Issues

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 307–315

Namrata1 and Arup Giri*2

1-2 Department of Zoology, Baba Mastnath University, Asthal Bohar, Rohtak - 124 001, Haryana, India

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in water and various food resources has raised concerns about the human health and well-being. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the physicochemical parameters and the levels of minerals and heavy metals in honey along with special implication of health risk assessment in Haryana, India. All the physic-chemical parameters were estimated by standard methods. All the minerals and heavy metals were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optic Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). Results showed that the pH, moisture content, electrical conductivity, optical density, total protein content and acidity were 5.78, 20.89%, 0.81 mS/cm, 0.25, 0.00, and 0.21%, respectively. The mean values of minerals were 13.21 mg/100 g for sodium; 177.52 mg/100 g for potassium; 20.26 mg/100 g for calcium and 71.10 mg/100 g for magnesium. Among heavy metals, iron was most abundant with an average of 1.69 mg/100 g. The mean concentrations of selenium and copper in investigated honey samples were 0.68 mg/100g and 1.50 mg/100 g, respectively. Non-carcinogenic risk related parameters like estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) were also analysed. HQ level indicated that there is a potential threat to children and adult population due to honey consumption in future. Our findings could lead to the need for future research, emphasizing the importance of exploring sources of heavy metals and implementing strategies to mitigate heavy metal contamination in honey.

Namrata1 and Arup Giri*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 316–320

Adarsh Bhushan*1, Dinesh Mani2 and Pravesh Kumar3

1-3 Sheila Dhar Institute of Soil Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The pot experiment was conducted to find out the Lead (Pb) remediation potential of Amaranth in contaminated soil with EDTA. The soil samples were tested to different levels of Pb contamination namely control, 300 ppm,300 ppm+EDTA,600 ppm,600 ppm + EDTA, 1200 ppm, 1200ppm+EDTA, 1800ppm, 1800ppm+EDTA per pot respectively with EDTA as a dose of 3.0 mmole EDTA/kg soil. The application of EDTA gives a significant effect on the solubility of Pb in soil and Pb absorption by Amaranth. The result revealed that Pb has been accumulated higher amount in root, shoot and leaves of test crop Amaranth. The TF>1.0 value indicates the hyperaccumulation tendency of Amaranth therefore; it may be a promising plant species for phytoremediation.

Adarsh Bhushan*1, Dinesh Mani2 and Pravesh Kumar3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 321–324

Ramesh Baviskar*1 and Laxman Rathod2

1 Department of Botany, ICLES’ Motilal Jhunjhunwala College, Vashi, Navi Mumbai - 400 703, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, Mahatma Phule Arts, Science and Commerce College, Panvel - 410 206, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Isolation of Penicillium expansum from diseased pear fruits and their sensitivity were evaluated and identified as resistant and sensitive. Further research involved the utilization of susceptible Penicillium expansum isolates. Sensitive isolate (Pe-11) conidia of Penicillium expansum were subjected to thiophanate methyl and application of various physical mutagenic treatments, including spontaneous mutation (Sp), UV lamp, and chemical mutagens such as Bromyl Uracil (BU), Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS), and N-Nitro-N-Methyl Urea (NMU), to the sensitive isolate of Penicillium expansum (Pe-11) revealed the emergence of mutants with varying resistance levels. Among them, highly resistant mutants demonstrated exceptional virulence, while moderately resistant and less resistant mutants also exhibited degrees of virulence. It was observed that UV ray treatment yielded a fruitful percentage of mutants, followed by SP, NMU, and EMS. The study concentrated on formulating fungicide resistance in resistant and sensitive isolates, emphasizing spontaneous mutation, UV, BU, EMS, and NMU. This investigation indicated a notable rise in the frequency percentage and a greater number of mutants compared to alternative treatments. Furthermore, the highest pathogenicity was attributed to mutants obtained via spontaneous, UV, and EMS treatment.

Ramesh Baviskar*1 and Laxman Rathod2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 325–326

Laxman Rathod*1 and Ramesh Baviskar2

1 Department of Botany, Mahatma Phule Arts, Science and Commerce College, Panvel - 410 206, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, ICLES’ Motilal Jhunjhunwala College, Vashi, Navi Mumbai - 400 703, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

A study was conducted to examine the impact of certain fungicides on the mycoflora of seeds and their effect on germination, vigour index, and persistence in treated groundnut seeds. In vitro seed treatment using chemicals was found to be a safe, cost-effective and highly efficient method for controlling seed-borne pathogens. In light of this, the current research aimed to assess the effectiveness of six seed dressing fungicides in terms of their impact on seed mycoflora and seed germination and vigour index of groundnut. Cv. TLG-45 shows the response to the captafol treatment concerning its seed mycoflora, seed germination and vigour index. Through careful analysis, it was observed that higher concentrations of carbendazim led to a reduction in seed mycoflora while simultaneously promoting increased seed germination and vigour index. The effect of captafol fungicides was observed on seed mycoflora, seed germination, and vigour index of Groundnut. The fungicide used for seed treatment was captafol, ranging from 0.1-0.5% concentrations. The captafol was found to be inhibitory to significantly reducing the percent seed mycoflora and increasing percent seed germination and vigour index.

Laxman Rathod*1 and Ramesh Baviskar2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 05-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 327–330

Sandipan Gupta*1 and Soham Roy2

1-2 Department of Fishery Science, Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College, Kolkata - 700 108, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Boesemani Rainbowfish is one of the most popular ornamental fishes in international ornamental fish trade as well as in India due to its attractive color pattern, shape and ability to live in confined environment. This fish species is endemic to Lake Ayamaru and surrounding tributaries of West Papua, Indonesia and is used to being imported to India for ornamental fish markets. Due to high market price, this fish species still is out of reach to general fish hobbyists in India. The main reasons behind high market price are low supply and high import cost. Captive culture of this fish species can solve the problem of low supply as well also cut down the market price by curbing the import cost. With this aim, the present experiment was conducted to standardize the captive culture of Boesemani Rainbowfish in Indian climatic condition. Captive culture was done using sex ratio of 1:1 and stocking group of 40 individuals in the breeding tank. Important parameters related to captive culture like fertilization rate, hatching rate and larval survivability were measured. Fertilization rate, hatching rate and larval survivability was found to be 90.21%, 84.58% and 60.31% respectively.

Sandipan Gupta*1 and Soham Roy2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 331–335

B. Ramalingappa1, H. M. Siddesh2 and G. L. Aruna*3

1-2 Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Davangere University, Davangere - 577 002, Karnataka, India 3 Post-Graduate Department of Microbiology, Maharani’s Science College for Women (Autonomous), Mysore - 570 005, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The fossil fuels, coal and natural gases are used as energy sources for automobiles. These energy sources are not eco-friendly, non-renewable, and they could exhaust in near future. This energy crisis, repercussions and hazardous effects associated with fossil fuels necessitate discovering of novel idea of alternative, ecofriendly and renewable energy sources. Bio ethanol is an alternative renewable energy source made from various agricultural waste products by the fermentation activity of yeast. This work is an attempt to produce bio ethanol from sugarcane bagasse agro waste using highly potent sugarcane bagasse saccharifying fungus Aspergillus niger and potent fermentative yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For high bioethanol yield, the fermentation parameters including substrate concentration, incubation time, incubation temperature and pH were optimized. The potassium dichromate method was used to determine the amount of bioethanol separated through fractional distillation and was confirmed by GC-MS analysis. It was found that 2.5g/100 ml concentration of sugarcane bagasse with pH of 5.5 after being incubated for 10 days at 30°C showed high yield of bioethanol. It was estimated to be 6.81 % (v/v) at optimum conditions. It was confirmed by GC-MS analysis which showed 9.99% (v/v) ethanol at the retention time 20.08 minutes and the peak value 207 indicates highest ethanol concentration. This study revealed that sugarcane bagasse is one of the cheap and abundantly available agricultural waste can be exploited for the production of bioethanol since it contains significant amount of sugar.

B. Ramalingappa1, H. M. Siddesh2 and G. L. Aruna*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 336–344

Muthuraja K1, Saravanan P2 and Anand D*3

1-3 Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai - 600 005, Tamil Nadu), Mylapore, Chennai - 600 004, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Anisomeles malabarica, an aromatic plant is widely known for its anti-diabetic properties. The current study was carried out to screen for the presence of endophytic bacteria in the leaves of Anisomeles malabarica. One bacterial strain was isolated from the tissues and identified as Bacillus cereus using 16S rRNA sequencing. Further investigation was done to explore the contribution of the endophytic bacteria in the metabolite content of the A. malabarica leaves. The bacterial metabolites were extracted using chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. The compounds were identified using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. The analysis revealed the presence of some really significant metabolites like D-Limonene, Eucalyptol, terpineol, neral, cymene, Isobornyl acetate, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, Dibutyl phthalate, careen etc., which are of great value. This study confirms the presence of endophytic bacteria in the A. malabarica leaves and its potential role in the metabolite profile of the leaves. This report is the first to isolate and identify a bacterial strain inhabiting the leaf tissues of A.malabarica. the bacterial isolate from plants could be a potential source of bioactive compounds.

