Issues

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 01-07

Aparna V. S.*1, Raji P.2, Sumiya K.V.3 and Vidhu Francis Palathingal4

1 College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 2,4 Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi - 679 306, Kerala, India 3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Palakkad - 679 306, Kerala, India

Abstract

Bacterial blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is one of the most destructive diseases of rice. Development of resistant varieties is the most economical and environmentally friendly strategy for the management of the disease. Phenotypic screening of 50 rice germplasm accessions from South India were carried out by artificial inoculation using three virulent isolates of bacterial blight pathogen. Two accessions were moderately resistant against two Xoo isolates, (Xoo13 and Xoo63). None of the accessions tested were resistant or moderately resistant to the most virulent isolate Xoo57. Out of the 50 accessions six were moderately resistant to Xoo 63 and two accessions were moderately resistant to Xoo13. All other accessions were moderately susceptible to highly susceptible in nature. The genotypic survey was carried out using molecular markers linked to Xa4, xa5 and xa13 and Xa21 genes viz., MP, RM 122 xa13 prom and pTA 248. No amplicons specific to xa13 and xa21 allele were detected showing the absence of these two genes in the germplasm screened. 25 accessions amplified 150 bp size fragments specific to Xa4 gene. 20 accessions amplified 240 bp fragments specific to xa5 gene. 10 accessions carry Xa4 and xa5 genes in homozygous condition. Among the two accessions phenotypically moderately resistant to two isolates of the pathogen, one contains only xa5 gene and other does not carry any of these four genes studied. Further search for other genes contributing resistance is needed. The accessions having moderate resistance carrying Xa4 and xa5 genes could be utilized for the development of bacterial blight resistant varieties through molecular breeding.

Aparna V. S.*1, Raji P.2, Sumiya K.V.3 and Vidhu Francis Palathingal4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 08-10

Sukanta Majumder*1 and Urmi Mitra2

1 Department of Zoology, Siliguri College, Siliguri - 734 001, West Bengal, India 2 Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata - 700 064, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Bacteria are one of the major factors causing haemorrhagic septicemia to the edible fishes and create a growing threat to aquaculture. Thus, necessity of use of chemical compounds with antibacterial activities has increased to protect the fishes against the bacteria. Nowadays, use of commercial antibiotics is no longer effective in aquaculture, due to increased incidence of appearance of antibiotic resistant strains. The uses of medicinal plants as therapeutics have no side effects or very less side effects than the antibacterial drugs. In the present study antibacterial activity of Piper betel (Paan) and Syzigium aromaticum (Labanga) were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PKB113 (accession number JX426137 in the GenBank database) which was isolated from the septicemic lesions of the freshwater edible fishes. The in vitro antibacterial activity test of both the plants was done by means of disc diffusion method as well as bacterial growth curve analysis. The present study also showed that methanolic extracts of both Piper betel (Paan) and Syzigium aromaticum (Labanga) have significant antibacterial effect against the test bacterium Pseudomonas PKB 113 but Syzigium aromaticum (Labanga) was more effective than Piper betel (Paan). From the present study, it can also be commented that the use of medical herbs may be an alternative treatment for the remedy of disease as to replace antibiotics, which is preferable for health of animals and humans’ beings. It is also an option to reduce cost of treatment, and to promote the use of available natural sources within the country.

Sukanta Majumder*1 and Urmi Mitra2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 02-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 11-18

Manimekalai Duraimanickam1, Senthilkumar Govindarajan*2, Prakash Pandiyan3, Kanmani Asokan4, Ambikapathy Varatharajan5 and Panneerselvam Annamalai6

1-2 PG and Research Department of Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi - 613 503, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India 3-4 PG and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi - 613 503, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 5-6 Indian Biotrack Research Institute, Thanjavur - 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The fungal diversity and its genomic analysis with reference to enzyme screening assay. Totally 44 mycodiversity from four different seasons such as postmonsoon, summer, premonsoon and monsoon were carried out. Maximum physicochemical characters were recorded in monsoon and minimum at postmonsoon. Mycofloral populations were high in premonsoon. Correlation of physicochemical factors with microbial population of soil samples were significantly resulted. Analysis of enzymes like amylase, protease and cellulase from forty-four fungal colonies were screened. Among the forty-four fungi screened, only three fungi has showed maximum zone of clearance in amylase than the other two enzymes respectively. The gene sequencing were performed for the fungal organisms such as Aspergillus niger, A. terreus and A. flavus. Above the fungal colonies were confirmed by the 18s rDNA gene sequencing and submitted to the NCBI. Hence, the three fungi like A. niger, A. terreus and A. flavus was suitable candidature for industrial enzyme production.

Manimekalai Duraimanickam1, Senthilkumar Govindarajan*2, Prakash Pandiyan3, Kanmani Asokan4, Ambikapathy Varatharajan5 and Panneerselvam Annamalai6 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 19-23

N. Thavapudalvi*1, S. Vasantha2, V. Ambikapathy3, A. Panneerselvam4, P. Prakash5, A. Kanmani6 and D. Rathna7

1-4 P. G. and Research Department of Botany, A. V. V. M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Poondi, Thanjavur - 613 503, Tamil Nadu, India 5-7 Indian Biotrack Research Institute, Thanjavur - 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The current study deals with the antimicrobial activity of various fractions of different extracts from Anisomeles malabarica and was analyzed by using the agar well diffusion method. To determine the zone of inhibition in bacterial and fungal organisms using plant extracts of aqueous and benzene solvents. The concentration of extracts in (standard, 25, 50, 75, 100μg/ml) was tested against bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes, E. coli, Salmonella sp and Klebsiella pneumoniae. For antibacterial activity, the zone of inhibition (mm) of extracts was compared to standards such as streptomycin. The extracts of Anisomeles malabarica were tested against fungi such as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus and A. fumigatus as well as standards like fluconozole for antifungal activity. The maximum zones of inhibition for leaves, flowers and seeds were aqueous in bacteria and benzene in fungi. When all parts of Anisomeles malabarica were compared, the maximum concentration was 100 µg/ml. The results support the use of A. malabarica to treat a variety of infectious illnesses. Finally, these results suggest that Anisomeles malabarica can be used as a source of antibiotic compounds for potential bacterial infection treatment and medication development. Recent research has identified the most valuable Anisomeles species for phyto-pharmaceuticals.

N. Thavapudalvi*1, S. Vasantha2, V. Ambikapathy3, A. Panneerselvam4, P. Prakash5, A. Kanmani6 and D. Rathna7 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 24-27

N. Abdul Razak1, H. Syed Jagangir*2 and V. Ambikapathy3

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India 3 P. G. and Research Department of Botany, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Poondi, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Biological control consists of the introduction of beneficial predatory (or) parasitic species into the cultivation system. Integrated pest management (1PM) is an alternative to unilateral intervention strategies using agrochemicals with a wider focus on the ecology of the insect pests as well as the crop plants. Metarhizium anisopliae is the most utilised fungal species and the natural genetic variability of entomopathogenic fungi is considered one of the principle advantages of microbial insect control. Metarhizium anisopliae, an anamorphic fungus related to the phylum Ascomycota is the most intensively studied genus of Metarhizium, considering that the teleomorph is Cordyceps brittlebank isoides. The reproductive structure of Metarhizium anisopliae (the anamorph, the most commonly encountered form) consists of conidiophores and conidic Metarhizium anisopliae produces leveduri-form structures (or) blastospores and appressoria via mycelia differentiation. Blastospores can function in certain cases as reproductive units and are produced in submerged cultures. Entomopathogenic fungi are unique in that they can produce a wide range of bioactive compounds, including helvolic acid (1,2-dihydrohelvolic acid), each with its own molecular formula and molecular weight. Metarhizium anisopliae was discovered to be insect material dependent and to produce antibacterial compounds, which were purified from culture to homogeneity. This specific novel bioactive compound indicated that insect-derived material would be useful for enhancing the diversity of compounds produced by entomopathogenic fungi.

N. Abdul Razak1, H. Syed Jagangir*2 and V. Ambikapathy3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 28-34

Hitesh Jambukiya1, Suneeta Pinto*2 and Sunil Patel3

1-2 Dairy Technology Department, SMC College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Anand - 388 110, Gujarat, India 3 Dairy Engineering Department, SMC College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Anand - 388 110, Gujarat, India

Abstract

The present investigation was planned and conducted to develop a technology for the manufacture of millet based chhana cake. For selecting the level of fat in milk for chhana making, four batches of chhana were prepared from milk with four different levels of milk fat viz. 4.5, 5.0. 5.5 and 6.0%. It was found that chhana prepared from milk containing 5.5% fat had better acceptability compared to other levels studied viz. 4.5, 5.0 and 6.0% milk fat. Baking is the key processing steps for production of optimal quality of bakery product. From the different temperature/time combination, sample baked at 140˚C/80 min was found suitable for chhana cake. The proportion of barnyard millet, amaranth and little millet was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) i.e., Design Expert 13.0.5.0. The optimized solution was 31.86% barnyard millet, 32.69% amaranth and 35.45% little millet. The desirability of this model was 0.92.

Hitesh Jambukiya1, Suneeta Pinto*2 and Sunil Patel3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 35-37

Deepak Kumar Jha*1 and Ram Naresh Jha2

1-2 University Department of Botany, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India

Abstract

The present paper deals with the description of three taxa of the genus Sirogonium from different localities of Supaul district of North Bihar. Out of these, two taxa viz. Sirogonium megasporum (JAO) TRANSEAU and Sirogonium melanosporum (RANDHAWA) TRANSEAU are being recorded for the first time from Bihar, while another one i.e., Sirogonium sticticum (Engl.Bot.) KUTZING is the second record from Bihar after Kargupta and Jha (2004).

Deepak Kumar Jha*1 and Ram Naresh Jha2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 38-43

O. P. Singh1, Anoop M.2 and P. K. Singh*3

1-3 Department of Agricultural Economics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Agricultural sector is playing an important role in linking Indian farmers to ultimate consumers in the domestic and international markets. The major groundnut, guar-gum and onion producing states are Gujarat, Rajasthan and Maharashtra respectively which are situated in the western region of India. Western region contributes about 62.85, 74.13 and 60.59 percent to India’s total groundnut, guar-gum and onion production respectively in 2018-19. Present paper analyzed the growth trend for processed groundnut, guar-gum and onion export both in terms of quantity and value and direction of trade. The compound growth trend was used to find the growth rate and also the Markov chain analysis was used to assess the direction of foreign trade for selected agricultural commodities. Results of the study suggests that export quantity for processed groundnut, guar-gum and fresh onion was growing with compound growth rate of 9.91, 5.61 and 6.11 percent per annum respectively, whereas export value of processed groundnut, guar-gum and fresh onion was growing with compound growth rate of 16.86, 13.23 and 11.92 percent per annum respectively during 2000-01 to 2020-21. The Markov chain analysis suggests that most loyal importing countries were Indonesia, Russia and Nepal for processed groundnut, guar-gum and fresh onion respectively.

