Issues

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 01–08

Motlatsi Eric Morojele*1 and Mankotseng Shale2

1-2 Plant Genetics and Breeding, The National University of Lesotho, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, P. O. Roma, 180, Lesotho, Southern Africa

Abstract

In Lesotho, wheat productivity is low because of the negative impact of various biotic and abiotic stresses. Aluminum toxicity is one of the major causes of low productivity necessitating corrective measures. To address this challenge, wheat genotypes tolerant under these conditions could be a remedy. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify wheat genotypes tolerant to Aluminum toxicity, (2) rank wheat genotypes according to their tolerance to Aluminum toxicity. The laboratory experiment was undertaken at the National University of Lesotho, Department of Crop Science. Factorial design was applied with factor A genotypes and factor B Aluminum chloride concentrations. Completely Randomized Design was used to set up experiment. There were 41 treatments with four replications. Three Aluminum concentrations (0.000, 0.014, and 0.027 gL-1 Alcl) were used to irrigate specific set of wheat genotypes placed in petri dishes incubated in the growth chamber. Haematoxylin stain was prepared a day before measuring initial root length which was in day 4, after which seedlings were re-grown in a plastic bowl in a growth chamber. Root re-growth was re-measured after day 6 of germination. Microscope was used to observe the intensity of stain. To score the intensity of staining, arbitrary scale of 0 to 4 was used. The absence of color was assigned 0 and maximum staining was 4. Hematoxylins staining of root apices were performed after 48h exposure to Alcl. Data generated were analyzed using Genstat 16 software to perform analysis of variance and mean separation. Results of analysis of variance revealed that there was a highly significant difference (P < 0.01) among the genotypes, concentrations and their interactions. Wheat genotypes most tolerant to Aluminum toxicity were SST 843 and SST 317.

Motlatsi Eric Morojele*1 and Mankotseng Shale2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 09–15

Arjumand John1, Junaid Bashir*2, Sajad Hussain Parey2, Sajad A. Ganie3 and Parveena Bano4

1, 3 Department of Zoology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara - 144 402, Jalandhar, Punjab, India 2 Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar - 190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India 2-4 Division of Entomology, Sheri-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences, Shalimar -190 025, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract

The Himalayas are the world's highest mountain range, and its biodiversity has attracted researchers' curiosity. Regarding the variety of plants with special reference to pollination, insect pollinators are the major focus of research. The Pir Panjal range is a collection of mountains in the lower Himalayan area home to a diverse range of wildlife, including insect pollinators. Therefore, an investigation was conducted in Pir Panjal Biodiversity Park, the Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University (BGSBU), Rajouri, and Jammu and Kashmir, to develop a list of insect pollinators in the study area for future reference. Consequently, we identified 25 species of insect pollinators that were seasonal in nature, with Hymenoptera having the most insect pollinators. In contrast, insect orders like Diptera and Lepidoptera had the least number of species observed. Basically, any change in landscape, land use pattern, or deforestation will have an adverse effect on insect pollinators when it comes to species diversity richness. The loss of endemism and the extinction of species, especially floral variety, may influence the diversity of pollinating insects. As a result, altering the vegetation mix around a study site may help to preserve pollinators.

Arjumand John1, Junaid Bashir*2, Sajad Hussain Parey2, Sajad A. Ganie3 and Parveena Bano4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 16-23

Halesha J. H*1 and Prakash K. L2

1-2 Department of Environment Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India

Abstract

An attempt was made to assess the quality and suitability of 60 selected bore well waters in Harihara taluk of Davanagere district of Karnataka, India during pre-monsoon season (April 2022). As per Piper trilinear diagram, 40 % of the samples belong to Ca-Mg-HCO3, 21.7 % to Na-K-HCO3 type, 20 % to Na-K-Cl-SO4 type and 18.3% to Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 type. HCA yielded four clusters of samples, of which cluster 1 and cluster 2 samples includes the largest numbers of wells accounting for 41.7 and 31.7 % of samples. The samples under these were characterised by the highest salinity, TDS, total hardness, total alkalinity, nitrate, bicarbonate, and sodium levels. Higher salinity and TDS problem are predominant in the study area as 71.67 and 78.34 % of the samples witnessed electrical conductivity and TDS beyond 1000 µS/cm and 500 mg/L respectively. The groundwater samples were also hard to very in nature as the total hardness in 90% of samples was beyond 200 mg/L and fluoride exceeded 1.0 mg/L in 53.33% of the samples. USDA classification indicated that 76.67% of the samples belong to C3S1 and C3S2 categories, indicating the high salinity-low sodium hazard and high salinity-moderate sodium hazard nature of the groundwater.

Halesha J. H*1 and Prakash K. L2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 24–30

Mintu Adhikary*1 and Soumitra Sarkar2

1-2 Department of Commerce, University of North Bengal Raja Rammohunpur, District Darjeeling - 734 013, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to study the integration and price transmission amongst the major rice centres of India in both its wholesale and retail markets, using monthly data for the period of 2014 to 2023. To achieve the objective various statistical tools like the unit root test, the Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality test is used. The results reveal the presence of long-run cointegration in both the wholesale and retail prices amongst the eight selected markets. The results of the causality test show presence of bidirectional causality among Kolkata & Mumbai in the wholesale market and Chennai & Visakhapatnam in both the wholesale and retail market segments. Furthermore, the analysis reveals Visakhapatnam, Kolkata, Chennai, and Ludhiana as pricing leaders, highlighting their importance in price discovery. On the other hand, markets like Lucknow and Patna demonstrate lagged responsiveness, underscoring potential weaknesses in transmission from surplus to deficit regions. The study provides evidence of multilateral integration across major rice markets of India.