Muthuraja K1, Saravanan P2 and Anand D*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 345–351

Kishore Janardhan Patil*1

1 Nilanjan Life Solutions, Jalgaon - 425 001, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Microorganisms are ubiquitous and plays important role for maintaining the nutritive value of soil. Soil microbes are part of soil biological as well as organic matter, responsible for releasing nutrients from organic matter or convert them into more easily accessible form by the plants. The application of chemical fertilizers leads to decrease in microbial flora and fertility of soil. Therefore, it is necessary to explore substitutes to increase the efficiency and quality of crops with minimal environmental impact. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria can provide solutions to some agri-environmental problems. In this study, Soil samples are collected from different region of Jalgaon area such as “Meharune Pimprala and Paldhi. Two bacterial strains of nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilizing and potassium solubilizing are isolated and tested for growth promoting ability. Further on basis of biochemical characteristic, the isolated microorganism are identified with the help of ABIS online platform. The isolated organisms are identified as M1D1(Bacillus megaterium), M1B1 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), M2B2 (Bacillus bataviensis), M2C1 (Bacillus tequilensis), M3D2 (Azotobacter chroococcum) and M3B1 (Azotobacter beijerinckii). The results, in vivo, demonstrate that the bacteria increase the length of root and shoot with the number of leaves. The outcome implies that Bacillus tequilensis has properties as a plant growth promoter and can be used as a promising inoculant to enhance the growth of seedlings.

Kishore Janardhan Patil*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 352–356

Kapil Panwar1, Anurag Airon2, Randhir Kaswan*3 and Kiran Bala Bishnoi4

1-4 Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India

Abstract

A cropping pattern refers to the proportionate area under different crops during an agricultural year. An area's agricultural transformation is mostly determined by the cropping pattern, so studying it is vital. The present research work attempts to study the trends and fluctuations in the area under important crops in the arid agroclimatic zone of south-west Haryana by using space-borne remote sensing data by unsupervised classification in ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 software along with secondary data. The study was conducted over three time frames, viz., 2000, 2010 and 2020. Analysis of cropping patterns in the study area revealed that rice, cotton and mustard crops have come to dominate, and the gram area has declined. Rice and cotton have increased due to fertilizer and irrigation by groundwater and canals. The area under gram has decreased and been replaced by mustard in some places. The study presented the spatial distribution of the present cropping pattern in the south-west parts of Haryana.

Kapil Panwar1, Anurag Airon2, Randhir Kaswan*3 and Kiran Bala Bishnoi4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 357–361

Veena R*1, Raveendra Hegde2, Chetan H. C1, S. N. Megeri3 and Mohammed Mudassar Chanda4

1 The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Jarakabande Kaval, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India 2 FMD Regional Center, Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, India 3 Professor of Statistics (Retired), #B-201 R&S Lake View Apartment Rachenahalli, St. Anns Church Road, Thanisandra, Bangalore - 560 077, Karnataka, India 4 ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease affected domestic livestock. There are seven serotypes of the FMD virus reported globally. In India, serotypes O, A, C and Asia 1 are reported. The spatial distribution of different serotypes is not known. In this study, we used Geographical Information System (GIS) for mapping of different serotypes in different years for Karnataka state. We found that serotype O is the main serotype in Karnataka. The serotype distribution maps will be useful for planning FMD surveillance and disease control strategies for the state of Karnataka and can be extended to other states of India.

Veena R*1, Raveendra Hegde2, Chetan H. C1, S. N. Megeri3 and Mohammed Mudassar Chanda4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 362–367

Sukhwinder Kaur*1 and Saurabh Sharma2

1-2 Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar - 144 030, Punjab, India

Abstract

Plant diseases are one of the main causes of obstruction in plant production, which can lead to the deficiency of food supply worldwide. It is recommended to diagnose plant diseases at their initial phase to reduce agriculture loss. So, there is an urgent need for markedly improved detection, monitoring, and detection of plant diseases. The primary emphasis of this research is to design a novel hybrid model to categorize potato leaf diseases at their earliest with the deep convolutional network by assessing leaf images. This proposed work is based on image feature extraction to train and test the proposed hybrid model. The dataset of 1200 potato leaf images were extracted from the Plant-Village dataset for leaf disease detection. The proposed system for leaf disease detection produced an enhanced training accuracy of 98.60% while training loss reduced to 0.0394 after 25 epochs. The proposed system will be beneficial for the farmers to diagnose leaf diseases at their earliest by evading manual identification which is a very tiresome and labor-intensive task.

Sukhwinder Kaur*1 and Saurabh Sharma2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 368–375

Sarika Satish Kulkarni*1, Anil Panditrao Narsinge2, Ranjana Shirish Chavan3 and Gajanan Vishnu Mali4

1-2 Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya, Ambajogai, Beed - 431 517, Maharashtra, India 1, 3-4 UG and PG Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Yashwantrao Mohite College, Erandwane, Pune - 411 038, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Contemporary apprehensions about environmental degradation stem from various natural and anthropogenic activities, encompassing rapid industrialization, global economic expansion, increased agrochemical use, and increased hydrocarbon deposition. This multifaceted array of activities contributes to environmental decay, resulting in decreased crop yields and deleterious effects on the biota. Heavy metals emerge as prominent contaminants in environmental pollution, characterized by their nonbiodegradable nature and prolonged persistence in ecosystems. The deleterious repercussions of heavy metal contamination on soil and aquatic organisms are multiple, thereby necessitating vigilant consideration. The adverse consequences of heavy metal exposure extend beyond the environmental impact to include significant implications for human health. Consequently, remedial interventions become imperative to eliminate hazardous organic heavy metals or facilitate their conversion into less harmful inorganic forms. This review synthesizes the existing literature on the intricate interplay between anthropogenic activities, heavy metal contamination, and the resulting environmental and health implications. By scrutinizing these intricate dynamics, this review seeks to illuminate the imperatives of effective remediation strategies in mitigating the adverse consequences of heavy metal pollution, thus fostering sustainable environmental practices and protecting public health.

Sarika Satish Kulkarni*1, Anil Panditrao Narsinge2, Ranjana Shirish Chavan3 and Gajanan Vishnu Mali4 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 13-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 376–383

A. Arivazhagan*1 and M. Senthilkumar2

1-2 Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Groundwater is a vital life component in earth for sustaining every species of life. Groundwater is incredible source through water cycle and it is extremely beneficial for the living body. But, the not potable water release from geogenic sources and some place anthropogenic source may significantly levels of pollution in groundwater, making it vital to assess the quality of the groundwater for current use and to develop its potential as a sustainable water source for human use. Groundwater is a major source of irrigation and drinking water in India's rural areas. The condition of ground water is very important in this part of Harur Taluka since it is a vital source for agriculture and drinking water, and the local population faces numerous problems with water quality. The goal of the irrigational purposes of current study project is to look into the geographical distribution and quality of groundwater. approaches as well as hydro chemical dynamics. pH of groundwater samples are fall in potable condition their limiting Values of 6.5 - 8.5 in this study area. In this research work, twelve water quality parameters were tested at 34 different selected locations, including E.C. micS/cm, TDS, pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3, CO3, SO4, Cl, and F. The purpose of the analysis was to evaluate the quality of the water. Every region within the study area is classified as Acceptable, Allowable, and Not Potable based on the spatial distribution map. The hydro chemical mechanism of water quality was principally due to the leaching from soil to groundwater. Groundwater in the studied area has a geochemical pattern that indicates sodium as the predominant cation (NaCa Mg>K) and chloride as the predominant anion. (CI>HCO3>SO4>H4SiO4>NO3>F>PO4) respectively.

A. Arivazhagan*1 and M. Senthilkumar2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 384–389

J. L. Jamdar*1, S. N. Patil2 and A. K. Sahoo1

1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416 004, Maharashtra, India 2 School of Allied Health Sciences, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur - 416 118, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The common salt is the major source of sodium to the diet. Excessive salt intake has various negative effects on health. Pickle is the product containing high amount of salt. The aim of this work was to reduce sodium content and to study the effect of sodium chloride replacement with potassium chloride on physiochemical, sensorial and microbiological qualities of mango pickle during storage at room temperature (25±5°C) in glass jar and laminated foil pouch. From sensory analysis as insignificant differences were observed in overall acceptability score of pickles made by replacing 25% and 50% of sodium chloride with potassium chloride (8.17 and 8.14) compared with control (8.18) the pickle made with maximum 50% potassium chloride in replacement of sodium chloride was considered for further physicochemical, sensorial and microbial study during storage. No significant difference among proximate constituents was observed in control and selected potassium salt replaced sample (MPK2). The overall acceptability of MPK2 was found about 8.53 in glass jar and 7.02 in laminated foil pouch up to 9 and 7 months respectively. The moisture content, water activity and titrable acidity of MPK2 were found to be increased while pH was decreased during storage in both packaging materials. The sample found microbiologically safe up to 9 months and 7 months. Thus, it was possible to reduce the sodium content of mango pickle by replacing 50% sodium chloride with potassium chloride and could be stored safely up to 9 months and 7 months in glass jar and laminated foil pouch respectively.