O. P. Singh1, Anoop M.2 and P. K. Singh*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 44-51

P. Bhardwaj*1 and R. K. Sharma2

1-2 Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

Abstract

The present work is an update on earthworm fauna of Eastern Haryana forming main part of Trans-Gangetic region. Survey of earthworm species in this Eastern Haryana with reference to diversity, distribution, and composting efficiency of local species revealed the presence of 14 species of earthworms belonging to 5 families, 11 genera. Out of 14 species Two species belonging to family Ocnerodrillidae (Gordiodrilus elegans) and Lumbricidae (Eisenia andrei) was reported for the first time from Trans-Gangetic region of Haryana. During the survey Lampito mauritii was the dominant species in this surveyed region representing 54.81% of total earthworm population. This anecic species had been recorded almost from all studied pedoecosystems. Therefore, the potential efficiency of this species of earthworms (L. mauritii) has been done by culturing them in kitchen waste rich organic matter. It was found that L. mauritii can be used as a vermicompost species in the northern region of India. Along with this the genetic diversity of some species had also been studied and phylogenetic relatedness among different species of earthworms was constructed which showed the presence of highly diverged lineages species of earthworms inhabiting Haryana soils. For genetic studies 10 random primers (OPA-1, OPA-2, OPA-3, OPA-4, OPA-5, OPA-6, OPA-7, OPA-8, OPA-9and OPA-10) were used in the amplification of DNA from the six species of earthworms (Eisenia fetida, Metaphire posthuma, Eutypheous incommodus, Lampito mauritii, Perionyx simlaensis and Dichogaster bolaui). Based on amplified primers it is concluded that OPA-6 primer, revealed slight differences in Eisenia fetida from other species like P. simlaensis and D. bolaui. Primer OPA-8 revealed a monomorphic pattern of bands starting from 250bp to 750bp in five species (E. fetida, M. posthuman, E. incommodus, L. mauritti, P. simalaensis).

P. Bhardwaj*1 and R. K. Sharma2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 52-57

Murugan V. C.1 and Senthilkumar D2

1-2 Department of Zoology, Kandaswami Kandars College, Velur, Namakkal - 638 182, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Vermicomposting is a green technique used to produce organic compost from organic waste with the aid of specific earthworm species. The resulting compost is rich in nutrients that can improve plant health and fertility. This study was conducted to produce organic compost using a developed vermicomposting technique and to enhance the exchangeable nutritional content in the soil for utilization in sustainable agriculture. The experiment was carried out with Eisenia fetida worms in a treatment technique using fish waste, mango pulp and biofertilizer. Six feeding compositions – different combination of fish waste (FW) + Mango pulp (MP) waste (C1, C2 and C3) alone; C1/C2/C3 + Earthworms (E. fetida) EW (C1E1/ C2E1/ C3E1); C1/C2/C3 + EW + Azospirillum- AZ (C1E2/ C2E2/ C3E2); C1/C2/C3 + EW+ Phosphobacteria - Pb (C1E3/ C2E3/ C3E3); C1/C2/C3 + EW+ Rhizobium-Rb (C1E4/ C2E4/ C3E4); C1/C2/C3 + EW + AZ+Pb+Rb (C1E5/ C2E5/ C3E5). The physiochemical parameters, namely pH, electrical conductivity and seven different nutrients, were assessed in different compost samples and the growth and reproductive performance of epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida in biofertilizers enriched FW + MP vermicomposting was studied. The vermicomposting co-efficient of physicochemical parameters shows an increased trend in EC, OC, N, P, K, S, Zn and Fe, except pH. Maximum number of earthworms was recorded in C1E3 and the highest average body weight and body length were observed in C3E5. The microbial populations and availability of food materials from biofertilizers enriched fish waste with fruit waste increases the biomass, average body weight, average body length and also increases the reproductive.

Murugan V. C.1 and Senthilkumar D2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 58-63

Suraj Sharma1, Kailash Agrawal*1-2, Sourabh Khorwal3 and Mukta Agrawal4

1,3 Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan, India 2 Department of Life Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur - 303 012, Rajasthan, India 4 Department of Home Science, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Basal kernel blight disease of barley due to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) is known for remarkable crop losses worldwide. Current investigation was carried out for assessment of physiological and biochemical changes induced due to natural infection of Pss in barley seed samples. It was observed that moisture, fibre, ash and total carbohydrates were variable with significant values in all infected samples. Total phenols increased significantly in all Pss infected seed samples. Notably protein content was increased significantly in the infected samples, whereas crude fat, crude fibre and total carbohydrates decreased significantly. However, the enzymes such as polyphenoloxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were remarkably higher in the infected samples. The results suggest that interaction of Pss with host metabolism interferes with biochemical pathways and production of various defensive enzymes and other products in process to bring disease symptoms on the barley. It is concluded that this study will serve as a pool of information to understand the response of barley to Pss infection on biochemical basis.

Suraj Sharma1, Kailash Agrawal*1-2, Sourabh Khorwal3 and Mukta Agrawal4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 64-71

V. Shyamala*1 and N. Umamaheswari2

1 Department of Microbiology, MASS College of Arts and Science (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24, Tamil Nadu), Kumbakonam- 612 501, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Microbiology, Sengamala Thayaar Educational Trust Women’s College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24, Tamil Nadu), Sundarakkottai, Mannargudi - 614 001, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The most common sterilising silver nanoparticles used in consumer and medical products include fabrics, food storage bags, refrigerator surfaces and personal care products. This study exhibits the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pleurotus ostreatus. The biosynthesized Ag-NPs were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and antibacterial activity. The maximum absorption peak was measured in the UV-Vis spectra of silver nanoparticles at 460 nm. The next analysis is performed with a comparison of control and concentration 10mM. The FTIR were detected by the presence of functional groups necessary for the conversion of silver nitrate to silver ions. The formation of silver nanoparticles was observed by SEM analysis of the brown colour stable samples, while silver nitrate-treated samples revealed well-dispersed nanoparticles. The TEM images revealed that the size of Ag-NPs was found to be about 50 and 100 nm. Ag-NPs, XRD pattern showed 2θ values, which are related to the silver (111) crystalline phase index. Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholera and Staphylococcus aureus were the microbes selected for the current study for the antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles was performed by well diffusion method. The maximum zone of inhibition was found in the control (10.16±0.18mm) at Klebsiella pneumoniae and concentration 10mM (12.20±0.08mm) at Bacillus cereus and least against the control (7.30±0.22mm) at E. coli and concentration 10mM (7.67±0.72mm) at Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study concluded that the silver nanoparticles have a significant amount of potential as an antimicrobial compound against the pathogenic microorganisms studied and can be used to treat infectious diseases caused by bacteria. Silver nanoparticles have a major role on nanotechnology and nanomedicine.

V. Shyamala*1 and N. Umamaheswari2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 72-79

Hemanta Saha1, Sandipan Chatterjee2 and Anirban Paul*3

1-3 Department of Botany, Suri Vidyasagar College, Suri - 731101, Birbhum, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Pollination can increase the yield, quality and stability of fruit and seed crops. Animal pollination plays an important role in sexual reproduction and the successful pollination of many crops. Inadequate pollination not only reduces yield, but can also affect yield and produce a high percentage of poor-quality fruit. Most of our crops are poorly adapted to biotic and abiotic stresses such as disease, pests, drought, salinity and the constant introduction of new adaptive genes lead to preserve crop diversity and enhance pollination. Pesticides kill pollinators directly, and herbicides kill pollinators indirectly by reducing what they eat. Habitat destruction has reduced pollination in agricultural and natural areas. Pollinator numbers are believed to be declining worldwide, resulting in reduced yields in some crops, ultimately impact on food production and food security.

Hemanta Saha1, Sandipan Chatterjee2 and Anirban Paul*3 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 09-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 80-82

Atul Kumar Srivastava1, Shiv Shankar Sharma*2, Balmukund Tiwari3 and Ashwini Kumar4

1-4 P.G. Department of Chemistry, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya - 824 234, Bihar, India

Abstract

The title compounds 2- Aryl-5,6-dihydro-5-thioxoimidazo - [2,1-b] – 1,3,4- thiadiazol -6-one [4] were prepared by refluxing 2-aryl-5-arylimino-5,6-dihydroimidazol- [2,1-b] -1,3,4-thiadiazol -6 one[3] with sulphur in CS2 for about 20 hours. 2-Aryl-5-arylimino-5,6-dihydroimidazo-[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-6-one [3] were synthesized by the reaction of trichloroacetyl chloride and 2- amino -5- aryl -1,3,4 thiadiazole in dioxane followed by the treatment of the solution of tri ethylamine and primary phenyl amine in dioxane. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 15 hours. 2-Amino-5-aryl- 1,3,4-thiazole were prepared by the reaction of thiosemicarbazide with carboxylic acid in the presence of PPE (polyphosphate ester). All the title compound have been tested in vitro for their fungicidal activities against two fungal species Colletotrichum falcatum and Fusarium oxysporum. All the title compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and one compound by IR and 1H-NMR spectral data.

Atul Kumar Srivastava1, Shiv Shankar Sharma*2, Balmukund Tiwari3 and Ashwini Kumar4 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 11-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 83–89

Akanksha Kumari1, Poonam Dehariya*2 and Meena Singh3

1-3 Lab of Mushroom Biology, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Biochar is a carbon rich material produced from the pyrolysis of biomass, obtained from forestry wastes, animal manures and crop residues which are the best feedstocks. A brief summary provides on the effect of biochar on soil and crop productivity. Biochar is produced through pyrolysis. Carbonization and hydrothermal carbonization of various feedstocks. Its incorporation in soil affects the physical and chemical properties which gives a new approach to achieve biological, agricultural and environmental benefits. In earlier studies researchers found it as an effective soil amendment tool as its application comprehend a new approach and has a great significance in increasing carbon storage, improving soil nutrient, soil fertility, crop productivity and maintaining the balance of soil ecosystem by their bio- physical interactions. Present study give a brief review on Biochar, different methods of production of Biochar, its uses in agriculture, its physio chemical properties, Use of Biochar in carbon sequestration, effect of Biochar on soil mycorrhiza etc. Thus, there is need to explore the study of Biochar and its production in commercial level.

Akanksha Kumari1, Poonam Dehariya*2 and Meena Singh3 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 11-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 90-94

Rekha N. Kadam*1, I. F. Pailwan2 and R. G. Patil3

1 P. G. Department of Zoology, Lal Bahaddur Shastri College, Satara - 415 002, Maharashtra, India 2 Kisanveer Mahavidhyalay, Wai, Satara - 412 803, Maharashtra, India 3 Research Director Department of Zoology Lal Bahaddur Shastri College, Satara - 415 002, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Present study and aim of this problem is to evaluate, the physico-chemical parameters of water and molluscan diversity of Dhom reservoir was studied during 2020. Mollusca play important role in ecosystem functioning, pollution indicator, medicinal value, economical value and nutritious food source. During present investigation totally 11 molluscan species belonging to four orders and five families of molluscan species were observed in the Dhom reservoir. The species observed under class Bivalveia, order Trigoinoida were, Parreysia corrugata, Parreysia favidens, Lamillidens corrianus, Lamellidens marginalis, Corbicula regularis and Tarebia lineata. The species observed under class Gastropoda, order Basommatophora were, Lymnaea stagnalis, Lymnaea luteola and Melanoidus tuberculata. The order with Sorbeochoncha only single species was observed Melanoidus tuberculata. The order with Mesogastropoda also only single species was observed Bellamya bengalensis. The results were discussed on the bases of physico-chemical analysis of water and molluscan diversity indices.

