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P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.56

Volume - 16 - January-February 2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 01–04
Rehna Salim*1, Jyothi Bhaskar2, Vishnu Raju3 and Zahida P. M.1
1 Department of Fruit Science, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 2 Fruits Crops Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 3 Department of Forest Products and Utilization, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of six different rootstocks on the success of softwood grafting in abiu (Pouteria caimito), an exotic fruit crop. The different rootstocks used as treatments were Pouteria caimito (abiu), eggfruit (Pouteria campechiana), sapota (Manilkara sapota), khirni (Manilkara hexandra), star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito) and wild star apple (Chrysophyllum oliviforme). The results revealed that the scion growth parameters like number of leaves, number of branches and length of shoots of the resultant grafts was found to be maximum when abiu scion was grafted on abiu rootstock followed by sapota rootstock. Abiu rootstock exhibited the highest graft survival percentage (77.73%), followed by sapota (44.43%), while the other four rootstocks failed to survive till the end of experiment. To understand the anatomical basis of success of abiu on both abiu and sapota rootstocks, a histological study of the graft union was conducted for both abiu and sapota rootstocks. The study revealed well-developed vascular connections and strong callus formation in abiu rootstock, suggesting superior graft compatibility. Sapota rootstock also showed good union quality but was less efficient than abiu rootstock. Based on these results, abiu and sapota found to be suitable and compatible rootstock for softwood grafting in abiu.

Rehna Salim*1, Jyothi Bhaskar2, Vishnu Raju3 and Zahida P. M.1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Jan-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 05–09
Haseeb ur Rehman*1
1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kulgam (Pombay), P.O. Gopalpora, Kulgam - 192 233, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Abstract
Crop load management is becoming increasingly important as a factor related to continued yields, better quality, higher shelf life, and return bloom in apples, particularly under intensive planting systems. In recent years, apple orchardists across J&K (UT) have shifted to high-density apple orcharding predominated by Super Chief and Redlum Gala cultivars. However, these cultivars bear heavily as a result consistent yield and quality become prime issues in addition to orchard longevity. To standardize the crop management practice in the cultivars as mentioned above, an experiment was laid at the farmer's field comprising both chemical and non-chemical methods from 2021-22 and 2022-23. Trees were trained as tall spindle treated with uniform cultural practices as recommended in packages and practices of SKUAST-K. Results revealed that average yield/tree (kg) varied significantly in both Redlum Gala and Super Chief. In Redlum Gala, the highest yield was obtained in T3 (31.40 kg/plant) followed by 30.50 kg/tree in T8, and the lowest yield/tree (24.433) was obtained in T9. However, in Super Chief, the highest average yield/tree (30.50kg) was obtained by employing hand thinning @ 6 fruits/cm2 TCSA at 25-30 mm fruitlet stage (T7) while the lowest yield/tree (21.933kg) was obtained under no-thinning treatment (T9). Similarly, crop load management practices had a significant effect on the quality of both Redlum Gala and Super Chief. The highest quantity of Fancy Grade (3.53kg/tree), and A-grade (24.53 kg/tree) in Redlum Gala resulted in T3 and T8 respectively whereas, the least quantity of B-grade (1.57kg/tree), and C-grade (0.70 kg/tree) were obtained in T8 and T7 respectively. In Super Chief, yield/tree of Fancy grade and C-grade apples varied non-significantly among various treatments although better results in terms of fancy grade yields were obtained under T7 (3.73 kg/tree). Yields of A-grade apples varied significantly with maximum yield under T7 (24.133 kg/tree). Hand thinning @ 6 fruit/cm2 TCSA resulted in the least quantity of C-grade apples (1.0 kg/tree) in Super Chief cultivar. Pygmy fruit quantity varied non-significantly between T4, T5, and T7. In case of Redlum Gala, T7 was found most economical intervention in terms of BC ratio (2.21) followed by T1(2.20). Similarly, in the case of Super Chief cultivar, T7 was found as the best intervention in terms of B:C ratio (2.52). Significantly at par increase in the percentage of return bloom in Redlum Gala was observed under T8 (6.40%), T7 (6.13%), T1 (5.567%), and T5 (3.50%). The maximum decrease in return bloom in case of Redlum Gala cultivar was observed under T9 (-9.70%) followed by T6 (-5.23%). Different treatments resulted in significantly varied responses in terms of return bloom percentage in Super Chief. T7 resulted in the highest increase in return bloom (11.63%) however, no treatment resulted in a decrease in the percentage of return bloom except control (-15.30%).

