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P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.56

Volume - 14 - May-June 2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 617–624
Richa*1, Rishi Saxena1, Manoj Srivastava2 and H. V. Singh3
1 Bundelkhand University, Jhansi - 284 128, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 ICAR – Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi - 284 003, Uttar Pradesh, India 3 ICAR- Nationally Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism, Kushmaur - 275 103, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Chickpea is a major pulse crop, largely cultivated for human and animal consumption in the world. In India: many states are facing low production, due to wilt disease which is a major biotic stress caused by wilt pathogen. In this study three isolates of wilt pathogen, isolated from Datia district of Bundelkhand region were studied for their pathogenic variability (in pot experiment) and mycelial growth of wilt pathogen in different physiological (In vitro) condition. Present findings indicated that all the three representative isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri showed different mycelial growth, when expose to different nutritional and physiological conditions. Maximum FOC mycelial growth and sporulation for all the isolates observed after 7 DAI at 25 °C and 30 °C and reduced significantly below 15 °C and above 35 °C. Different culture media significantly influence mycelial growth and sporulation of FOC isolates. FOC isolates nurtured well on CZA and PDA medium. Among six culture media maximum number of macro conidia and microconidia observed on CZA and PDA media. FOC growth was found most appropriate in pH 6 and pH 7. In addition, MPFOC13 and MPFOC14 FOC isolates found strong pathogenic on response on chickpea variety JG-62 whereas MPFOC11 was found to be moderate pathogenic.

Richa*1, Rishi Saxena1, Manoj Srivastava2 and H. V. Singh3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 625–629
G. Shamili*1 and G. Santhi2
1-2 Department of Botany, Kunthavai Naacchiyaar Government Arts College for Women, Thanjavur - 613 007, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Justicia gendarussa be included in the family Acanthaceae. The plant species are frequently used in research of traditional therapeutics. The macroscopy, microscopy, quantitative analysis, extractive values in ethanol and water, phytochemical screenings were estimated. Leaf is simple, entire, wavy, ovate, lanceolate, apex acuminate, 6 to 12 cm long, 2 to 5 cm wide-ranging, along with midrib major at the lower surface. T.S of midrib exposed the occurrence of a single layered epidermis, covered with cuticle and multicellular trichomes in both epidermis. The collenchymatous found near to the upper epidermis. Compactly arranged palisade parenchymatous cells with freely organize spongy parenchyma cells were observed. Endodermis layer surrounded the whole vascular bundle. Vascular bundle consists of xylem and phloem which were radically arranged. The cubical calcium oxalate crystals also observed. The physico-chemical like ash value, water and acid soluble, insoluble ash, extractive value was observed. The different extracts of Justicia gendarussa leaves show the existence of alkaloids, anthroquinone, coumarins, emodins, flavonoids, glycoside, polyphenol, saponin, steroids, tannin, terpenoids, triterpenoids and while anthocyanins were absent in aqueous extract, anthocyanins and emodins were absent in ethanol extract. Quantitatively flavonoid, tannin, triterpenoids and polyphenol were estimated.

G. Shamili*1 and G. Santhi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 630–637
Sonum Bamania*1, Shyam Sundar Sharma2 and Vijendra K. Sharma3
1 Department of Botany, Government P. G. College, Karauli - 322 241, Rajasthan, India 2 Department of Botany, Shri Agrasen P. G. Girls' College, Hindaun City - 322 230, District Karauli, Rajasthan, India 3 Department of Botany, Government P. G. College, Thanagazi - 301 022, District Alwar, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
This paper describes limnological study with respect to physicochemical characteristics of water of Panchana dam located in district Karauli in Eastern Rajasthan. Water quality of Panchana dam was studied for period of one year (February 2018 to January 2019) and tested following the standard methods at two sampling sites. The physicochemical values showed temporal or seasonal variation in the dam water. There is total 15 physicochemical parameters showed the different ranges at sites of dam. The value of various physicochemical parameters were: Water pH (7.25-8.29), Chemical Oxygen Demand (5.1-34 mg/l), Dissolved Oxygen (4.1-5.4 mg/l), Biological Oxygen Demand (1.3-3.8 mg/l), Chloride (12-120 mg/l), Sulphate (0.138-186 mg/l),Total Alkalinity (72-220 mg/l), Conductivity (185-490 µmhos/cm), Magnesium (16-210 mg/l), Calcium (11-112 mg/l), Nitrate (2.62-8.6 mg/l), Phosphate (0-0.3 mg/l) Total Hardness (60-480 mg/l), Total Dissolved Solids (100-356 mg/l) and total solids (126-391mg/l). Nitrate and phosphate also were present in the dam water. Dam water was found to be alkaline and slightly eutrophic during monsoon season. Thus, this study demonstrated the worth of relationship and analysis of various physicochemical parameters for getting better information about the quality dam water.