Rekha N. Kadam*1, I. F. Pailwan2 and R. G. Patil3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 95-98

Janani N1 and L. Shakila2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai - 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The neuropeptide S receptor is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins which binds neuropeptide S. It was formerly an orphan receptor, GPR154, until the discovery of neuropeptide S as the endogenous ligand. In this In-silico work, we found out the total number of mutated amino acids of the NPSR1 protein present in the domain’s regions. The normal and mutated structure of the NPSR1 protein sequence was modelled using automated molecular modelling techniques. The modelled structure was validated and the 3D structure was visualized using advanced molecular visualization tool in order to view the molecular structural details with its mutated amino acids domains region in 3D form. The overall results clearly deliver the involvement of the mutated amino acids in the domains region of the modelled NPSR1 protein. Finally, we conclude that the identified domain regions of the amino acids act as potential drug binding sites which will be beneficial further in the field of drug designing for NPSR1 related diseases.

Janani N1 and L. Shakila2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 99-104

Ramakrishnan Vasanthi*1 and Vadivel Balamurugan2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Ulundurpet - 606 107, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The coastal sand dunes (CSD) are exclusive ecosystems, plays a foremost role in defending the zone from erosion, and flood, also abundant in biotic and abiotic resources. The bioactive compounds and phytochemicals from these plants were stated to have copious pharmacological applications. The current research evaluates the comparative study of phytochemical analysis of leaf and stem extract of Canavalia rosea. The extraction is performed using different solvents namely ethanol, aqueous, chloroform, acetone and methanol. Preliminary analysis of the leaf and stem extract validates the presence of major bioactive compounds, namely terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic groups, phlobatannins, cardiac glycosides, coumarin etc.

Ramakrishnan Vasanthi*1 and Vadivel Balamurugan2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 105-109

Murulidhar M. Venkannanavara*1 and N. M. Kerur2

1 Faculty (Agribusiness and Food processing), School of Agribusiness and Rural Management, Karnataka State Rural Development and Panchayat Raj University, Gadag, Karnataka, India 2 Professor (Agribusiness Management), College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The present study mainly focused to analyze the behavior of Soybean prices in Bidar and Dharwad markets in Karnataka and forecasting the prices for the future. Based on secondary data from January 2005 to October 2022, the future prices were predicted for the next six months, by employing the Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) technique. The annual increase in price trend of Soybean in Bidar and Dharwad markets were observed to be Rs 288.0 and 388.0 per quintal per annum. The highest seasonal indices of prices were observed in the month of February (106.1), May (109.3) in Bidar and Dharwad markets respectively. Highest indices of arrivals were found in November (381.0) in Bidar, (175.5) in Dharwad market. Maximum R-Square (0.92), (0.91), minimum Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) (8.563), (9.902), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) (290.65), (313.59), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) (196.21), (209.24) and Normalized BIC (11.45) and (11.550) respectively in Bidar and Dharwad markets, were used as a criteria to select the best model for price forecasting. Based on the above criteria the model (1,1,2) (0,0,0) and (0,1,2) (1,0,1) were found to fit the time series to predict future prices. The forecasted price of soybean would be ranging from Rs 4678 to 6301 and Rs 5028 to 6535 per quintal during the cram months in Bidar and Dharwad markets respectively.

Murulidhar M. Venkannanavara*1 and N. M. Kerur2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 110-121

Prajakta Y. Pachorkar*1 and Vaishnavi Pawar2

1-2 Department of Microbiology, K. R. T. Arts, B. H. Commerce, and A. M. Science College, Gangapur Road, Nashik - 422 002, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

New eco-friendly techniques should be used to fulfill the demand for foodstuffs of the day-by-day increasing population. So that we can overcome negative impacts on the environment as well as on land because of the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for enhancing crop productivity and increasing yield. It leads to hyperaccumulation of chemicals, soil degradation, soil compaction reduction, reduction in soil organic matter, leaching problems, and soil becoming infertile. In addition to this climatic change is one of the major problems. To overcome this PGPR growth-promoting bacteria can use direct and indirect mechanisms which lead to the acquisition of resources and also helps in the regulation of plant hormone levels and also assist in suppressing the inhibitory effects of pathogens on plant growth and development. It also acts as a biocontrol agent (BCA) to soil-borne pathogens and ISR. This can be achieved by the ability of PGPR to synthesize compounds such as Siderophore production, and the synthesis of lytic enzymes which hydrolyze the phytopathogen’s cell wall and suppress negative effects on crops, Antibiotic production is one of the important antagonist’s mechanisms against plant pathogens and also acts ISR to certain pathways for inducing systemic resistance and stress detecting markers which includes ACC deaminase and it produces various stress markers enzymes. Indirect mechanisms also cope with some nanobiotechnological aspects to improve crop productivity by creating certain genetic manipulation, thus suppressing detrimental effects on crop productivity.

Prajakta Y. Pachorkar*1 and Vaishnavi Pawar2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 14-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 122-126

P. K. Karthikeyan*1, R. Ranjani2, R. Bhuvaneswari3, S. Rameshkumar4, D. Gokul5, K. Swetha Reddy6 and Ajish Muraleedharan7

1-3, 5-6 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India 4, 7 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field, Chinakandiyankuppam village, Vriddhachalam taluk, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu to evaluate the effect of polyhalite on dry matter production and nutrient uptake of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) – cv. ADT-5 during 2021. The experimental soil was loamy sand in texture comes under Arasanatham series. The treatments consisted of graded levels of potassium in two sources (MOP and polyhalite). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments and replicated three times. Each treatment received a standard dose of nitrogen (25 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (50 kg ha-1). As a result of the experiment revealed that the maximum dry matter production (3312 kg ha-1) at harvest, nitrogen uptake (49.15 kg ha-1), phosphorus uptake (5.25 kg ha-1), potassium uptake (20.64 kg ha-1), sulphur uptake (3.75 kg ha-1), calcium uptake (36.21 kg ha-1), magnesium uptake (16.88 kg ha-1) in haulm were significantly improved when 37.5 kg K2O ha-1 was applied as polyhalite. Among the two potassium sources experimented, polyhalite performed significantly than MOP.

P. K. Karthikeyan*1, R. Ranjani2, R. Bhuvaneswari3, S. Rameshkumar4, D. Gokul5, K. Swetha Reddy6 and Ajish Muraleedharan7 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 127-130

R. Bhuvaneswari1, P. K. Karthikeyan2, S. Srinivasan3, D. Gokul*4 and S. Suganthi5

1-4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar -608 002, Tamil Nadu, India 5 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of humic acid, micronutrient mixture and growth regulators on yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake of bhendi variety Arka anamika at Guddampatti village near Errabaiyahalli taluk, Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design consisting of nine treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments included with humic acid, micronutrients mixture and plant growth regulators along with recommended dose of fertilizers. A uniform NPK dose of 80:40:40 kg ha-1 was applied to all the plots through urea, SSP, MOP respectively. The results of the experiment revealed that application of humic acid @ 30 kg ha-1 + micronutrients mixture @ 50 ppm + growth regulators1 (Gibberellic acid @ 50 ppm) (T7) recorded maximum nitrogen uptake (375.18 kg ha-1), phosphorus uptake (22.80 kg ha-1), potassium uptake (285.32 kg ha-1), calcium uptake (20.46 kg ha-1), magnesium uptake (10.93 kg ha-1), sulphur uptake (18.76 kg ha-1), copper uptake (111.61 g ha-1), zinc uptake (674.71 g ha-1), iron uptake (1061.03 g ha-1), manganese uptake (311.95 g ha-1) and yield attributes and yield viz., number of fruits plant-1 (23), fruit length (20.35 cm ) and fruit length (22.50 g), fruit yield (28.98 t ha-1) and stover yield (11.74 t ha-1). The minimum nutrient uptake, yield attributes and yield were recorded in control treatment (T1).

R. Bhuvaneswari1, P. K. Karthikeyan2, S. Srinivasan3, D. Gokul*4 and S. Suganthi5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 131-138

Manas Das1, Sayan Mandal2, Avik Bhanja3 and Basudev Mandal*4

1-4 Department of Fishery Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore - 721 102 West Bengal, India

Abstract

The present study revealed complete information on length-weight relationships (LWRs), length-length relationships (LLRs), and meristic counts (covering different fin rays and ocellies) of a total number of 150 Macrognathus aral species collected from lotic water bodies and fish markets. The total length of the male and female species results from a range of 18.3cm to 32.5cm and 15.7cm to 29.0cm while body weight varies from 21.35gm to 156.6gm and 29.9gm to 138.9gm, respectively. The parabolic equation between total length and the total weight of M. aral is as W = 0.177000982 L2.4837 for male species and W= 0.105737 L2.9929 for female species. A strong relationship between length and weight shows a 93% (P<0.05) correlation in females and 82% (P<0.05) correlation in males. The values of ‘b’ showed negative allometric growth (b<3.0) in both sexes. The mean values of Fulton’s condition factors (K3) shown in male and female species were 0.378 and 0.558 respectively, while on the other side the values of Modified condition factors (Kb) shown in male and female species were 1.875 and 0.571, respectively, which indicates good health condition of the species in their natural habitats.

Manas Das1, Sayan Mandal2, Avik Bhanja3 and Basudev Mandal*4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 139-142

R. Bhuvaneswari1, P. K. Karthikeyan2, S. Srinivasan3, D. Venkatakrishnan4 and D. Gokul*5

1-5 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar -608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of humic acid, micronutrients and growth regulators on bhendi at Guddampatti village near Errabaiyahalli taluk, Dharmapuri district, Tamil Nadu. Bhendi variety Arka anamika was grown as test crop. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture. The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design consisting of nine treatments and replicated thrice. The treatments details contain combined application of recommended dose of fertilizers, humic acid, micronutrients mixture and plant growth regulators. A uniform NPK dose of 80:40:40 kg ha-1 was applied to all the plots through urea, SSP, MOP respectively. The results of the experiment revealed that the maximum values of growth attributes viz., plant height, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area index, stem girth, chlorophyll content, number of branches plant-1, dry matter production, minimum days to first flowering and maximum values of quality attributes viz, ascorbic acid content, total soluble solids, titrable acidity, crude protein and minimum crude fibre were recorded in the treatment with application of humic acid @ 30 kg ha-1 + micronutrients mixture @ 50 ppm + growth regulators1 (Gibberellic acid @ 50 ppm) (T7), which was on par with the treatment with application of humic acid @ 30 kg ha-1 + micronutrients mixture @ 50 ppm + growth regulators3 (Naphthalene acetic acid @ 50 ppm) (T9). The minimum values were recorded in control treatment (T1).

R. Bhuvaneswari1, P. K. Karthikeyan2, S. Srinivasan3, D. Venkatakrishnan4 and D. Gokul*5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 143-149

Neha Arora*1, Swati Rajput2 and Sanjeev3

1-2 Shaheed Bhagat Singh College, University of Delhi, New Delhi - 110 017 3 University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 021

Abstract

Crop failure due to natural hazard and other human interventions can cause a serious matter of concern to a rural population dominated agricultural country like India. The issue of food security and nourishment pose a major stress to the economy and sustainability of agriculture in the near future. Agricultural risk can be categorized as production risk, price or market, financial or credit, and institutional risks etc. The farmers are not assured of good quality and disease-free crop which is essential for obtaining reasonable yield sufficient to recover expenses. Crop insurance is one of the major management strategies to overcome risk to greater extent. The present study is focused on assessing the parameters of risk and identifying the risk prone zones and stressing the need for crop insurance as a measure of mitigation in districts of Rajasthan.