Mintu Adhikary*1 and Soumitra Sarkar2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 31–37

Saurabh Sharma*1, K. K. Jha2 and Bidyapati Thangjam3

1-3 Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Nagaland University, School of Agricultural Science, Medziphema Campus - 797 103, Nagaland, India

Abstract

Digital India marks the start of a digital revolution, envisioned by the Indian government. The goal is to make government services accessible to citizens through digitally means, even in urban and rural areas. These key factors involve improve digital infrastructure and increasing internet connectivity in remote area. The primary objective of the program is to propel the nation forward in both digital and economic aspects. By fostering innovation, the initiative aims to engage people in processes crucial for economic advancement. However, implementing this vision poses significant challenges, including digital illiteracy, inadequate infrastructure, slow internet speeds, lack of coordination among departments, and taxation issues. Overcoming these hurdles is essential to unlock the program with full potential. Successful implementation demands concerted efforts and commitment from both government and private sector industries for the societies. If executed effectively, Digital India has the potential to create numerous opportunities for the nation building.

Saurabh Sharma*1, K. K. Jha2 and Bidyapati Thangjam3 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 04-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 38–44

Shakena Fathima T.1, Asraf Sithikka M. R.2, Fayaazuddin T.1, Dhanasekaran D.1, Muralitharan G.*1 and Thajuddin N.3

1 National Repository of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria-Freshwater and Marine (NRMC-F&M), Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India 2 School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India 3 B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Vandalur, Chennai - 600 048, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Blue green algae, or cyanobacteria, evolved over millions of centuries to withstand a wide range of conditions, including extremes in pH, salinity and temperature. Because of their diverse morphology and the presence of comparable phenotypic traits with variances in genotypic features, cyanobacteria can be difficult to identify. The most common issues with cyanobacterial identification are as follows: (1) morphological variation within the same taxa can vary in both natural and the lab conditions; (2) taxonomic modifications are common due to the constantly changing classification of cyanobacteria; (3) cryptic species exhibit morphological similarity but genetic distinctness; (4) cyanobacterial growth is impacted by environmental factors such as light, temperature, and pH, leading to phenotypic variations and absence of extensive reference materials. This study investigated the technique of utilizing 16S rRNA CYA primer to figure out the genetic links between twelve isolates of Oscillatoria and 8 Nostoc strains of cyanobacteria. Their phylogenetic tree, in silico restriction digestion analysis, and secondary structure prediction were used to estimate the taxonomic resolution. By using their genotypic and phenotypic differences, these techniques made it possible to discriminate between different cyanobacterial genera.

Shakena Fathima T.1, Asraf Sithikka M. R.2, Fayaazuddin T.1, Dhanasekaran D.1, Muralitharan G.*1 and Thajuddin N.3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 45–48

Melisha Khatun*1, Saddam Hossain Mondal2 and Ayanangshu Sarkar3

1 Department of Economics, Aliah University, Kolkata - 700 160, West Bengal, India 2-3 Department of Economics, Heramba Chandra College, Kolkata - 700 029, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Agriculture is the main pillar of the Indian economy. We have estimated the growth rates of different agricultural crop production in West Bengal during 2000-11 to 2020-21. The secondary data on area, production and productivity of the selected crops are collected from the Ministry of Agriculture, EPWRF and different issues of Statistical Abstract of West Bengal. The growth rates of the area, production and productivity of the selected crops are estimated by using the exponential trend equation. The patterns of cropping diversification have been estimated by the using Simpson Diversification Index (SDI). The production growth rates in few high valued food crops, horticultural crops and commercial crops are significantly positive but most of the food crops are found to have an either negative or insignificant growth over the study period in the state. The production growth rates are significantly negative due to mainly negative area growth in the state. The Simpson Diversification Index score also represents that the cropping pattern of horticultural crops, oilseed and high valued food crops concentrate to its own group over the study period. The score of the index decreases over the study period. The cultivation of the traditional food crops and other traditional crops significantly decreased over the study period which means the index value of these crops significantly increased over the period.