Haseeb ur Rehman*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Jan-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 10–15
J. R. Shalini*1, G. S. Sreedaya2 and K. S. Amritha3
1, 3 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, College of Agriculture, Vellayani - 695 522, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 2 Training Service Scheme, Vellayani & ADE(SZ), Kerala Agricultural University, College of Agriculture, Vellayani - 695 522, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Abstract
Urban agriculture is emerging as an inevitable solution to address food security, sustainability, and community resilience in rapidly growing cities. However, the potential of community-based urban farming is often limited by challenges such as resource management, decision-making inefficiencies, and a lack of coordinated support systems. This article explores the transformative impact of data-driven decision support systems (DSS) on urban agriculture networks. These technologies enable local farmers to make well-informed decisions about crop selection, resource allocation, pest management, and yield optimization by combining sophisticated data analytics, real-time monitoring, and predictive modelling. We look at how data-driven strategies improve sustainability practices, increase operational efficiency, and promote cooperation in urban farming communities. We also show examples of how DSS has effectively facilitated resource sharing, community involvement, and scalability in urban agriculture projects. The paper concludes by showing how technology may fully realize the potential of urban agriculture, opening the door to more resilient, sustainable, and food-secure urban areas.

J. R. Shalini*1, G. S. Sreedaya2 and K. S. Amritha3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Jan-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 16-22
Nelamangala Lalithesh Niveditha*1, Devaki Girija1, Kulkarni Surendra Gopal1, Boby Vattekkattu Unnikrishnan1 and Reshmy Vijayaraghavan2
1 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 2 Department of Plant Pathology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India
Abstract
The management of soil-borne pathogens like Rhizoctonia solani is challenging due to their complex biology and limited availability of effective active ingredients. Eco-friendly methods, such as biological control, are essential for disease prevention and maintaining soil health. This study evaluated the antagonistic activity of actinobacteria for the management of collar rot and web blight in cowpea. Among 50 actinobacterial isolates, 12 produced ammonia, nine produced siderophores, and none produced HCN in vitro. Ten isolates exhibited antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani under dual culture method. Five actinobacterial consortia were tested in planta against Rhizoctonia solani in cowpea, with comparisons to KAU PGPR Mix-2 and Carbendazim (0.1%). Treatment with consortium 3 (CR-3 and S2-2) recorded significantly higher yield and lower incidence of collar rot, which also exhibited higher per cent inhibition of R. solani (63.7% and 70.3%) in vitro. Per cent Disease Index (PDI) of web blight was significantly lower (19.4%) in the same treatment and this was comparable to chemical control (Carbendazim). Identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the isolates CR-3 and S2-2 were closely related to Streptomyces pratensis and Streptomyces cinereus, respectively. These results suggest that actinobacteria could be exploited as a potential alternative to chemical pesticides.

Nelamangala Lalithesh Niveditha*1, Devaki Girija1, Kulkarni Surendra Gopal1, Boby Vattekkattu Unnikrishnan1 and Reshmy Vijayaraghavan2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Jan-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 23–28
Meghana Singh Rajotia*1, Dev Vart2, S. K. Pahuja3 and V. S. Mor4
1-3 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, CCS, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India 4 Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
Abstract
Pearl millet is an important staple food crop in India, but its flour is not properly utilized due to rancidity that develops during storage. The processing methods could be many, but they are not so effective. So, the best way to increase longevity in pearl millet flour is by identifying best suitable genotypes and developing hybrids. Knowledge of genetic variability, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, correlation and analysis of path of yield contributing traits is important for efficient planning of crop improvement programmes. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate 60 seed parents of pearl millet in a Randomized Block Design with two replications. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among genotypes for all the traits under investigation thereby indicating the existence of substantial genetic variation among genotypes for all the yield and its contributing traits. Vigour index exhibited high correlation coefficient, while comprehensive peroxide value on 10th day along with other traits had direct effects with respect to grain yield, in the desired direction indicated that these traits could be effective in crossing programmes to develop promising maintainer lines with longer shelf life.

