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P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.56

Volume - 11 - September-October 2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 997-1004
Jaismeen Kaur*, Harpreet Kaur and Bhagwant Singh Chahil
Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Sardulgarh Road, Bathinda - 151 302, Punjab, India
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted at Biotechnology laboratory, Guru Kashi University Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda to develop and standardize an efficient protocol for callus induction of strawberry cv. Winterdown with the objective to study the effect of plant growth regulators on callus induction. Out of 11 different combinations of growth regulator, the maximum callus induction (90.90%) was observed in the callus establishment media (CEM9), NAA (1 mg/l) + 2, 4-D (1 mg/l) + BA (0.1 mg/l) with minimum days taken (18) followed by CEM4, NAA (2mg/l) + BA (2mg/l) showed 83.33% callus induction in 34 days. Highest sub-culturing up to 5 generations was recorded on CEM9. Healthy green compact calli were transferred with a fresh weight of 100-150 mg on standardized direct establishment media (DEM), BA (2 mg/l) + IBA (0.1 mg/l) + GA3(0.1 mg/l) for regeneration. After 20-25 days, the established plantlets were hardened in the standardized potting mixture containing coco-peat, vermiculite, perlite and riverbed soil in the ratio 3:1:1:1.

Jaismeen Kaur*, Harpreet Kaur and Bhagwant Singh Chahil Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1005-1009
Shayma Parveen*1 and Vinit Kumar2
1Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 2Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi - 284 128, Uttar Pradesh
Abstract
An experiment was carried out under nursery management conditions with the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense, Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria (Bacillus polyxyma) and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) in single, dual and triple combination on Acacia nilotica seedlings to assess their effect on seedling growth, dry weight, nutrient uptake and chlorophyll content. The treatments comprised of T1- Azospirillum brasilense, T2- PSB (Bacillus polyxyma), T3- Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM), T4- Azospirillum brasilense + PSB (Bacillus polyxyma), T5- Azospirillum brasilense + VAM, T6- PSB (Bacillus polyxyma) + VAM, T7- Azospirillum brasilense + PSB (Bacillus polyxyma) + VAM, T8- Control. The objective of the study was to determine the best combination of bio-fertilizer which may be useful for better production and establishment of nursery stock of A. nilotica resulting in less failure of seedlings thus being economically more advantageous to agro forestry farmers, nursery growers and foresters. The results divulged that the treatment T7 (Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus polyxyma + VAM) consisting of three bio-fertilizers proved to be most efficacious in production of quality seedlings of Acacia nilotica.

Shayma Parveen*1 and Vinit Kumar2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1010-1019
B S Chaitra, Saraswathi, R Mamtha, Tannavi Kiran, R Sowrabha, Karthik V Rao and Manjulakumari Doddamane*
Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnanabharathi Campus, Bengaluru - 560 056, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The accessory gland proteins (MAG) secreted in male moths are known to influence female reproductive behavior and physiology, when they are transferred along with the sperm during mating. Through, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) we have identified these MAG proteins in Helicoverpa armigera, a devastating polyphagous pest. The comparative analysis of virgin and mated male moths revealed a total of 139 and 154 protein spots respectively. The differentially expressed proteins following mating were, 25 over-expressed and 13 under-expressed. Further, 11 highly expressed protein spots unique to virgin males were analyzed using MALDI- MS and mascot search. The proteins detected were found to be involved in different functions such as, metabolism, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, olfaction, and protease inhibition.

B S Chaitra, Saraswathi, R Mamtha, Tannavi Kiran, R Sowrabha, Karthik V Rao and Manjulakumari Doddamane* Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1020-1023
Nikhil Solanke*1 and Pradip Pawar2
1Department of Food Science and Technology, Shri. Jagdish Pradesh Jhabarmal Tibrewala University, Jhunjhunu, Churela - 333 001, Rajasthan, India 2Department of Chemical Technology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The present study was conducted to develop deep fat fried snacks products sev and chakli, which is based on gaur gum and gum Arabic they varying in range gaur gum (0.2 to 1.0%) and gum Arabic (0.3 to 1.5%) for sev and gaur gum (1.0 to 3.0%) and gum Arabic (0.5 to 2.5%) for chakli as independent variables produced 13 different combinations that were studied using response surface methodology. In this study the use of hydrocolloids in snacks food product and seen their effect on overall acceptability of product by sensory parameter. In this study used of different levels of black gram flour and chickpea flour for development of snacks product. They are prepared by 50:50% of flours used in snacks preparation. Sev gives better sensory result and accept by all panelists as compare to chakli and sev is more acceptable by their overall sensory property.

Nikhil Solanke*1 and Pradip Pawar2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1024-1028
Nitin Kumar1,2, Rajendra Kumar Khanna1 and Sheekha3
1Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Sector 36, Sisyawas, NRI Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur - 303 012, Rajasthan, India 2Indian Institute of Maize Research, PAU Campus, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India 3ICAR- Indian Agriculture Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi - 110 012
Abstract
Genetic diversity among 288 Public sector developed tropical maize inbred lines was conducted at the research farm of Plant Breeding Division, (Indian Institute of Maize Research), Delhi and Ludhiana, India during Rabi and Kharif season 2015-17. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Cluster I comprised the maximum genotypes (64) which indicated the genetic similarity among them. The minimum genotype (24) was contained in the cluster II. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and II (0.99) followed by cluster III and IV (0.83) and cluster V and IV (0.33) suggesting wider diversity between them and the genotypes in these cluster could be used as donor parents for new maize hybrid development. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed in cluster IV (0.99) and the cluster VI was had the least intra cluster distance (0.96). The positive absolute values of the two vectors revealed that ear height, ear diameter and yield (t/ha) had the greatest contribution to genetic divergence. The negative values for the two vectors for days to 50% tasseling, ear length and thousand seed weight (TSW) indicated the least responsibility of both the primary and secondary differentiations.