J. L. Jamdar*1, S. N. Patil2 and A. K. Sahoo1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 390–394

Rekha Gupta*1 and Pragya Kulkarni2

1-2 Department of Microbiology, Government V. Y. T. P/G Autonomous College, Durg - 491 001, Chhattisgarh, India

Abstract

The Present study aimed to isolate, characterize and identify thermophilic fungi from dairy farm compost soil and screen for potential of secondary metabolites production. Dairy farm compost soil from the Bhilai Durg region of Chhattisgarh, was used for primary isolation of fungi and further identified as Mycothermus thermophilus using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) technique. The Phylogenetic tree was inferred using Neighbour- joining method. The evolutionary distances were computed using the maximum composite likelihood method. The secondary metabolites found in the CFCF were analyzed by GCMS and identified the presence of some important chemical compounds such as lactic acids, oximes, maltol, pyrrolo(pyrazine1,4 dione), 2,5 piperzinedione etc. Results suggest that dairy farm compost soil has thermophilic fungal species that could be a potential source of these useful chemical compounds which has diverse industrial significance.

Rekha Gupta*1 and Pragya Kulkarni2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 395–397

M. A. Aute*1 and S. A. Saraf2

1-2 Department of Zoology, Government College of Arts and Science, Chhatrapati Sambahjinagar - 431 004, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

In India, white grubs have recently become a more challenging pest. The white grubs are sometimes known as May-June beetles or Chaffer beetles. White grubs consume plant roots, and their beetles consume the leaves of their hosts. The extent of their infestation has been widely publicized over the past few years, with reports coming from all around the nation. Because of the inability to manage their damages, most farming operations have essentially abandoned efforts to control these pests. The Indian state of Maharashtra includes Jalna. Holotrachia consaguinea Bl., Holotrachia longipennis Fab., Holotrachia rosettae Br., Leucopholis lepidophora Bl. (Melolonthidae), and Anomola sp. (Rutelidae) are the five main species of white grubs, particularly in Maharashtra. Scarabaeidae adults were gathered for the current study from the leaves of host plants including Citrus limetta, Saccharum officinarum, Sugar cane, and pigeon pea. The Holotrachia longipennis is the most prevalent species in Jalna, a city in the Indian state of (Maharashtra). Research efforts have focused on studying these pests and their impact on various host plants such as Citrus limetta, Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane), and pigeon pea. Understanding the behavior and biology of these pests is crucial for developing effective management strategies to mitigate their damage and protect agricultural yields in affected areas like Maharashtra.

M. A. Aute*1 and S. A. Saraf2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 19-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 398–404

Anupama Natesh*1 and Arun Kumar Bhat2

1-2 Department of Civil Engineering, N. M. A. M. Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala - 574 110, Karnataka, India

Abstract

In this paper, study is mainly soil quality profile of lateritic soil since Southern part of Karnataka and Kerala is mainly varied with red soil and lateritic soil and also has major production of cash crops like coconut, areca-nut and rubber. Agriculture is an important enterprise of Kasaragod district Kerala, India. For the collected soil sample, basic soil tests such as moisture content, bulk density, grain size analysis and physicochemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, macronutrients organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were performed and results were calculated. The secondary nutrients like calcium and magnesium content of soil are analyzed. Results were interpreted from the spatial variation maps. The soil texture of the soil in the Padre micro watershed area is of sandy clay with very less percentage of silt. The percentage clay in soil ranges from 28% to 63%. Clay level will influence the behaviour of organic and inorganic pollutants in soil. The nature of the soil is acidic in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. Generally, this characteristic feature is very common in lateritic soils. It is observed that organic content in the study area is in the range of 0.06 to 3.36% during the pre-monsoon season, and the values range of 0.1 to 3.8% during the post-monsoon season. Increased soil organic carbon and exchangeable bases are influenced by the vegetation, climate, altitude, and soil minerals, respectively. Another potential cause of the soil's pH being lowered is the existence of a larger concentration of organic materials. The decreased value of total nitrogen in organic plots may be due to crop uptake, microbial immobilization, and volatilization.

Anupama Natesh*1 and Arun Kumar Bhat2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 405–408

M. Mohamed Thasneem1 and R. Krishnamoorthy*2

1-2 Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Soil analysis is usually carried out to check soil quality, nutrient content, and changes in various soil parameters and thus provide all the information necessary to understand the nutrient inputs needed to improve the soil. To achieve the expected yields, it is essential to understand the quality of the soil in advance. Soil may be tested for nutrient content, moisture content, texture, and pH amongst other factors to procure more information. It changes its properties with respect to the environment. Soil reflects both natural and human activities. It turns its properties into ecological problems. Two desirable functions of healthy soil are nutrient cycling and insect suppression. Insects can affect soil and plant health directly by feeding on pests or serving as alternative prey for larger predatory arthropods. In this study, soil quality such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese and chromium were measured in sediment samples from Sirumalai hill. The results show that the soil contains enough organic carbon and nutrients for the growth of microbes and plants.

M. Mohamed Thasneem1 and R. Krishnamoorthy*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 409–414

Md Kamrul Islam*1, Mudasir Rajab2 and Mashud Ahmed3

1 Department of Economics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar - 799 022, Tripura, India 2 Department of Economics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202 001, Uttar Pradesh, India 3 Khairun Nessa Begum Women’s College, Badarpur, Karimganj - 788 806, Assam, India

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the factors that affects India’s agricultural exports and identify the potential in agricultural exports with South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) economies. Presents analysis utilizing various specifications of an augmented gravity model of trade, incorporating both time-invariant and time-varying factors collected from secondary sources for the period of 32 years from 1990 to 2021. The coefficient obtained from the gravity model of trade is subsequently employed to calculate the speed of convergence in order to ascertain the export potential of India with SAARC economies. The findings demonstrate that the majority of the variables display the anticipated sign and are statistically significant, thereby confirming the principle of the gravity model of trade. Moreover, the rate of convergence reflects that India has demonstrated convergence in agricultural exports with five SAARC members, specifically Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, while experiencing divergence with Maldives. Thus, the study suggests that India possesses substantial untapped potential for agricultural exports with SAARC economies, which must be harnessed by expanding its agricultural exports portfolio.

Md Kamrul Islam*1, Mudasir Rajab2 and Mashud Ahmed3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 415–419

Irfin Fathima S.1 and M. Velvizhi*2

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Muslim Arts College (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli), Thiruvithancode - 629 174, Kanniyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

For thousands of years, people have utilized plants as medicine in ancient cultures. Extracts from medicinal plants are said to possess health-promoting qualities since they include secondary metabolites such flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, carotenoids, and steroids, among others. The leaves of certain plants are used to treat multiple leaves, convulsive cough, and epilepsy. A review of the literature reveals a number of health advantages as well as pharmacological characteristics, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects, among many others. This study is to characterize the powdered citrus limon leaves using Xrd and Edax and to analyze the powdered citrus limon leaves using two extracts, methanol and aqueous, for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The nano powder of citrus limon leaves, according to a preliminary qualitative and quantitative study, included flavonoids, alkaloids, limonoids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, coumarins, and essential oils. The phenolic chemicals, limonoids, and alkaloids found in citrus limon leaf nano powder make it a potent bioactive substance. It can be used to cure some illnesses and is an excellent source of phytochemicals.

Irfin Fathima S.1 and M. Velvizhi*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 420–424

N. Vetrikodi*1 and K. A. Jeyanthi2

1-2 Department of Biotechnology, Thanthai Hans Roever College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Perambalur - 621 212, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Plant-derived compounds, known for their safety and non-toxic attributes, are increasingly sought after in the pursuit of effective anticancer agents. This study aimed to elucidate the in-vitro anticancer potential of ethanol extract from Allium fistulosum against the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) by inducing apoptosis. The cytotoxicity against MCF-7 was evaluated using the MTT assay. The apoptotic effect of the ethanol extract was characterized through mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and Acridine Orange-Ethidium bromide staining method. The MTT assay revealed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, with IC50 values measured at 45.85 μg/ml, while demonstrating minimal toxicity against normal endothelial cells. Furthermore, treatment with the ethanol extract induced a reduction in MMP and an increase in ROS levels within breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that the ethanol extract may possess potent anticancer and apoptogenic activities by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damage in breast cancer cells.

N. Vetrikodi*1 and K. A. Jeyanthi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 425–431

J. Sarala Jhansi Rani*1 and T. Ramadevi2

1 Department of Commerce, Kakatiya Government College, Hanamkonda - 506 001, Telangana, India 2 Department of Commerce and Business Management, Sri Durgamalleswara Siddhartha College for Women, Vijayawada - 520 010, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

The current study attempts to understand the demographic variables and their influence on cotton's marketing problems in three Telangana state districts. These three districts are located in three agroclimatic zones, i.e. Adilabad (NT Zone), Warangal (CT Zone) and Mahabubnagar (ST Zone). The study is based on primary and secondary data collected during the agricultural years 2021-22. Secondary data was collected from the agricultural marketing board, CCI, Telangana State Agricultural Department. Data is processed using descriptive analytical tools and techniques. Most of the farmers, 170 (37.8%), have 11-15 years of experience, followed by 6-10 years (18.9%) and 16-25 years (17.3%), and the farmers with less than five years of experience in farming account for 11.1%. The farmers with more than 25 years of experience are showing interest in cultivating the cotton crop, accounting for 14.9%. Most of the farmers 139 (30.9%) have invested in cotton crop production below one lakh, followed by 2-4 lakhs 117 (26%). Only farmers could invest more than ten lakhs, numbered 41 (9.1%). Most of the farmers are cultivating cotton in an area of less than two acres of land 177 (39.3%), followed by 2-5 acres of land holdings 125 (27.8%) and 5-10 acres holdings 73 (16.2%). The cotton-growing farmers with over 20 acres of land holdings are about 20 (4%). It is also observed that newspapers ranked first among the three impersonal sources of cotton marketing information, followed by radio and television. In contrast, the market committee ranked first out of the six formal personal sources of information, followed by CCI and e-NAM. The data from the informal personal sources of information (nine sources) revealed that cooperative marketing occupied first rank, followed by progressive farmers, relatives, cotton grower associations, farmer's friends, neighbours, trading companies, and commission agents.