Neha Arora*1, Swati Rajput2 and Sanjeev3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 150-155

Bristy Borgohain*1, Bijoy Neog2 and Pranit Saikia3

1-2 Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India 3 Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India

Abstract

Lycopene is a lipid soluble carotenoid compound synthesized naturally by plants and microorganisms. It is one of the dominant antioxidants among dietary carotenoids and is principally responsible for imparting red colour in fruits and vegetables. Emerging research suggests, lycopene as an important micronutrient with many health benefits and it is a potent anticancer agent against several types of cancers including prostrate, epithelial, oral, hepatocarcinoma etc. Fruits of Elaeagnus species are an abundant source of lycopene and its derivatives. However, this genus remains underutilized due to lack of proper knowledge and scientific study. Here, in this review we have summarized the chemical nature of lycopene, its availability in different species of the genus Elaeagnus and its role in prevention of cancer. The obtainable data is promising, however more detailed information on the bioavailability, biochemistry and anticancerous activity of lycopene are needed to utilize fruits of this genus as functional food and in pharmacological industries in near future. We hope that this review will prompt future researches and shade light on the value of lycopene in the fruits of the genus Elaeagnus.

Bristy Borgohain*1, Bijoy Neog2 and Pranit Saikia3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 156-159

Rajashekhar K.1, V. Jagadeeswary2 and J. Shilpa Shree*3

1-2 Department of V & AH Extension Education, Veterinary College, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, India 3 Department of AH Economics, TANUVAS, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

India has a rich source of cattle and buffalo genetic resources which help in creating the livelihood security to the resource poor farmers. The present study was conducted to assess socio economic and psychological characteristics of livestock farmers owning Khillar cattle of Karnataka. A total of 240 Khillar cattle owners from 16 villages comprising 80 small farmers, 80 medium farmers and 80 large farmers were considered for the study and interviewed with the help of structured interview schedule. The results indicated that among the overall respondents, large number of the respondents belongs to middle age (43.34%) and majority of the respondents were men. Among the total respondents, 29.58 per cent had middle schooling and belong to OBC category. Among the overall respondents, majority had medium family size (62.50%) and majorities were living in nuclear family (92.08%). Among the overall respondents, animal husbandry with agriculture was found to be their main occupation (78.75%) followed by animal husbandry, agriculture with business (21.25%) as the major occupation. Among the overall respondents, majority had medium level of Khillar cattle rearing experience (53.33%) and majority had medium level of extension contact (56.26%). Majority among the overall farmers had low annual income (56.66%) and medium land holders. Among the overall farmers, majority had medium level of decision-making ability (65.84%) and majority had medium (60.00%) level of risk orientation. The findings would help the policy makers to take necessary steps to provide subsidized loan and insurance policies for the draught animals.

Rajashekhar K.1, V. Jagadeeswary2 and J. Shilpa Shree*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 160-163

Rajsekhar Pramanik*, Nandita Bhakat2 and Ishwari Prasad Gupta3

1-3 University Department of Botany, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi - 834 008, Jharkhand, India

Abstract

Similipal is one of the Sal dominated large forest in Odisha and also in India. There are many forest types are present in this Biosphere Reserve such as- Tropical dry deciduous forest, Moist Deciduous Forest, Semi-evergreen forest, Mixed deciduous forest, High Level Sal Forest, Hill Forest, Savannah and Grassland meadow types. That’s why in this paper we analysis all the tree species found in this Biosphere along with their ethno-medicinal importance. The main objectives of the study are to identify and classify all tree plants present within the reserve and documented their ethno-medicinal uses. The study was done in three seasonal conditions- pre monsoon, post monsoon and in winter. Many photographs were taken for their further identification. Plants were collected in field and note their habit, habitat, flower colour, fruit colour, odour, and after that prepare herbarium, analyzed through proper and available flora. In present study we exclude tree species of Monocotyledons, Gymnosperms and Pteridophytes. The present study deals with only tree species present in Similipal Biosphere Reserve. More attention should be paid to the tree species showing very low amount. Similipal Biosphere Reserve is a protected forest, still the forest vegetation is experiencing destruction due to the interaction of the local people for their dependence on the forest for the timber, medicine, fire wood, as well as non- wood forest products. Overgrazing by the livestock has added to the parameter of destruction of newly germinating seeds. This preliminary study will add to the knowledge about the present status of vegetation in the biosphere. Many endangered, rare and endemic species are also at high-risk position. Plantation of the species and thereby restoration of the forest vegetation is the key massage of the survey.

Rajsekhar Pramanik*, Nandita Bhakat2 and Ishwari Prasad Gupta3 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 19-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 164-166

Shilpa Shree J.*1 and Ananthi T.2

1-2 Department of Animal Husbandry Economics, MVC, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The study was undertaken to assess the training needs of poultry meat retailers in Chennai city. A total sample size of 30 poultry retailers was selected by using convenient sampling technique. The results indicated that all the respondents were males (100%) with regard to training needs, the poultry meat retailers felt they need training on sources of funding followed by feeds and feeding, shop environment hygiene, health management of poultry birds, procurement, storage and quality meat and ICT in the order of preference. So training has to be given based on needs of poultry retailers which benefits them and indirectly strengthens the poultry industry.

Shilpa Shree J.*1 and Ananthi T.2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 167-170

Khumukcham Ranjana Devi*1

1 T. S. Paul Manipur Women’s College, Mongsangei - 795 003, Manipur, India

Abstract

The present study dealt with the quantification of nutritional quality and deciphering the bioactivity of methanolic extract of three different parts of foxnut fruit viz; aril, seed coat, and seed kernel. The nutritional composition of aril, seed coat, and seed kernel aril, seed coat, and seed kernel was found to be different. The carbohydrate content was recorded in the seed coat as (74.6%), seed kernel (73.22%) and aril (46.68%). While highest protein content was recorded in aril (16.8%) followed by seed kernel (14%) and seed coat (6.82%). The ash content is highest in aril (19.4%) as compared to seed coat (7.6%) and seed kernel (1.8%). The methanolic extract of foxnut seed is rich in phenolic and flavonoid content. The extracts also exhibited antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity was shown by seed coat as indicated by its lower EC50 value in the DPPH assay (EC50=7.21±0.03 µg/mL) and ABTS assay (EC50= 4.39 ± 0.25µg/mL). The extracts also showed α-amylase inhibitory activity, the EC50 value of the extracts was recorded as 149.55±0.91 µg/mL for seed coat, 577.65±4.1 µg/mL for seed kernel, and 895.61± 6.7 µg/mL for aril. The methanolic extract of seed coat exhibited antibacterial activity.

Khumukcham Ranjana Devi*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 171-173

Krishnan Rajkumar1, Samuel Tennyson*2 and Subramanian Arivoli3

1 Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai - 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Chennai - 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore - 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The interspecific association of egg parasitism between membracids and chalcidoid parasitoids was studied. Gonatocerus brevifuniculata and Gonatocerus narayani (Mymaridae), Mirufens afrangiata and Brachygrammatella indica (Trichogrammatidae), Centrodora azizi and Centrodora mumtazi (Aphelinidae) parasitized the eggs of membracids, viz., Leptocentrus taurus, Otinotus oneratus and Oxyrhachis taranda. The parasitisation by each parasitoid species was calculated. The emergence hole formed by each parasitoid species was specific on the host eggs parasitized by each chalcidoid species, from which percentage of parasitisation was calculated. The respective percentage of egg parasitism in Leptocentrus taurus by Gonatocerus brevifuniculata, Brachygrammatella indica, Mirufens afrangiata and Centrodora azizi was 6.80, 2.49, 5.77 and 3.19; in Otinotus oneratus by Gonatocerus brevifuniculata, Gonatocerus narayani, Brachygrammatella indica, Mirufens afrangiata and Centrodora mumtazi, was 9.90, 11.80, 7.15, 6.99 and 10.36; and in Oxyrhachis taranda by Gonatocerus brevifuniculata, Gonatocerus narayani, Mirufens afrangiata and Centrodora azizi was 7.47, 6.68, 4.18 and 3.80.

Krishnan Rajkumar1, Samuel Tennyson*2 and Subramanian Arivoli3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 174-177

Grace Marin1, Subramanian Arivoli2 and Samuel Tennyson*3

1 Department of Zoology, Scott Christian College, Nagercoil - 629 003, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore - 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Chennai - 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Oviposition studies using ovitraps are proven advantages in vector surveillance, because they are used to monitor mosquito species as well as pre and post density counts, and has been used to identify areas with high concentrations of vector breeding based on egg density index from unexposed breeding sites and surrounding areas. In the present study, the ovipositional preference of Aedes albopictus in different containers (ovitraps), viz., new coconut shell (C1), used coconut shell (C2), new black coloured plastic cup (C3), and used black coloured plastic cup (C4) was assessed in three different types of experiment sets viz., (i) in the above mentioned containers (E1), (ii) rubber leaf infusion placed inside the containers (E2), and (iii) rubber leaf infusion + Bacillus thuringiensis placed inside the containers (E3). Further, different treatments ranging from T1 to T8 were set up with varied concentrations of rubber leaf infusions with presence and absence of Bacillus thuringiensis was also experimented. The results revealed that maximum eggs were oviposited in C4, and amongst the experimental set up, maximum number of eggs were oviposited in E2. Further, T4 (Container holding rain water + 10% rubber leaf infusion with Bacillus thuringiensis) recorded the maximum number of eggs oviposited. The present study demonstrated that the black-coloured containers and the rubber leaf infusions attracted Aedes albopictus and stimulated its ovipositional preference.

Grace Marin1, Subramanian Arivoli2 and Samuel Tennyson*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 178-182

Roja B1, Sasikumar R2 and Chellapandi P*3

1-3 Industrial Systems Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Shrimp production in India has continued to face an increasing challenge in the last two years owing to improper farm and disease management and lack of efficient probiotic availability. India mainly comprises two varieties of shrimp: Pacific white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and Indian black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Generally, shrimps lack an adaptive immune system to combat invading pathogens. Probiotics have been suggested as a substitute strategy to improve immune function and prevent or minimize shrimp disease. A variety of imported single- or multi-strain probiotic formulations and products have been available in markets, but the cell viability and shelf life of the strains in shrimp farms are questionable to date. The current perspective is that new dietary multistrain probiotics must be formulated and immobilized on fruit-based solid matrices for long-term viability and increased shelf life in India. Dried banana peel powder is suggested herein as a food matrix or probiotic carrier because it is a low-cost fruit waste that is readily available and contains more total dietary fiber with antioxidant activity. Hence, dietary multi-strain probiotics could be ideally viable in the pond environment by reducing the bacterial and organic loads, which will fetch larger profits with additional savings in the production costs of shrimp farming.