Nitin Kumar1,2, Rajendra Kumar Khanna1 and Sheekha3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1029-1033
Sekhar Gain*
Department of Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah - 711 202, West Bengal, India
Abstract
In aqueous acetate buffer medium (pH = 3.42 - 4.8) hydroxylamine monosulfonate, (HONHSO3-) reduces the one electron oxidant, bridging superoxo ligand in [(dien)(en)CoIII(O2)CoIII(en)(dien)](ClO4)5 (1) to the corresponding hydroperoxo complex, [(en)(dien)CoIII(HO2)CoIII(en)(dien)]5+ (2) and itself gets oxidised to N2O gas and SO42-/ HSO4- following both proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) path and an electron – transfer reaction. The kinetics, stoichiometry and reaction mechanism clearly indicate that oxidation of HONHSO3- occurs through the formation of an intermediate aminoxyl (-O3SHNO.) radical. In the presence of excess HONHSO3- over 1, the reaction obeys first-order kinetics and rate of the reaction increases with [HONHSO3-]. The reaction rate, however, decreases with increase in [H+] and the plot of 1/ko with [H+] is linear with a small but significant intercept. The reaction rate also decreases with increase in ionic strength of the medium as expected for the two oppositely charged reactants. The decrease of reaction rate with [H+] is most likely due to the protonation of the superoxo complex 1, which leads to a kinetic dead-end product. It is also noticed that the reaction rate significantly decreases with increasing proportion of D2O replacing H2O in the solvent. Therefore, an H-atom transfer (HAT) from the reducing species to the bridging superoxide in 1 seems reasonable at the rate determining step.

Sekhar Gain* Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1034-1040
C Kanimozhi1, V Ramesh1 and K Kousalya2
1Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College (Bharathidasan University), Puthanampatti - 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Zoology, Adhiyaman Arts and Science College for Women, Uthangarai - 635 306, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
During the present study a total of 40 species of butterflies were recorded from different study sites of Javadhu Hills, which belonged to five families i.e. Nymphalidae (15 species), Papilionidae (05 species), Hesperiidae (03 species) Lycaenidae (06 species) and Pieridae (11 species). The larval host plants of 149 were identified, most of butterfly species were monophagous 33 butterfly species feeds on one plant genus and 7 butterfly species feeds on more than one plant genus were polyphagous. The plants belonging to family capparaceae 9 were widely used by butterfly larvae. Over 4 species of butterfly were used Poaceae, Acanthaceae, Fabaceae and 3 species of butterfly used Moraceae and 2 species of butterfly used Aristolochiaceae, Rutaceae, Rubiaceae, Rhamnaceae, Anacardiaceae, Meliaceae in Javadhu Hills.

C Kanimozhi1, V Ramesh1 and K Kousalya2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1041-1044
Abdigafar, S Suganthi and M Prakash*
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Genetic analysis for of seed yield was studied in a set of 6 × 6 full diallel crosses of sesame which indicated importance of both dominant and additive gene action. Estimation of genetic parameters like D, H1 and H2 was significant indicating the involvement of both additive and dominance gene effects for more characters. For plant height at maturity, number capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and seed yield per plant, the dominance factor were less than additive factors elucidating greater contribution of additive factors in control of this trait. For all other characters like, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of branches per plant, capsule length and 1000 seed weight, dominant factor was predominant for the inheritance of these traits.

Abdigafar, S Suganthi and M Prakash* Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1045-1048
S Aravindasamy and R Kannan*
Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute (TNAU), Killikulam, Vallanad - 628 252, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) being an important spice and medicinal crop. It is being affected by several fungal diseases among which leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz & Sacc. is important pathogen. Among them, leaf spot disease causes considerable loss both in quality and quantity. An investigation to in vitro evaluates the different effective botanicals, fungicides and biocontrol agents were conducted to manage the fungal disease leaf spot of clove. Among the bioagents, Trichoderma harzianum was found effective with 72.22% growth inhibition. Among the botanicals, garlic extract at 5% and 10% concentration levels was found to be effective with 56.66 and 62.66% growth inhibition respectively followed by ginger extract 48.88 and 49.66% growth inhibition. Among chemicals, propiconazole (0.1% and 0.2%) was found to be the most effective fungicide in inhibiting 100% growth of C. gloeosporioides followed by hexaconazole with 87.44 and 88.55% growth inhibition at 0.1% and 0.2% respectively.

S Aravindasamy and R Kannan* Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1049-1053
Poonam Dehariya, Chandan Singh and Deepak Vyas
Lab of Mushroom Biology, Department of Botany, Dr. Hari Singh Gour University, Sagar - 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of chemical fertilizer treated and VA-mycorrhizal inoculated soybean, wheat and paddy biomass on mushroom cultivation of different species of Pleurotus (i.e. P. sajor caju, P. florida, P. ostreatus P. djamor) were cultivated on chemical fertilizer treated and VA-mycorrhizal inoculated soybean, wheat and paddy straws. Comparisons were with untreated/uninoculated control biomass. Mycorrhizal inoculated biomass was found to be significantly superior over chemical fertilizer treated and control biomass for mushroom yield. The yield of fruiting bodies obtained was significantly higher in mycorrhizal inoculated soybean biomass in comparison to wheat and paddy biomass. Pleurotus sajor-caju gave highest yield while P. djamor gave significantly poor yield among all the test species. An interesting point was finding out that all the three species of Pleurotus gave maximum yield in SS except P. djamor.

Poonam Dehariya, Chandan Singh and Deepak Vyas

| Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1054-1063
Virendra Kumar Vishwakarma1, J K Gupta2 and Kuldeep Rajpoot*3
1-2Department of Agricultural Economics, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot - 485 334, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India 3Department of Farm Engineering, Institute of Agriculture Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, U.P.
Abstract
Study has examined that comparative economics of fish farmers to production and marketing of exotic and local breeds of fish in Kabirdham districts of Chhattisgarh. The study revealed that the compound growth rate of area, production and productivity of fish showed the positive and significant growth rate in both Chhattisgarh state and Kabirdham districts except area under fish in district Kabirdham. The fish productivity of exotic breeds of samples fish farmer is 31.25 qt per ha, quintal respectively. However, the fish productivity of local breeds of samples fish farmer, is 17.20 qt per ha, respectively. The per hectare cost of exotic breeds of samples fish farmer, is ₹ 58624.33 per ha, per ha respectively. However, the per hectare cost of local breeds of fish of samples fish farmer, is ₹ 41398.25 per ha, respectively. The net return of exotic breeds of samples fish farmers, is ₹ 247495.99 per ha respectively. However, the net return of local breeds of samples fish farmers is ₹ 90807.55 per ha respectively. The cost benefit ratio of exotic breeds of samples fish farmer is 5.27:1 respectively. However, in case cost benefit ratio of local breeds of samples fish farmer is 3.09:1. The five marketing channel have been adopted in the study area, the most of fish farmers have sold the fish in channel fifth and sold quantity of fish, by fish farmers is 3497.50 qt. and 50.713 percent in the channel fifth. The net received price and incurred marketing cost of samples fish farmers are ₹ 8538.8 and ₹ 000 per qt, ₹ 6023.04 and ₹ 272.77 per qt, ₹ 7238.45 and ₹ 1138.00 per qt, ₹ 6731.86 and ₹ 3187.30 per qt and ₹ 5452.00 and ₹ 2201.5 per qt in the channel first, second, third, fourth and fifth respectively. The marketing efficiency and producer share in consumer rupees of samples fish farmer are 100.00% and 100%, 17.62% and 80.10%, 4.89% and 86.87%, 0.78% and 68.77% and 0.85% and 59.18% in the channel first, second, third, fourth and fifth respectively. It has observed that the channel first has most efficient for all fish producers of fish farmer and fish cooperative societies. The major socio economics constraints found that, restriction on medicine, feed and manure, lease processed poaching of fish and consumption and fish disposal etc. in the fish production, which in a weak position the fish production of both groups of fish producers. Fish producers are faced various constraints i.e. water stress, lack of the improved production technology unavailability of market and poor marketing facilities & poor credit & fiancé availability, poor storage facility and social and villager class conflict.