Meghana Singh Rajotia*1, Dev Vart2, S. K. Pahuja3 and V. S. Mor4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Jan-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 29–33
Hima Mariya Dixon*1, Deepa James2, Reshmy Vijayaraghavan1, Gleena Mary C. F.1 and Aswini A2
1 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara - 680 656, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India 2 Cocoa Research Centre, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara - 680 656, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India
Abstract
Mango dieback caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a grave disease affecting the fruit quality and quantity. Numerous disease management options are available nowadays, with chemical control being the most efficient option while biopesticides present the most environment-friendly alternative in controlling various crop diseases. With this objective, chemical and biological control of Lasiodiplodia theobromae was assessed in the present study using the three most virulent isolates of the pathogen collected from three different mango varieties and three different districts of Kerala. The in vitro evaluation of fungicides revealed that the fungicides viz., hexaconazole, azoxystrobin, Bordeaux mixture and carbendazim + mancozeb showed 100 per cent inhibition of the virulent pathogen isolates, while difenoconazole had inhibition in the range of 96.10-100 per cent, copper hydroxide in the range 68.14-88.88 per cent and propineb in the range 33.88-79.25 per cent. Among the biocontrol agents, Trichoderma asperellum and plant growth promoting microorganisms caused inhibition in the range 41.88-51.33 per cent and 14.82-48.66 per cent respectively against three virulent isolates of the pathogen while Pseudomonas fluorescens had zero per cent inhibition.

Hima Mariya Dixon*1, Deepa James2, Reshmy Vijayaraghavan1, Gleena Mary C. F.1 and Aswini A2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Jan-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 34–40
Parvat Singh*1
1 Department of Economics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow - 226 007, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
The present study has examined the growth and instability of the area, production, and wheat yield in the Bundelkhand region in Uttar Pradesh during 2000-2023. The study employed secondary time series data compiled from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of India. The results indicate that the growth rate of wheat cultivation maintained a positive in the area, production, and productivity and was statistically significant in Bundelkhand and Uttar Pradesh. It also estimated the relative contribution of the area and yield to change in output by decomposition analysis. The highest area effect was observed during Period II (74.04 per cent), with a yield and interaction effect of 21.45 and 4.28 per cent, respectively, in the state. During the entire study, instability indices revealed that most districts registered low and high instability. In Bundelkhand, agriculture is largely rain-dependent, and the yield of wheat crops is very sensitive to variations in rainfall. The analysis further suggests the role of irrigation, modern inputs, and fertilizer in boosting agricultural growth and productivity and reducing variability.

Parvat Singh*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Jan-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 41–45
E. P. Deepna1, P. S. Panchami*2, K. Surendra Gopal3, D. Girija4 and Raji Namboodiri Vasudevan5
1-4 Department of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 5 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India
Abstract
Seed biopriming, a pre-sowing treatment utilizing beneficial microorganisms, has emerged as an environmentally sustainable approach to enhance plant growth and productivity. This study evaluates the impact of biopolymer-based seed biopriming on the growth promotion of rice. Rice seeds were treated with 0.5% sodium alginate and 1% lignosulfonate, in combination with the bioagents Bacillus subtilis and Azospirillum zeae, and assessed through a pot culture experiment. Monthly observations revealed that population of Bacillus subtilis and Azospirillum zeae were significantly higher in treatments with bioprimed seeds. Plant growth parameters, such as plant height and the number of tillers, were comparable in sodium alginate and lignosulfonate treated seeds. However, yield parameters, including grain weight and panicle number, were highest in seeds treated with lignosulfonate. These results confirm that biopolymer-based seed biopriming, particularly with lignosulfonate, effectively promotes rice plant growth and yield compared to control and talc-based consortia treatments, offering a promising alternative for sustainable agriculture.