J. Sarala Jhansi Rani*1 and T. Ramadevi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 432–436

Ganesan G1 and Sujatha P. S*2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore - 641 018, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The majority of plants have therapeutic qualities that are frequently used by native people throughout the world. Research focuses on describing and evaluating plant components potential for fighting various illnesses; however, it is still difficult to recognize bioactive components. Asia's tropical and subtropical climates are native to Lagerstroemia speciosa. The sample plant we used has two different leaf types: a green leaf and a red leaf. The leaf pigments exhibit the colour variation. Focusing on a wide range of phytopharmacological characteristics and GC-MS investigations is something we're interested in. Finding the active compounds that were separated from the ethanol extracts of L. speciosa leaves was the objective of the study’s earlier work. The pharmacological properties include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, gastrointestinal, diuretic, thrombolytic, cardiovascular, central nervous, inhibition of TNFα production, xanthine oxidase inhibition, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects. The chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and therapeutic effects of the selected parts of L. speciosa are discussed in this study.

Ganesan G1 and Sujatha P. S*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 437–441

P. Oviya*1 and P. Madhanraj2

1-2 PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Marudupandiyar College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy-24), Thanjavur - 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

In the current investigation, the isolation of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants associated with marine environments was proposed. Specifically, the plants Acanthus ilicifolius, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Ceriops decandra, Excoecaria agallocha, and Rhizophora mucronata were analyzed. A total of 16 endophytic fungi were isolated and identified. The fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. fumand P. citrinumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, A. ochraceous, Chaetomiun sp., Fusarium sp., F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, Pencillium chrysogenum, P. citrinum, P. janthinellum, P. purpurrescens, R. stolonifer, and Trichoderma harzianum were subjected to screening for protease enzyme activity using the in vitro method of plate assay. According to the screening results, Trichoderma harzianum exhibited a significant zone of clearance, indicating its effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of other organisms. The presence of authenticated functional groups of compounds, known for their diverse biological activities, was estimated. The compounds were analyzed using FT-IR, which allowed for the identification of amines, nitrogen, alkene, and halogen compounds. Additionally, GC-MS analysis was employed to identify volatile compounds and determine their functional properties. A total of ten bioactive compounds were analyzed using the GC-MS method, and these compounds were found to be responsible for various biological activities. Therefore, Trichoderma harzianum shows potential as fungi for the production of protease enzymes and for use in industrial processes in the future.

P. Oviya*1 and P. Madhanraj2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 442–446

Abirami S*1, Muruganandam A1, Ambikapathy V2, Prakash P3 and Kanmani A3

1 P. G. and Research Department of Botany, M. R. Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Trichy-24), Mannargudi - 614 001, Tamil Nadu, India 2 P. G. and Research Department of Botany, A.V. V. M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University Trichy-24), Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Indian Biotrack Research Institute, Thanjavur - 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

In the present research of isolation, identification and physicochemical parameters of two different marine water sample of Jamboranodai and Thondiyamkadu village from Thiruvarur district. The isolation of cyanobacteria like Arthrospira jenneri, Aphanocapsa koordersi, A. platensis, Gloeocapsa crepidium, G. gelatinosa, G. livida, G. punctata, G. samoensis, G. sanguine, Hyella caespitose, Oscillatoria acuminate, O. amoena, O. homogenea, O. laetevirens, O. minimus, O. pseudogeminata, O. schultzii, O. subbrevis, O. trichoides, Spirulina laxissima, S. meneghiniana and S. subtilissima were recorded from two different places in Thiruvarur district and identified on the basis of characters was also observed. Among the two different places, the Jamboranodai village has maximum number of colonies (119) and Thondiyamkadu village has minimum at (75) were recorded. The water physicochemical properties such as temperature, pH, organic carbon, organic matter, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD, salinity, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese and sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium. The maximum parameters in Thondiyamkadu village were (34˚C), (8.0pH), (0.74%), (0.82%), (288.26mg/kg), (47.61mg/kg), (318.17mg/kg), (0.89ppm), (0.70ppm), (6.75ppm), (3.43ppm), (3.1ml/L), (3.5ml/L), (1.9ml/L), (34%), (1.86ppm), (1.71ppm), (1.83ppm) and (0.97ppm) when compared to Jamboranodai village was recorded. The Shannon (H) and Simpson (D) diversity indexes were calculated respectively. Cyanobacteria are important for optimizing the growth of many plants when used as biofertilizers.

Abirami S*1, Muruganandam A1, Ambikapathy V2, Prakash P3 and Kanmani A3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Mar-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 447–452

Savaner Varsha*1 and Joshi Naveen2

1-2 Institute of Biotechnology, ISR, IPS Academy, Indore - 452 012, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Azolla is as fastest growing aquatic fern widely found in stagnant water bodies and have lots of research and economical value due to its symbiotic association with cyanobacteria. The purpose of this research was to observe the effect LEDs red, blue and white light as control on growth rate, antioxidant capacity and symbiotic association of Azolla caroliniana. Under the experiment light intensity was standardized with 58 µmol m−2 s−1. The results showed that red light shows the highest effect on growth rate of fern. The antioxidant activity was measured by the radical scavenging test (DPPH), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APx) and Superoxidase dismutase (SOD). DPPH and Ascorbate Peroxidase (APx) showed the highest activity under the red-light treatment therefore utilized in pharmacological application. Apart, the research was also carried out to study the effect of light on symbiotic association and ultrastructure of fern. Based on confocal Imaging analysis data, it is revealed that exposure to red and blue light stimulates the formation of pectin projections or teat cells. The possible role of the projections in the symbiotic relationship between Anabaena azollae provide additional evidence for providing defense role. The present result suggests that among all the light treatment, red light was most beneficial for growth and antioxidant capacity of fern.

Savaner Varsha*1 and Joshi Naveen2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 453–460

R. M. Channaveer*1, S. Lingamurthy2, R. Manish3 and G. Lakshmana4

1,4 Department of Social Work, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi - 585 367, Karnataka, India 2-3 Department of Economics, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi - 585 367. Karnataka, India

Abstract

Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) are the institutional progeny of cooperative institutions. Emerging small and marginal landholdings encountered unique and complex problems and experienced intricacies in the existing support system, which the cooperatives could not address effectively. Thus, the FPOs emerged as a needed new institutional model to understand and remedy the issues of the farmers and agriculture system as a whole. India, China, Africa, and Europe have taken a lead role in promoting the FPOs for the welfare of farmers and the betterment of agriculture. Comprehensively, the studies on FPOs focus on various areas that are not properly researched and documented. Bibliometric analysis essentially caters to the needs of the researchers in identifying the themes of the studies conducted on the FPOs. The present study has selected 70 research papers on the FPOs and adopted bibliometric tools i.e. co-word, network, cluster, and thematic analysis. The study has identified the themes - smallholder, collective action, agricultural development, agricultural worker, commodity market, and supply chain management. The clusters that the studies are grouped are – smallholder, income, agricultural land, food supply, and livelihood. The themes and clusters identified from the studies indicate the evidence for future research and intervention.

R. M. Channaveer*1, S. Lingamurthy2, R. Manish3 and G. Lakshmana4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 461–465

R. Priya*1 and K. A. Jeyanthi2

1-2 Department of Biotechnology, Thanthai Hans Roever College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Perambalur - 621 220, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes is a harmful aquatic weed found in India and around the world. It is an oceanic macrophyte and also has a rich source of bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties. Eichhornia crassipes was found to possess in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties in extracts based on different solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, methanol, and aqueous). DPPH, FRAP, SOD, H2O2, hydroxyl and ABTS radical scavenging assay showed high incidence of scavenging properties of reactive oxygen species. E. crassipes leaf extracts showed a significant antibacterial activity against the selected bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes by using the agar well diffusion method. The results specified that the leaf extracts of E. crassipes have prospective activity as bacteriocidial agent and could be used in future for biomedical applications studies.