Virendra Kumar Vishwakarma1, J K Gupta2 and Kuldeep Rajpoot*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1064-1068
Tanmoy Mandal*1 and Sunil Kr Ghosh2
1Department of Plant Protection, Suri Vidyasagar College, Suri, Birbhum - 731 101, West Bengal, India 2Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, AINP on Agricultural Acarology, Directorate of Research, Kalyani, Nadia - 741 235, West Bengal, India
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted under Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya at Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal, India to study seasonal occurrence of mealy bug (Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green) on som plant (Machilus bombycina King) and its management using bio-pesticides. The mealy bug was active throughout the year. The peak population of mealy bug (18.68/3 leaves) was recorded on 10th standard meteorological week i.e. on 2nd week of March. Correlation co-efficient (r) study between pest population with environmental parameter showed that there was significant positive (+) correlation with temperature difference and significant negative (-) correlation with temperature (minimum and average) and relative humidity (maximum, minimum and average). On the other hand, non-significant negative (-) correlation found between mealy bug population and maximum temperature. Bio-efficacy of different treatments against mealy bug showed that Imidacloprid (CONFIDOR 17.8 SL) 1 ml/ 5L was found superior for management of mealy bug (77.39% reduction of mealy bug population) followed by Azadirachtin (NIMARIN 1500 ppm) 2.5 ml/L (57.38% reduction of mealy bug population). However botanical extract of tobacco 50.00 ml/L (5%) (50.48% reduction of mealy bug population), Garlic 50.00 ml/L (5%) (48.73% reduction of mealy bug population), Spilanthes 50.00 ml/L (5%) (45.40% reduction of mealy bug population), polygonum 50.00 ml/L (5%) (40.91% reduction of mealy bug population) and Pongamia 50.00 ml/L (5%) (30.37% reduction of mealy bug population) were found satisfactory to manage the pest.

Tanmoy Mandal*1 and Sunil Kr Ghosh2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1069-1072
N Sahaanaa1, T Alagumani1 and C Velavan*2
1Department of Agricultural Economics, 2Department of Agricultural and Rural Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The study was conducted in selected peri-urban blocks of Coimbatore district. The maximum average yield of bhendi was 14 tonnes per hectare with the coefficient of variation of 24.85 per cent. The maximum net return from bhendi cultivation reported that ₹ 27334 with the benefit-cost ratio of 1.22. The results of resource use efficiency revealed that quantity of nitrogen, number of irrigations and the human labour had a positive and significant influence on the yield of bhendi. The ratio of MVP to MFC was greater than one for all the significant variables indicating the underutilization of resources and there exists the possibility of enhancing their yield by increasing their use. The overall mean technical efficiency was 0.80, which indicated the possibility of increasing the yield of the crops by adopting better technology and cultivation practices.

N Sahaanaa1, T Alagumani1 and C Velavan*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1073-1082
A R Anuroopa*1-2 and V K Sreenivas2
1Department of Botany, Sri Vyasa N.S.S. College, Wadakkanchery - 680 623, Kerala, India 2Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The genus Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) are considered to be originated in the South America and extended throughout the continent with about 41 species. The members of the genus Capsicum are widely used as a spice and vegetables with great economic value. The present study aims at the intra specific classification of genus Capsicum from Kerala state of India and naming the cultivars according to ICNCP rules and regulations. It was identified that 10 new cultivars under 2 species such as Capsicum annuum L. and Capsicum fruitescens L. from India. They are described with notes.

A R Anuroopa*1-2 and V K Sreenivas2 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1083-1086
Suresh Kumar Dudwal*, S P Singh, R C Bairwa and Shri Rakesh
Department of Agronomy, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner - 334 006, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
Field experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm, Collage of Agriculture Bikaner, S. K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner during Rabi 2017-18. The results reveled that plant height, branches/plant and periodical dry matter production, pods per plant, seeds per pod, pod length, seed yield biological yield and harvest index in plots treated with pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.80 kg ha-1 as PPI, followed pendimethalin at 0.75 kg/ha as PPI, pendimethalin at 0.75 kg/ha as PE, pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.80 kg/ha as PE, imazethapyr at 50 g/ha (3-4 leaf stage 25 DAS), imazethapyr + imazamox at 50 g/ha (25 DAS), imazethapyr at 70 g/ha (25 DAS) and imazethapyr + imazamox at 70 g/ha (25 DAS). Among the weed control measures, weed free treatment was most effective in reducing the dey weight of weeds and recorded the highest weed control efficiency followed by pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.80 kg/ha (Dry). However, the maximum net retunes were obtained under weed free (29752 ₹/ha followed by pendimethalin + imazethapyr at 0.80 kg/ha as PPI (27610 ₹/ha).

Suresh Kumar Dudwal*, S P Singh, R C Bairwa and Shri Rakesh Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1087-1090
Vikesh Kumar*
Department of Chemistry, Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa - 486 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
In this study one of the most important physical parameters identifying purity of cane sugar solutions is investigated. ICUMSA color values of S grades, M grades and L grades cane sugar are investigated of the season 2019-2020 at room temperature (25°C). The determination of color in solid phase was carried out by using Photovolt Reflectance meter. Obtained results for S grades, M grades and L grades cane sugar with different impurities are compared at such a given temperature. Color analysis proves that SS-31 grade of sugar has minimum impurity whereas; L-30 shows maximum impurities. It is evident that both ion solvent and the electrolyte - non-electrolytes is predominant in these systems, and the hydration of ions and the bonding tendency of sucrose and water also play an important role.