Sonum Bamania*1, Shyam Sundar Sharma2 and Vijendra K. Sharma3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 638–641
V. Sandhiya*1, T. Balakrishnan2 and V. Sakthivel3
1-3 Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Various Transfer of Technology (TOT) is implemented by the Government of India for the socio-economic development and welfare of farmers. ATMA programme is one among them which is pilot tested in 1999 under the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) in 28 districts of seven states in India which gave a positive outcome of the result in the dissemination of innovative technology. The present study was conducted in Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu to know the adoption per cent of farmers who had attended training on sorghum production technology. The trainees list was obtained from the State Department of Agriculture. A sample size of 120 respondents were selected by using a proportionate random sampling method. An ex-post facto research design was used. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. This study revealed that more than half of the respondents (51.67 per cent) had a medium level of adoption of sorghum production technology recommended by ATMA.

V. Sandhiya*1, T. Balakrishnan2 and V. Sakthivel3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 642–648
Bablu Ali Khan*1 and Basudev Mandal2
1 Centre for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore - 721 102, West Bengal, India 2 Department of Fishery Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore - 721 102, West Bengal, India
Abstract
The present study was conducted to generate a primary database on threatened categories of freshwater fish availability in the selected fish market at Contai subdivision, Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India with special reference to their conservation status. Two markets, namely Contai supermarket, Majna market of Contai-1 block, and other two markets Kalinagar fish market and Nachinda Bazar of Contai-3 block were surveyed for ten months from October-2020 to July-2021. A total of 67 fin and shellfish species were recorded during the survey period. In the present study as per IUCN (2018) out of 67 species found in Contai-1 and Contai-3 block, 48 species are in the Least Concern (LC) with a contribution of 71.64%, five species are vulnerable (VU) with a contribution of 7.46%, five species are Not Evaluated (NE) with the contribution of 7.46%, one species are Endangered (EN), and contribution of 1.49%, six species are Near Threatened (NT) with a contribution of 8.96% and two species are Data Deficient (DD) with a 2.99% contribution. The main aim of this study is to raise awareness of consumers and certain conservation measures of this threatened category of fishes and may regenerate the species in the natural resources.

Bablu Ali Khan*1 and Basudev Mandal2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 649–654
Rajee T1 and Selvamaleeswaran P*2
1-2 Department of Biotechnology, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram - 637 408, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge in the fight against infectious diseases. In this context, there is an urgent need to develop advanced enzyme-based formulations that can effectively combat biofilm formation in public health contexts. The present study was focus the isolation of halophilic bacterial isolates from salt pan soil samples in around Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, and India, and screening the keratinase enzyme producing isolates. Among the 24 isolates, two isolates were up to tolerate the 20% of salt media, which isolates as strongly halophilic. The S9 isolate was shows potential isolate, which exhibits the 35U/ml of enzyme. Among the 7 genus of clinical isolates, Enterococcus was highly inhibited with keratinase which exhibiting the zone of inhibition was ranged from 12 to 18mm and followed by Klebsiella sp. The best reduction was achieved at the highest enzyme concentrations 8U/ml, at which the effect on Enterococcus sp, with 56% of biofilms inhibition. The results of the antimicrobial activity against biofilm-forming isolates suggest that this enzyme could be a potential agent for the control of biofilms-forming pathogens.