R. Priya*1 and K. A. Jeyanthi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 466–471

Aswini Moorthy1 and Sudha Govindan*2

1-2 Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioscience, Periyar University, Salem - 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

In this study, crude polysaccharide extracted from Hypsizygus ulmarius (HUCP) by hot water extraction method at 55˚C and subsequently precipitated with cold ethanol. And then, deproteinized, dialysed, lyophilized. The antioxidant activities of HUCP were evaluated by established in vitro systems, including scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, hydroxyl radicals, reducing power and ferrous ion chelating ability. HUCP structure characterized by FTIR, UV spectral analysis, X-ray diffraction and conformation analysis by congored analysis. Physiochemical properties of HUCP were evaluated. The moisture, pH, carbohydrate, protein, uronic acid, reducing sugar and sulfate content of HUCP were 77.33%, 7.00%, 6.4%, 5.30% and 5.77%, respectively. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). HUCP had moderate antioxidant potential (51.55% DPPH radical scavenging, 51.73% Fe2+ chelation and 0.544 reducing power at 20 mg/ml, 62.33% hydroxyl radical scavenging activity at 10 mg/ml). HUCP can be used an antioxidant supplement in the pharmaceutical and food sectors.

Aswini Moorthy1 and Sudha Govindan*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 472–479

Divya Parmar1 and Meenakshi*2

1-2 Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Dolomite powder is a rich source of Ca and Mg, which are secondary plant nutrients. The XRF analysis of dolomite powder showed the presence of many micro and ultra micro plant nutrients in it. Therefore, it can be very useful for increasing the fertility of soil. Tomato is a Ca and Mg deficient plant and dolomite application can fulfil the nutritional needs of tomato. In this paper, two types of experiments: control (simple soil) and control with dolomite powder in different concentrations (x, 2x, 3x, 4x, and 5x, x = 3%) were performed on the growth and yield of tomato plants. It was found that among all the treatments, 2x showed the highest vegetative growth and crop yield with increased biomass.

Divya Parmar1 and Meenakshi*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 480–486

Javid Majeed Pandith*1 and Md Naushadul Haque Mullick2

1-2 Department of Management Studies, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi - 110 025

Abstract

India is the fifth largest producer of apples in the world and Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir contributes about seventy five percent of total production. The area under apple production has been increasing but productivity has been stagnant or decreasing. Govt of erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir introduced high density apple plantation in 2015 This Study seeks to discover to which extent high-density apple plantation is adopted among the apple growers. Multiple stage sampling was used to collect data. A hybrid model of PNTC and AUTAUT was adopted and SPSS 26 and AMOS 21 were used for analysis of the collected data. The study establishes that need characteristics and technology characteristics can be considered as important factors for perceived need technology characteristics of farmers adopting HDAP technologies along with extended AUTAUT, it was found perceived benefits and facilitating condition has positive and significant impact on farmers intention to adopt HDAP technology, while as social influence and perceived risk doesn’t influence farmers intention to adopt HDAP technologies in Kashmir. It is also recommended that factors like cost, subsidy, bank credit can be added as new factors in future works.

Javid Majeed Pandith*1 and Md Naushadul Haque Mullick2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 487–492

Swati Rajput1, Kavita Arora1, Rashmi Rani Anand2 and Sanjeev Kumar3

1,3 Department of Geography, Shaheed Bhagat Singh College, University of Delhi, Sheikh Sarai II, Delhi - 110 017 2 Centre for African Studies, Jawaharal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road, JNU Ring Road, New Delhi - 110 067

Abstract

The escalating demographic pressure has multiplied the demand for agricultural commodities manifold. The changing environmental scenario and altered climatic conditions have affected agricultural production to a greater extent across the globe. Likewise, the availability of nutrition becomes a great challenge for humanity, - Rajasthan in India, is one such State that faces food and nutrition challenges. The present study focuses on the issue of food scarcity, agricultural production, and nutritional demand in the study area. The objectives of the study include analyzing the crop concentration and nutritional availability and human health in the study area. The crop production has been analyzed in the light of crop concentration index for various crops like pearl millet, jowar, maize, and wheat while nutritional demand has been analyzed in the light of food consumption or utilization. The parameters like underweight conditions and anemic conditions have been analyzed for children and adults (both men and women). The crop concentration index (CCI) has been calculated for mainly food grains jawar, bajra, wheat, and maize in order to understand the crop concentration scenario in the state of Rajasthan. The CCI was coupled with a correlation matrix and regression analysis model in order to analyze the impact of crop concentration on the health of people in the study area. The findings of the study show that though the nutritive value of crops like maize and jowar was high it resulted in iron deficiency among the people of the study area. In addition to this, women are more anemic as compared to their male counterparts in the study area. Similarly, maize and jowar dominant resulted in underweight conditions among the children in the study area. The study concludes with proper suggestions in order to bring agriculture on the lines of sustainability and to find alternative solutions to meet the iron deficiency in the study area. Lastly, the study also makes an appeal to agricultural experts, social scientists, health experts, and nutritionists to highlight such issues for the betterment and welfare of our country.

Swati Rajput1, Kavita Arora1, Rashmi Rani Anand2 and Sanjeev Kumar3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 493–498

A. Abdul Faruk*1 and S. Balasaraswathi2

1 Department of Sericulture, Regional Sericultural Research Station, Vaikal Pattarai, Mannarpalayam Pirivu, Salem - 636 003, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Sericulture, Central Sericulture Training and Research Institute, (Under the Control of Central Silk Board, Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India), Mysore - 570 008, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Sericulture (rearing to bombyx mori) in India is proven to be an ideal avocation for the development of the rural population, especially the weaker section of the society, addressing equity distribution from urban rich to poor. It encompasses an eco-friendly production process and creates more employment opportunities for tribes and women. Sericulture has low investment and high returns. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic condition of trained and untrained sericulture farmers in the study region. This study was conducted with 150 trained farmers and 150 untrained farmers. Trained farmers underwent five days of training at the Sericulture Training Institute, Hosur. The parameters analyzed for trained and untrained farmers were age, family size, land holding size, years of experience in sericulture activity, educational status, social participation, extension activities participated, mass media exposure, and income levels. Finally, the study concludes that training the farmers exposes them more to the mass media and increases their ability to generate more income. Thus, periodical training programs are mandatory farmers for to excel in sericulture and its related activities. Culture and its related activities.

A. Abdul Faruk*1 and S. Balasaraswathi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 499–505

Golam Ahsan Waresh1 and Melisha Khatun*2

1 Department of Economics, City College of Commerce and Business Administration, Kolkata - 700 012, West Bengal, India 2 Department of Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Aliah University, Kolkata - 700 160, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Indebtedness is one of the most important causes of farmers’ distress in West Bengal. It also increases the burden of non-performing assets in financial institutions and leads to a serious problem of credit allocation. Lending operations entail a certain level of risk due to asymmetric information. The asymmetric information creates moral hazard problems in the agricultural credit market. The aim of the research work is to find out the responsible factors that can influence the repayment performance of the farmers and identify the moral hazard problem in some selected rural areas of the North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal. The logistic regression method was applied to over 300 borrower farmers in the selected study area to assess their repayment performance and identify moral hazard issues. The research identifies that moral hazard problems among farmers lead to credit repayment issues and adverse credit discipline. Diversification of credit for unproductive activities and the expectation of loan waiver scheme would be the main reasons for the moral hazard problem. Proper monitoring by the officials of the financial institutions for productive utilization of credit, along with an assessment of risk management, are the preconditions of good lending activities.

Golam Ahsan Waresh1 and Melisha Khatun*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 506–511

Antony Adaikalam A*1 and M. Arumugam2

1-2 J. J. College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), J. J. Nagar, Sivapuram, Pudukkottai - 622422, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance poses a serious global public health threat, necessitating the discovery of new antimicrobial agents. This study explores the antibacterial potential of Corymbia ptychocarpa, an ethnomedicinal Australian plant used in traditional medicine but not scientifically investigated. Phytochemical screening of leaf and stem extracts revealed a diversity of bioactive compounds like flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids with known antimicrobial properties. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified major antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer candidates in the leaf (ethyl acridine) and stem (indolizine). The extracts were tested against ESKAPE pathogens using disk diffusion assays. Both leaf and stem extracts exhibited promising antibacterial activity, with inhibition zone diameters ranging 2-7 mm compared to antibiotic controls. Leaf extracts showed broad spectrum inhibitory activity, especially against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium. Stem extracts were most potent against E. coli and E. faecalis. The observed antibacterial effects validate the traditional use of C. ptychocarpa and reveals its potential for new antibiotic drug discovery.

Antony Adaikalam A*1 and M. Arumugam2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 512–516

Amutha K*1 and Sagaya Giri R2

1-2 Department of Botany, Kunthavai Naachiyaar Government Arts College for Women (A), (Affiliation to Bharathidasan University, Trichy), Thanjavur - 613 007, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Natural dyes have, therefore, always played a significant role in human life. Although indigenous knowledge system has been practiced over the years in the past, the use of natural dyes has diminished over generations due to lack of documentation. Tectona grandis L., belongs to the family Lamiaceae is an important dye yielding plant in ancient times. Teak leaves can also aid in the treatment of inflammations, leprosy, skin diseases and indolent ulcers. Dyes are important in human life because they are both safe and environmentally friendly. The term macroscopic refers to substances that can be seen with the naked eye, whereas the term microscopic refers to substances that cannot be seen without the use of a magnifying device. It is possible to identify and localize biomolecules and organelles at the cellular level in various types of cells and tissues using histochemical techniques. Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that emits electromagnetic radiation. The results shows that the Tectona grandis leaves have dorsal and ventral surfaces that are 30-60cm long and 20-30cm wide. Teak leaf powder was treated with diluted ammonia and H2SO4 to produce a yellow colour, indicating the presence of flavonoids. A few drops of Fecl3 produced a black colour, indicating the presence of tannin. Blue, green or red coloration indicates the presence of polyphenol, while dinitrophenol hydrazine indicates the presence of terpenoids. Under both regular and UV light, the fluorescence behaviour of teak powder under various situations was investigated.

