for tender matured coconut and Price spread analysis for different marketing channels of tender and matured nuts. Primary data were collected from 100 farmers of four villages was selected for the study. Three marketing channels of matured nuts and our marketing channels of tender nuts were identified .Highest marketing cost were observed where more number of intermediaries involved in the channel both tender and matured nuts. The price spread analysis of different marketing channels of matured nuts and tender nut showed that the producer’s share in the consumer’s rupee was highest in channel where no intermediaries were involved both in tender as well as matured nuts. Amongst those producer-consumer was effective where produces’ share in consumers’ rupee were 85 per cent and 96 percent in case tender and matured nut respectively.

Sinki Barman*, Niranjan Deka and Pallavi Deka

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 543-546
Korla Harshavardhan*1 and J John Gunasekar2
1Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, 2Farm Machinery and Bio Energy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
It is well known that the rampant increase for the demand of electricity and rapid depletion of the fossil fuels has called for immediate response in the direction of energy sufficiency. To accomplish this, one of the important tasks is to identify the location of high potential for the renewable energy generation. It is well established fact that solar energy proved to be the most sought-after source for energy generation. Solar water heating is not only environmentally friendly but requires minimal maintenance and operation cost compared to other solar energy applications. SWH systems are cost effective with an attractive payback period of 2–4 years depending on the type and size of the system. This paper details the research, design and installation of the solar water-heating systems at Garudakhandi village, Palasa Mandal, Andhra Pradesh, India. The project was taken to know useful solar heat energy, costing of total solar water heating systems for whole village and a simple pay back period for the whole system.

Korla Harshavardhan*1 and J John Gunasekar2

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 547-551
Gazanfer Gani, Z A Rather, I T Nazki, F A Khan, S A Mir, K Parveen and Raiz Ahmed Lone*
Division of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, S. K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar - 125 005, Jammu and Kashmir
Abstract
Studies were conducted to study the effect of different nutrient sprays in tulips grown under different environmental conditions under the agro- ecological conditions of Tulip Garden, Cheshmashahi Srinagar Kashmir during two successive years 2016-17 and 2017-18. Water soluble fertilizer NPK (19-19-19) was sprayed with four different concentrations 0, 2, 4 and 6g per liter of water and CalMax Gold at the rate of 1 ml per liter in two tulip cultivars Blushing lady and Ile-de-france. Relative growth rate and complete plant senescence were significantly influenced by the different environments, cultivars and nutrient sprays. Plants grown under shade recorded maximum values for both RGR and days to plant senescence. Between the cultivars, cv. Blushing lady put forth the highest values for both the parameters studied. Nutrient spray N4 (NPK: 19-19-19 @6 g-l) reported the highest mean values for both RGR and plant senescence. Both the parameters were further improved with combined use of NPK: 19-19-19 and CalMax Gold against the sole application of NPK. Treatment N7 (NPK: 19-19-19 @ 6 g-l + CalMax Gold @1ml-l) recorded the maximum values for RGR of shoot and bulb as well as for complete plant senescence.

Gazanfer Gani, Z A Rather, I T Nazki, F A Khan, S A Mir, K Parveen and Raiz Ahmed Lone*

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 552-557
uhail Fayaz Bhat1*, A A Saad2, Amjid Masood3, Aijaz Nazir4 and Kowsar Rasool5
Suhail Fayaz Bhat1*, A A Saad2, Amjid Masood3, Aijaz Nazir4 and Kowsar Rasool5
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, Sopore during kharif 2016. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications having six main plot treatments of tillage and cropping system [i. Conventional tillage- sole maize (CSM); ii. Conventional tillage- sole bean (CSB) iii. Conventional tillage- intercropping of maize with bean in 1:1(CMB) iv. Zero tillage- sole maize (ZSM) v. Zero tillage- sole bean (ZSB) vi. Zero tillage- intercropping of maize with bean in 1:1 (ZMB)] supplemented with three sub-plot treatments of fertility level [(Maize sole and intercropping: i. Control (No fertilizer) ii. 75% RFD (67.5 kg N, 37.5 kg P2O5, 15 kg K2O ha-1) iii. 100% RFD (90 kg N, 45 kg P2O5, 20 kg K2O ha-1) Bean sole: i. Control (No fertilizer) ii. 75% RFD (22.5 kg N, 45 kg P2O5, 22.5 kg K2O ha-1) iii. 100% RFD (30 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 30 kg K2O ha-1)]. The results revealed that highest yield of maize (2.96 and 3.24 t ha-1) and bean (1.37 and 1.54 t ha-1) was recorded with conventional tillage- sole maize (CSM) and Conventional tillage- sole bean cropping system and 100% RFD (90 kg N, 45 kg P2O5, 20 kg K2O ha-1) fertility level and was at par with conventional tillage- intercropping of maize with bean in 1:1 (CMB).