Rajee T1 and Selvamaleeswaran P*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 655–661
Geetha Devi K*1 and Sree Devi Kumari T.2
1-2 Research Department of Zoology, Vivekananda College, Agasteeswaram, Kanyakumari District - 629 701, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli - 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
In recent years, the quest for bioactive molecules to create novel medicines and healthful meals has focused on marine resources. Particularly significant and economically beneficial as a source of food, fodder, soil conditioners, and medications are seaweeds. Thus, this investigation aims to assess bioactive components and antioxidant property of various extracts of green algae Ulva lactuca, collected from coastal region of Rasthacad, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. Soxhlet extracts of Ulva lactuca were prepared by using different slovents like aqueous, methanol and chloroform. All the extracts were analysed by GC-MS and 15 varieties of bioactive metabolites were chemically characterized. Methanolic and aqueous extracts of Ulva lactuca showed maximum scavenging property in all the tested assays (DPPH, FRAP and H2O2) in relation to control, Ascorbic acid. Ulva lactuca's methanolic extract had the greatest levels of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity compared to the extracts of aqueous and chloroform. The Ulva lactuca contains significant bioactive chemicals, according to GC-MS, which may have anti-cancerous potential.

Geetha Devi K*1 and Sree Devi Kumari T.2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 662–667
K. Swetha*1 and G. Jayachandra Reddy2
1-2 Department of Geography, College of Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
Vegetation loss has been an ongoing practice since the dawn of human space exploration. For both upper and lower catchment, it has an impact. Vegetation Index (VI) and Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques may be used to investigate this disruption. In terms of determining vegetation cover, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a useful tool. Visual and near infrared electromagnetic spectrum is used to generate a numerical indication. NDVI differencing was used to detect changes in the environment. In various NDVI threshold values, such as 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40, the NDVI technique is used based on its characteristic like vegetation. For policy makers, the simulation results show that the NDVI is very accurate in estimating surface properties of the viewable region. Over the entire study period, agriculture land was the predominant land use type (46.56%) during 2012, although it declined at an annual rate of 2%, and reached to only 7.13% in 2021. Forest showed the slight decrease (20.21% to 19.39%) since 2012–2021 with an annual increase rate of -0.82% and such growing trend does exist mainly in the peripheral rural transition of the urban centre. Within urban area, vegetation coverage has declined rapidly. Water body declined slightly at an annual rate of 2.81%, with around 4.17% to 1.36% since 2012-2021. Within main urban heartland, most of the water bodies are reclaimed and undergone into edifices. Large part of water bodies majorly captured by water hyacinth. Vegetation trend enhanced the growth of vegetation area and in between 2012 and 2021 recorded areal expansion was 29.06% to 25.56% with a decreasing rate of 3.50%. The primary goal of this article is to use the NDVI approach to spot changes in plant patterns and the disappearance of green cover.

K. Swetha*1 and G. Jayachandra Reddy2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 668–671
Rakesh Kumar Mahto*1 and Chidanand Patil2
1-2 Department of Applied Agriculture, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda - 151 401, Punjab, India
Abstract
Finger Millet, a nutritious millet crop grown primarily in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh is an important staple food for smallholder farmers in India. Despite its significance, the crop has often been overlooked in policy decisions, leading to unstable yields and market prices. In recent years, the government has increased the minimum support price (MSP) for finger millet from ₹360 per quintal in 1997-98 to ₹3578 per quintal in 2022-23 to address this issue. This study uses statistical tools and secondary data to analyze the association between MSP and the area under cultivation, production, and productivity of finger millet in India. The MSP has steadily increased over the years, while the area under cultivation and production have shown fluctuations. The productivity, however, has consistently remained above 1,000 kg per hectare. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of MSP for finger millet has been increasing significantly (9.4%), while the area under cultivation and production have been decreasing at an average annual rate of 2.65% and 1.76% respectively. The study also reveals a strong negative correlation between MSP and the area under Finger Millet cultivation (-0.84.,) a moderate negative correlation between MSP and finger millet production (-0.56), and a weak positive correlation between MSP and finger millet productivity (0.28).