E. P. Deepna1, P. S. Panchami*2, K. Surendra Gopal3, D. Girija4 and Raji Namboodiri Vasudevan5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Jan-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 46–51
R. Bhuvaneswari*1, K. Manoj1, K. Dhanasekaran1, S. Srinivasan1, P. K. Karthikeyan1, M. Vijayapriya2 and S. Suganthi3
1 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612 101, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612 101, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612 101, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Salinity is a major problem throughout the world when excess soluble salts adversely affect physico-chemical properties of soil and in turn physiological activity of plant growth especially during the early seedling stage. A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of saline water irrigation and organic amendments on the nutrient availability, yield attributes and yield of cluster bean. The texture of the soil was sandy loam and taxonomically classified as Typic istifluvent. The twelve treatments consisted of three levels of saline water viz., S1–Control (Bore well water), S2- Saline water 1 (EC – 2.5) and S3-Saline water 2 (EC-5.0) and four different sources of organic amendments viz., O1-Humic acid (HA), O2-Farm yard manure (FYM), O3–Vermicompost (VC) and O4–Composted coir pith (CCP). The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with three replications using selected saline tolerance cluster bean variety MDU - 1 as test crop. The results revealed that the combined application of vermicompost @ 12.5 t ha-1 with bore well water irrigated treatment (S1O4) recorded the highest yield attributes and yield of cluster bean. Among the various treatments, the combined application of vermicompost @ 12.5 t ha-1 through soil and irrigation with bore well water (S1O3) registered the highest pod yield (1.25 kg pot-1) and stover yield (90.17 g pot-1). The lowest pod and stover yield of 0.93 kg pot-1 and 68.88 g pot-1 were noticed with S3O2 (FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 and irrigated with saline water) respectively. This was 25.6 (pod) and 23.61 (stover) per cent decrease as compared to S1O3. The treatment which received humic acid @ 30 kg ha-1 through soil application and irrigated with borewell water registered a comparable pod and stover yield of 1.20 kg pot-1 and 87.46 g pot-1 respectively, which was 4.0 and 3.0 per cent decrease over S1O3. However, the treatment S1O1 was comparable with S1O3.

R. Bhuvaneswari*1, K. Manoj1, K. Dhanasekaran1, S. Srinivasan1, P. K. Karthikeyan1, M. Vijayapriya2 and S. Suganthi3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Jan-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 52–56
S. Ramkumar*1 and S. Ganesh2
1-2 School of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fertigation, microbial consortium and bio-stimulants on the quality parameters consisting of anthocyanin content, soluble proteins and starch content of Edward Rose at Coimbatore during 2015 to 2020. It consisted of various kinds of treatments at three levels of the recommended dose of fertilizer through fertigation (RDFTF) gradients (125,100 and 75 per cent NPK), (RDF @ 178: 178: 356 kg NPK ha-1), recommended dose of Microbial Consortium from IIHR, Bangalore which contains Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria (MC) @ 12.5 kg ha-1, foliar spray of Panchagavya (3 and 4 %) and also humic acid (0.4 and 0.5%) were laid out in Randomized Block Design with two replications. The results revealed that high anthocyanin content of 0.915(A525 value) were recorded in the treatment (T12) which received the application of 100 percentage of RDFTF along with MC @ 12.5 kg ha-1 with 4 per cent Panchagavya and 0.5 per cent Ureic acid followed by the treatment (T10) with the application of 100 percentage of RDFTF along with MC @ 12.5 kg ha-1, 3 per cent Panchagavya and 0.4 per cent Ureic acid (0.895 A525 value), high values of soluble proteins in petals ( 8.81 mg gm-1), the maximum values of soluble protein in leaves (38.71 mg gm-1) and the highest starch content of 89.84 mg gm-1 were recorded besides the overall of yield of flowers in number of 3836302 and 9302 kg of flower ha-1. From the overall findings, it can be concluded that the treatment combinations with 100 per cent of RDFTF along with MC @ 12.5 kg ha-1 and 4 per cent Panchagavya and 0.5 per cent humic acid recorded maximum quality related parameters besides other growth and yield parameters.