uhail Fayaz Bhat1*, A A Saad2, Amjid Masood3, Aijaz Nazir4 and Kowsar Rasool5

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 558-562
A K Dehinwal*, S K Pahuja, Ramesh Kumar, M S Bochalya1 and Chitralekha2
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 1Department of Plant Pathology, 2Department of Entomology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study economic heterosis in forage sorghum. Hybrids and parents were evaluated at two locations with two dates of sowing during the kharif season of 2015-16. Data on five randomly taken plants from each genotype in each replication were recorded on different fodder yield and its attributing characters in all the four environments at first cut (55 days after sowing) and second cut (45 days after first cut). Highest heterosis over the first check (SSG 59-3) for green fodder yield over all the four environments was shown by 465A × HJ 513 (87.27%) in E1 followed by 9A × IS 2389 (77.97%) in E2, 9A × G 46 (66.06%) in E1 and 467A × G 46 (64.00%) in E4. Along with green fodder yield this hybrid (465A × HJ 513) also exhibited better heterosis for dry fodder yield (65.31%) and leaf breadth (49.29%). The cross showing high heterosis over the second check (MFSH 4) for green fodder yield were 9A × IS 2389 (75.00%) in E2, 465A × HJ 513 (68.85%) in E1 and 465A × HJ 513 (58.89%) in E2. Hence study of heterosis helps to exploit the vigour with present genetic variability that helps to achieve a quantum jump in yield.

A K Dehinwal*, S K Pahuja, Ramesh Kumar, M S Bochalya1 and Chitralekha2

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 563-567
G Vidhya* and G Sashidevi
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Community Science College and Research Institute (TNAU), Madurai - 625 104, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
CO-1 Oyster mushroom gravy was prepared, packed in retort pouches (250 g) and processed in retort at the product temperature of 121.1°C and the corresponding F0 value of 10.5. The product was stored at ambient temperature (35±2°C) up to 180 days. The sensory scores for oyster mushroom gravy decreased significantly however the scores were rated acceptable even on 180th day. The acid value increased gradually during storage but bacteria, yeast and mould could not be detected during the entire storage period. The cost of production of CO-1oyster mushroom gravy (250 g) was Rs.63. It was concluded that the retort processed CO-1oyster mushroom gravy can be safely stored up to 180 days at ambient temperature.

G Vidhya* and G Sashidevi Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 568-571
Neeraj Kumar*, Rajveer Khatri, Ravish Panchta and Satyawan Arya
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
Abstract
Fifty diverse accessions of cluster bean were evaluated to study the variability, heritability and genetic advance for nine characters. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was slightly higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters. The highest heritability recorded for the days to maturity (94.53%) and lowest for the number of seeds per pod (56.79). The genetic advance varied from 12.04 for days to 50% flowering to 58.97 for seed yield per plant. However, high heritability estimates was associated with high predicted genetic advance for number of branches per plant, no of pods per plant, seed yield per plant and plant height. These traits were mostly governed by additive gene action. Due to additive gene action mass selection may be useful for the genetically improvement of these traits.