Vikesh Kumar* Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1091-1095
Aradhana Sharma*1, Suraksha Chanotra2 and Azad Gull3
1State Sericulture Development Department, Jammu - 180 001, Jammu and Kashmir 2P/G Department of Sericulture, Poonch Campus, University of Jammu, Poonch - 185 101, Jammu and Kashmir 3Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Mysuru - 570 008, Karnataka
Abstract
Studies on extension of sericulture among the farmers of Jammu and Kashmir is always remained the prime focus of various extension workers because of the potential of the area to produce quality Bivoltine silk. The raw silk production is about 145 MT. But the production trends are not matching with other traditional states. As most, of cocoon growers belong to socially and economically weaker sections of society - SCs, STs and HTs, women and others. These families do not have any other source of sustainable income and depend on sericulture for the same. To keep pace with other states in India, there is need to provide a strong technical and financial support and ensure these families a sustainable livelihood security. Socio economic status of the farmers has been found one of the main factors for enhancing production and productivity of farm produce in India. In this direction, present survey was conducted in the year 2016 in three districts viz. Kathua, Udhampur and Rajouri of Jammu division which were purposively selected based on potentiality for more cocoon production and having maximum number of beneficiaries. A survey was conducted to know the current position of silkworm rearers and to understand their socio-economic profiles and to evaluate participation of the respondents in sericulture with respect to age, caste and economic status. Chi-square (χ2) value (23.78**) revealed highly significant association of age with respect to districts. Highly significant (23.78**) association of age and caste (37.33**) was found in all the districts. Majority of the farmers belonging to middle age group showed highly significant results and indicated the need for popularization of this avocation among the unemployed youth.

Aradhana Sharma*1, Suraksha Chanotra2 and Azad Gull3 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1096-1099
S Senthil Kumar* and S Ganesh
School of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of fertigation, microbial consortium and foliar spray of biostimulants on growth and yield of tuberose during 2016-17. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nineteen treatments and replicated twice. The results revealed that application of 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer through fertigation (RDFTF) + Microbial Consortium (MC) 12.5 kg ha-1 + 3 per cent Panchagavya + 0.4 per cent Humic Acid (T9) recorded significantly higher growth and yield over 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer through soil application (T19) and T9 also recorded 40 per cent higher yield than control.

S Senthil Kumar* and S Ganesh Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1100-1105
Sumeet Kour*, Seema Singh, Jasfeeda Qadir, Gowhar A Shapoo and Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal - 190 006, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir
Abstract
Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch., is an imperative medicinal plant species growing in Kashmir Himalaya. S. costus is used in the treatment of countless infirmities. The underground portion of this plant species encloses various sesquiterpene lacones such as costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone and many others which can be developed as bioactive molecules. It is enlisted in Appendix Ist of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES). During the present study, different explants viz. leaf, petiole, pedicel, etc. of S. costus, were subjected to in-vitro studies so as to develop proficient protocols for its regeneration. In addition to this, seed germination was also achieved by giving different treatments. Leaf explants produced maximum amount of callus on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 6- Benzylamino purine (BAP) (2.5 mg/l) in 90% cultures within 14 days. MS medium containing BAP (2.5 mg/l) was the most effective medium for shoot regeneration. Petiole and pedicel also showed callus formation and shoot regeneration but number of days taken was more and percent culture response was less. The in vitro regenerated shoots from leaf explants also develop roots on MS basal medium within a period of 15 days.

Sumeet Kour*, Seema Singh, Jasfeeda Qadir, Gowhar A Shapoo and Zahoor Ahmad Kaloo Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1106-1109
K Nagendra Prasad1, G Kranthi Kumar2 and M Raghu Ram*3
1Department of Botany, K. T. S. Government Degree College, Rayadurg, Anantapur - 515 867, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Department of Botany, K. B. N. College, Kothapet, Vijayawada - 520 001, Andhra Pradesh, India 3Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur - 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
An effective protocol was developed for the regeneration of rare endemic medicinal plant, Anodendron paniculatum L. from nodal explants. The highest number of shoots (7 ± 0.05), maximum shoot length (62 ± 0.76 mm) and the highest response of shoot induction (68%) were recorded on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BAP. Rooting was achieved with quarter strength of MS medium added with 1.0% IBA and 0.75% sucrose. The highest number of roots (8.75 ± 0.25) with 4.1 cm length was achieved. The plantlets regenerated were successfully established in earthen pots containing sterile sand and vermiculate (1:1) and grown in green house. This simple protocol can be used in large scale multiplication of this rare endemic plant.

K Nagendra Prasad1, G Kranthi Kumar2 and M Raghu Ram*3 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1110-1114
Dhruv Pandya*, Archana Mankad and Himanshu Pandya
Department of Botany, Bio-informatics, Climate Change Impacts Management, University School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad - 380 009, Gujarat, India
Abstract
In this research heavy metal stress tolerance capacity of Impatiens balsamina L. was assessed. Here, two different approaches in-vitro and in-vivo were used for the production of plantlets. In-vitro approach involved tissue culture approach and in-vivo direct through media (soil, cocopeat, mosses). Seeds were used for the production of plantlets. After 30 days of seedlings development all the plantlets which are produced through in-vitro and in-vivo approaches and plants were transplanted in the pots and treated with two metals Lead and Cadmium in the form of Pb (NO3)2 and Cd (NO3)2. Different concentrations were selected for Lead 200mg, 400mg, 600mg, 800mg/Kg and for Cadmium 5mg, 10mg, 15mg, and 20mg/Kg. Each pot was filled with 5Kg of soil. The metals were given directly through root zone of plants in solution form. After incubation time of 75 days mature and treated plants were collected and root length, shoot length, number of branches was measured scientifically. On the basis of the results obtained of physiological parameters of the plants we concluded that for both the metals in-vitro produced plants has more capacity to tolerate the metal stress as compare to in-vivo produced plants.

Dhruv Pandya*, Archana Mankad and Himanshu Pandya Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1115-1120
Ravindra Fakirrao Pathre*, Digamber D Bhutekar and Sharad Devidasrao Jadhav
Department of Zoology, Arts, Science and Commerce College, Ambad, District Jalna - 431 213, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The present study is the first effort to describe diversity and molecular phylogeny of moths from Marathawada region of Maharashtra. A total 55 moth specimens were collected and sequenced from different sampling stations across the region. Our 47 sequences matched with COI sequences already deposited with BOLD. But, 4 sequences did not match with any species but correctly matched with deposited sequences of genus. Our 4 sequences are new record to BOLD but correctly matched with NCBI database. Nearest neighbor distances were greater than 3% for all the species but for two pair of specimens: 1) Agrotis ipsilon (EDBLM004/EDBLM005) vs Agrotis munda (EDBLM034) it was 2.8, Agrotis munda (EDBLM035) vs Agrotis ipsilon (EDBLM005) it was 2.8. The largest nearest neighboring distance of 14.47% was observed in Hydrilodes metisalis vs Agrotis munda. In present study, we have produced DNA sequences for 21 moth species from Marathwada region of Maharashtra, which may help future conservation efforts and in construction of DNA library of moth species from here.