Melisha Khatun*1, Saddam Hossain Mondal2 and Ayanangshu Sarkar3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 49–54

Amal Janardhanan1 and Sudha Govindan*2

1-2 Department of Biochemistry, School of Bioscience, Periyar University, Salem - 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The aim of this research work was to isolate polysaccharide from edible mushroom Pleurotus eous and to find out its preliminary structural characterization and in vitro antioxidant activities. The crude polysaccharides from Pleurotus eous were isolated by using hot water extraction. The chemical composition analysis, and FT-IR analysis were then used to determine the physicochemical parameters and the functional groups of Pleurotus eous polysaccharide (PEP) respectively. The antioxidant activities were also investigated using several methods, such as the DPPH assay, ABTS assay, FRAP assay and β-bleaching assay. Surface morphology and crystallinity of PEP was detected using Scanning Electron Microscopy and XRD respectively. Furthermore, the triple helical structure of PEP was determined using Congored Assay. Chemical composition of PEP such as carbohydrate content (76.23%), reducing sugar (6.13%), uronic acid and sulphate content were 6.7% and 4.1% respectively. Protein content of PEP was 6.43%. PEP showed strong antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner according to the antioxidant experiments. DPPH scavenging activity (50.73%). ABTS (51.55%), FRAP (1.91 mg\mL) Β-carotene Assay (54.76%). The finding suggested that hot water extraction could be useful method for producing polysaccharides with greater antioxidant properties, potentially enhancing application in functional foods and medicine industry.

Amal Janardhanan1 and Sudha Govindan*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 55–59

Semmalar R*1 and Venkatalakshmi S.2

1-2 Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchiraplli, Tamil Nanu), Kumbakonam, Thanjavur - 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Crustaceans have developed a mechanism to detect and eliminate harmful microorganisms in a microbe-rich aquatic environment. This research delves into the observation of hemocytes in Calonoid copepods, which is a pioneering study according to the literature review. The hemolymph of zooplankton was isolated using centrifugation and homogenization techniques, and hemocytes were identified by staining them with eosin dye and examining them under a trinocular light microscope. Hemocytes were classified into groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules, and three types of hemocytes were identified: granulocytes, semi-granulocytes, and hyalinocytes. Hemocyte total and differential counts were conducted using a Neubaur counting device. The results showed that T2 (0.025%) had 90 cells per ml of hemolymph, with 44% of these being hyalinocytes, 30% granulocytes, and 26% semi-granulocytes.

Semmalar R*1 and Venkatalakshmi S.2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 60–67

Vijayalakshmi K.1 and Senthilkumar G.*2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Microbiology, AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur (District), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24), Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Phosphate solubilizing bacteria plays a significant role in converting insoluble form of phosphorus into soluble form which can be utilized by the plants and possess many plants growth promoting traits. Eighty-six efficient phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Tephrosia purpurea L (A medicinal plant and a green manure crop belongs to family Fabaceae known as Sharpunkha) from different districts in Tamil Nadu. Out of 86 strains based on the highest phosphate solubilization four strains SS2, SS5, SS7 and SS11were identified and screened for multifarious PGPR traits (Phosphate solubilization, phosphate solubilizing index, determining pH change of the medium, production of siderophore, IAA, gibberellin, ammonia, HCN and Nitrogen fixation) and extracellular enzyme activities (protease, amylase, catalase, cellulase and ACC deaminase). All the four strains showed positive for the PGPR and extracellular enzyme activities. From the biochemical tests (IMViC, H2S production, nitrate reduction, Urea, Gelatin and casein hydrolysis) and 16SrRNA sequencing the isolates were identified as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila_SS2, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila_SS5, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila_SS7, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila_SS11 (GenBank Accession no OM131765, OM131766, OM131767, OM13178) respectively. The studies on the efficient four strains conclude that these strains possess the plant growth promoting traits and produces extracellular enzymes can be used as an efficient bioinoculants.

Vijayalakshmi K.1 and Senthilkumar G.*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 68–71

Rajni Goyal*1 and Neelam Khetarpaul2

1-2 Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India 1 Home Science Department, Institute of Integrated and Honors Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra - 136 119, Haryana, India

Abstract

Probiotics refer to live micro-organisms which provide health benefits to the host organism by improving the microflora of human digestive system. Probiotics are mainly lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In the present study, the culture of probiotic micro-organism Lactobacillus acidophilus (NCDC-16) was used to develop probiotic butter milk. The organoleptic acceptability was assessed using 9-point hedonic scale. Probiotic butter milk was evaluated for nutritional parameters. The sensory evaluation scores revealed that probiotic butter milk has significantly higher scores as compared to control. A significant increase in total lysine content and in vitro protein digestibility was observed in probiotic butter milk. Probiotic buttermilk exhibited 62.66, 39.39 and 46.45 per cent in vitro availability of calcium, iron and zinc, respectively which was significantly higher than control. Development and consumption of such complementary probiotic food can go a long way in improving the nutritional status of infants and children especially those suffering from malnutrition.

Rajni Goyal*1 and Neelam Khetarpaul2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 72–73

T. C. Patil*1, G. K. Sontakke2 and S. S. Desai3

1-3 Department of Zoology, Vivekanand College (Empowered Autonomous), Kolhapur - 416 003, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The present investigation is about the effect of MnSO4 on angiogenesis in chick embryos, Angiogenesis is the development of new blood vessels from the preceding small blood vessels about cell proliferation, the required numbers of eggs were collected from a backyard poultry farm located at Kaneri, Tal- Karveer. The eggs were placed in an incubator for incubation as per experimental design. The stock solution MnSO4 was prepared in 1mg/ml concentration. To study the effect eggs were kept in two groups, the first group kept as a control group and the second group as an experimental group. The experimental group was injected with manganese sulphate solution after 48 h of incubation of eggs. In the experimental group, the eggs were numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. Egg 1 was incubated up to 72 h. Egg 2 was incubated up to 96 h and Egg 3 was incubated up to 120 h. After the incubation control and experimental group eggs were observed and compared. It is observed in the experimental group that there was an insignificant reduction in the weight of the chick embryo at 72 h and 96 h after treatment with manganese sulphate as compared to the weight of the chick embryo in the control group. The MnSO4 can induce toxic interaction which can highly reduce the angiogenesis in the chick embryo. It can be concluded that MnSO4 can induce toxic interaction which can highly reduce the viability of the embryo. Though it is used in Poultry feed as important nutrition it may causes toxic effects in the embryonic development of chick.