Roja B1, Sasikumar R2 and Chellapandi P*3 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 23-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 183-188

Piyush Panwar*1-2 and Manisha Mathur2

1-2 Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan, India 2 Department of Botany, G. D. Girls College, Alwar - 301 001, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Multiple drug resistance in microorganisms is increasing day by day. It is imperative to search for some novel, effective, safer chemical compound that is capable of inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Plants are one of the major sources of biologically active chemical compounds. Phytochemicals and their biological activities in many plants are not fully known. Likewise nonpolar phytochemicals present in Seetzenia lanata (Willd.) Bullock has not yet been reported. The objective of the present study is to report the presence of primary metabolites, ash content, moisture content, and antimicrobial activity in Seetzenia lanata. In conjunction with that GC-MS analysis was also conducted to identify and characterize nonpolar phytochemicals in the plant. Resulting in the study reports a total of 28 phytochemicals in Seetzenia lanata for the first time. Acetone crude extract is capable to inhibit the growth of T. rubrum, M. canis, E. floccosum, P. chrysogeum, C. albicans and B. subtilis.

Piyush Panwar*1-2 and Manisha Mathur2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 189-194

Anu Augustine¹ and Geethalakshmi Sundararaman*2

1-2 Department of Biotechnology, Sree Narayana Guru College, Coimbatore - 641 105, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Since ancient times, bananas have been one of the most popular foods all across the globe. Bananas are a fantastic source of energy since they include a wide range of nutrients, including carbs, vitamins, protein, fiber, and iron. As a result, it plays a significant role in ensuring proper metabolism, cancer avoidance, immune system resilience, and healthy digestive feature. The Najalipoovan, Poovan, Etha, Palenkodan, Robesta, Chemkadali, Pachakadhali, Sundari, and Kannan are the banana cultivars that this article reviews in terms of their nutritional makeup and ability to combat cancer. This review highlights the anticancer property of Musa acuminata against human breast cancer, bone cancer and colon cancer. The natural compounds can be used for cancer treatment and for reducing the chemotherapeutic compounds causing side effects. The current application of the Musa acuminata product is potentially used in food and pharmaceutical industries and needs further studies.

Anu Augustine¹ and Geethalakshmi Sundararaman*2 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 25-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 195–199

Vaithiyanathan Selvi*1, Subramanian Arivoli2 and Samuel Tennyson3

1 Department of Microbiology, Sourashtra College, Madurai - 625 004, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore - 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Chennai - 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Seaweeds are exploited for their rich source of pharmacologically bioactive secondary metabolites and phytocompounds for anticancer properties. In the present study, the chloroform extract of Sargassum wightii was tested for antitumor activity against human liver, colon and breast cancer cells. MTT assay was adopted, and the percentage of cell viability was calculated. The inhibitory activity of Sargassum wightii chloroform extract tested at five different concentrations of treatments (25, 50, 100, 250 and 500µg/mL) with control against three different cancer cells showed significant inhibition at higher concentrations. The dose-dependent chloroform extract of Sargassum wightii inhibited cell growth inhibitions in vitro 85% of liver cancer cells (hepG2), 70% of colon cancer cells (HT-29), and 55% of breast cancer cells (MCF7) when compared with control. Cell morphology studies undertaken exhibited the presence of dead cancer cells of liver, colon and breast at the highest concentration (500µg/mL). Detailed examination are needed on the mechanisms involved in cell death, as Sargassum wightii chloroform extract was found to exhibit promising results towards anticancer property.

Vaithiyanathan Selvi*1, Subramanian Arivoli2 and Samuel Tennyson3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 200–203

Pavithran S1 and Sujatha P. S.*2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore - 641 018, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of ethanolic leaf, flower and seed extracts shows the presence of different types of compounds like terpenoids, tannins, deoxy sugars, saponins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, may contribute for the antimicrobial activity. The antibacterial study was carried out by Well diffusion method, Muller Hinton Media and Chloramphenicol (CLP) and Amoxicillin (AMX), standards were tested against different bacterial pathogens, Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis), and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by using ethanolic extract. The result revealed that the ethanolic leaf extracts 50µl inhibits Staphylococcus aureus comparable to standard II. The ethanolic flower extracts inhibits the same in standard I. Higher inhibiting activity was shown in the ethanolic seed extracts towards standard I and II.

Pavithran S1 and Sujatha P. S.*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 204–207

Smitha Revi*1, Madhu Subramanian2 and Mani Chellappan3

1-3 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture (Kerala Agricultural University), Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India

Abstract

Utilization of indigenous isolates of Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom.) has good potential for the management of plant parasitic nematodes. Nematotoxic compounds from culture filtrates of P. lilacinum have negative effect on these nematodes. This study was designed to assess the effect of culture filtrates of two indigenous endophytic entomopathogenic isolates of P. lilacinum viz., EEF 4 and EEF 64 on juveniles of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The tested fungal isolates as filtrate affected the survival of second stage juveniles at different degrees according to fungal filtrate dilution and exposure period under in vitro study. After 24 hours, significantly higher mortality of juveniles was recorded in the isolate EEF 64 (86.11%), followed by EEF 4 (75.00%) at 100% concentration. Maximum cumulative mean mortality of 72.37 per cent was observed in EEF 64 at 100% concentration, followed by EEF 4 at 100% concentration (63.92%). It can be concluded that these isolates proved to be effective against root knot nematode. Further studies are needed to explore the endophytic nature of these fungal entomopathogenic isolates against nematodes and insect pests.

Smitha Revi*1, Madhu Subramanian2 and Mani Chellappan3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 208–211

K. Usha1, T. Francis Xavier*2 and R. Sabitha3

1-2 Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, P. G. and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The antibacterial activity of Urgineaindica ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform and petroleum ether solvent extracts were tested against ten pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion method. Among the five solvents used ethanol extract exhibited greater inhibitory effect against Klebsiellaoxytoca followed by ethyl acetate, acetone and chloroform extracts against Staphylocoocuslentus, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus lentus respectively. Petroleum ether extract of the plant rhizome was not exhibited any inhibitory activity against all the tested organisms.

K. Usha1, T. Francis Xavier*2 and R. Sabitha3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 212-216

Kishor A. Sutar1, Avinash A. Raut*2 and Nasir R. Shaikh3

1-3 Department of Microbiology, Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad - 415 124, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The Phosphate Solubilization is very essential for recycling the nutrient in the nature. Phosphate is available in organic and inorganic form and its solubilization results into the availability to the plants. It is one of the plant growth promotion activities. The bacteria involved are species of Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus etc., seven isolate of phosphate solubilizing were obtained by using Katzelson and Bose medium. Soil Samples were streaked on Katzelson and Bose medium incubated at room temperature for 48 – 72 hrs. and clear zone was observed and such colony was used for further morphological, cultural and biochemical characterization. From morphological, cultural and biochemical characters studies isolate no. 2,3,7 was tentatively identified as Micrococcus lylae, Micrococcus sedentarius, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus cereus respectively and remaining isolate no. 1,4,5,6 they may be different strains of Micrococcus and Bacillus. The phosphate solubilization index of isolate 1 and 3 ranged between 2.4 to 2.6. Microbial Consortia of above isolates, we formulate the biofertilizer and it can be used for sustainable agriculture.

Kishor A. Sutar1, Avinash A. Raut*2 and Nasir R. Shaikh3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 31-Jan-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 217-220

Vishan Kumar*1-2, Manish Maheswari3 and Surbhi Mittal2

1 Department of Zoology, N. R. E. C. College (CCS, University, Meerut) Khurja - 203 131, Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Department of Zoology, Kisan P. G. College (CCS, University, Meerut) Simbhaoli - 245 207, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India 3 Department of Zoology, D. S. College, Aligarh, Raja Mahendra Pratap University, Aligarh - 202 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Khurja is a prominent industrial and commercial town in Bulandshahr district, Uttar Pradesh the two main employment and livelihood sources in Khurja are pottery and agriculture, at roughly 50% each. The pottery industry directly employs about 25,000 workers with a further 5000-7000 employed in various support services and allied activities. Other sources of employment in Khurja include trade and commerce and a very small amount of other manufacturing. Tin oxide, also known as stannic oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula SnO2. The mineral form of SnO2 is called cassiterite, and this is the main ore of tin. With many other names, this oxide of tin is an important material in tin chemistry. It is a colourless, diamagnetic, amphoteric solid. Tin oxide has long been used as an opacifier and as a white colorant in ceramic glazes. Keeping these points in view, the present study is undertaken to assess impact of pottery industry chemical tin oxide on total erythrocyte count, and hemoglobin concentration of Channa punctatus (Bloch.). The TEC and Hb. Conc. have been found to be decreased after treatment due to hematotoxic effect of tin oxide and adverse effect on hemopoietic system of fish.

Vishan Kumar*1-2, Manish Maheswari3 and Surbhi Mittal2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 221-223

Gana Shruthy M. K.*1

1 Department of Economics, M.K.K.P. Government First Grade College, Hulsoor, Bidar - 585 416, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out to study the costs and returns of small coffee growers (< 2ha) on the basis of different cost concepts. The study was conducted in Kodagu district of Karnataka state that stands first in terms of area (24 per cent of total area) and production (36.69 per cent of total production). The primary data was collected from 50 Arabica and 50 Robusta growers using snow ball sampling technique during March-June, 2020. The small growers spent about ₹121333 and ₹97768 per ha on Arabica and Robusta varieties of coffee respectively. The Total Revenue worked out to be ₹158096 in Arabica and ₹171000 per ha in Robusta. The Net Income turned out to be ₹36762 per ha in Arabica and ₹73231 per ha in Robusta, while the returns per rupee investment were found to be 1.30 and 1.75 in Arabica and Robusta respectively. Overall, it can be concluded that coffee cultivation was profitable among the small coffee growers below 2 ha. The study suggests linking MNREGA with major coffee operations and skill development training for small growers to enhance their income and coffee quality.

Gana Shruthy M. K.*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 224-230

Gyanashree Bora*1

1 Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India

Abstract

In this work, we have used sawdust, a waste biomaterial of wood working operations for the isolation of lignin in ionic liquids, without using any catalyst followed by production of vanillin from oxidative depolymerization of lignin in the ionic liquid media using oxygen. Out of the three ionic liquids used in our work, the highest lignin and vanillin yields were obtained for [OMIM][OH], followed by [BMIM][OH]. Both the lignin solubility and vanillin production were favoured by high temperature conditions and longer reaction time in [OMIM][OH]. The amount of isolated lignin was improved with the increase in concentration of the ionic liquid. However, the amount of [OMIM][OH] did not seem to affect the amount of vanillin produced. UV-Vis., FT-IR, mass spectroscopy, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the vanillin produced by our method. The antioxidant activity of the produced vanillin was evaluated by FRAP Assay and found that antioxidant activity of the produced vanillin is analogous to that of standard pure vanillin.

Gyanashree Bora*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 231-235

Sayan Mandal1 and Basudev Mandal*2

1-2 Department of Fishery Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore - 721 102, West Bengal, India

Abstract

A small indigenous species is the peppered loach, Lepidocephalichthys guntea. Between January 2021 and December 2021, a total of 261 L. guntae specimens (5.28 - 10.72 cm, 1.05 - 9.88 g) were procured for this investigation from the Fulkalmi "khal" of the Nadia district. There is a significant correlation between the relevant length-weight characteristics, with r2 values in the three categories nearing 1. Regression analysis showed that female species experienced positive allometric growth whereas male and combination species experienced negative allometric development. The b values are 2.3145 for male, 3.835 for female, and 2.8787 for the combined group. The male and combined groups' values of the Fulton's (K) and modified(K) condition factors were closer to 1, indicating that the L. guntea population in the Fulkalmi "khal" is in good health. The results of the current study will be beneficial in creating future management plans for the small indigenous species L. guntae in the Fulkalmi "khal" and other comparable bodies of water.