Ravindra Fakirrao Pathre*, Digamber D Bhutekar and Sharad Devidasrao Jadhav Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1121-1127
R Kowsalya*1 and V Swetha2
1Department of Biochemistry, D. G. Government Arts College for Women, Mayiladuthurai - 609 001, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College for Women, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Banana is used widely because of its nutritional values. In the past, some studies show yellow banana peel (Musa acuminata) parts, and their fruits can be used to treat human diseases. Banana is a part of banana peel that also has antibacterial activity and antifungal activity against microorganisms but has not been studied extensively. Since, there are studies that relate the phytochemical analysis of qualitative, quantitative analysis, and microbial activity of antibacterial, antifungal activity of yellow banana peel against periodontal pathogens. Hence, this study aims to determine the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity in methanol extract of yellow banana peel (Musa acuminata). The phytochemical result showed methanol to be a better solvent for the extraction of the bioactive agents in banana peels which include: alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins carbohydrate are (+) reaction but phenol and protein are (-) reaction. Antimicrobial activity both are activated against the gram-positive, gram-negative bacterial but maximum activity of antifungal.

R Kowsalya*1 and V Swetha2 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1128-1131
Rupa Chakraborty
Department of Botany, Dinabandhu Andrews College, Garia, South 24 Parganas, Kolkata - 700 084, West Bengal, India
Abstract
A large part of reclaimed wetland in the Eastern fringe of Kolkata is being used for maize farming. Fungicides are frequently being used by maize growers. Leaf blight is a common disease of maize in this area which is caused by Exserohilum turcicum. Inhibited growth response of the pathogen was noted in-vitro when fungicides namely Chlorothalonil and Mancozeb were added the basal medium. Field experiment showed that the foliar spray of those two fungicides significantly controlled the disease intensity of maize leaf blight. Mancozeb was found to be most effective at 100 and 1500 μg/ml for selected and recommended doses respectively in field condition.

Rupa Chakraborty Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1132-1135
Ravi Pujari*1, Satish Kale2 and T Chethan3
1College of Agriculture (UAS Raichur), Bheemarayanagudi, Shahapur - 585 287, Karnataka, India 2Krishi Vigyan Kendra (UAS Raichur), Kawadimatti - 585 224, Karnataka, India 3ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra (UAS Raichur), Raddewadagi, Jewargi - 585 210, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The present investigation entitled “Collection and evaluation of coriander genotypes for seed purpose” was carried out during rabi season of the year 2019 at the College of Agriculture, Bheemarayanagudi. The study consisted of sixteen coriander varieties using randomized block design and each treatment was replicated thrice. The varieties viz. Suguna, Sindhu, Supha, AD-1, Sadana, Swathi, Susthira, GDLC 1, DWDC-1, Sudha, Co 1, Co 2, Gcr-1, Gcr-2, Rcr436, Chamnal Local were studied under investigation. The results revealed that variety DWDC-1 was found superior in seed yield (13.87 q/ha) and required least number of days for maturity (92.00 days). The yield contributing parameters seed yield per plant (6.62 g), seed yield per plot (582.27 g) and 1000 seed weight (10.30 g) were observed significantly highest in DWDC-1. Hence, this variety can be included in further breeding programme for improving the seed yield.

Ravi Pujari*1, Satish Kale2 and T Chethan3 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1136-1138
R Radha*1, S Kalaiselvi2, P Lincy3 and K Vallikkannu4
1-3Department of Food Service Management and Dietetics, 2-4Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Millets are agrarian resilient, sustainable, healthy and nutritious small cereal crop that opens up new avenues in the production of value-added nutritional products and thereby have great potential for income generation. Towards this objective, value added nutritious flakes, a lifestyle matching contemporary supplemental food was developed and produced and their capacity was enhanced through rural women in the outskirts of the Coimbatore city. Intervention of them with nutritional and health education on consumption of millets and its processed products was done to empower them to improve nutrition for the benefit of overall well-being of the family. It was observed that there was a significant improvement in the nutritional knowledge due to intervention on rural women of selected villages of Coimbatore district.

R Radha*1, S Kalaiselvi2, P Lincy3 and K Vallikkannu4 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1139-1143
Ajay Verma* and G P Singh
ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India
Abstract
Advanced varietal trials under irrigated timely and late sown conditions were evaluated during the period 2008-09 to 2017-18 at major growing locations of this north eastern plains zone. Residual maximum likelihood (REML) along with BLUP under mixed model approach was exploited. Highly significant wheat production over the years had been observed for irrigated timely and late sown conditions vis a vis with significance of intercept and slope of linear trends. Linear trend in the wheat production under both conditions revealed an increase in average production of promising genotypes in this important zone comprising of fertile Indo-Gangetic plains. Production elevated to the level of 46 and 39 q/ha respectively as compared to 38 and 36 q/ha in 2008-09. By the end of period, 0.61 and 0.60 quintal yield added in subsequent trials.

Ajay Verma* and G P Singh

| Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1144-1148
R Kowsalya*1 and S Thaslim2
1Department of Biochemistry, D. G. Government of Arts College for Women, Mayiladuthurai - 609 001, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College for Women, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Liver diseases are the most common ailment all over the world mostly caused by viruses, toxic chemicals, excessive intake of alcohol, high doses of paracetamol, carbon tetrachloride, and chemotherapeutic agents, etc. Paracetamol poisoning is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the developed world. In the traditional healthcare system, it has been used in the treatment of anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-asthmatic and wound healing activities. The hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Mimosa Acalypha indica against paracetamol-induced liver injury in experimental rats. Liver injury induced by a single dose of paracetamol (100 mg/kg b.w.) in male Wistar rats. Paracetamol intoxication led to a significant increase in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and decrease in the levels enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants and histopathological changes in liver tissues were studied. Orally pretreatment with Acalypha indica (10 mg/kg/b.w) daily for 7 days significantly diminished. The present study observed that increased levels of serum AST, ALT, and ALP, attenuated the oxidative stress through restored the levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Histopathological examination of the liver tissues of control and treated groups also confirmed the hepatoprotective activity. This exclusivity and dearth of any noticeable adverse efficacy propose the opportunity of using Acalypha indica as used in an efficient adjuvant in the treatment of liver damage.