Neeraj Kumar*, Rajveer Khatri, Ravish Panchta and Satyawan Arya

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 572-576
Manisha Dutta1*, Pritam Mohan2 and Pranati Das3
1,3Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat - 785 013, Assam, India 2Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat - 785 013, Assam, India
Abstract
The study was undertaken with an objective of in-vivo studies for quality assessment of the developed complementary food formulated from available and affordable staple foods. Formulations were subjected to sensory evaluation and the three best were considered for further assessment under in-vivo experiment. Acceptability trials were conducted using the nine-point Hedonic scale. ANOVA was done using SPSS and the means were tested for significance at 5% probability level to find out if there is any significant difference between treatments. Results of the in-vivo studies revealed that the highest weight gain and maximum food intake was observed in group III with lowest food conversion efficiency (FCE) in group III indicating better quality of the formulation when compared to others. The blood glucose levels of the animals did not differ significantly until 7th day of the experiment. However, on day 14 and 21, the decrease in the blood glucose level was more in group II followed by group III and IV. The total blood protein levels of the experimental animals did not differ significantly until 14th day of the experiment. The formulated food can be used by rural population and also encourages entrepreneurship.

Manisha Dutta1*, Pritam Mohan2 and Pranati Das3

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 577-580
K Dhanyasree, A Sobhana and Amal Premachandran
College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Fruit Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India
Abstract
Bananas and plantains are deeply linked with the traditional culture of Kerala and the state is known for having one of the largest biodiversity of Musa spp. Rasthali is one of the choicest banana cultivars for table purpose. The vast difference in agroclimatic conditions under which the variety is grown, is likely to generate many clones with high amount of variability. This study describes variability among different clones of Rasthali conducted during 2017-18 at Banana Research Station, Kannara under Kerala Agricultural University. Seven Rasthali clones (AAB group) were evaluated for genetic parameters. The design was RBD with three replications. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, heritability and genetic gain were estimated for fifteen characters. Assessment of variability present among different characters helps for better selection of desirable types and in turn for further crop improvement programmes. High value of GCV and PCV were noted in sugar-acid ratio, fruit weight and leaf area and which would be useful for further selection. High estimates of heritability along with high genetic gain were observed for sugar acid ratio, fruit weight, fruit length and leaf area which indicted that and these characters can be exploited for the breeding programmes.

K Dhanyasree, A Sobhana and Amal Premachandran

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 581-584
D P Malik, Nisha Sharma and Neeraj Pawar*
Department of Agricultural Economics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
Abstract
This study attempts to overview the scenario of organic farming in world and Indian conditions. India is bestowed with lot of potential to produce all varieties of organic products due to its various agro-climatic regions. India ranked ninth position in terms of global organic agricultural land and in terms of total number of producers: it was at top position. The organic market expansion has made it possible for farmers to reap the benefits of premium price through export of products. Organic agriculture is one of the fastest growing agribusiness sectors in the world, with double-digit annual growth in land under organic cultivation, value of organic products and number of organic farmers. It has been argued that the organic farming is productive and sustainable but there is need for strong policy support in the form of incentives/subsidies and creation of infrastructure for marketing, processing and value addition.

D P Malik, Nisha Sharma and Neeraj Pawar*

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 585-588
C Anand* and N Revathy
Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute (TNAU), Madurai - 625 104, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
In this study, antagonistic effect of 5 isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf-Kp, Pf-Tp, Pf-Al, Pf-Be, Pf-Ke), Bacillus subtilis (Bs-Kp, Bs-Tp, Bs-Al, Bs-Be, Bs-Ke) and Trichoderma spp. (Tsp-Kp, Tsp-Tp, Tsp-Al, Tsp-Be, Tsp-Ke) were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi as potential biocontrol agents under in vitro. Fungal growth inhibition tests against biocontrol agents were performed by dual culture plate assay. Standard isolate of Trichoderma viride (TV1), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf1) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs1) were used as check in this experiment. Six isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma spp. were tested for the antagonistic efficacy and they were shown their inhibitory effect against the chrysanthemum wilt pathogen in the dual-culture assay.