Amutha K*1 and Sagaya Giri R2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 517–524

S. Vanitha*1 and M. Selvi2

1-2 PG and Research Department of Botany, Sri Parasakthi College for Women (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli), Courtallam - 627 802, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The study of freshwater algae is really the study of organisms from many diverse habitats, some of which are not entirely “fresh.” Aquatic ecologists also use the term “inland” waters to encompass a greater range of aquatic ecosystems. Even this term may be unsatisfactory, because algae occupy many other habitats, such as snow, soils, cave walls, and symbiotic associations. Organisms grouped together in this volume as freshwater algae fall into a large, but ecologically meaningful collection of environments: all habitats that are at least slightly wet, other than oceans and estuaries. One reason for such a broad scope is that inland saline lakes, snow and ice, damp soils, and wetlands are studied by phycologists and ecologists who also examine more traditional freshwater environments. Some genera with terrestrial species, such as Vaucheria, Nostoc, Chlorella, and Prasiola, also have species found principally in streams or lakes. There are no exclusively freshwater divisions of algae, but certain groups exhibit greater abundance and diversity within fresh waters, especially Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, and Charophyta. Within the green algae, conjugating greens and desmids (Zygnematales) comprise a very rich collection of species that almost exclusively occupy fresh water. Other groups, such as the diatoms and chrysophytes, are well represented in both spheres. Other groups, particularly the Phaeophyta, Pyrrophyta and Rhodophyta exhibit greater diversity in marine waters. The present study revealed as, Chlorophyta and cyanophyta were the dominant groups.

S. Vanitha*1 and M. Selvi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 525–530

Kavitha R*1, Haripriya B2, Femila Anugraga V3, Janani K4, Amala Ovia A5 and Janani P6

1-6 PG & Research Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The need for food production is being driven by the world's expanding population. Meanwhile, conventional farming, which relies on soil-based methods, is unable to meet the world's growing food needs. Thus, developing novel planting and farming techniques is essential to averting further food crises. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hydroponics system, which is an effective alternative planting method. The growth, morphological, and biochemical characteristics of Triticum aestivum and Trigonella foenum-graecum were evaluated and compared between soil and hydroponic systems. It was noted that wheatgrass and fenugreek cultivated hydroponically have longer roots than plants grown on soil. In comparison to plants grown in soil, it is also shown improved growth in terms of plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, and leaf area. It was discovered that plants grown in soil had higher levels of total chlorophyll than plants cultivated in hydroponic systems. The soil-grown plants exhibited a significantly higher total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in comparison to their hydroponic counterparts. The hydroponic system presents growers and customers with a plethora of new options and chances to produce crops of superior quality. Hydroponics is a viable alternative method for growing leafy vegetable seedlings.

Kavitha R*1, Haripriya B2, Femila Anugraga V3, Janani K4, Amala Ovia A5 and Janani P6 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 531–538

Kiran Kumara D*1, M. N. Anil Kumar1, Sandya B. Raju1 and Chethan B. K.2

1 Laboratory of Silkworm Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Zoology, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangotri, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The silkworm Bombyx mori L. is a lepidopteran insect used as laboratory tool for various experiments. Being a domesticated insect it has been reared mainly for the production of silk. The successful production of the silk not only governed by dynamic environmental factors but also affected by quality of mulberry leaf provided to silkworm. Hence, dietary nutrients are the most important factor which determine quality and quantity of silk production. An experiment was carried out to know the impact of mulberry leaf fortified with amla juice at varied concentrations viz., 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% on protein and carbohydrate contents as well as commercial parameters in the FC1 silkworm hybrid. The larvae reared on amla at 0.2% concentration registered higher protein and carbohydrate contents in the fat body and midgut tissue over absolute and distilled water control. However, carbohydrate and protein contents were relatively higher in the fat body when compared to midgut tissue in all the treatments. A similar trend was also observed at 0.2% concentration for commercial parameters such as larval weight, cocoon weight, shell weight, pupal weight, shell ratio, filament length, filament weight, denier, renditta and raw silk percentage.

Kiran Kumara D*1, M. N. Anil Kumar1, Sandya B. Raju1 and Chethan B. K.2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 539–544

Jinendra Birla*1 and Santosh Pandey2

1-2 Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi - 284 128, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The impact of seed hydropriming, plant geometry and integrated nutrient management treatments on soil fertility and protein content and yield green gram crop was studied in field trials. Seed hydropriming resulted significant increase in grain yield of mung bean by 54.71% over untreated seeds. Plant spacing of 30x10 cm (treatment G1) witnessed 138.272% increased yield of 995.70 kg/ha over the treatment G2 (30 x 20 cm) yielding 417.88 kg/ha. The treatment N2(FYM equivalent to RDF) produced minimum yield of 617.49 kg/ha which was enhanced by 7.89%, 12.61%, 22.09%, and 29.71% due to N1(20:40:20 kg NPK/ha (RDF), N3 (Vermicompost equivalent to RDF), N4 (½ RDF + FYM equivalent to ½ RDF) and N5 (½ RDF + Vermicompost equivalent to ½ RDF), respectively. Minimum stover production of 912.25 kg/ha as a result of treatment N2 (FYM equivalent to RDF) was increased by 2.38%, 4.40%, 5.11%, and 6.43% due to treatments N3, N1, N4 and N5. Significantly more depletion of available N, P and K from soil was observed due to the treatment P2 (seed hydropriming) compared to P1 (untreated seeds). The plant geometry treatment G2 (30 × 20 cm) removed significantly more amount of available nutrients than G1 (30 × 10 cm) which caused more residual nutrients in soil at harvesting time. The removal of nitrogen was significantly more due to nutrient treatments of N5 > N4 > N1 > N3 > N2. The residual amount of available P and K in soil was due to treatments N3 > N2 > N1 > N4 > N5, indicating significantly more depletion of P and exchangeable K due to treatments of N5 > N4 > N1 > N2 > N3, respectively. The residual amount of nutrients had direct inverse relationship with the total production of grain and biomass of crop. Significantly high crude protein of 20.97% and protein yield of 180.84 kg/ha, respectively was due to treatment of P2 (seed hydropriming) compared to treatment P1 (untreated seeds). The treatment P1 recorded 20.33% protein in mung bean grains and protein yield of 113.21 kg/ha, respectively. The enhancement of protein content and protein yield due to seed hydropriming was 3.14% and 59.73%, respectively over untreated seeds. Significantly high protein (20.82%) and protein yield (208.19 kg/ha), respectively was due to treatment G1 and increase was 1.66% and 142.50%, respectively over the treatment G2. Nutrient management of N5 (½ RDF + Vermicompost equivalent to ½ RDF) led to significantly high of 20.81% protein and protein yield of 167.84 kg/ha, respectively. Next in order was the treatment N4 (½ RDF + FYM equivalent to ½ RDF) resulted 20.74% crude protein and protein yield of 157.38 kg/ha, being on par with N5. Results lead to conclude that seed hydropriming, 30 x 10 cm plant geometry and combined application of N5 (½ RDF + Vermicompost equivalent to ½ RDF) followed by N4 (½ RDF + FYM equivalent to ½ RDF) were assessed to enhance productivity of crop, quality of soil, protein per cent in seeds and protein yield significantly.

Jinendra Birla*1 and Santosh Pandey2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 545–548

Mir Shabir Ahmad1, Z. A. Badri*2, S. A. Ganie3, S. A. Ganai4, B. A. Zarger5 and B. A. Pandit6

1-6 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir), Shopian - 192 303, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract

An On Farm Trial was laid by KVK Shopian in collaboration with Division of Livestock Production Management, under Department of Bio Technology (India) funded project to workout feasibility and economic viability of integration of back yard poultry in apple orchards under the tag of Horti-Poultry Model. The average cost of production for High Density Apple orchard of 3 kannals is 4.5 Lakh. The net return in terms of Apple is 7.0 lakh. The Benefit cost ratio is 1.5:1. Adding Vanraja birds into the apple orchard of 3 kannals, the net returns from 150 birds had added Rs 1.43 lakh. The Benefit cost ratio had increased up to 1.8:1. The growth of plant trees was normal with zero percent mortality of trees and the yield percentage of the crop (apple) was increased by integration with Vanraja birds. The plant health parameters like leaf health were found normal without scab. The fruit setting and fruit health was also without any abnormality and disease. However, in later stages, it was observed that lower fruits were eaten by birds, so we can recommend that clonal apple trees should be pruned and trimmed so that branching starts above three feet. The density of birds in apple orchards was also observed to be a main factor for controlling the birds in damaging the trees, which should always be below 50 birds per kanal. It was observed that if only 50% of apple orchard area of district Shopian is brought under this IFS system, there would be 92 Crores flow of revenue in Shopian district only as there is around 21777 hectares of apple orchards.