R Kowsalya*1 and S Thaslim2

| Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1149-1156
Chandrashekar S Kallimani* and Basavaiah
Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India
Abstract
A study was conducted to ascertain the knowledge and adoption levels and their co-relationship with ten socio-economic factors of chawki rearing centre (CRC) entrepreneurs in 22 improved mulberry leaf production technologies. The data was collected from 100 CRCs of six traditional sericultural districts of Karnataka, analyzed using percentages, correlation and regression values and compared brushing capacity-wise. The overall percentages of full knowledge (80%) and adoption (67%) levels were higher in all the CRCs and found to increase with brushing capacity. The entrepreneurs had very high knowledge and adoption levels in improved mulberry varieties and quantity of organic manure application and least awareness and adoption in ‘type of chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer usage. The correlation of socio-economic factors with adoption and knowledge indices were almost similar. The variables such as age, family members, land holding, occupation and experience have expressed weak negative correlation with knowledge and adoption indices. While, education, CRC building ownership, CRC attached with or without grainage were found to have significant contribution in improving the technology adoption and knowledge. Higher R-squared values of regression analysis indicated that middle adulthood, educated and experienced entrepreneurs are involved in the CRCs having higher brushing capacity in traditional sericultural districts of Karnataka.

Chandrashekar S Kallimani* and Basavaiah

| Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1157-1160
Asha Rani, B S Bisht, Shivani Jasrotia and Vivek Kumar
Department of Zoology, SRT Campus Badshahithaul, Tehri - 249 199, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
Hymenia recurvalis Fab. is a serious and most destructive pest of crop Amaranthus caudatus L. A field trial was conducted using eight treatments of insecticides including botanicals. Among eight treatments, Cartaphydrochloride 50 SP, Chloropyriphos 20 EC, Dichlorovos 76% EC were proved to be most effective. Whereas, some other treatments like Malathion 50% EC and Endosulphan 35 EC proved to be moderately effective for the control of H. recurvalis. The maximum yield of crop A. caudatus obtained with the plants treated with Cartaphydrochloride 50 SP (22.25 Qtl/ha) which was followed by Chloropyriphos 20 EC (19.84 Qtl/ha). On evaluation all the treatments proved superior over control check which showed the maximum percentage of leaf damage 70.93%.

Asha Rani, B S Bisht, Shivani Jasrotia and Vivek Kumar

| Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1161-1166
Ragini Ranawat*, Jyoti Meena and Shatakshi Semwal
Department of Home Science, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
In this science driven world, digital advancement is playing a critical role. However, there is still no substitute for traditional sciences like agriculture and its allied fields like home science. With the advancement in education sector, there is declining enrolment rate in Home / Community and Agriculture Sciences. So, there arises the need to popularize the subject and find out the influencing agents that have an impact on the enrolment rate. In this direction, the present research (conducted under the ICAR funded extramural project) was carried out purposively in Jaipur city of Rajasthan state where information pertaining to influencing agents of high school students was gathered through a structured interview schedule. The total sample size for the study was of 280 high school students, randomly selected from the city. Results showed that due to insufficient awareness, majority of the students did not have any information regarding the career options in Home / Community and Agriculture sciences leading to decline in enrolment rate. Furthermore, the results also revealed that very few of the students had knowledge about the respective departments in Home / Community and Agriculture sciences and its related job avenues. The study concluded that lack of awareness about the sub streams and career scope of Home / Community and Agriculture sciences among high school students is a big reason for depreciating number of enrolments in these areas at college level.

Ragini Ranawat*, Jyoti Meena and Shatakshi Semwal

| Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1167-1171
Om Kumari* and Braj Mohan
Department of Chemistry, Karam Kshetra Post Graduate College, Etawah - 206 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Department of Chemistry, Karam Kshetra Post Graduate College, Etawah - 206 001, Uttar Pradesh, India The official International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis for conductivity ash determination in sugar product by ashing of sugar is in practice. Simple, rapid methods are needed for the determination of purity of sugar products that may contain electrolytes and non-sugars. Using conductometric studies of cane juice and cane sugar systems shows that the conductivity is linear with the electrolytes and non-sugar present in both cane juice of 20% v/v as well as in cane sugar over the range of 0 to 20% w/v. With present method linearity can be approached more nearly by increasing non sugars concentration, but a parallel decree in sucrose purity. Another observation comes out from acidity measurement of cane juice increases 0.1%, whereas, increase in conductivity value is around 11%, indicating conductivity is more informative, precise, and controlling parameter than conventional acidity parameter. Percent reflectance values of sugar were also taken and compare with conductivity data for quality assurance of cane sugar.

Om Kumari* and Braj Mohan

| Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1172-1174
R Deepthy, K Kanagasabapathi* and V Sakthivel
Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Women empowerment refers to the creation of an environment for women where they can make decisions of their own for their personal benefits as well as for their society. Self-help groups are becoming one of the important means for the empowerment of poor women in almost all the developing countries including India. ‘Kudumbashree’ meaning prosperity of the family, is the state poverty eradication programme initiated by the Government of Kerala for derooting the absolute poverty from the state. It is a holistic, participatory, women oriented innovative poverty-reduction approach. ‘Kudumbashree’ initiated by the government of Kerala has proved that women empowerment is the best strategy for poverty eradication. ‘Kudumbashree’ has become the lifeline to many of the poor women in the state of Kerala. Resultantly, the women of the state have become active participants in the planning and implementation process of various anti-poverty programmes. By participating in various income generating cum developmental activities, the morale and confidence of women becomes very high. The present study was conducted in six selected villages of Alappuzha District of Kerala State with a sample size of 120 women respondents. ‘Eco-friendly group farming’, ‘Terrace cultivation’, ‘Tailoring’, ‘Organic farming’, ‘Coir making’, ‘Banana chips making’ and ‘Mushroom cultivation’ were found to be the major entrepreneurial activities of women which empower the rural women.