C Anand* and N Revathy

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 589-591
N Krishna Priya* and S M Muneendra Naidu
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (ANGRAU), Nellore - 524 004, District Sri Potti Sreeramulu, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
To understand the adoption levels and constraints of soil health card the present study was undertaken in two mandals (Poddalakur and Nellore Rural) comprising of 40 Soil Testing Based beneficiaries in Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh. The findings of study revealed that majority of the farmers had low level of adoption (52.5%), followed by medium (27.5%) and high level of adoption (20%) respectively. Among constraints, difficulty to understand the information on SHC ranks first followed by getting the SHC card for the sake of free zinc supplied by the Department of Agriculture ranks second, difficulty in calculating the fertilizer dose on the basis of nutrient status of the soil ranks third, Illiteracy of the farmers ranks fourth, not knowing about soil sample collection procedure correctly ranks fifth, lack of awareness about SHC ranks sixth. The suggestion offered for the increase of soil health card adoption by the farmers were Method of calculating the fertilizer dose on the basis of nutrient status of the soil should be given on SHC, Training should be given on soil sample collection procedure and also its importance and Contact number should be given in the SHC.

N Krishna Priya* and S M Muneendra Naidu

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 592-599
R Unnikrishnan1* and U Bagavathi Ammal2
1Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 2Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal - 609 603, Nedungadu Post, Puducherry
Abstract
A field experiment was also conducted with three sources of P viz. fertilizer control, SSP and RP (recommended dose of P was added through RP and SSP) which were tried with tank silt addition (control, silt 5 t ha-1) and organic manures (control, FYM at 2 t ha-1, Pressmud at 2 t ha-1 and Spent wash at 2 t ha-1). The test crop was bhendi hybrid Sakthi and the treatments were replicated thrice in a factorial randomised block design. The fruit samples were drawn at 5th, 12th and 19th picking of bhendi and analysed for quality parameters. The biometrical observations were also taken and final fruit yield was recorded by totalling the fruits harvested from all the pickings. The results of field experiment had shown that among the different sources of phosphatic fertilizers, the URP blended with pressmud and tank silt had registered higher yield and dry matter production. It was observed that the URP blended with pressmud and tank silt was next to SSP, indicating its superiority over farm yard manure and spent wash. It was further noticed that this treatment had resulted in higher biometrical observations viz. plant height and number of branches per plant and yield parameters like fruit length, fruit girth and fruit weight. Application of rock phosphate with press mud and tank silt had significant influence on N, P and K uptake by bhendi fruit but plant P uptake was significantly influenced by application of SSP.

R Unnikrishnan1* and U Bagavathi Ammal2 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 600-604
Akshata Ramannanavar* and Shobha Nagnur
Department of Extension and Communication Management, College of Community Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Training in any form is intrinsic to organizational effectiveness and efficiency. It is important for organizational effectiveness and survival in a world of ever changing technologies. The present investigation was undertaken to identify the training needs of the Subject Matter Specialists (SMSs) with respect to their field of specialization. This study was conducted in 31 KVKs of Karnataka state. A pre-structured questionnaire was sent to all the SMS through mail out of which 120 SMS’s responded. Collected data was subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The specific areas of trainings demanded by the SMS’s are: horticultural crop production and post-harvest technologies in Horticulture, post-harvest technologies and income generating activities in Home Science, Integrated Pest Management, economic entomology in Entomology, plant protection measures, production and use of bio agents in Plant protection, crop production techniques and soil conservation methods in Agronomy, soil nutrient management and soil analysis in Soil Science, Agricultural scientific writing and communication skills and information and communication technologies in Extension and Sustainable dairy farming in animal science and other areas like, entrepreneurship and marketing.