T. C. Patil*1, G. K. Sontakke2 and S. S. Desai3 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 09-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 74–77

R. Reshman Manikandan*1 and T. Srinivasan2

1-2 Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Kelambakkam - 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The presence of hydrocarbon contaminants in the environment can cause significant damage. One environmentally friendly method of reducing such contaminants is through bacterial bioremediation. Although many leaf colonizing bacteria are known to produce surfactants, their potential for remediating hydrocarbon contamination has not been explored. Therefore, the purpose is to investigate whether surfactants produced by leaf colonizing bacteria could improve the degradation of hydrocarbons. Leaves possess a cuticle that consists of lengthy and extremely long chain hydrocarbons. Moreover, cyclic hydrocarbons may also be present. Epiphytic bacteria commonly found on leaves, have the potential to adapt and utilize these cuticle hydrocarbons. To investigate this, we conducted experiments to assess the capacity of various phylogenetically distinct epiphytic bacteria to grow and thrive on diesel and petroleum benzine. we collected sample from 5 different places Consequently, our findings suggest a widespread prevalence of hydrocarbon degradation and surfactant production in epiphytic bacteria. However, it remains uncertain whether epiphytic bacteria employ hydrocarbons derived from the cuticle of living leaves. The application of surfactant producing and hydrocarbon utilizing epiphytic bacteria holds promise as a potential method for hydrocarbon bioremediation.

R. Reshman Manikandan*1 and T. Srinivasan2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 78–83

Qazi Mohammad Sharique Saleem1 and Abhishek Kumar Singh*2

1-2 Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow - 226 026, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The Primary objective of this study is to determine the nature of rights privileged to Indian farmers in accordance with FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1989) resolutions. This paper surveys the issues related to rights privileged to the farmers and registration of experimented and produced new crop varieties to gain the benefits announced by the Government under the said Act. For the current study total of 27 different sources are utilized to gather information regarding farmers’ rights and the protection of plant varieties However, several issues pertaining to registering varieties by farmers are found during the survey which need core attention by the Government for a better future for both entities. Further, our study is limited to analyzing the data due to the unavailability of information regarding the use of farmer’s varieties, and their role in the agriculture sector. It is further revealed that efforts are required to measure the problems and other evaluation matrixes in examining plant variety protection mechanisms in the agriculture sector. In rural India, there are issues regarding the harmonies of the new system linked either economically or politically with the legislation and also among the people working in the agriculture sector.

Qazi Mohammad Sharique Saleem1 and Abhishek Kumar Singh*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 84–86

Lobzang Stanzen*1 and Banarsi Lal2

1-2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (SKUAST-Jammu), Tanda, Reasi - 182 301, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract

An experiment entitled “Effect of different date of sowing on growth and yield of Maize Varieties” was conducted at Research Farm of KVK Reasi, during kharif 2022. The soil of experiment site was sandy clay loam in texture with the pH-7.02, high in organic carbon, high in available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The treatments consisted of three different sowing dates (10th June (D1), 20th June (D2) and 30th June (D3)) and three varieties, Double Dekalb (V1), Kanchan-612 (V2) and PROAGRO-4794 (V3)) were taken. The experiments were laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications and spacing of 60 x 20 cm. The crop was fertilized with 60 kg N, 40 kg P and 20 kg/ha through urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and muriate of potash (MOP) respectively. The data showed significant effects of different sowing time. The highest grain yield was obtained from 10th June sowing date 39.6 q ha-1 which was at par with 20th June sowing date 37.8 q ha-1. Whereas, among the different varieties, Double Dekalb recorded highest grain yield 38.4 q ha-1 which was followed by PROAGRO-4794.

Lobzang Stanzen*1 and Banarsi Lal2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 87–89

T. S. Lachyan*1, Jayalekshmy V. G2 and Arya Gopinath M. P3

1-3 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India

Abstract

The present investigation was undertaken to identify a maintainer line for a cytoplasmic male sterile line among the four local and high yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Kerala. A CMS line of rice having wild abortive (WA) cytoplasmic male sterility source was crossed with four genotypes. The hybrids were subjected to pollen and spikelet fertility analysis. Among the four hybrids, one hybrid was expressed as maintainer, two as partial restorers (PM) and one as Partial restorer (PR). The identified maintainer line is most popular and high yielding rice variety of Kerala, it is widely accepted because of its superior grain quality and sterile version of this variety would be of great use in the development of rice hybrids in Kerala.