R Deepthy, K Kanagasabapathi* and V Sakthivel

| Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1175-1177
Devendra Kumar Meena*1, Vishnu Shanker Meena2 and L R Dubey3
Department of Extension Education, College of Agriculture (Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University), Kumher - 321 201, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
The present study was undertaken in Rajasthan. The investigation concerned with RAWE students of CoA, Bharatpur. Agricultural education is basically aimed to develop skilled manpower to take up farming, undertaking research, teaching and extension work for agricultural development in the Indian context. Agricultural education should be given a rural setting, so that it includes direct participation and experience with agricultural life and practice. The vast network of agricultural universities and colleges can play a leading role in cultivating self-confidence and capabilities in the students required for taking up agriculture as a profession. Hence, an investigation entitled perception of students towards Rural Agriculture Work Experience in College of Agriculture, Bharatpur was conducted purposively as it is the sub campus of Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner. Students who have completed the RAWE programme in 2019-20 academic year were selected as respondents for the study.

Devendra Kumar Meena*1, Vishnu Shanker Meena2 and L R Dubey3

| Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1178-1180
S Aarthi, K Kanagasabapathi* and V Sakthivel
Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Agriculture is the single largest producing sector of the economy and its contribution is about 16% of the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. India is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, which have negative effects on the agricultural sector. Climate change will impact on many facts of cotton physiology. An integrative research process is needed to assess the exact effect of climate change on cotton production. The present study was formulated with the objective of studying the extent of adoption of improved agricultural practices by the cotton cultivators in cotton cultivation for mitigating the adverse effects of climate change. The present study was conducted in Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu State. Ten villages from Mallasamudram block were purposively selected based upon its maximum number of cotton cultivators. Suitable statistical techniques like mean and percentage analysis were employed to derive the results. The study revealed that majority of the cotton cultivators are adopting the improved practices in aspects like ‘adaptation measures in crop cultivation’, ‘soil and water conservation’, ‘irrigation management’, ‘fertilizer management’ and ‘pest and disease management’ to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change in cotton cultivation.

S Aarthi, K Kanagasabapathi* and V Sakthivel

| Published online : 23-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1181-1184
Malli Jagadish Kumar G*, Monisha Sandur, H K Nikhil, R Yashaswini and V Girija
Department of Computer Science, Cambridge Institute of Technology, Bengaluru - 560 036, Karnataka, India
Abstract
To satisfy the need of growing population, it is high time to focus maximum yield. This is only possible if plants get sufficient nutrient for growth. Plant nutrient content is neglected many times, though it should be given the importance. This paper emphasizes the identification of macro- nutrient content using image processing and machine learning techniques. This will help farmers to get the idea about the health of their crops and the preventive measures to be taken. Also, this will be helpful in vertical farms where nutrient supplements are provided to plants. This project also helping farmers to identify the nutrition deficient plants in large scale using aerial vehicle (quadcopter). Plants need sufficient amount of nutrients for complete and healthy life-cycle. Sufficient amount of six macro-nutrients like Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Sulphur, Magnesium are more important for the normal and healthy growth of plants. Lack or absence of nutrients leads to difficulties in carrying the life cycle of a plants and ultimately affect the maximum yield. Thus, it is necessary to have timely and daily check for nutrients contents which plays a major role for yield. Plants usually show the definite deficiency on their leaves with notable different patterns and structures for each nutrient. Our proposed work is to provide a computerized and reliable solution for nutrient deficiency identification. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) used to help optimize agriculture operations, monitor crop growth, and increase the yield. UAV let farmers see their fields from the sky. The top view which we obtained can reveal many issues such as irrigation problems, soil variation, pest and fungal infestations.

Malli Jagadish Kumar G*, Monisha Sandur, H K Nikhil, R Yashaswini and V Girija

| Published online : 26-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1185-1187
Shri Rakesh*, R C Bairwa and Naresh Kumar
Department of Agronomy, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner - 334 006, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner during Kharif 2017 on loamy sand soil. In reference to the objectives the effect of different dates of sowing and different varieties on yield and quality parameters of sesame. The experiment comprising total 16 treatment combinations; four date of sowing (10 July, 20 July 30 July and 09 August) & four varieties (RT-125, RT- 46, RT- 127 and RT- 346) in split plot design with three replications. The results revealed that nitrogen and phosphorus content and uptake, crude protein content, oil content, and oil yield was influenced significantly with different sowing dates. Sowing on 09 August recorded significantly higher nitrogen (2.45%), phosphorus (0.53%) and crude protein (15.32%) content in seed as compared to 10 July, 20 July and 30 July. Whereas, sowing on 10 July recorded higher nitrogen (17.20 kg/ha), phosphorus (3.91 kg/ha) uptake, oil content (46.11%) and oil yield (399 kg/ha). In the case of varieties, the nitrogen, phosphorus uptake and oil yield also influenced significantly. Variety RT-125 have significantly higher nitrogen (13.66 kg/ha), phosphorus (3.0 kg/ha) uptake and oil yield (299 kg/ha) as compared to variety RT-46, RT-127 and RT-346. The crop was sown on 10 July overall better than other dates of sowing it was recorded significantly higher nitrogen, phosphorus uptake, oil content and oil yield seed, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index of all tested varieties of sesame. The crop sown on 09 August recorded significantly higher nitrogen and phosphorus and crude protein in seed content as compared to 10 July, 30 July and 30 July, respectively. The maximum seed yield, nitrogen & phosphorus uptake, oil content and oil yield was recorded by variety RT- 125 and nitrogen, phosphorus and crude protein content higher in RT- 46. Also, variety RT-346 recorded higher straw and biological yield as compared to varieties RT-125, RT-46 and RT-127. These finding was only one-year experimental data so it is required further experimentation to arrive at some more consistent and final conclusion.

Shri Rakesh*, R C Bairwa and Naresh Kumar

| Published online : 26-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1188-1190
Abhishek Netam, V K Koshta and Preeti Gawde*
Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur - 492 006, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
To study the bio- efficacy of synthetic insecticides and bio- pesticides viz. Flubendiamide 24% + thiacloprid 24% (48%) SC, Flubendiamide 48% SC, Thiacloprid 48% SC, Lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC, Chlorpyriphos 20% EC, Baccillus thuringienis var Kurstaki 5% WP, Azadirachtin 0.03% w/w, Pongamia Soap, Neem Soap and Cartap Hydrochloride 50% WP against S. incertules Wlk. and their effect on natural enemies, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Cum Instruction Farm IGKV, Raipur during the rabi-Summer 2015. Two foliar applications were carried out at an interval of 35 DAT and 60DATamong all insecticidal treatments and were observed at seven to fifteen days after spray. The results showed that Flubendiamide 24% + Thiacloprid 24% (48%) SC @ 200 ml/ha was most effective in reducing the number of dead hearts and white ear heads population followed by Flubendiamide 48% SC @125 ml/ha and Cartap Hydrochloride 50% WP @ 750 g/ha were at par in reducing yellow stem borer respectively. The overall mean population of natural enemies was found to be more in the untreated check followed by Flubendiamide 24% + Thiacloprid 24% (48%) SC @ 200 ml/ha as compare to the other insecticides.