Mir Shabir Ahmad1, Z. A. Badri*2, S. A. Ganie3, S. A. Ganai4, B. A. Zarger5 and B. A. Pandit6 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 549–554

Lairenmayum Surajkumar Singh1, Saikhom Suma2 and Wangkhem Chaoton Meetei*3

1 Department of Zoology, Kha Manipur College, Kakching - 795 103, Manipur, India 2-3 Department of Environmental Science, D. M. College of Science, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal - 795 001, Manipur, India

Abstract

Documentation of fish biodiversity of the river will be one essential step towards making strategic planning for conservation and management of the river ecosystem as well as its fisheries resources. With this view, the present investigation was carried out in order to assess the ichthyofaunal diversity of Nambol River, one of the feeder river of Loktak Lake, a Ramsar Site in Manipur, North-East India. Live fishes were collected for three seasons viz. pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon during 2023 by selecting four sites from the whole stretch of the Nambol River, Manipur. The collected fishes were preserved in the laboratory and were identified by following the methods of Jayaram (1999) and Vishwanath (2002). A total of 36 different fish species belonging to 8 orders, and14 families were found and identified during the study period. The percent composition of family Cyprinidae was found to be highest followed by Nemacheilidae and Channidae.

Lairenmayum Surajkumar Singh1, Saikhom Suma2 and Wangkhem Chaoton Meetei*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 555–562

Linya Nirin1, Kaushal Kumar Jha*2, Saurabh Sharma3 and Bidyapati Thangjam4

1-4 Department of Agricultural Extension Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Medziphema Campus - 797 106, Nagaland, India

Abstract

In this in-depth examination of mandarin cultivation in the upper Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh, key demographic, educational, and experiential factors impacting growers are elucidated. The study encompassing data from a diverse respondent pool, reveals a predominant middle-aged group (70.00%) between 37.2-56 years. Educational patterns underscore that 33.33% completed high school, 30.00% reached higher secondary levels, while only5% graduated. The majority of respondents (44.17%) owned 0.5-1.5 ha of land and 78.33% exhibited medium level of information source utilization. Survey results expose a wealth of experiential data with 66.67% of respondents having 13-27 years of mandarin cultivation experience. Training needs analysis discloses 83.33% with medium-level demands, and knowledge levels unveil 81.67% possessing a medium overall knowledge of improved mandarin cultivation methods. Factor analysis reveals innovativeness (84.17%), achievement motivation (89.17%), risk-taking ability (88.33%) and management (100%) and production orientation (98.33%). Marketing orientation is reported by 92.5%. An entrepreneurial behavior index of 48.86 emphasizes the medium level. 82.50% of respondents exhibited a medium level of technology adoption influenced by factors like area under Mandarin, income, family type, and training exposure. Constraint analysis revealed severe challenges in critical inputs (66.67%), unavailability of healthy seed saplings (50%), lack of skilled labour (58.33%), credit facility (75%), proper information (54.17%), technical knowledge (58.33%), training programs (54.17%), supply of electricity (58.33%), and of lack of regular visits by agricultural personnel (41.67%). In nutshell this study is a combination of rich demographic, educational, experiential, and constraint-related data, offering a nuanced perspective on the dynamics of Mandarin cultivation in the region. The findings serve as a tangible foundation for informed policy interventions and targeted support mechanisms.

Linya Nirin1, Kaushal Kumar Jha*2, Saurabh Sharma3 and Bidyapati Thangjam4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 563–570

T. K. Bindu1, Vinod P. Raphael*2, K. S. Shaju3 and Sherry Sebastian4

1-2, 4 Department of Chemistry, Government Engineering College, Thrissur - 680 009, Kerala, India 3 Department of Chemistry, Panampilly Memorial Government College, Thrissur - 680 722, Kerala, India

Abstract

Pharmaceutical researchers are continually exploring potent compounds that could lead to the discovery of effective treatments against pathogens. Scientists maintain an unwavering interest in identifying effective molecules from the vast array of phytochemicals. In this study, we prepared hexane and acetone extracts from the medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata. These extracts were screened against the pathogens E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. Interestingly, the hexane extract exhibited no activity against the pathogens, while the acetone extract demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the growth of all three pathogens. To identify the specific phytochemicals, present in the extract, we conducted GC-MS analysis. Among the compounds identified, three stood out due to their favorable ADME properties and bioavailability: alpha-bisabolene epoxide, alpha-bulnesene, and andrographolide. Further investigations involved in silico studies on selected structural proteins of microbes with these drug-like molecules. These studies revealed that andrographolide, a diterpene lactone, exhibited high binding affinity on the structural receptors of pathogens. Additionally, computational methods were employed to identify the most likely receptor involved in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.

T. K. Bindu1, Vinod P. Raphael*2, K. S. Shaju3 and Sherry Sebastian4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 571–575

B. S. Ramesha1 and B. Sannappa*2

1-2 Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India

Abstract

An investigation has been undertaken to know the impact of seasons on the occurrence of various stages (eggs, nymphs and adults) of broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus at different fortnightly intervals on mulberry. Further, population of broad mite was correlated with weather parameters namely minimum temperature, maximum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. The occurrence of broad mite persists throughout the year on mulberry with variation in their population. However, different stages of broad mite namely eggs, nymphs and adults were more during summer (March to June) followed by winter (November to February) and rainy (July to October) seasons. The weather parameters namely maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall showed marginal positive relationship with the population of broad mite in different seasons. On the other hand, fecundity showed negligible negative correlation with maximum temperature, minimum temperature and relative humidity, while it was positive negligible correlation with rainfall. The nymphal stage showed slight negative correlation with all the weather parameters. However, adult population exhibited moderately negative relationship with maximum temperature and relative humidity, while it showed lower positive correlation with minimum temperature and rainfall.

B. S. Ramesha1 and B. Sannappa*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 576–580

G. Rahamathulla1 and B. Sannappa*2

1-2 Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India

Abstract

An investigation was carried out in Mandya district of Karnataka, India, to know the status of knowledge among the silkworm rearers in management of the Uzi fly, Exorista bombycis [Louis], a serious endo-parasitoid of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The knowledge level of silkworm rearers in respect of management of Uzi fly has been classified into full, partial and no knowledge among three categories of farmers [small, medium and big] based on their size of mulberry land holding. The silkworm rearers were assessed for their knowledge on exclusion, physical, chemical, biological and post-spinning activities. In exclusion method, full knowledge was noticed in practices such as using an ante room [44%] and manual killing of Uzi fly [100%], while partial knowledge was observed in individual tray cover with nylon net [61%] and provide doors with automatic closing mechanism [45%]. Regarding physical method, full knowledge was evident in Uzi trap [61%] and light cum sticky trap [39%], partial knowledge was observed in kerosene water trap [59%] and lack of knowledge in food bait trap [70%] and levigated China clay [65%]. In chemical method, majority of the silkworm rearers possess full knowledge on quantity of chemicals [51%], partial knowledge on the use of Uzicide [41%] and Uzi powder [50%] and no knowledge regarding the use of bleaching powder solution [38%]. In biological method, large group of silkworm rearers possess full knowledge on releasing Uzi parasitoids like Nesolynx thymus [40%], but there was no knowledge on the quantity of Uzi parasitoids release [44%]. In respect of post-spinning activities, all the silkworm rearers knew how to dispose silkworm litter, partial knowledge in destroying Uzi maggots/pupae [40%] and disposing of Uzi-infested cocoons [44%].

G. Rahamathulla1 and B. Sannappa*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 581–584

Devendra Kumar Singh*1-2, M. Anwar Mallick2 and Binay K. Singh1

1 ICAR – Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi - 834 003, Jharkhand, India 2 University Department of Biotechnology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh - 825 001, Jharkhand, India

Abstract

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), an economically valuable and nutritionally important fruit, contains various health-promoting ingredients that could supplement the nutritional needs of the world's rapidly growing population. Jackfruits are well-known for their varying fruit morphology, but little is known about their genetic and molecular basis. We identified 273,577 perfect SSRs using the jackfruit reference genome sequence. Out of 273,577 SSRs, 19,934 were genic, whereas 253,643 were non-genic. Annotation of the SSR-containing genes revealed that 10,445 and 9,489 SSRs were present in the annotated and non-annotated gene sequences. Out of 10,445 SSRs in annotated gene sequences, 683 were present in fruit-trait-related genes. The fruit-trait-related genic-SSRs identified in the present study may serve as functional markers for specific fruit-related traits.

Devendra Kumar Singh*1-2, M. Anwar Mallick2 and Binay K. Singh1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 585–588

Arun R. Gulave*1

1 Department of Zoology, Hon. Balasaheb Jadhav Arts, Commerce and Science College Ale, Tal- Junnar, District Pune - 412 411, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The freshwater bivalve molluscs, Indonaia caeruleus (75-78 mm shell length) were collected from banks of Kukadi River at Yedgaon during summer, monsoon and winter seasons for the study of histological changes in the digestive tubules. The histological study showed that, ducts and tubules of digestive gland grouped in the form of small lobules, separated by inter lobular connective tissues. The tubule consists of digestive cells and secretary cells. The primary tubules in the Indonaia caeruleus showed synchronized pattern of different phases such as fragmentation of spherules, holding phase and absorption phase, according to changes in water level over the animal bed, rainfall, oxygen contents and probable changes in the detritus matter (i.e. food availability) on the habitat. Tubule consists of two types of cells (a) digestive cells and (b) secretary cells. Amoebocytes are found scattered in the interlobular connective tissues. The diameter of primary digestive tubules was found maximum during monsoon while it was found minimum during summer and winter seasons. During monsoon tubules were in fragmentation spherules phase. The tubules progressed in holding and absorption phases from late monsoon to winter season. The absorption phase in the tubules was found dominant during winter which probably indicated less availability of food. The results of the study are discussed in the light of effect of environmental parameters over the habitat.