T. S. Lachyan*1, Jayalekshmy V. G2 and Arya Gopinath M. P3 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 12-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 90–92

P. R. Patel1, N. V. Patel2, P. M. Patel3 and M. P. Patel4

1-4 Pulses Research Station, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar- 385 506, Gujarat, India

Abstract

The study was carried out during kharif and summer seasons in different villages of Banaskantha, Sabarkantha, Gandhinagar, Ahmadabad and Surendranagar district of Gujarat during 2020-2021 to 2022-23. All 450 demonstrations on pigeon pea, green gram, cowpea, cluster bean and moth bean crops were carried out in area of 180 ha by the active participation of farmers with the objective to demonstrate the improved technologies of pulses production potential. The improved technologies included use of new variety and full package of practices i.e. seed treatment with rhizobium and PSB culture, fertilizer management, weed management and insect pest management. FLD plot recorded higher yield as compared to farmer’s local practice. The mean data revealed that an average yield recorded was 10.89q/ha under demonstrated plots as compare to farmers practices 9.15 q/ha. In spite of increase in yield of pulse, technology gap, extension gap and technology index existed. The improved technologies gave higher gross return, net return with higher benefit cost ratio as compare to farmer’s practice.

P. R. Patel1, N. V. Patel2, P. M. Patel3 and M. P. Patel4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 93–99

G. Shamili*1 and G. Santhi2

1-2 Department of Botany, Kunthavai Naacchiyaar Government Arts College for Women, Thanjavur, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The fast-paced development of nanomaterial production has enhanced the application of silver (Ag) in a wide variety field. We prepared silver nanoparticles using Justicia gendarussa leaf extract. The green synthesis process reports ecofriendly, nontoxic, cost effective and simple approach to the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. Leaf extract of Justicia gendarussa acts as capping as well as stabilizing agent. The average crystalline size of the XRD pattern is estimated to be 20.34nm. FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectra confirm the existence of Ag NPs. The UV-Visible spectrum exhibits absorption peak range of between 420nm. SEM and TEM technique. Structural analysis for silver nanofibers reveals. The antimicrobial activity of silver NPs was tested for bacteria and fungi by disc diffusion method.

G. Shamili*1 and G. Santhi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 100–108

N. Chandrakala*1 and J. Eswari2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Kunthavai Naacchiyaar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Thanjavur - 613 007, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The physico chemical and microbial analysis of the lake water of Vaduvur bird sanctuary was carried out during the period of pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon periods. The study revealed that the levels were found to be higher during the pre-monsoon and post monsoon period. but the statistical analysis revealed that it was found to be insignificant (p<0.05). The microbial analysis revealed that during monsoon period it was found to be higher bacterial count, among the bacteria observed the vibrio counts were found to be less but other heterotrophic bacteria were found to be higher. Avifaunal diversity status and abundance of Vaduvur bird sanctuary is composed of small man-made reservoirs interconnected by an ancient network of canals and fed by the Vennaru reservoir, in the semi-arid district of Thiruvarur. The Vaduvur Lake in Tamil Nadu, India, is one such wetland that is home to a diverse range of migratory and resident birds. Despite the fact that this lake has just been designated as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by the Indian Bird Conservation Network, no attempt has been made to research it or the avifaunal species that rely on it. Thus, the water of reservoir is favorable for faunal diversity, rich in dissolved oxygen and supports variety of aquatic weeds and fishes, it has been found to be suitable habitat for bird fauna. Acacia nilotica (planted), Prosopis chilensis, Azadirachta indica, and Tamarindus indica comprised the vegetation in and around the lake. The prime breeding habitat was produced naturally.

N. Chandrakala*1 and J. Eswari2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 109–121

L. S. Raut*1 S. M. Dalvi2 and R. R. Rakh3

1 Department of Microbiology, Sant Tukaram College of Arts and Science, Parbhani - 431401, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Buddhiswami Mahavidyalaya, Purna - 431 511, Maharashtra, India 3 Department of Botany, Shri Guru Buddhiswami Mahavidyalaya, Purna - 431 511, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov), is a major threat to Bt cotton production worldwide. It can lead to significant yield losses and economic damage. While chemical fungicides have been the traditional method for control, concerns about their environmental and human health impacts have led to increased interest in biocontrol methods. The rhizosphere of plants has often been utilized as a remarkable source for discovering microbial control agents. Keeping this approach in mind, the 45 rhizospheric isolates obtained from a healthy cotton rhizosphere were evaluated against the phytopathogen Fusarium wilt of Bt cotton by the dual culture technique. One isolate, RLS19, exhibited promising antifungal activity, suppressing the fungal growth by 89.71% compared to the control. This rhizospheric isolate was identified by using 16S ribosomal RNA gene partial sequencing, and the blast algorithm showed 100% closest phylogenetic affiliation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens RLS19. The isolate produced volatile metabolites in a closed environment that inhibited the fungal growth by 61.29% which suggests that it releases gaseous compounds that can diffuse through the air and directly harm the pathogen. The cell-free culture filtrate of the isolate also inhibited the fungal growth by 53.13% in an agar well diffusion assay that represented the secretion of non-volatile antifungal compounds that can diffuse through the culture medium and inhibited the pathogen's growth. Siderophore produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens RLS19 isolate on CAS agar plate showed a change in color of the medium from blue to orange or purple. The siderophore production in the liquid CAS assay of the cell-free culture filtrate was (93.20%) siderophore units, and the optimal harvesting time from the fermentation broth was between 60-72 hours. The isolate Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens RLS19 was also found effective in secreting the chitinase and protease enzymes, which contributed significantly to killing the phytopathogen in in vitro conditions. With its multiple potentialities, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. amyloliquefaciens strain RLS19 holds great promise as an excellent natural arsenal for biocontrol and plant growth promotion in managing Fusarium wilt in Bt cotton, serving as an alternative to chemical fungicides.