Abhishek Netam, V K Koshta and Preeti Gawde*

| Published online : 26-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1191-1193
A Singh*, A Singh1 and P Singh
Department of Chemistry, K. S. Saket P.G College, Ayodhya - 224 001, Uttar Pradesh, India 1Department of Chemistry, U. P. Autonomous, Varanasi - 221 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
We describe the design and synthesis of a series of novel and new fused heterocyclic systems 4-(4-Substitutedphenyl)-3-cyno-2-imino-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-indeno [1,2-b] pyridines (2) have been synthesized from key intermediate 4-Substituted-2-arylidenindan -1, 3-diones (1). Thus cyclocondensation of (1) with ethylcyanoacetate in presence of ammonium acetate in dioxane afforded the fused system (2). The structures of these compounds have been established on the basis of spectral data IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The molluscicidal activity of few the synthesized compounds has been screened on the snail Lymnaea acuminate. The LC50 slope, t-ratio heterogeneity and g-values have been determined and discussed.

A Singh*, A Singh1 and P Singh

| Published online : 26-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1194-1196
Yashwant Singh Tariyal* and P Prasad
High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, HNB Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Garhwal - 246 174, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract
Foxglove or tilpushpi, botanically known as Digitalis purpurea L. is medicinally and economically important plant species due to the presence of cardiac glycosides used in life-saving medicines. In the present study, different concentrations of bijamrita (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) on seed germination were tested in Petri dish as well as paper towel method. It was found that per cent germination and mean daily germination was highest in 75% concentration of bijamrita in Petri dish while speed of germination was found highest in 75% treatment in paper towel. Lowest values were found in both the controls. Mean germination time was highest in 50% and 75% in petridish and paper towel respectively in comparison to both the controls. In Petri dish method peak, value was found highest for 100% and lowest for 50% concentration of bijamrita and germination value was observed highest for 100% and lowest for 25% concentration of bijamrita. Peak value and germination values were found highest in 75% concentration of bijamrita and lowest in control of paper towel method. Seedling vigor index I and seedling vigor index II were recorded highest in seed treated with 100% Bijamrita. Bijamrita being an organic treatment mixture, prepared from locally available materials, easy to prepare and apply with minimum or no harmful effect on the propagating material. The present results indicate that higher concentration of bijamrita is helpful in increasing germination percentage. Therefore, it may helpful in increasing germination of other medicinal plants which will help the farmer in getting maximum returns. Therefore, it can be recommended for the seed treatment of agricultural as well as horticultural crops and a consequent reduced dependency over chemicals. Further studies can be extended to find out its effect on other methods of propagation such as, cuttings, grafts, buds, and other vegetative propagating materials.

Yashwant Singh Tariyal* and P Prasad

| Published online : 26-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1197-1199
Sakpal Ashwini Vijay*1 and A Sabir Ahamed2
1Department of Seed Science and Technology, Agriculture College and Research Institute (TNAU), Madurai - 625 104, Tamil Nadu, India 2Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women (TNAU), Trichy - 620 009, Tamil Nadu
Abstract
In the present study, sunflower seed crop raised during Kharif 2016 season was applied with seven foliar spray treatments comprising of Boron 0.1%, Zinc 0.1% and 2 % sugar solution as insect attractant twice at 10 % and 50 % flowering stages. The unsprayed control plot was maintained for comparison. The study revealed that foliar application of Boron 0.1% + Zinc 0.1% + Insect attractant 2% significantly increased the capitulum diameter which is 15%, the number of seeds per head by 8.21 per cent, seed set % by 6.66% and 1000 seed weight by 6.0% more over the control. It was also found that Boron 0.1 % + Zinc 0.1 % + Insect attractant 2 % enhanced the yield by 16 per cent followed by Boron 0.1% + Zinc 0.1% by 13.06 per cent by recording 30.52 and 29.76 g plant-1 seed yield respectively over control which recorded 26.32 g plant-1. It was found that foliar application of Boron 0.1% + Zinc 0.1% + Insect attractant as 2% sugar solution twice at 10 and 50% flowering stages performed best among all treatments in respect of growth and productivity of sunflower cv. COSFV 5.

Sakpal Ashwini Vijay*1 and A Sabir Ahamed2

| Published online : 26-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1200-1202
Gurbir Singh and Sukhdev Singh
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar - 143 005, Punjab, India
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to study existing genetic variability in 50 seedling mango germplasm, locally available at north western India especially in Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir, during the period 2016 to 2019. Genetic variability study through phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations revealed that most of the quantitative traits under present study exhibited almost equal magnitude of phenotypic as well as genotypic coefficient of variations. Hence, most of the quantitative traits of mango accessions in the present study were considered comparatively stable in nature. The greater genetic advance were noticed for canopy volume, tree spread, hermaphrodite flower percentage in the inflorescence, sex ratio (M/H), fruit weight, TSS : acid ratio, reducing sugar content, yield per tree, incidence of floral malformation, anthracnose, powdery mildew, and attack of scale insect per leaf and mealy bug per twig, which revealed that these characters had an additive gene effect and therefore, have more role in proficient selection. These outcomes may prove very much useful to chalk out future breeding strategy with the same gene pool and also in possibility of recombination of effective new traits with the existing genetic resource of seedling mango germplasm in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu.

Gurbir Singh and Sukhdev Singh

| Published online : 26-Aug-2020

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 11 - Issue : 5 ; 1203-1208
Moirangthem Kameshwor Singh* and Manash Pratim Dutta
Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India
Abstract
Multiple applications of nanoparticles in aquaculture practices are witnessed in many studies. Long term effects of these nanoparticles are yet to be determined for its safe utilization in various aspects of aquaculture. It is important to conduct toxicity test of the nanoparticles before introducing to the crop including fish. Measurement of dose and concentration of nanoparticles are also equally important. Among the methods employed, green' synthetic methods are to be used as it is an environmentally friendly and biologically safe method. It will also help to retain the bio-efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles. However more researches are needed to eliminate the present dilemma regarding the rational use of nanoparticles in aquaculture.

Moirangthem Kameshwor Singh* and Manash Pratim Dutta

| Published online : 26-Aug-2020