Rakesh Kumar Mahto*1 and Chidanand Patil2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 672–675
Sabina Pradhan*1
1 Department of Botany, Banwarilal Bhalotia College, Asansol - 713 303, West Bengal, India
Abstract
There is a huge demand and hence a very lucrative market of cut flowers. They are used in various occasions in varied forms as garlands, wreaths, vase displays and many more. Most of those are grown in field or in greenhouses or in gardens; some are even collected from wild. Those with a longer vase life are preferred more than those which wilts easily. There are different ways by which the shelf life or vase life of cut flowers can be increased. To fulfil this objective, an experiment was conducted to understand the influence of certain chemicals on increasing the vase life of cut tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) and to understand the physiological and biochemical events leading to senescence. The cut flowers of tuberose were placed in vase solution comprising of sucrose with Aluminum Sulphate (AS) or Citric Acid (CA) with various concentrations. Distilled water without any chemicals was used as control. The analysis of the data indicated significant effect of sucrose and aluminum sulphate on different physiological and biochemical attributes and hence in enhancing the vase life. Holding solutions comprising of sucrose 4% + AS 200 ppm concentration resulted in maximum increase in vase life of cut tuberose.

Sabina Pradhan*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 676–682
Neena Narayanan*1 and Latha C2
1 Fatima Mata National College, Kollam - 691 001, Kerala, India 2 Milad-E-Sherief Memorial College, Kayamkulam - 690 502, Kerala, India
Abstract
Water birds are one of the bio-indicators of wetland ecosystem. Inland mangroves help in monitoring the water bird diversity and their assemblages. This study has been conducted in Jan. 2021- Dec. 2022 as weekly surveys. Observations on water birds were carried out by using a 10X50 Nikon Coolpix Binocular and Nikon p1000 Camera. Bird Surveys were conducted using the following methods - Direct observation method, point count and Line transect method. A total of 18 species of water birds belonging to 7 orders and 10 families were observed in the study area. Of these, 7 species of water birds were observed only in the winter season whereas 11 species were observed in every month. According to the water bird assemblages, 61.11% are Common, 27.78% were Uncommon, and 11.11% are Rare water birds. The water bird count was low in 2022 compared to the starting time (2021). Analysis of reasons for the decreasing water bird count in Ulavaipu mangroves proves that Ulavaipu mangroves are undergoing the conservation problems. Anthropogenic activities are the major threat in this area which causes the decreasing count of water birds. The Shannon index (H) of water birds in 2021 is 2.08 and 1.95 in 2022. The highest water bird diversity was recorded in Nov and lowest was observed in July. Two globally threatened water birds of Black-headed ibis and Oriental darter were observed during the field time. Four species of mangroves were identified. They are Rhizophora mangle, Kandelia candel, Bruguiera gymnorhiza and Rhizophora apiculata.

Neena Narayanan*1 and Latha C2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 683–686
Rakesh Kumar Mahto*1 and Chidanand Patil2
1-2 Department of Applied Agriculture, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda - 151 401, Punjab, India
Abstract
Gram, also known as Cicer arietinum L., is an important pulse crop in India, the world's largest producer and consumer of Gram. This study aims to analyze the trends, determine percentage changes and compound annual growth for MSP, cultivation area, production, and productivity of Gram, while also exploring the relationship between MSP and these factors. The study finds that the MSP for gram has shown a significant increase over the years, while the area under cultivation of gram has shown a decreasing trend. Interestingly, the production of gram has not seen a significant decline despite the decreasing trend in the area under cultivation. the CAGR of Gram's MSP increased significantly by 8.2%, while its area under cultivation (2.0%), production (3.2%), and productivity (1.2%) grew at a relatively slow to moderate pace, as per the study. Additionally, Higher MSP is positively correlated with higher area, production, and productivity of gram, as evidenced by the Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.78, 0.85, and 0.82, respectively. The results of this study will inform policy decisions and aid in the development of strategies for sustainable and profitable cultivation of gram in the country, thereby contributing to the goal of achieving food security and addressing malnutrition.