Akshata Ramannanavar* and Shobha Nagnur

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 605-610
Bini Sam*
Krisi Vigyan Kendra (Kerala Agricultural University), Sadanandapuram, Kottarakkara - 691 531, Kerala, India
Abstract
Ergonomic and safety aspects need to be emphasized for workability and drudgery reduction while designing all categories of farm equipment including small hand tools. At present there are different models of brush cutters available in the market. The safety and efficiency aspects of brush cutters are not being studied and needs to be evaluated. Therefore a study was undertaken to ergonomically evaluate the commercially available two stroke and four stroke models of brush cutters with different cutting mechanism such as nylon wire, two blade cutter head and three blade cutter head. Five subjects were selected, those having anthropometric dimensions conforming to statistical requirements based on the anthropometric survey. Maximum heart rate of 150.78 beats min-1 was observed for two stroke model while operation of four stroke model showed a value of 140.81beats min-1. Energy expenditure was also lowest for four stroke model brush cutter. A significant increase in heart rate and energy expenditure was noticed while operating different cutter heads in the order of nylon wire, two blade cutter head and three blade cutter head for both models. The energy expended was maximum with a value of 29.88 kJ min-1 while operating the two stroke model with three blade cutter attachment and was minimum (22.24 kJ min-1) for four stroke model with nylon wire. Average heart rate before 9 am was 142.99 beats min-1 while after 11 am it was increased to 153.73 beats min-1. The body part discomfort score value was maximum in the operation of two stroke model with three blade attachment, where as it was minimum in the operation of four stroke model with nylon head.

Bini Sam*

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 611-613
Prashant Natikar* and P Meganathan
Silkworm Seed Production Centre, National Silkworm Seed Organization, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, Hosur - 635 126, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Silkworm Seed Production Centre, National Silkworm Seed Organization, Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, Hosur - 635 126, Tamil Nadu, India

Prashant Natikar* and P Meganathan

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 614-617
Priyatoma Reang, Robertjit Ngangom and Ankan Das*
Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, 51/2 Hazra Road, Kolkata - 700 019, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Pomegranate a very important fruit having tremendous therapeutic potential, was selected for the study. Fully mature fruits were brought to the laboratory. Thereafter the arils from them were brought out and subjected to citric acid solution of 1% followed by blanching in hot water for 5 seconds and immediate steeping in 0.2% solution of potassium metabisulphite. The arils after this were dehydrated in a hot air oven (60-70°C). The dehydrated arils were then packed in five different types of packaging treatments. The sealed packets were kept inside desiccators at ambient condition. Various physical and chemical attributes were analyzed at zero days and at periodic duration during the storage study. From the experiment it was concluded that the packaging material in combination of aluminium foil with Low Density Polyethylene can be used for storing dehydrated pomegranate arils as the sample inside it showed appreciable maintenance of the analyzed attributes.

Priyatoma Reang, Robertjit Ngangom and Ankan Das*

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 618-621
K Divya1*, I Bhavani Devi1, D Vishnu Sankar Rao2 and P Lavanya Kumari3
1Department of Agricultural Economics, S. V. Agricultural College (ANGRAU), Tirupati - 517 501, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Department of Agricultural Economics, NTR College of Food Science and Technology, Bapatla 3Department of Statistics and Computer Applications, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati
Abstract
This paper examines the trends in rice and maize productivity growth in Andhra Pradesh. A nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) programming method is used to compute Malmquist productivity indices. For study, time-series data on cost of cultivation of selected crops were collected from the reports of Commission on Agricultural Costs and Prices for the period 1996-97 to 2014-15. The results revealed that the decomposition of the TFPch for the corresponding years into EFFch and TECHch revealed that 48.8 per cent increase in TFPch was due to improvement in the technology used. The EFFch did not affect the TFPch in overall study period i.e., there was no catching up. For the maize, the highest improvement in the performance was observed in the year 1998-99 where the TFPch was 115.9 per cent and the entire improvement was due to TECHch. This implied that there was significant improvement in the “innovation” in this year.

K Divya1*, I Bhavani Devi1, D Vishnu Sankar Rao2 and P Lavanya Kumari3

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 622-627
M Kandeeban*
Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Agricultural production heavily depends on fertilizers. Indian fertilizer industry is self-satisfied in terms of production and is now third largest in the world. Study on financial stability of Indian Fertilizer industry is less and this paper tries to full fill the gap and to understand the financial trend in Fertilizer industry using Altman’s Z score model. Data collected from Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy database for the financial period 2012-13 to 2017-18. The results shows that most of the companies were bankrupt throughout the study period; few in grey zone and only very few companies performed consistently. It is recommended that government should come up with necessary policies to bring the industry a viable one and help the farmers.