Sayan Mandal1 and Basudev Mandal*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 236–238

Gaurav K. Srivastava1, Bijay Singh2, Ajay Singh3, Balmukund Tiwari4, Shiv Shankar Sharma5 and Atul Kumar Srivastava6

1-3 Agro Laboratory, Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group (GEAG)-HIG First Phase 1/4, Siddharthpuram, Taramandal, Gorakhpur - 273 017, Uttar Pradesh, India 4-6 P. G. Department of Chemistry, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya - 824234, Bihar, India

Abstract

The long-term use of chemical pesticides results in contaminated water, soil and destruction of important useful soil biota as well as have very adverse effect on human health and ecosystems. Keeping in view the use of chemical pesticides, there is an urgent need to train the farmers for the production and use of an eco-friendly insect repellent to avoid the vegetables and crop toxicity. An eco-friendly and less expensive “Insect repellent” has been prepared using leaves of certain medicinal plants viz., Azadirachta indicia (Neem), Datura stramonium (Datura), Cascabela thevetia (Kaner), Calotropis gigantean (Madar), Cannabis indica (Bhang) and Allium sativum (Garlic bulbils) together with cow-urine and its impact has also been studied on plant health.

Gaurav K. Srivastava1, Bijay Singh2, Ajay Singh3, Balmukund Tiwari4, Shiv Shankar Sharma5 and Atul Kumar Srivastava6 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 239-241

Rakesh Kumar1, Singh A.2 and Chandra Sen*3

1, 3 Department of Agricultural Economics, Udai Pratap (Autonomous) College, Varanasi - 220 002, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Food Safety Officer, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

A study has been undertaken to analyze the farm economy in eastern Uttar Pradesh. An appropriate sample of small, medium and large farmers has been taken for the analysis. Size of farms, cropping pattern and cropping intensity and profitability of crops on small, medium and large farms has been examined. There is need of introducing new farm practices for improving the farm economy of eastern Uttar Pradesh. It has been observed that farmers allocate more area under food grain crops in spite of their lesser profitability than the cash crops of Potato and Sugarcane. The cropping intensity was highest on large farms followed by medium and small farms. There is need of adoption of advanced cultural practices for improving the farm economy of the study area.

Rakesh Kumar1, Singh A.2 and Chandra Sen*3 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 06-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 242–246

Waghmare Kranti*1, Ghayal Nivedita2, Shindikar Mahesh3 and Rajendra Jadhav4

1 A K Department of Biodiversity, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra, India 3 Department of Applied Science, COEP Technological University, Pune, Maharashtra, India 4 Agri- Entomology Division, Ross Life science Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Lipaphys erysimi Kalt is the most damaging pest of the mustard crop, as it affects the crop in diverse ways resulting in reducing the crop yield. In this study, invasive weeds like Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Argemone mexicana L. were used to check their insecticidal effectiveness against mustard aphid using leaf dip and film smear method in laboratory conditions. The bio-efficacy of aqueous extract of both the weeds was compared with efficiency of chemical pesticide Rogor (Dimethoate). The results revealed that, rogor showed the maximum mortality but P. hysterophorus L. showed highest efficiency than A. mexicana L. in both the bio-assays. The leaf dip method was more efficient than film smear method. The present study suggests that chemical pesticides can be replaced with bio formulations derived from these invasive weeds grown in the crop field, which indirectly can be the ecofriendly management of the invasive weeds.

Waghmare Kranti*1, Ghayal Nivedita2, Shindikar Mahesh3 and Rajendra Jadhav4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 247-262

Avik Bhanja1, Sayan Mandal2, Manas Das3, Pijush Payra4 and Basudev Mandal*5

1-3, 5 Department of Fishery Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore - 721 102, West Bengal, India 4 Department of Industrial Fish and Fisheries, Ramnagar College, East Medinipur - 721 453, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The terrific coronavirus disease first started as a locally circulating infection in 2019. The WHO characterized COVID-19 virus disease as a pandemic on 11th March, 2020. This pandemic specified as the greatest global humanitarian challenge the world had faced since the World War II. The COVID- 19 pandemic induced a total 68 days nationwide and different state wise continuous specific lockdowns in India, has a huge economic shock. It stalled the economy with complete closure imposed on enterprises across all sectors in all over the world. That overall unfavourable condition also triggered a massive reverse migration from the urban to rural areas in large parts of the country. Though in initial lockdown phases the agriculture activities were exempted, but the fisheries value chain faced large-scale disruptions. The Govt. and other organizations have taken different mitigation measures to push the sector in the previous sustainable position. Although there were huge negative impacts but the pandemic & it’s regarding lockdowns seem to have numbers of positive impact on the fisheries sectors.

Avik Bhanja1, Sayan Mandal2, Manas Das3, Pijush Payra4 and Basudev Mandal*5 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 06-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 263-267

Huda Afreen*1, Shreeya Nair2, Devanshu Murkute3 and Sailaja Allika4

1-4 Department of Biotechnology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune - 411 033, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Peanut oil is one of the healthiest oils. It is a vegetable oil that is naturally trans fat-free, cholesterol free, and low in saturated fats. Peanut consumption may improve lipid profiles without promoting weight gain. Peanut oil is used to lower cholesterol and prevent heart disease, to extract the maximum amount of oil we have experimented in varying concentrations of Ammonium sulphate in different dilutions of tertiary-butanol. Varying parameters (like temperature, pH) were analyzed using peanut purchased from the market and the peanut grown through tissue culture. The main purpose of this work was to compare the plants and to provide a method for maximum extraction of peanut oil. Peanut oil is high in unsaturated fats, especially monounsaturated fat, like olive oil. It is also a source of antioxidant, vitamin E and phytosterols, which benefit heart health. Maximum oil production was seen at room temperature having pH 7 and also found maximum in 1:1 concentration (slurry: tertiary butanol). Maximum oil was obtained at 30% ammonium sulphate concentration.

Huda Afreen*1, Shreeya Nair2, Devanshu Murkute3 and Sailaja Allika4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 268-271

Kangkana Thakur*1 and M. K. Sarma2

1 Department of Biotechnology and Engineering, Gauhati University, Gauhati - 781 014, Assam, India 2 Plant Breeding & Genetics, and Coordinator, Advanced Level Biotech Hub. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, B. N. College of Agriculture, Assam Agricultural University, Biswanath Chariali - 784 176, Assam, India

Abstract

The phenotypic characterization of traits associated directly or indirectly with grain yield is a pre requisite for plant breeding program. With an aim to improve the existing varieties with high yielding potentials this experiment was carried out to study the association of twelve yield attributing characters with grain yield and path analysis in 64 rice genotypes of North Bank Plain Zone of Assam. Character association studies indicated that direct selection of 100 grain weight, grain length, grain breadth, biological yield and harvest index, would bring about improvement in grain yield. Path analysis at genotypic and phenotypic level showed filled grains per panicle, effective tillers per plant, 100 grain weight, panicle length, days to maturity and biological yield had positive and high direct effect on grain yield respectively. Hence selection of these traits will be effective for future breeding programs that will simultaneously contribute in improvement of yield.

Kangkana Thakur*1 and M. K. Sarma2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 272–276

D. Jeevarathinam1, N. Banumathi2 and P. Muthirulan*3

1-2 Department of Chemistry, Rani Anna Government College for Women, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli - 627 008, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Chemistry, Lekshmipuram College of Arts and Science, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Neyyoor - 629 802, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

This study describes the preparation of activated carbons from fruit peel waste [Garcinia mangostane peel carbon (GMPC) and Datura stramonium peel carbon (DSPC)] and their application as adsorbents of synthetic alizarin cyanine green (ACG) dye. The different batch adsorption experiments were followed by varying the initial dye concentration, mass of adsorbent, contact time and pH of the medium. The equilibrium adsorption data of ACG dye on GMPC and DSPC were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results indicate that the Freundlich model provides the best correlation of the experimental data. The adsorption capacities of the activated GMPC and DSPC for removal of ACG dye was determined with the Langmuir equation. Adsorption data were modelled using the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion kinetics equations. It was shown that pseudo-first order kinetic equation could best describe the adsorption kinetics. The results of this work showed that indigenously prepared GMPC and DSPC are an excellent environmentally friendly adsorbent for removal of ACG dye from industrial effluents.

D. Jeevarathinam1, N. Banumathi2 and P. Muthirulan*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 277–280

M. Agalya*1 and Shakila L2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai - 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

In this study, the effects of heavy metal (Cd- Cadmium) on the growth hormone (GH) protein of Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) were analyzed. Molecular mechanics protocols are used to explore the 3D structure of the Oreochromis mossambicus and were visualized using advanced molecular visualization tools. The modelled structure was applied to a Metal protein binding server to identify the positions where the amino acids bind with the metal protein. The results clearly elucidated in a graphical manner which amino acid has a high binding affinity with the metal. The results were validated using an Insilico molecular visualization tool which clearly explains the binding positions of the 3D amino acids with Cd present in Oreochromis mossambicus. In conclusion, the molecular interaction between the growth hormone protein of tilapia was observed and it was found that the binding of Cd with the growth hormone inhibits the normal function of the growth of Tilapia. These results play a vital role in understanding the factors affecting the growth of Tilapia in the fish farming sector.

M. Agalya*1 and Shakila L2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 281–285

R. Kowsalya*1, S. Mouli2, M. Kavitha3 and S. Komagal4

1, 3-4 Department of Biochemistry, D. G. Government Arts College for Women, Mayiladuthurai - 609 001, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Arunai Medical College and Hospital, Tiruvannamalai - 606 603, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Pomegranate are a rich source of natural molecules, representing considerable biodiversity due to climate variations between the Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western regions of the country. (PMG; Punica granatum) feel possess a well-balanced phytochemical composition, and anticancer, with proven adjuvant benefits in experimental oral cancer chemotherapy; Here, traditional medicinal approaches have been used for hundreds of years. Healthy lifestyles, low levels of stress and microbial infections, and dependence on flora and herbal medicine might in combination explain why the burden of oral cancer is lower in some regions than in others, such bioactivity could be affected by PMGs. which could be related to their high content of phytochemicals. In comparison with single herb treatment, The chemical and phytochemical screening composition, antioxidant capacity, and anti-oral cancer potential [in vitro (MTT assay) in (kb) cells. However, there in vitro cytotoxicity increased sharply (from 32 ± 8.5% to 55 ± 1.9%) upon 24 h incubation with the peel extract at 50–300 µg/ml at 24 h against normal (retinal) and oral cancer (KB) cell lines. The anti-oral cancer potential of the PMG feel is phenogenotype-specific, although it could be more effective in nutraceutical formulations (concentrates). The present study is aimed at determining phytochemical constituents, the most potent high antioxidant, and wound healing activities for the methanol fraction of pomegranate, cytotoxic activities were identified for the anticancer activities of some species, such as anti-oral cancer activities and the most potent cytotoxic activities were identified for the families for a crude extract of the feel mode of treatment.