Rakesh Kumar Mahto*1 and Chidanand Patil2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 687–691
Jayaramappa K. V*¹, Bhargav H. R2 and Mathad G. V.3
1,3 Department of Botany, KLE College, Rajajinagar, Bangalore - 560 010, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Garden City University, Bangalore - 560 038, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Honeybees and flowering plants are interdependent and a good example for mutualism and co-evolution. Bees are considered as most efficient pollinators in the ecosystem and utilization of bees as pollinators for various entomophilous crops. The usage of bee attractants, Bee-Q and Fruit Boost™ in the pollination of coriander was evaluated. The bee visitations to coriander flowers were observed for two weeks followed by estimation of seed yield. The different concentrations of Bee-Q and Fruit boost™ was evaluated to understand the honeybee visitation pattern of target crop for improving pollination efficiency. The observations indicate that, Bee-Q at 12.5 g/l and Fruit boost at 0.75 ml/l on coriander plots significantly attracted higher number of bee foragers than the control plots. In addition, the plots sprayed with bee attractants significantly enhanced the seed set, seed weight and germination percentage of coriander. The present investigation suggests that the bee attractants increase marginal percentage of bee visitation, seed yield and germination percentage of coriander.

Jayaramappa K. V*¹, Bhargav H. R2 and Mathad G. V.3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 692–695
Pragathi A. H*1 and C. M. Noorjahan2
1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women (Autonomous), Teynampet, Chennai - 600 018, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
This research focused on the physical qualities, chemical composition and microbiological contamination of various brands of bottled water sold around Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India. Aims and Objectives of the present investigation is to determine the physicochemical parameters such as color, odor, pH, EC, BOD, COD, chloride and fluoride of the different water samples of commercial bottled drinking water and microbial analysis were also studied for the water samples. The results of the study revealed that the parameters of the sample were within the permissible limit as prescribed by WHO guidelines. Bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella Pneumoniae and fungal species such as Mucor sp and Aspergillus sp were identified in the water samples thereby indicating that the water is contaminated, which may cause infection and water borne diseases.

Pragathi A. H*1 and C. M. Noorjahan2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 696–701
Propalika Borpatra Gohain1, Dharitri Borgohain*2 and Budhadev Basumatary3
1-3 Department of Botany, North Lakhimpur College (Autonomous), Lakhimpur - 787 031, Assam, India
Abstract
Climate change, through its perils and risks generates vulnerable impacts that can surpass limits to adaptation and results in depletion and damages. The observed effects of past climate trends on global crop production and the increased susceptibility of plants enfeebled by the direct impacts of varying climatic conditions are evident in several regions of the world and are of special concern in agricultural dependent tropical regions with low or no levels of adaptation. Steady depletion of soil health and ecosystem services, sudden loss in food production from heat and drought are threatening food productivity thereby, compromising global food security worldwide. The present study is an overview of possible effects of the varying climate on rice and wheat production in India and it focuses on the impacts of the major climatic variables viz., CO2, temperature and rainfall on yield and quality. The increase in these factors can lead to reduced yield of crops, increased incidence of pest and disease outbreak, stunt the growth or cause complete crop failure. Crop production and management is a huge challenge because it is always highly dependent on climate and environmental factors. Therefore, shifting weather patterns and other factors contributing to such challenges must be identified and rectified. There is a growing need to understand the ecological dynamics of climate change impacts, to identify hotspots of vulnerability and resilience and to identify management mediations. The mechanisms, potentials and limits of natural as well as technology-based solutions need to be explored and quantified.