S. Ramkumar*1 and S. Ganesh2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Jan-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 57–60
Anu Kurian*1 and K. Ajith Kumar2
1 Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University - 680 654, Kerala, India 2 Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Kerala Agricultural University, Ambalavayal - 673 593, Kerala, India
Abstract
A research trial was carried out in the experimental field of Department of Fruit Science, College of Agriculture, Thrissur, Kerala during two seasons (2016-2018) to evaluate the performance of strawberry cultivars. One month old tissue culture plants of eight strawberry cultivars viz., Hadar, Sweet Charlie, Sabrina-1, Sabrina, Crystal, Winter Dawn, Gili and Barak were planted at 30 x 40 cm apart on the raised beds during last week of September. The design of experiment was randomized block design (RBD). The results of the study indicated that out of the cultivars tried, the strawberry cv. Sabrina-1 proved to be best in producing maximum plant height and plant spread while cv. Winter Dawn recorded maximum number of leaves, number of crowns, number of flowers, number of clusters and yield per plant. Variety Gili was the least among all these parameters. Hence the variety Winter Dawn can be recommended for cultivation in the Central midlands of Kerala.

Anu Kurian*1 and K. Ajith Kumar2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Jan-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 61–65
Dhanapal P*1, Ramesh V2 and Revathi G.3
1-3 PG & Research Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College (Autonomous), Puthanampatti - 621 007, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
This study employed GC-MS analysis to investigate the bioactive compounds present in Strychnos nux-vomica L., a plant renowned for its insecticidal and repellent properties. The research aimed to document plants with potential to develop new plant-based insecticides, repellents, and larvicides. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, phenols, and proteins. GC-MS analysis identified 24 distinct compounds, elucidating the plant's chemical composition. Given the growing demand for eco-friendly rice pest management solutions, Strychnos nux-vomica L. emerges as a valuable source of beneficial phytocomponents, with potential applications in repellents and reproductive inhibitors.

Dhanapal P*1, Ramesh V2 and Revathi G.3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Jan-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 66–71
Fathima Hiba A. K*1, Anu Mary Markose1, Saji Gomez1, Anupama T. V2 and Mayadevi M. R.3
1 Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 2 Plant Propagation and Nursery Management Unit, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India
Abstract
Waste valorization of fruit peels presents a promising avenue for sustainable resource management and nutritional enhancement. This study was conducted from 2022 to 2024, and focused on the analysis of banana and pineapple peels, examining their proximate (Moisture content, Ash content, Crude fibre, Crude protein, Crude fat, Total carbohydrate and Energy value) biochemical (TDF, IDF, SDF, Antioxidant activity, and Total phenolic content), functional (WHC, OHC, Swelling power, Solubility and Bulk density) and antinutritional factors (Oxalate, Phytic acid and Tannic acid). The findings reveal that both peels are rich in bioactive compounds, including, total minerals (Banana peel powder (BPP)- 8.84±0.45%, Pineapple peel powder (PPP) - 4.73±0.44%) total dietary fibre (BPP-40.40±2.27 g/100g, PPP-39.90±1.94 g/100g), total phenols (BPP- 3.196±0.19 mg GAE/g, PPP-4.422±0.38 mg GAE/g), and antioxidant activity (BPP-3.14±0.33 µg/ml, PPP-12.24±0.71 µg/ml) which contribute to their potential as functional food fortificants. Notably, the antinutritional factors present in these peels were within safe limits, indicating their suitability for consumption. Specifically, the high dietary fibre and phenolic content suggest significant health benefits. Assessing these often-discarded by-products' nutritional potential, highlighted their role in food fortification. It underscores the importance of utilizing fruit peel waste to improve food quality.

Fathima Hiba A. K*1, Anu Mary Markose1, Saji Gomez1, Anupama T. V2 and Mayadevi M. R.3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Feb-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 72–75
Venkatesh J.1, Narasimhan Banu2, Karthi R. 1, Srinivasan S.1, Lakshmanan M.1, Girivasan K. P3 and Kalyanaraman Rajagopal*1
1 Postgraduate and Research Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to University of Madras), Mylapore, Chennai - 600 004, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Botany, Bharathi Women’s College (Affiliated to University of Madras), George Town, Chennai - 600 108, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Botany, Government Arts College for Men (Affiliated with the University of Madras), Nandanam, Chennai - 600 035, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are recognized as an important group of organisms with unique biological significance. Fungal endophytes aid in providing abiotic tolerance to plants like drought, temperature and biotic tolerance from insect, pathogenic infections etc. Fungal endophytes produce secondary metabolites like peptides, phenols, alkaloids, polyketides, quinones, steroids, and enzymes, which can be highly beneficial to mankind. There are only a handful of studies on the diversity, bioactivity, and metabolite production of fungal endophytes in grass hosts of India. Mycologists acknowledge the fact that fungal endophyte studies on dicot hosts engage the interest of most researchers but not with a case of grass. This paucity of research on fungal endophytes of grasses needs attention and further study. This short review seeks to compile and offer input into the study of fungal endophyte of grasses in India from 2011 to 2022 and their bioactivity.