M Kandeeban*

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 628-632
Suhail Fayaz Bhat1*, A A Saad2, Amjid Masood3, Aijaz Nazir4, Showkat Maqbool5 and Showkat Siddiqui6
1-4Division of Agronomy, 5-6Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, S. K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar - 125 005, Jammu and Kashmir
Abstract
A field experiment entitled was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture Wadura, Sopore, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir during kharif 2016. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications having six main plot treatments of tillage and cropping system [i. Conventional tillage- sole maize (CSM); ii. Conventional tillage- sole bean (CSB) iii. Conventional tillage- intercropping of maize with bean in 1:1 (CMB) iv. Zero tillage- sole maize (ZSM) v. Zero tillage- sole bean (ZSB) vi. Zero tillage- intercropping of maize with bean in 1:1 (ZMB)] supplemented with three sub-plot treatments of fertility level [(Maize sole and intercropping: i. Control (No fertilizer) ii. 75% RFD (67.5 kg N, 37.5 kg P2O5, 15 kg K2O ha-1) iii. 100% RFD (90 kg N, 45 kg P2O5, 20 kg K2O ha-1) Bean sole: i. Control (No fertilizer) ii. 75% RFD (22.5 kg N, 45 kg P2O5, 22.5 kg K2O ha-1) iii. 100% RFD (30 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 30 kg K2O ha-1)]. The results revealed that with respect to maize crop, growth parameters viz. plant height (190.8 cm), leaf area index (3.89), dry matter accumulation (127.4 g per plant), were significantly higher with conventional tillage- sole maize system (CSM) cropping system and 100% RFD (90 kg N, 45 kg P2O5, 20 kg K2O ha-1) fertility level [190.8 cm (plant height) 4.28 (LAI) and 130.8 g per plant (DMA)]. With respect to pole bean crop, plant height (78.8 cm) was significantly higher in conventional tillage- intercropping system (CMB). However, LAI (0.90), DMA (66.6 g per plant) were significantly higher with conventional tillage- sole bean (CSB) cropping system and 100% RFD (90 kg N, 45 kg P2O5, 20 kg K2O ha-1) fertility level (84.6 cm (plant height), 0.90 (LAI), 66.1g per plant (DMA)], respectively.

Suhail Fayaz Bhat1*, A A Saad2, Amjid Masood3, Aijaz Nazir4, Showkat Maqbool5 and Showkat Siddiqui6

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 633-636
J Swapna*, Seema and P Radhika
School of Agri Business Management, College of Agriculture, Professor Jayashanker Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana
Abstract
The study revealed that the extent of adoption of private and public sector agri input technologies in cotton and paddy, in case of seed majority of the farmers were depending on private brands in cotton where as for paddy majority of the farmers were depending on public sector varieties. For fertilizers majority of the farmers preferred private sector brands followed by cooperative brands. For pesticides all the farmers preferred private sector. For machinery and equipment all the farmers were preferring private sector brands through public sector because of the subsidy component.

J Swapna*, Seema and P Radhika

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 637-640
N L Kalyan Chakravarthi* and Ajay Kumar Sharma
Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur - 313 001, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
Producing plants from seeds is the most important propagation method. Manual indenting and sowing of small vegetable seeds in plug trays is a slow and labor-intensive operation. Therefore, seeding operation of plug trays should be mechanized to increase the capacity of the rapidly expanding nursery industry. To reduce the seed miss index and seed multiple index of seeder, the engineering properties of different vegetable seeds, such as chilli, tomato, cabbage and brinjal were studied. The physical properties like size, shape, seed weight and aerodynamic property like terminal velocity of these vegetable seed were measured. The results showed that the average maximum axial dimension of chilli, tomato, cabbage and brinjal seed was found to be 3.82 ± 0.11 mm, 3.63 ± 0.11 mm, 2.12 ± 0.09 mm and 3.16 ± 0.09 mm, respectively. The roundness factor was found to be 0.72 ± 0.02, 0.66 ± 0.02, 0.85 ± 0.04 and 0.83 ± 0.02 for chilli, tomato, cabbage and brinjal seed respectively. One-thousand seed weight for chilli, tomato, cabbage and brinjal was 4.53 ± 0.11, 2.31 ± 0.04, 4.62 ± 0.07 and 3.74 ± 0.04 g, respectively. Finally, the terminal velocity for chilli, tomato, cabbage and brinjal were observed as 4.21 ± 0.14, 2.69 ± 0.05, 5.29 ± 0.09 and 3.43 ± 0.08 m/s, respectively.