Propalika Borpatra Gohain1, Dharitri Borgohain*2 and Budhadev Basumatary3 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 13-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 702–706
Thilagam T1 and Selvamaleeswaran P*2
1-2 Department of Biotechnology, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Vengayapalayam, Rasipuram - 637 408, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious global threat to human health which necessitated to search safe and effective therapeutic. The present study investigated antimicrobial activity of Stigmasterol, isolated from the leaf extract of Ficus hispida. Different concentration of Stigmasterol was subjected to antimicrobial activity using well diffusion method against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species, with Ciprofloxacin as standard. The susceptibility results showed that the compound stigmasterol (100 µg/ml) inhibited the growth of all the test organisms with mean zone of inhibition range from 20.3 to 38.5 mm. Stigmasterol exhibited antibacterial activity over to Ciprofloxacin (10 µg/ml) against specially on Streptococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas fluorescens and moderate effect with other bacterial species includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of stigmasterol range from 3.12 to 100 µg/ml. Stigmasterol, a potent antibacterial similar the standard drug which could be safe and effective alternative and serve as lead compound in the development of novel antimicrobial drugs.

Thilagam T1 and Selvamaleeswaran P*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 707–710
Gayathri Ganesan*1 and Gomathi Selvam2
1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Botany A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur (Dt), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy) Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
In the present investigation suggested that the oyster mushrooms are edible for human being. The effect of antimicrobial properties was rich in mushrooms because of rich amount of bioactive molecules were represented. The antibacterial activity of Pleurotus florida against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp, Vibrio sp and Streptococcus aureus using different types of solvents of aqueous, chloroform, ethanol and methanol were performed. The organic solvent aqueous was maximum inhibitory activity showed then the other solvents. Similarly act against some human pathogenic fungi namely Aspergillus flavus, A. terreus, A. niger and Penicillium sp were determined. The maximum inhibitory of antifungal activity of P. florida with aqueous solvent against Aspergillus flavus and A. niger were analyzed when compared to other fungi and also other solvents. The minimum zone of inhibition observed in Aspergillus terreus and Pencillium sp. Hence, the edible mushroom P. florida was excellent candidature for insight of biological activities to the society.

Gayathri Ganesan*1 and Gomathi Selvam2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 711–715
Raja Palusamy1, Thiagu Ganesan2, Liyahathalikhan Umaralikhan3 and Appakan Shajahan*4
1-2,4 Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, P. G. and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India 3 PG and Research Department of Physics, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
In the current work, green processed of Ba-modified TiO2 nanoparticles (GBT) was employed from aqueous Withania somnifera hairy roots (WSR). The GBT was characterized by different methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The crystallites exhibited a size of 65–75 nm measured via DLS, while SEM with EDX analysis of synthesized nanoparticles confirmed their spherical-shaped and bowl-like particles. Using FTIR analysis, functional groups of synthesized GBT were established. From the PL spectrum, oxygen vacancies in synthesized GBT were observed at 518 nm. Furthermore, the antibacterial and anticancer activities of GBT were evaluated.

Raja Palusamy1, Thiagu Ganesan2, Liyahathalikhan Umaralikhan3 and Appakan Shajahan*4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 716–719
G. S. Shai Prasanna1, J. L. Joshi*2 and Ajish Muraleedharan3
1-2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) belongs to family Poaceae and chromosome number 2n = 2x = 24. Rice is a major staple food crop in the world. The 90% of the rice is grown and consumed in south and southeast Asia. Genetic divergence is an efficient tool for the selection of parents used in hybridization programme. In the present study thirty landraces of rice were subjected to diversity analysis using morphological markers for the identification of diverse genotypes. This analysis was carried out during kharif season of 2021 at the Genetics and Plant Breeding Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University. Based on clustering pattern, 30 landraces of rice were grouped into 5 clusters. The intra cluster distance was maximum at cluster II and inter-cluster distance, indicated greater divergence between cluster IV and cluster V followed by cluster III and IV and cluster II and V indicating greater genetic divergence and these genotypes may be utilized in further breeding programme for the exploitation of hybrid vigour. Among the five clusters studied the cluster I, II and IV were recorded by high mean values for grain yield per plant than general mean. The relative contribution of individual characters towards the expression of genetic diversity estimated over character wise D2 value revealed that with 58.40 per cent contribution for days to 50 per cent flowering, 12.91 per cent contribution of grains yield per plant, 8.50 per cent of number of grains per panicle and with 9.90 per cent from 1000 grain seed weight were the major traits contributing to the total divergence and may be utilized as parameters for selecting genetically diverse parents.