Venkatesh J.1, Narasimhan Banu2, Karthi R. 1, Srinivasan S.1, Lakshmanan M.1, Girivasan K. P3 and Kalyanaraman Rajagopal*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Feb-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 72–74
Deepa M*1, Rahul K2, Shivakumar3 and Yuvaraj Praveen4
1, 3-4 Division of Forest Ecology and Climate Change, Institute of Forest Biodiversity (ICFRE, Dehradun), Dulapally, Hyderabad - 500 014, Telangana, India 2 DAATTC, Jogipet, Sangared District, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Abstract
The biological control method provides an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional chemical pesticides, reducing the reliance on harmful chemicals and fostering the development of more integrated and sustainable pest management approaches. This study presents strong evidence that releasing the native egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis at a rate of 1.25 lakh/ha effectively controlled the populations of major insect pest, the teak defoliator, in both natural forest ecosystems and teak plantations. The release of Trichogramma chilonis significantly diminished the extent of defoliation caused by the pest and lowered larval infestation rates, which are known to affect the health and productivity of teak trees negatively.

Deepa M*1, Rahul K2, Shivakumar3 and Yuvaraj Praveen4 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 04-Feb-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 75–82
Binodini Majhi*1
1 Department of Geography, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack - 753 003, Odisha, India
Abstract
This study examines the trends in the area, production, and productivity of millet crops in India, including Jowar, Bajra, Ragi, and small millets, from 2013-14 to 2021-22. Using secondary data from the Agricultural Statistics Division, the analysis employs metrics such as Annual Growth Rate (AGR), Standard Deviation (SD), and Coefficient of Variation (CV) to evaluate performance and variability. The findings indicate a consistent decline in the area under millet cultivation, with an AGR of -2.29%, while productivity has improved with an AGR of +1.91%. Despite a slight decline in production (-0.83%), improved yields have partially mitigated the effects of reduced cultivation area. The study highlights state-wise variations, with Rajasthan leading in production, while states like Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat achieve high productivity. These results highlight the significance of adopting improved varieties and sustainable agricultural practices to enhance millet production and address challenges such as climate change and food security.

Binodini Majhi*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Feb-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 83–85
Deepa M*1, Rahul K2, Shivakumar3 and Yuvaraj Praveen4
1, 3-4 Division of Forest Ecology and Climate Change, Institute of Forest Biodiversity (ICFRE, Dehradun), Dulapally, Hyderabad - 500 014, Telangana, India 2 DAATTC, Jogipet, Sangared District, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Abstract
The biological control approach also offers an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional chemical pesticides, reducing the need for harmful chemicals and supporting the development of more integrated and sustainable pest management strategies. This study presents compelling evidence that releasing the indigenous egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis at a rate of 1.25 lakh/ha effectively helped control the populations of major insect pest, Hyblaea puera, in both natural forest ecosystems and teak plantations. The release of Trichogramma chilonis notably reduced the severity of defoliation caused by this pest, as well as lowered larval infestation rates, which are known to adversely affect the health and productivity of teak trees.

Deepa M*1, Rahul K2, Shivakumar3 and Yuvaraj Praveen4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Feb-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 86–93
Pooja N*1 and Shobha Jagannath2
1-2 Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Guaiacum officinale (Zygophyllaceae) commonly known as Lignum Vitae, its native to Central America, introduced to India. Plant has been enlisted in IUCN endangered category because of over exploitation. The objectives of the present study were to analyze qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents in G. officinale leaf and callus using standard procedures. And also, extracts were subjected to antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. The results show the presence of all phytoconstituents in all the tested extracts. The antibacterial potential was tested against E. coli and B. subtilis bacteria by well and disc diffusion method, chloroform extract showed the highest inhibition in both the pathogens. The chloroform leaf and callus extract demonstrated the most potent antioxidant activity, as free radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 11.06 and 13.35 µg/ml respectively. The reducing power assay revealed that the chloroform leaf and callus extracts exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with 1.56 µg/ml and 1.952 µg/ml respectively. We analyzed the major chemical constituents present in the chloroform callus extract, a total of 9 compounds were identified. The results demonstrated that both the leaf and callus extracts exhibited significant antifungal activity against F. oxysporum. The extracts of G. officinale demonstrated significant antimicrobial and anti-oxidant activities, suggesting their potential utility in development of therapeutic agents and dietary supplements.