L. S. Raut*1 S. M. Dalvi2 and R. R. Rakh3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 122–126

Mary Chiindeihkim Simte*1 and N. Tejmani Singh2

1-2 Department of Commerce, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur - 795 003, India

Abstract

India's agriculture sector is a vital part of the country's GDP, providing livelihoods for 55% of its population. However, challenges like price volatility, climate risks, and small and vulnerable farmers persist. The present study employs a qualitative theoretical research technique and utilizes secondary data to examine the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the collapse of the agriculture business. The study specifically focuses on the top twenty Indian corporations that contribute to rural development and agriculture. A five-point plan has been proposed to improve farmer incomes, generate rural employment, mitigate production and price risks, and develop agricultural infrastructure through public-private partnerships. Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) involvement is crucial in addressing these issues. The study highlights that the CSR initiatives in India focus on sustainable practices, farmer welfare, technology dissemination, fair market access, community development, environmental conservation, women's empowerment, and collaborations. By investing in sustainable practices, companies can boost crop yields, increase farmers' income, reduce poverty, and support education and healthcare initiatives in rural areas. Mandatory CSR expenditure in agriculture could help address bottlenecks and improve infrastructure. State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) and private agribusiness firms and NGOs should partner with SAUs in implementing CSR initiatives for agricultural development.

Mary Chiindeihkim Simte*1 and N. Tejmani Singh2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 127–131

Subair M. P.1, Jobiraj T.2, Mohamed Shamsudin*1 and Joseph Antony Jerald I1

1 Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Government College, Kodanchery, Kozhikode District, Kerala, India

Abstract

The floral and faunal communities in forest landscapes are impacted by anthropogenic activities, which in turn affects the biodiversity of the ecosystem. Using the point count sampling (PCS) approach, a survey was carried out at Thonikkadavu water reservoir - 20 distinct sample locations in March and April of 2017–2019, during the spring migration bird season. Throughout the study period, 74 distinct bird species which belongs to the order Accipitriformes, Anseriformes, Apodiformes, Bucerotiformes, Charadriiformes, Ciconiiformes, Columbiformes, Coraciiformes and Cuculiformes, Pelecaniformes, Gruiformes, Passeriformes, Piciformes, Suliformes and Psittaciformes. Among the 74 bird species, 70 species belong to least concern (LC) status whereas one species Sterna aurantia (River Tern) belongs to vulnerable (VU) conservation status whereas three species such as Threskiornis melanocephalus (Black-headed Ibis), Anhinga melanogaster (Oriental Darter) and Ciconia episcopus (Woolly-necked Stork) belongs to the nearly threatened (NT) conservation status.

Subair M. P.1, Jobiraj T.2, Mohamed Shamsudin*1 and Joseph Antony Jerald I1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 132–136

S. A. Gaikwad*1, S. P. Nalawade2 and A. M. Momin3

1 Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara - 415 001, Maharashtra, India 2 D. P. Bhosale College, Koregaon, Satara - 415 501, Maharashtra, India 3 Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidyalaya, Ramanandnagar (Burli) - 416 308, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest having a large host range and it causes, economic damage to crops such as soybean, groundnut, cotton, marigold, tomato, cauliflower, sweet potato, etc. Generally, synthetic or chemical pesticides are used to control this pest but extensive use of these pesticides results in the development of resistance in this pest and synthetic pesticides adversely affect the non-targeted organisms, the yield of the crop, and human health. Therefore, it is essential to find natural pesticide which is environmentally safe. Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are the producers of secondary metabolites with toxic properties known as cyanotoxins and these secondary metabolites are the source of natural pesticides. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) to explore their larvicidal activity against larval instars of Spodoptera litura. The algal extract obtained from cyanobacteria was tested against the different instars of Spodoptera litura.

S. A. Gaikwad*1, S. P. Nalawade2 and A. M. Momin3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 137–139

Abdulrahman E. M. Basha*1 and Sahera Nasreen2

1 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad - 431 004, Maharashtra, India 2 Institute of Science, Nagpur - 440 001, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Fagonia indica is a precious medicinal plant. It is distributed in very limited areas of Maharashtra due to an inability to adapt, leading to a decrease in dispersal being the xerophytic plant. This is the first report to address ex-vitro seed germination. In the present study, seeds were planted at a depth of 1 cm in seed trays filled with coca-beat soil. The sown process was carried out monthly during 2020 and 2021. Only 30 of 376 seeds of F. indica germinated (8.0%). Depending on the seasons as a parameter, the highest germination rate was 12.4% during the rainy season compared to other seasons. It was attributed to the heavy rain, cloudy skies, and high moisture. Although the rainy season provides favourite conditions for fast germination, however, the period required for the germination of plantlets of Fagonia indica during the same season and summer season were 12.3 and 11.0 days respectively; while the winter season was shorter, lasting only 6 days. The other parameter addressed was the dormancy period and its effect on seed germination as the year (365 days) was divided into four periods. The third period (90 to 180 days) achieved a higher seed germination rate (18.6%) compared with other periods. There is no significant difference in the germination time of plantlets across the different periods. The natural germination behaviour of Fagonia indica showed more ability to germinate in the rainy season compared with winter or summer. The seeds of F. indica gave the highest germination rate by seeds that rested between 90 to 180 days.