G. S. Shai Prasanna1, J. L. Joshi*2 and Ajish Muraleedharan3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 720–725
S. Lekha1, C. Latha2, M. G. Saphermathi3 and P. Prema*4
1 Department of Zoology, Queen Mary’s College (Autonomous), Chennai - 600 004, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Post Graduate Department of Zoology, M. S. M. College, Kayamkulam, Alappuzha District, Kerala, India 3 Panimalar Engineering College, Bangalore Trunk Road, Varadharajapuram, Nazarethpettai, Poonamallee, Chennai - 600 123, Tamil Nadu, India 4 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, V. H. N. Senthikumara Nadar College (Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Virudhunagar - 626 001, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Siderophores are secondary metabolites camouflaged in the presence of low iron conditions, which may act as ferric iron chelating agents, and their potentiality to control phytopathogenic fungi as well as bacteria that study have been inspired in the modern centuries. Siderophores secreted by Pseudomonas species have been extensively used as biocontrol agents and it is a substitute to control phytopathogenic microorganism in the field of agriculture. In the present study, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain secreted extracellular siderophores when it has been grown in Kings’B medium under low iron conditions. The optimal medium composition for the secretion of siderophore was 10 μM iron concentration, 0.1% maltose and glycine concentrations, temperature 30oC, incubation time 72 hours, and pH 7.0. The siderophores produced under optimal conditions showed better antagonistic effects to fungal pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotium rolfsii. Hence Pseudomonas fluorescens strain was considered as an efficient biocontrol agent for fungal pathogens through siderophore metabolite secretion.

S. Lekha1, C. Latha2, M. G. Saphermathi3 and P. Prema*4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 726–729
B. K. Pandey1, Neha2, N. K. Verma*3, Rishi Kumar Sharma4, Atul Shukla5 and Keshav Chandra6
1-2,6 Department of Agronomy, Brahmanand Post Graduate College, (Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, Rath (Hamirpur) - 210 431, Uttar Pradesh, India 3 Directorate of Marketing and Inspection, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare 4 Department of Botany, Brahmanand Post Graduate College, (Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, Rath (Hamirpur) - 210 431, Uttar Pradesh, India 5 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Brahmanand Post Graduate College, (Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, Rath (Hamirpur) - 210 431, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
The trial was conducted to evaluation the effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels on growth and yield in barley crop, field experiment was carried out in 2020-21 growing seasons. Experimental units were arranged in Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The highest value of growth parameters were obtained in the application of 80 kg ha-1 seed rate with nourishing of 120 kg nitrogen ha-1. All of the growth characters viz. plant height (cm), number of functional leaves plant-1 (at 90 DAS), number of tillers plant-1 and dry weight (g) plant-1 at harvest and yield attributes i.e., length of ear (cm), number of grains ear-1 and weight of ear (g) were found significantly maximum with the application of seed rate 80 kg ha-1 in combination of 120 kg nitrogen ha-1. The significant highest seed yield 40.94 q ha-1 was calculated with application of 100 kg ha-1 seed rate which was 1.75%, 1.58% and 2.64% more over application of 110 kg, 90 kg and 80 kg ha-1 seed rate. Increasing level of nitrogen significantly enhanced seed yield, the 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen application gave highest seed yield i.e., 43.63 q ha-1 over other nitrogen levels i.e., 100 kg, 80 kg ha-1 and the control. The highest benefit cost ratio 1.34 was calculated with 100 kg of seed rate and 1.39 in respect of 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen level.