R. Kowsalya*1, S. Mouli2, M. Kavitha3 and S. Komagal4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 286–293

Rakhi B. S.1, Shyamili S. V.2, Subramaniyan S.3 and Sandhia G. S.*4

1 Department of Botany, Sree Ayyappa College for Women, Nagercoil - 629 807, Tamil Nadu, India 2-4 Post Graduate Department of Botany and Research Centre, University College, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 034, Kerala, India

Abstract

Endophytic microorganisms residing in various parts of the plants enhance the growth of the host plant by producing several bioactive compounds and are usually with no associated negative effects. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the root tubers of the medicinal plant Asparagus racemosus for assessing their plant growth promoting properties. The strains were morphologically and biochemically characterized and screened for Indole 3 acetic acid, ACC deaminase and siderophore production and phosphate solubilisation. Among the 26 strains isolated, four strains such as AR6, AR10, AR11 and AR12 were found to have multiple plant growth promoting properties and were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Priestia sp., Brucella sp. and Enterobacter sp. respectively by morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA partial gene sequence analysis. All these strains are capable of producing Indole acetic acid, ACC deaminase and siderophore while Priestia sp. and Brucella sp. have the ability to dissolve insoluble phosphate. The highest IAA concentration (310.5µg/mL) was produced by Enterobacter sp. followed by Priestia sp. and Brucella sp. and the production was also confirmed by HPLC analysis. Priestia sp. was found to produce the highest concentration of Siderophore (76.44 units) and have higher capacity to solubilise phosphate than the other strains. The highest ACC deaminase production was shown by Enterobacter sp. The present study indicates that the isolated strains may enhance the growth of the host plant as they possess multiple plant growth promoting properties.

Rakhi B. S.1, Shyamili S. V.2, Subramaniyan S.3 and Sandhia G. S.*4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 294–298

Gaurav Aggarwal*1, Anjay Singh Bisht1 and Anshu Rani Saxena2

1 School of Agricultural Studies, Quantum University, Roorkee - 247 667, Uttarakhand, India 2 Department of Botany, S.M.C.C. Government College Aburoad, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out in School of Agricultural Studies, Quantum University, Roorkee. The experimental material used during the present investigation was procured from the Industrial area of Roorkee and controlled area of Roorkee in month of March-April 2022. Roorkee has industrial area and highly loaded by air pollution while the IIT, Roorkee is a covered area and noted as less polluted area. There were 7 plant species used in investigation viz., Saraca indica, Psidium guajava, Syzygium cumini, Ficus religiosa, Citrus limon, Azadrachita indica and Mangifera indica. For the present study young leaves of the selected plants were procured on the same day of experiment and used to study leaf area, air borne particulate matter, water content in leaf sample, chlorophyll content in leaf sample, pH of selected leaf samples and ascorbic acid in selected leaves. The results showed that air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of plants is a vital parameter because it assists the assessment of plant’s tolerance to air pollution. In present study, high tolerance value of Ficus religiosa was observed and this plant can be planted near industrial areas and roadsides of Mandi Gobindgarh to mitigate air pollution. The results also showed that the plants Ficus religiosa and Mangifera indica are ranked as high tolerant plant species and are best to be planted around areas with poor air quality, since high tolerant species have ability to absorb air pollutants.

Gaurav Aggarwal*1, Anjay Singh Bisht1 and Anshu Rani Saxena2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 299–301

V. Sakthivel*1, T. Keerthana2, G. Tamilselvi3 and T. Balakrishnan4

1-4 Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Banana is the fourth most important commodity at global level next to rice, wheat and dairy products. It is the earliest fruit known to mankind and has always been an important part of the diet of millions all over the world. It could be considered as 'Poor man's apple' and it is the cheapest among all other fruits in the country. Most of the banana growers are still practicing primitive technologies in crop cultivation. This is primarily due to the reason that there is considerable gab between the technology developed on the research farms and its implementation in the banana field. The transfer of technology is a function of many development factors, training being an important one. Hence, a study was undertaken to identify the training needs of banana growers in crop cultivation. The study was taken up in Erode District of Tamil Nadu State with a sample size of one hundred and twenty growers selected based on random sampling procedure. This study revealed that majority of the respondents expressed high level of training needs for nine major subject matter areas i.e., ‘Plant protection measures’, ‘sucker treatment’, ‘bio-fertilizer application’, ‘marketing’, ‘plant growth regulators’, ‘nutrient management’, ‘micro-nutrient application’, ‘irrigation management’ and ‘weed management’.

V. Sakthivel*1, T. Keerthana2, G. Tamilselvi3 and T. Balakrishnan4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 302-304

Savita Jangde*1, Vijai Pandurangam2 and Bandana Bose3

1-3 Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop for majority of world’s populations. It is the major staple food of about two billion people (36% of the world population). Because of late sowing of wheat crop faces low temperature stress during germination stage. Seed hardening with calcium salt is one the process by which thermotolerance can be induced in seed for better germination, growth and yield. Ca2+ has been found to be involved in the regulation of responses of plants to environmental stresses. Calcium salts namely calcium chloride (CaCl2) and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) were used for present investigation. Results showed that 15mM CaCl2 was more efficient in up regulating of HSPs and other proteins during low temperature. Seeds hardened with 15mM CaCl2 can influence tolerance against cold temperature during the germination.

Savita Jangde*1, Vijai Pandurangam2 and Bandana Bose3 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 13-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 305-309

Gouri S.1, Anoop E. V.2 and Sreejith Babu*3

1 College of Climate Change and Environmental Science, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 2 Department of Forest Products and Utilization, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 3 Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India

Abstract

Dendroclimatology is the branch of dendrochronology for the reconstruction of past climate by using tree-rings as a proxy. In this study, cross-sectional discs of 3 trees in a time span of 1949 to 2012 collected from Nilambur by the College of Forestry, KAU were utilized. This study was to look at teak tree ring chronologies in Nilambur, identify the relationship between tree growth and climate, and ultimately assess the dendroclimatic potential of trees. TSAP-Win software in association with LINTAB was used to measure and cross date the ring width. ARSTAN was used to standardize tree ring data using a tool called cubic smoothing spline to remove the non-climatic signals of the series. The climate data was obtained from CRU TS V.3.21. By using PAST software, a bootstrap correlation with moving intervals was done to determine the relationship between tree growth and climate. The study used monthly rainfall and temperature as the climatic parameters. In general, rainfall showed a positive and temperature showed a negative correlation with tree growth. All chronologies exhibited desired levels of SNR and EPS which are the statistical parameters to determine the dendroclimatological potential of trees, and thus proved the site's high dendroclimatic potential.

Gouri S.1, Anoop E. V.2 and Sreejith Babu*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 310-313

C. M. Noorjahan*1 and S. Sneha2

1-2 Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Justice Basheer Ahmed Sayeed College for Women (Autonomous), Chennai - 600 018, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Plant plays an important role in discovering new therapeutic agents and have received significant focus because of their bioactive substance like antioxidants. The herbal products today are considered to be safer to human and environment. In different parts of India, several medicinal plants or their extracts are used for the treatment of various diseases. Hence the present study was carried out to determine phytochemical compounds qualitatively, to determine antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties of leaves extract of Pisonia grandis. Plant sample was collected from Thiruvattriyur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India and was authenticated by Herbal Plant Anatomy Research Centre, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Aqueous extract of leaves of P. grandis was prepared by following the standard method. The crude extract was subjected to preliminary screening to determine phytochemical compounds qualitatively. The results of the study revealed the presence of phytochemical components such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. Further the study was extended to determine the antimicrobial activity of the leaves extract of P. grandis. The bacterial strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) were used. The results of the antibacterial activity of leaves extract of P. grandis showed the maximum MIC value at 250 µg against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of the antifungal activity of leaves extract of P. grandis showed the maximum MIC value at 250 µg against Aspergillus niger and 31.2µg for Candida albicans. Antioxidant activity of the leaves extract of P. grandis was also evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging assay. The highest percentage of inhibition were 41.5% and the lowest percentage of inhibition were 5.6% in the leaves extract of P. grandis.

C. M. Noorjahan*1 and S. Sneha2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 314-318

M. Agalya*1 and Shakila L2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai - 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Oreochromis niloticus or the Nile Tilapia is a cichlid fish which is an inhabitant of North Africa and the Levante area, including Israel, and Lebanon. In this In silico research investigation, two major findings are involved. We, first, analyze the protein sequence in the growth hormone of Oreochromis niloticus in order to identify the motif regions present in the sequence. Next, we predict the 3D structure of the protein sequence and then analyze the heavy metal binding sites, particularly, Mercury (Hg) present in it. In methodology, we use NCBI database to retrieve the protein sequence of the sps. in FASTA format. The retrieved sequence was analyzed for molecular functional details (motifs) using motif and domain servers. The 3D structure was explored using automated homology modelling servers and was applied into a metal-binding identification tool. Our results clearly explain that, in the protein sequence of the growth hormone of Oreochromis niloticus, the heavy metal, Mercury, binds with the functional part along with various other regions of the protein. Hence, we strongly conclude that the non-essential heavy metal, Mercury, is directly involved in the inhibition of the growth hormone of Oreochromis niloticus. The results obtained from our study play a vital role in rescuing aquatic species from the harmful effects of heavy metals.

M. Agalya*1 and Shakila L2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 319-322

P. Ramesh*1, P. Sanjithkumar2 and V. Sakthivel3

1-3 Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Chidambaram Taluk, Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Groundnut is called as the king of oil seeds. Groundnut is major oil seed in India and it plays a major role in bridging the vegetables oil deficit in the country. It’s haulms and leaves serve as a rich source of cattle feed and raw material for preparation of silage. Groundnut shell is used as fuel for manufacturing coarse boards, cork substitutes etc. Information management is an activity of primarily increase the knowledge level of the groundnut farmers, secondly it reduces or decreases uncertainty for decision-making process and thirdly, it can serve as representation of situation. A study was undertaken to analyze the factors influencing Information Management Behaviour of groundnut growers in groundnut cultivation. The study was taken-up in Sankari and Magudanchavadi blocks of Salem district of Tamil Nadu. A sample size of 120 groundnut cultivating farmers were selected by using proportionate random sampling technique There are thirteen variables selected for this study and they were measured by using appropriate tools and techniques The study focused on the association of the characteristic variables with the information management behaviour of the respondents in groundnut cultivation. As the result of the study, out of thirteen independent variables, seven variables viz., educational status, experience in groundnut cultivation, extension agency contact, mass media exposure, innovativeness, risk orientation and scientific orientation were found to have positive and significant association with information management behaviour of groundnut growers.

P. Ramesh*1, P. Sanjithkumar2 and V. Sakthivel3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 323–334

S. Rajathi1, S. Murugesan*2, V. Ambikapathy3 and A. Panneerselvam4

1-2 Department of Botany, Periyar University, Salem - 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India 3-4 P. G. and Research Department of Botany, A. V. V. M Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24), Poondi - 613 503, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. oryzae, A. terreus, A. ustus, A. variecolor, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. funiculosum, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride were isolated from paddy field soil of Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India. Among the 11 fungal species were performed against bakanae disease causal agent of Fusarium moniliforme. According to this antagonistic activity, the Trichoderma viride were exhibited 72 percentage of inhibition radial growth against Fusarium moniliforme. The effect of culture filtrate of 5, 10, 15 and 20% of antagonistic fungi with different concentration treated against F. moniliforme. The 20% of Trichoderma harzianum were suppressed effectively than other isolated fungal species. The T. harzianum producing crude enzymes are amylase, cellulase, lipase, pectinase and protease were performed against Fusarium moniliforme by antifungal method. The protease enzyme was highly inhibited the F. moniliforme growth. Fungicide effect were also found against the pathogen. The hexaconazole fungicide were highly inhibited in the F. moniliforme growth when compared copperoxychloride fungicide. These potential fungi identified from the 18S rRNA sequence and deposited in GenBank (MW465841). The present study was determined Trichoderma harzianum was best biocontrol agent for bakanae disease causing soil borne pathogen Fusarium moniliforme in paddy field.