Abdulrahman E. M. Basha*1 and Sahera Nasreen2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 19-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 140–144

N. Chandrakala*1 and P. Parameswari2

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Kunthavai Naacchiyaar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur - 613 007, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Aquaculture plays an important role in generation of farmers income. Asia and pacific represents the most important region for fisheries and Aquaculture production an attempt has been made to study the growth performance of and enzyme profile of Labeo rohita. The study revealed that the supplement diet fed with Labeo rohita showed significant increase in the growth and enzyme status.

N. Chandrakala*1 and P. Parameswari2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 145–148

G. Shamili*1 and G. Santhi2

1-2 Department of Botany, Kunthavai Naacchiyaar Government Arts College for Women, Thanjavur, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The present study was aimed to evaluate the in-vitro anti-arthritic activity of Justicia gendarussa leaves extract and silver nanoparticle synthesis Justicia gendarussa leaves extract (AgNPs) of using inhibition of protein denaturation model and human red blood cell Membrane stabilization model. Diclofenac sodium was used as a standard drug. Results revealed that the Justicia gendarussa leaves extract and AgNPs at different concentrations possessed significant anti-arthritic activity as compared to standard drug. The results obtained in the present investigation Indicate that AgNPs showed anti-arthritic activity.

G. Shamili*1 and G. Santhi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 149–152

R. Janani1, R. Amutha*2 and D. Jegadeeshkumar3

1 Department of Microbiology, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Women, Namakkal - 637 205, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University PG Extension Center, Dharmapuri - 636 701, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Chromopark Life Science, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the potential of microorganisms to degrade plastic waste while also promoting plant growth in plastic landfills. The study isolated soil bacteria, specifically Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus spp., from the landfill in the Namakkal area using the clear zone and weight loss methods. Successive enrichment using LDPE as the sole carbon source resulted in 22 bacterial isolates, seven of which displayed a clear zone of inhibition for polyethylene glycol (PEG) degradation, while five showed inhibition zones for plastic powder degradation. The highest degradation rate was observed in IS14 (45.9 ± 1.11%), followed by IS9 (41.66 ± 1.41%). Additionally, IS14 exhibited positive results for phosphate solubilization, N2 fixation, ammonia production, siderophores production, and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production. The 16s rRNA sequencing confirmed IS19 as Pseudomonas stutzeri. Overall, this study highlights the potential of plant growth-promoting factors derived from plastic-degrading isolates for sustainable agriculture and environmental remediation, though further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms behind these activities.

R. Janani1, R. Amutha*2 and D. Jegadeeshkumar3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 153–158

Purma Rishitha*1 and Damini Soni2

1-2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, NIMS Institute of Nutrition and Public Health, NIMS University, Jaipur - 302 131, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Millets which are considered superfoods have high nutritious worth when contrasted with different cereals. Finger millet, which is otherwise called ragi in India possesses a greater part of the area under development and is created in enormous sums, particularly in South India which serves as a principal food for many rural populations. Ragi contains high nutritional contents and has more advantages as an endurance crop when compared with other cereals along with numerous essential amino acids. Because of its high dietary nutritional content, it provides various health benefits like reducing blood glucose levels, helps with celiac disease, reducing anaemia, and furthermore shows various properties like anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant which help in maintaining a healthy diet. The potential of ragi as a nutritional and healthy food source is often overlooked due to insufficient awareness of its diverse culinary applications. This review concentrates on the health benefits and nutritional value of ragi, as well as its traditional usage and methods for value addition.

Purma Rishitha*1 and Damini Soni2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 23-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 159–161

Piyush Kumar Mishra*1 and Soneswar Sarma2

1 Department of Botany, BN College, Dhubri - 783 324, Assam, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, India

Abstract

Three rice cultivars namely Bao, Boro and Aus were selected to examine the inhibitory effects of leachates and aqueous extracts of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart) Griseb. It is found that the inhibitory effect increases with the increase of the concentrations of the leachates and aquatic extracts. The effects were observed more prominent at higher concentrations of 50% and 100% than at lower concentration of the leachates and aquatic extracts. It is found that the allelopathic effect of A. philoxeroids is higher in deep water paddy variety (Bao) than in summer variety (Aus).