B. K. Pandey1, Neha2, N. K. Verma*3, Rishi Kumar Sharma4, Atul Shukla5 and Keshav Chandra6 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 24-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 730–732
Mohiuddin Shaikh*1
1 Department of Zoology, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Sonai - 414 105, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Zn) in sample water and organs (muscle, gills and liver) of fish Labeo rohita of Godavari River, at Nathsagar Dam in Maharashtra. There was an appreciable decrease in metal concentrations in sample water from site I to site II. The heavy metal concentrations in sample water were in the order Ni>Pb>Zn>Cr>Cd. Accumulation of heavy metals in the organs of fish Labeo rohita was found in the order gills>muscle>liver. In the gills, lead was found maximum (2.65 µg/gm dry weight), whereas chromium was minimum (0.71µg/gm dry weight). In the muscles, lead was found maximum (1.98 µg/gm dry weight), whereas zinc was minimum (0.53µg/gm dry weight). In the liver, lead, cadmium and nickel were more concentrated compared to zinc and chromium. The concentration of heavy metals accumulated in gills and liver was found in the order Pb>Cd>Ni>Zn>Cr and in the muscles, it was found in the order Pb>Ni>Cd>Cr>Zn. As the fish Labeo rohita is largely consumed by people, it is essential to make awareness about water pollution and effects of heavy metals on human body. The results of this study supply valuable information on the metal contents in water sample and fish organs of the river Godavari, at Nathsagar Dam. Fish gills and muscles shows highest tendency to accumulate lead, cadmium and nickel, while accumulation of metals is less in liver. It is important to examine the toxic effect of metals on fish since they constitute an important link in food chain and their contamination by metal causes imbalances in the aquatic system. Hence, a scientific method detoxification is essential to improve the life of these economically important fishes in any stressed conditions.

Mohiuddin Shaikh*1 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 26-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 733–737
M. Manivannan1, G Subramanian2 and D. Jegadeeshkumar*3
1-2 Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal - 637 002, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Chromopark Life Science, 143-63, Ponnusamy Complex, Thuraiyur Road, Namakkal - 637 001, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance is a critical issue that has led to an increase in demand for new antibacterial compounds. In this point of view, present study was evaluating the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of algae extract against food isolates. Totally 7 types of bacterial genera were observed from meat samples and subjected to screening the biofilm producing isolates. Among the 18 isolates, 77.7% of were biofilm producers, which were confirmed with Congo red agar plate method. Among the 7 test pathogens, K. pneumoniae and E. faecalis were highly suppressed, 10mg of concentration was suppressed the all isolates. In case of antibiofilm process, highest activity was observed against above-mentioned isolates. The GC-MS result showed the presence of several important antimicrobial fatty acids like 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, Hexadecanedioic acid, 1,15-Pentadecanedioic acid. In this study, Ulva rigida was shown to have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and be antibiofilm activity at low concentration; therefore, Ulva rigida extract could have important application in the field of antimicrobial production as alternative to antibiotics.

M. Manivannan1, G Subramanian2 and D. Jegadeeshkumar*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-May-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 3 ; 738–742
P. Oviya*1 and P. Madhanraj2
1-2 PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Maruthupandiyar College, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy-24), India
Abstract
The present investigation suggested that the endophytic fungi that are residing asymptotically in internal tissues of all plants and promising sources of biologically novel active compounds were recognized. The marine soil physiochemical parameters of Mallipattinam and Kollukadu of Pattukkottai taluk were analyzed. The Kollukadu soil has rich physio chemical properties when compared with Mallippattinam soil sample obviously water sample in Mallipattinam was excellent parameters found to be recorded when compared with Kollukadu water sample recorded respectively. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi like, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, A. ochraceous, Chaetomiun sp., Fusarium sp., F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, Pencillium chrysogenum, P. citrinum, P. janthinellum, P. purpurrescens, R. stolonifer, Trichoderma harzianum from marine associated medicinal plants such as Acanthus ilicifolius, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Ceriops decandra, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizophora mucronata were determined respectively. Among the six-marine associated medicinal plants the Acanthus ilicifolius showed maximum fungal colonies (67) were recorded and minimum fungal colonies (48) in the Rhizophora mucronata were recognized respectively. The statistical analysis of Shannon and Simpson index of endophytic fungi were performed. The fungi that make up charge of different biological characteristics that are used in industrial important fungi and environmentally beneficial methods of living.

P. Oviya*1 and P. Madhanraj2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 31-May-2023