Arun R. Gulave*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 589–593

Neethu G. Raj*1, T. Santhosh Kumar1, N. R. Narayana2 and V. Vijayasree1

1 Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani - 695 522, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 2 Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani - 695 522, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of developed formulations of andrographolide (Formulation A and Formulation B) against cowpea aphids, Aphis craccivora and predatory coccinellids, Coccinella transversalis on cowpea during 2022- 2023 at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani. All concentrations (3, 5 and 7%) of both formulations A and B demonstrated minimal aphid populations, comparable to the chemical checks (thiamethoxam 25 WG and chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC). Following the second spray, thiamethoxam 25 WG (90.44%) and chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (87.73%) exhibited the highest efficacy, followed by 7% concentration of both formulations A (86.97%) and B (85.87%). Additionally, both formulations A and B were found to be safer for predatory coccinellids, C. transversalis, compared to chemical checks, demonstrating their potential as environmentally friendly alternatives in pest management.

Neethu G. Raj*1, T. Santhosh Kumar1, N. R. Narayana2 and V. Vijayasree1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 594–600

Amanulla Khan*1, Firoj Shaikh1, Rahim A. Bagwan1 and Javid Khan2

1 Department of Botany, Anjuman Islam Janjira Degree College of Science, Murud Janjira - 402 401, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Zoology, Anjuman Islam Janjira Degree College of Science, Murud Janjira - 402 401, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The current study investigates insect visitor diversity and their roles in plant-pollinator interactions in the Murud area, aiming to enhance fertilization and agricultural productivity. Identifying 37 insect species across three orders and nine families, with Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera showing the highest diversity, underscores their vital role as pollinators. Additionally, 18 plant species, attracting a variety of pollinators like butterflies, bees, flies, beetles, hoverflies, and bumblebees, contribute to ecosystem biodiversity and support robust pollinator populations. The interplay between plants and insects, exemplified by species like Crinum asiaticum and Rosa indica, emphasizes the complexity of ecosystem dynamics and underscores the importance of maintaining diverse plant communities for sustaining healthy pollinator populations. Increased awareness among farmers about pollination mechanisms could lead to enhanced crop yields, strengthening the economy.

Amanulla Khan*1, Firoj Shaikh1, Rahim A. Bagwan1 and Javid Khan2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 2 ; 601–604

Usha C*1, Nandini N2 and Jai Kumar B3

1-2 Department of Environmental Science, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru - 560 056, Karnataka, India 3 Department of Electronics Science, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bengaluru - 560 056, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized through biological methods have attracted a lot of attention due to their eco-friendly nature and potential applications in various fields. This paper comprehensively characterizes biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles using wet biofriendly synthesis. The bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Visible-NIR Spectrophotometry. The SEM-EDS analysis confirms the morphological and elemental composition of the nanoparticles, while FTIR reveals the functional groups involved in their stabilization. While UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy provides insights into their optical properties. The combination of these techniques offers valuable information about the structural, chemical, and optical characteristics of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles, facilitating their potential applications in catalysis, sensors, water treatment, and biomedical fields.

Usha C*1, Nandini N2 and Jai Kumar B3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Apr-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

An International Journal

P- ISSN: 0976-1675

E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)

Volume- 15 - March-April 2024

Assessment of Honey Quality with a Special Emphasis on Health Risks in Haryana, India

Namrata1 and Arup Giri*2

1-2 Department of Zoology, Baba Mastnath University, Asthal Bohar, Rohtak - 124 001, Haryana, India

Abstract

Phyto-remediation of Lead (Pb) Assisted with EDTA by Using Amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus L.) in Contaminated Soil

Adarsh Bhushan*1, Dinesh Mani2 and Pravesh Kumar3

1-3 Sheila Dhar Institute of Soil Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Inducing Resistance to Thiophanate Methyl in Penicillium expansum through Mutagenesis

Ramesh Baviskar*1 and Laxman Rathod2

1 Department of Botany, ICLES’ Motilal Jhunjhunwala College, Vashi, Navi Mumbai - 400 703, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, Mahatma Phule Arts, Science and Commerce College, Panvel - 410 206, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Effect of Captafol Seed Treatment on Seed Mycoflora, Seed Germination, and Vigour Index of Groundnut (Cv. TLG-45)

Laxman Rathod*1 and Ramesh Baviskar2

1 Department of Botany, Mahatma Phule Arts, Science and Commerce College, Panvel - 410 206, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, ICLES’ Motilal Jhunjhunwala College, Vashi, Navi Mumbai - 400 703, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Captive Culture of Boeseman's Rainbowfish (Melanotaenia boesemani): First Approach in Indian Perspective

Sandipan Gupta*1 and Soham Roy2

1-2 Department of Fishery Science, Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College, Kolkata - 700 108, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Bio Ethanol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse Agriculture Waste using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its Quantification by GC-MS

B. Ramalingappa1, H. M. Siddesh2 and G. L. Aruna*3

1-2 Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Davangere University, Davangere - 577 002, Karnataka, India 3 Post-Graduate Department of Microbiology, Maharani’s Science College for Women (Autonomous), Mysore - 570 005, Karnataka, India

Abstract

A Study on Molecular Identification of Bacteria from Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br. Ex Sims. and its Secondary Metabolites

Muthuraja K1, Saravanan P2 and Anand D*3

1-3 Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai - 600 005, Tamil Nadu), Mylapore, Chennai - 600 004, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Isolation and Identification of Agricultural Potential Microorganism from Jalgaon, Maharashtra (India)

Kishore Janardhan Patil*1

1 Nilanjan Life Solutions, Jalgaon - 425 001, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Changing Crop Pattern in Western Agroclimatic Zone (South Western Parts) of Haryana Using Geospatial Techniques

Kapil Panwar1, Anurag Airon2, Randhir Kaswan*3 and Kiran Bala Bishnoi4

1-4 Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India

Abstract

Spatial Mapping of Foot and Mouth Disease Serotypes in Karnataka using Geographical information System (GIS)

Veena R*1, Raveendra Hegde2, Chetan H. C1, S. N. Megeri3 and Mohammed Mudassar Chanda4

Abstract

Design of Novel Machine Learning Model for Leaf Disease Detection Using Deep Learning Technique

Sukhwinder Kaur*1 and Saurabh Sharma2

1-2 Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Jalandhar - 144 030, Punjab, India

Abstract

Bioremediation of Heavy Metals (Pb and Hg) from Contaminated Sites by Potential Micro-organisms

Sarika Satish Kulkarni*1, Anil Panditrao Narsinge2, Ranjana Shirish Chavan3 and Gajanan Vishnu Mali4

1-2 Yogeshwari Mahavidyalaya, Ambajogai, Beed - 431 517, Maharashtra, India 1, 3-4 UG and PG Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Yashwantrao Mohite College, Erandwane, Pune - 411 038, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Evaluating the Hydrogeochemical Properties of Groundwater for Irrigational Purposes: A Case Study

A. Arivazhagan*1 and M. Senthilkumar2

1-2 Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Effect of Potassium Salt Replacement on Physicochemical, Sensorial and Microbiological Properties of Mango Pickle

J. L. Jamdar*1, S. N. Patil2 and A. K. Sahoo1

1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur - 416 004, Maharashtra, India 2 School of Allied Health Sciences, Sanjay Ghodawat University, Kolhapur - 416 118, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Prevalence of Bioactive Compounds in Mycothermus thermophilus Indigenous Culture under Thermophilic Condition

Rekha Gupta*1 and Pragya Kulkarni2

1-2 Department of Microbiology, Government V. Y. T. P/G Autonomous College, Durg - 491 001, Chhattisgarh, India

Abstract

Distribution and Abundance of White grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Jalna, Maharashtra, India

M. A. Aute*1 and S. A. Saraf2

1-2 Department of Zoology, Government College of Arts and Science, Chhatrapati Sambahjinagar - 431 004, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Soil Quality Assessment at Padre Micro Watershed, Kasaragod Kerala Using Geomatics

Anupama Natesh*1 and Arun Kumar Bhat2

1-2 Department of Civil Engineering, N. M. A. M. Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala - 574 110, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Soil Health and Insects Harmonizing Soil and Plant Health in Agroecosystems of Sirumalai Hills, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu

M. Mohamed Thasneem1 and R. Krishnamoorthy*2

1-2 Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

An Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting Indian Agriculture Exports with SAARC Economies: A Gravity Model Approach

Md Kamrul Islam*1, Mudasir Rajab2 and Mashud Ahmed3

1 Department of Economics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar - 799 022, Tripura, India 2 Department of Economics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202 001, Uttar Pradesh, India 3 Khairun Nessa Begum Women’s College, Badarpur, Karimganj - 788 806, Assam, India