N L Kalyan Chakravarthi* and Ajay Kumar Sharma

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 641-643
M Mallikarjun1* and S K Jata2
1Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan - 731 236, West Bengal, India 2ICAR-Regional Centre of Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Dumuduma HBC, Bhubaneswar - 751 019, Odisha, India
Abstract
A Field experiment was conducted at Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan in the year 2016-17 to study the effect of seaweed extracts on growth and productivity of late sown lentil on the lateritic belt of West Bengal. The foliar spray was applied twice at pre-flowering and post-podding stages in different concentrations (5.0, 10.0 and 15.0% v/v) of seaweed extracts (namely Kappaphycus and Gracilaria). Foliar applications of seaweed saps significantly enhanced the growth, yield attributes and yield of lentil over control and recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). A gradual increase in plant height, number of branches/plant and number of pods/plant was observed with increasing seaweed extract application. The highest seed yield was recorded with applications of 15% Kappaphykus sap + RDF, followed by 15% Gracilaria - sap + RDF extract resulting in an increase by 31.4% and 14.8% seed yield, respectively compared to the 100% RDF. From the study, it can be concluded that the seaweed extracts are effective to some extent in increasing growth and yield of late sown lentil in the lateritic belt of West Bengal.

M Mallikarjun1* and S K Jata2

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 644-646
D Rafi1* and P Lavanya Kumari2
1Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Statistics and Computer Applications, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati
Abstract
To study the factors influencing member participation in mutually aided cooperative society of Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh. Study is based on primary data taken from Rapthadu Mandal of Anantapur district. A sample of 100 MACS farmers were randomly selected from 10 villages of Rapthadu Mandal. The Garrett Ranking Technique is used to analyze reasons for member participation in MACS. Seed subsidy, avoiding middlemen, improving living standards, better bargaining power etc. were the major factors influencing the member’s participation in MACS. Merger of Sasya Mitra Groups (SMG) with MACS was least preferred. Since these MACS are new, in order to popularize them among the farmers about their activities, technical advisories and demonstrations should be given to create awareness among all the farmers in the district.

D Rafi1* and P Lavanya Kumari2

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 647-648
P Venkata Narayana, Y Sambasiva Rao, A Kiran Kumar, Y Sreekanth and N Basanth
Nova Innovation Centre, Nova Agri Tech Limited, Plot No. 57, Hanuman Nagar, Chinnatokatta, New Bowenpally, Secunderabad - 500 011, Telangana, India
Abstract
Field trials were conducted in farmer field at Penukonda, Ananthapur, Andhra Pradesh. To test the efficacy of pheromone lure against the Spodoptera litura in Groundnut during kharif 2018. The genus Spodoptera contains most destructive crop pest in the world owing to the worldwide distribution of the different species and their wide host range. Results showed that the catches of male moths of tobacco caterpillar on groundnut started from the month of August with a peak level of pest activity in the 3rd week of October.

P Venkata Narayana, Y Sambasiva Rao, A Kiran Kumar, Y Sreekanth and N Basanth

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 10 - Issue : 4 ; 649-650
Harischandra Darro*, Ramchandra and Rajesh Kumar Dewangan
Department of Agroforestry, School of Forestry and Environment, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad - 211 007, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted at Kanker district in Chhattisgarh, during the period of March to June 2016-2017. The Research was laid out in production of tendu leaves in Kanker district in Chhattisgarh. The results revealed that tendu leaves production in Koylibeda block district Kanker was 296 total number of storage centre in tendu leaves in Koylibeda block district Kanker and total standard bags is 61100. The study indicated that there is a tremendous scope to increase the tendu leaves production which increases the farmer’s income.

Harischandra Darro*, Ramchandra and Rajesh Kumar Dewangan

| Published online : 13-Jul-2019