Pooja N*1 and Shobha Jagannath2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Feb-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 94–97
Abhirami K. A1, Deepthy K. B*1, Haseena Bhaskar1, Reshmy Vijayaraghavan2 and Mani Chellappan1
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 2 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India
Abstract
The thermotolerant strain EKM2 of Metarhizium anisopliae Sorokin was evaluated for its efficacy against third instar larvae of Galleria mellonella using contact toxicity bioassay. The results showed that the strain EKM2 exhibited significant mortality against Galleria mellonella larvae, with mortality rates ranging from 23.33 per cent to 100 per cent at spore concentrations of 105 to 109 spores/ml. The LT50 values decreased from 7.116 days at 105 spores/ml to 4.691 days at 109 spores/ml, while the LT90 values decreased from 10.904 days to 6.571 days over the same concentration range. The LC50 values decreased from 9x107 spores/ml on day five to 1x105 spores/ml on day eight. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of the EKM2 strain of Metarhizium anisopliae as a biological control agent against other lepidopteran pests.

Abhirami K. A1, Deepthy K. B*1, Haseena Bhaskar1, Reshmy Vijayaraghavan2 and Mani Chellappan1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Feb-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 98–100
Anagha P. K*1, Smitha Revi2, Madhu Subramanian1, Mani Chellappan1 and Shahida K3
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 2 ICAR - Krishi Vigyan Kenrda, Kerala Agricultural University, Kumarakom, Kottayam - 686 563, Kerala, India 3 Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India
Abstract
Lecanicillium psalliotae (MB-APKU-01) isolate was grown in different media to assess the effect of media on growth, sporulation, viability and biomass. Among the six media evaluated, the maximum radial growth (58.5 mm), highest sporulation (7.87×108 spores/ml), higher cfu (3.50×108 cfu/ml) and maximum biomass (1.93g) was recorded in Sabouraud Maltose Agar with Yeast Extract (SMAY). The lowest growth (49.5 mm), sporulation (5.37×108 spores/ml), cfu (1.50×108 cfu/ml) and biomass (0.99g) was recorded in Czapek Dox Agar (CDA). Therefore, the medium identified as most suitable for the mass production of the Lecanicillium psalliotae (MB-APKU-01) isolate was SMAY.

Anagha P. K*1, Smitha Revi2, Madhu Subramanian1, Mani Chellappan1 and Shahida K3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Feb-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 101–105
S. Ramkumar*1 and S. Ganesh2
1-2 School of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fertigation, microbial consortium and bio - stimulants on the physiological parameters and vase life of Edward Rose at Coimbatore during 2015 to 2020. The treatments which consisted of three levels of the recommended dose of fertilizer through fertigation (RDFTF) gradients (125,100 and 75 per cent NPK), (RDF @ 178: 178: 356 kg NPK ha-1), recommended dose of Microbial Consortium which contains Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria (MC) @ 12.5 kg ha-1, foliar spray of Panchagavya (3 and 4%) and humic acid (0.4 and 0.5%) were laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with two replications. The results revealed that higher impact in the petal retention with 24.50, 35.50, 37.00 and 42.50 hours respectively under the situations of flowers left in plant itself, harvested flowers kept in the room temperature, flowers kept in water and flowers kept under refrigeration were recorded in the treatment (T12) which received the application of 100 percentage of RDFTF along with MC @ 12.5 kg ha-1 with 4 per cent Panchagavya and 0.5 per cent Humic acid followed by the treatment (T10) with the application of 100 percentage of RDFTF along with MC @ 12.5 kg ha-1, 3 per cent Panchagavya and 0.4 per cent Humic acid (24.50, 30.00, 32.00 and 38.50 hours respectively) when compared to the control (T19) with the soil application of 100 per cent of RDF fertilizers ( 23.00, 20.50, 19.50 and 27.00 hours respectively). From the overall findings, it can be concluded that the treatment combinations with 100 per cent of RDFTF along with MC @ 12.5 kg ha-1 and 4 per cent Panchagavya and 0.5 per cent humic acid recorded the most desirable physiological properties, vase life besides other growth and yield parameters.