S. Rajathi1, S. Murugesan*2, V. Ambikapathy3 and A. Panneerselvam4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 335–340

C. Sakthivel*1, A. Thirunavukkarasu2, C. Kasilingam3 and R. Suresh4

1-4 Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem - 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The water is an essential natural resource for sustaining life and environment but over the last few decades the water quality is deteriorating due to it is over exploitation. Limestone rock mining in the district started about a decade ago to meet the requirements of the cement plants of the area. In recent years, number of cement plants and quantum of limestone mining have increased drastically leading to severe environmental problems ranging from deforestation and degradation of land to water pollution and water scarcity. This study reports the impact of limestone mining on water quality based on analyses of various physico-chemical parameters of water samples of the area and its comparison with the results of unaffected water body. The physico-chemical status of water samples from ten major part of locality in Sankari was assessing. The sampling points were selected based on their importance. The physicochemical parameter like, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), fluoride (F), nitrate (NO3) sulphates (SO4) and phosphate (PO4) of Open Well and Bore well was determined. The results were compared with standards prescribed by WHO (1973) and ISI (10500-91). It was found that the ground water was contaminated at few sampling sites namely Karumapurathanur, Sankari, ICL Colony and Kasthuripatti While the sampling sites Devannagoundanur, Chinnagoundanur, ICL Plant, Veerachipalaiyam, Sanniyasipatti and Padaiveedu showed physicochemical parameters within the water quality standards and the quality of water is good and it is fit for drinking purpose.

C. Sakthivel*1, A. Thirunavukkarasu2, C. Kasilingam3 and R. Suresh4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 341–343

Meenakshy Panicker1, Sonia John2 and Reshmi V.*1

1 Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Sree Narayana College, Cherthala, Alappuzha - 688 523, Kerala, India 2 Cashew Export Promotion Council Laboratory and Technical Division, Cashew Bhavan, Mundakkal -691001 Kollam, Kerala, India

Abstract

Revolutionary advancement in technology has resulted in an increase in food production and also there is a tremendous loss of stored food products annually due to the destruction of them by various storage pests. Thousands of plant products with insecticidal properties have been identified so far. The present study was aimed to test the efficacy of protein fractions of Pisum sativum as a potential insecticidal agent in the management and regulation of storage pest, Tribolium castaneum as well as its use as an anti-microbial agent. Purified protein fractions of three different concentrations, 0.25g, 0.5g and 1.0g repeated five times, were mixed with the 10g feed, into which five pairs of Tribolium castaneum adults from a stock culture were released. The trends in their mortality were observed over a period of 7 days. The results of the study revealed a positive relation between the concentration of protein fractions and the average mortality rate of adult pests. Biochemical analysis of the treated insects also revealed a significant reduction in their metabolic rates. Besides, promising results were also obtained on the assessment of anti-microbial properties exhibited by the same against pathogenic inoculums of Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhii and E. coli.

Meenakshy Panicker1, Sonia John2 and Reshmi V.*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 344–349

Tanzeem Azeeza S.*1

1 Ethiraj College for Women, Egmore, Chennai - 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Lion Tailed Macaque is believed to be the forebear of all Asian macaques. Wanderoo macaque is endemic to the Western Ghats and has been observed in the regions of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It draws the attention of scientists and researchers because of its K- strategy of populace growth and a unique characteristic, of evolution. This species has a very less populace and is also listed on the IUCN Red List of endangered species due to various anthropogenic activities. The Evolutionary tree helps in better understanding the behavioral personae of the macaque along with its familial history. A Phylogenetic tree has been constructed with Mega X software and the fallouts have been interpreted to apprehend the evolutionary antiquity of the macaque.

Tanzeem Azeeza S.*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 24-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 1 ; 350–352

Deepak Kumar Jha*1 and Ram Naresh Jha2

1-2 University Department of Botany, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India

Abstract

During present investigation authors collected the monotypic genus Leptosiropsis Jao from two different sites of Supaul district of North Bihar. Earlier the genus was also reported from Bihar by [5-6]. It was also reported by [5], [7] from West Bengal. Hence it is evident that it occurs frequently in some parts of eastern Bihar. Apart from Bihar it was reported from Lucknow by [2-3]. Hence distribution pattern of the genus Leptosiropsis Jao reflects its very restricted occurrence. A critical study is needed to ascertain that whether it is due to ecological factors or our poor state of exploration. Lack of plasticity in morphological characters is another point to pay attention because all specimens reported from different localities so far show very little variation in dimension or other characters. Hence a further intense study is needed to understand the nature and systematic position of this rare taxon. During the taxonomic investigations of freshwater filamentous green algae of Supaul district of North Bihar, the authors recorded a good number of Chaetophoralean algae. In this communication a rare monotypic genus Leptosiropsis (type species: L. torulosa Jao) is described and illustrated.

Deepak Kumar Jha*1 and Ram Naresh Jha2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 27-Feb-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

An International Journal

P- ISSN: 0976-1675

E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)

Volume - 14 - January-February 2023

Phenotypic and Genotypic Assessment of Rice Germplasm for Bacterial Blight Resistance

Aparna V. S.*1, Raji P.2, Sumiya K.V.3 and Vidhu Francis Palathingal4

1 College of Agriculture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 2,4 Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi - 679 306, Kerala, India 3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Palakkad - 679 306, Kerala, India

Abstract

Antibacterial Effect of the Extracts of Piper betel Linn. and Syzigium aromaticum (Linn.) Merrill and Perry to Control the Growth of Fish Pathogenic Bacteria Pseduomonas aeruginosa PKB 113 Strain

Sukanta Majumder*1 and Urmi Mitra2

1 Department of Zoology, Siliguri College, Siliguri - 734 001, West Bengal, India 2 Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata - 700 064, West Bengal, India

Abstract

An Epitome of Mycodiversity and their Genomics with Emphasis on Enzyme Screening of Coastal Soil Samples of Dhanushkodi

Manimekalai Duraimanickam1, Senthilkumar Govindarajan*2, Prakash Pandiyan3, Kanmani Asokan4, Ambikapathy Varatharajan5 and Panneerselvam Annamalai6

Abstract

Antimicrobial Activity of Various Fractions of Different Extracts from Anisomeles malabarica (L). R.Br.

N. Thavapudalvi*1, S. Vasantha2, V. Ambikapathy3, A. Panneerselvam4, P. Prakash5, A. Kanmani6 and D. Rathna7

1-4 P. G. and Research Department of Botany, A. V. V. M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Poondi, Thanjavur - 613 503, Tamil Nadu, India 5-7 Indian Biotrack Research Institute, Thanjavur - 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Morphological Characteristics of Metarhizium anisopliae and its Bioactive Compounds

N. Abdul Razak1, H. Syed Jagangir*2 and V. Ambikapathy3

Abstract

Development of Technology for Manufacture of Millet Based Chhana Cake

Hitesh Jambukiya1, Suneeta Pinto*2 and Sunil Patel3

1-2 Dairy Technology Department, SMC College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Anand - 388 110, Gujarat, India 3 Dairy Engineering Department, SMC College of Dairy Science, Kamdhenu University, Anand - 388 110, Gujarat, India

Abstract

New Records of Sirogonium KUTZING (Zygnemataceae) from Supaul District of North Bihar, India

Deepak Kumar Jha*1 and Ram Naresh Jha2

1-2 University Department of Botany, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India

Abstract

Growth and Direction of Agricultural Trade from India – An Application of Markov Chain Analysis

O. P. Singh1, Anoop M.2 and P. K. Singh*3

1-3 Department of Agricultural Economics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

New Record, Distribution, Genetic Diversity of Vermiresources and Composting Potential of Local Earthworm Species from Northern Region of India

P. Bhardwaj*1 and R. K. Sharma2

1-2 Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

Abstract

Growth and Reproductive Dynamics of Eisenia fetida during Vermicomposting of Mango Pulp Along with Fish Waste and Biofertilizers (Azospirillum, Phosphobacterium and Rhizobium)

Murugan V. C.1 and Senthilkumar D2

1-2 Department of Zoology, Kandaswami Kandars College, Velur, Namakkal - 638 182, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Assessment of Effect of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Infection on Biochemical Constituents and Enzymatic Activity of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Seeds

Suraj Sharma1, Kailash Agrawal*1-2, Sourabh Khorwal3 and Mukta Agrawal4

1,3 Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan, India 2 Department of Life Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur - 303 012, Rajasthan, India 4 Department of Home Science, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Biosynthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles from the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus

V. Shyamala*1 and N. Umamaheswari2

Abstract

Role of Pollinators in Plant Reproduction and Food Security: A Concise Review

Hemanta Saha1, Sandipan Chatterjee2 and Anirban Paul*3

1-3 Department of Botany, Suri Vidyasagar College, Suri - 731101, Birbhum, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Fungicidal Activities of Synthesized 2-Aryl-5,6-dihydro-5-thioxoimidazo-[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-6-ones derivatives

Atul Kumar Srivastava1, Shiv Shankar Sharma*2, Balmukund Tiwari3 and Ashwini Kumar4

1-4 P.G. Department of Chemistry, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya - 824 234, Bihar, India

Abstract

Effect of Biochar on Agriculture and Soil Mycorrhiza

Akanksha Kumari1, Poonam Dehariya*2 and Meena Singh3

1-3 Lab of Mushroom Biology, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Evaluation of Physico-chemical Parameters and Molluscans Diversity of Kanher Reservoir

Rekha N. Kadam*1, I. F. Pailwan2 and R. G. Patil3

1 P. G. Department of Zoology, Lal Bahaddur Shastri College, Satara - 415 002, Maharashtra, India 2 Kisanveer Mahavidhyalay, Wai, Satara - 412 803, Maharashtra, India 3 Research Director Department of Zoology Lal Bahaddur Shastri College, Satara - 415 002, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Identification of the Domain Regions and the Mutated Sites of Neuropeptide S Receptor 1 (NPSR1) and its 3D Structure Prediction Using Molecular Mechanics

Janani N1 and L. Shakila2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai - 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Leaf and Stem Extracts of Canavalia rosea

Ramakrishnan Vasanthi*1 and Vadivel Balamurugan2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Biotechnology, Sri Vinayaga College of Arts and Science, (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Ulundurpet - 606 107, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Price Behavior and Forecasting of Soybean Prices in Bidar and Dharwad Markets of Karnataka State

Murulidhar M. Venkannanavara*1 and N. M. Kerur2

Abstract

Mechanism of PGPR Concerning Nanobiotechnological Advances Acting as a Suppressor for Phytopathogens

Prajakta Y. Pachorkar*1 and Vaishnavi Pawar2