S. Ramkumar*1 and S. Ganesh2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Feb-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 106–110
Annie J. Cheriyan1, Naveen Dhingra2 and Jaya Sharma*3
1-2 School of Sciences, Sanjeev Agarwal Global Educational University, Katara Hills Extension, Sahara Bypass, Bhopal - 462 022, Madhya Pradesh, India 3 School of Agriculture, SAM Global University, Adampur Chawni, Raisen Road, Bhopal - 462 021, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
Plants have been used in traditional herbal medicine for a long run. Several thousand plant species have been reported to possess medicinal properties. Eighty percent of world population relies on the plant-based drug resources for their primary health care needs as estimated by world health organization. The demand is due to the increased acceptance of 'Ayurveda' and traditional herbal medicines, because of having their no side effects, and as such modern people relies more on drug resources of plant origin. It is an established fact that medicinal plants play a great role in our life. A major part of the total population in developing countries still uses traditional folk medicines obtained from plant sources. People live mainly in the districts partly depends on leaves, tubers, barks and fruits of terrestrial forest plants and use plant-based drugs as medicines, thereby offering much scope for ethno botanical studies. The growing demand for plant-based medicines, health products and pharmaceuticals led to the depletion of plant resources.

Annie J. Cheriyan1, Naveen Dhingra2 and Jaya Sharma*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Feb-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 111–115
Nandana Mohan*1, Shajma Nafeesa Basheer2, Mini Sankar3, Sheron Fernandez4 and Jayasree P5
1-4 Department of Floriculture Landscaping, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 5 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of plant spacing and nutrient doses on the growth and yield of Dracaena fragrans cv. Massangeana, a popular ornamental cut foliage. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatment combinations including two levels of spacing (S1- 60 x 60 cm, S2- 75 x 60 cm) and five levels of fertilizer dose (N1- 24:6:12 N: P₂O₅: K₂O g/plant/year, N2- 48:6:12 N: P₂O₅: K₂O g/plant/year, N3- 72:6:12 N: P₂O₅: K₂O g/plant/year, N4-100 g FYM/plant at 4 months interval + foliar spray of NPK 19:19:19 @ 0.5% at 6 months interval, N5- absolute control). The results showed that a closer spacing of 60 x 60 cm (S1) significantly boosted plant height, leaf count, leaf length, width, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of leaves and chlorophyll content. Among the nutrient treatments, application of fertilizer dose with the highest nitrogen concentration (N3-72:6:12 N: P₂O₅: K₂O g/plant/year) showed superiority in most of growth and yield parameters including plant height, plant spread, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots, vase life, and chlorophyll content. Leaf longevity and leaf production interval were highest under absolute control (N4).

Nandana Mohan*1, Shajma Nafeesa Basheer2, Mini Sankar3, Sheron Fernandez4 and Jayasree P5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Feb-2025

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 16 - Issue : 1 ; 116–118
Deepa M*1, Rahul K2 and G. Ramulu3
1, 3 Division of Forest Ecology and Climate Change, Institute of Forest Biodiversity (ICFRE, Dehradun), Dulapally, Hyderabad - 500 014, Telangana, India 2 DAATTC, Jogipet, Sangared District, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Abstract
The effectiveness of a commercial Bacillus thuringiensis product, Halt WP, was evaluated at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g/l against the first to fifth instar larvae of the Semilooper. The larvae showed high susceptibility to B. thuringiensis across all concentrations. Larval death began after 24 hours, with the highest mortality observed after 48 hours of continuous feeding on B. thuringiensis treated leaves. Among the tested concentrations, higher concentrations (1.0 and 1.5 g/l) were most effective in killing larvae. Complete larval mortality, up to 100%, was observed in younger larvae (up to the third instar) at all concentrations, regardless of the product used, while older larvae showed lower mortality rates.

Deepa M*1, Rahul K2 and G. Ramulu3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Feb-2025