Piyush Kumar Mishra*1 and Soneswar Sarma2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 162–165

Ashique P. A.1 and Joseph Antony Jerald I*2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

In addition to being an essential primary producer in aquatic ecosystems and the base of the food chain, phytoplankton plays a significant role in the processes of the material cycle and energy conversion. Despite making up just 0.2% of primary producer biomass, phytoplankton are accountable for 50% of worldwide net primary production. We have measured the phytoplankton abundance, biomass, and primary production at 10 sites along the southwest coast of India during the study period and examined nutritional elements such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and carbonate. We have used the functional biogeography approach to examine the correlation between primary production, export production, and phytoplankton population size distributions throughout a large latitudinal range. Ecosystem production is an engrossing example of an environmental gradient with an interesting relationship to diversity and variation. The species richness of an ecosystem may have a direct and indirect impact on primary production. The exact processes behind the varying productivity-diversity connections remains poorly understood (PDR). The focus of this study was to learn about how different environmental factors affect the phytoplankton community composition and C fixing capacity in Kadalundi Estuary.

Ashique P. A.1 and Joseph Antony Jerald I*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 24-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 166–171

Mumayyza Khan*1 Nazish Akhtar2, Mo Shadab3 and M. B. Siddiqui4

1-4 Department of Botany, Faculty of Life sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202 002, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Chenopodium murale's allelopathic potential was investigated by applying varying percentages of its leaf aqueous extract (LAE) to Allium cepa L. root tips for four days: 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4%. By looking at mitotic anomalies and the mitotic index (MI), the effect on mitotic activity was evaluated. Microscopic findings after Chenopodium murale LAE treatment showed a shift from normal mitoticity to abnormalities in Allium cepa root tip cells. This suggests that Chenopodium murale has allelochemicals that can interfere with Allium cepa's regular mitotic cycle. The inhibitory effects of LAE that have been observed point to its potential as a natural weedicide that provides an environmentally friendly method of managing weeds in agriculture.

Mumayyza Khan*1 Nazish Akhtar2, Mo Shadab3 and M. B. Siddiqui4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 24-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 172–176

Monuj Kumar Doley1, Shahid Afridi Laskar2, Manoranjan Neog3, Bhrigu Kumar Neog3, Ritam Hazarika4, Kiranmai Chadipiralla5, Neethi Baruah6 and Pichili Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy*2

1 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Assam Agricultural University, Karbi Anglong, Diphu - 782 462, Assam, India 2 Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Diphu Campus, Assam, India 3 Directorate of Extension Education, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India 4 Veterinary Officer, State Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Assam, India 5 Department of Biotechnology, Vikrama Simhapuri University, SPS Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India 6 Zonal Research Station, Assam Agricultural University, Karbi Anglong, Diphu - 782 462, Assam, India

Abstract

Pig farming plays a significant role in the global livestock industry, providing a valuable source of meat and by-products for human consumption. However, like any agricultural endeavor, pig farming faces numerous challenges that can hinder productivity, animal welfare, and environmental sustainability. This research paper aims to analyze the existing socio-economic status of pig farmers along with major constraints faced by pig farmers, exploring the factors affecting their profitability, sustainability, and overall well-being. The study on socio-economic profile revealed that the majority of the households had annual income of Rs75001-105000.00 per annum with agriculture and livestock (46.68%) as major source of income. The respondents were mostly belonging to nuclear family with average land holding of >1.0 ha (46.40%). The respondent ranked non-availability of quality pig germplasm as the most severe constraints among different breeding constraints identified with mean score of 74.68%. The different feeding constraints in pig farming showed that the high cost of pig feed and feed ingredients was identified as the single most major constraints. Amongst the health care related constraints, non-availability of vaccines against most harmful diseases of pigs was ranked I with mean score of 75.26 by the respondents. Similarly, 76.91 of the respondents perceived lack of organized marketing facility as most severe marketing constraints.

Monuj Kumar Doley1, Shahid Afridi Laskar2, Manoranjan Neog3, Bhrigu Kumar Neog3, Ritam Hazarika4, Kiranmai Chadipiralla5, Neethi Baruah6 and Pichili Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 177–183

O. P. Singh1, P. K. Singh2 and Anoop M.3

1-3 Department of Agricultural Economics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Indian food processing sector is playing an important role in linking Indian farmers to ultimate consumers in the domestic and international markets. The import and export value of processed food was US$ 19.64 and US$ 32.73 billion and trade balance of US$ 13.09 billion during 2019-20. Paper tried to analyze the growth and direction of processed foods trade from India. The compound growth trend was used to estimate the growth trend of processed foods export from India and Markov chain analysis was used to assess the direction of trade. The results suggest that, processed groundnut, guar-gum, jaggery and confectionary, cocoa products, cereal preparation and beverages (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) was growing with compound growth rate of 9.91, 5.61, 2.52, 18.62, 12.88 and 11.78 percent per annum respectively during 2000-01 to 2020-21. The Markov chain analysis suggests that most loyal importing countries were Indonesia, Russia, Kenya, UAE, UK and Haiti for processed groundnut, guar-gum, jaggery and confectionary, cocoa products, cereal preparation and beverages (alcoholic and non-alcoholic) respectively.

O. P. Singh1, P. K. Singh2 and Anoop M.3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 184–186

A. Chowdhury*1

1 Department of Zoology, East Calcutta Girls’ College, Lake Town Link Road, Kolkata - 700 089, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The efficiency of Perionyx excavatus Perrier for vermicomposting evaluated by using vegetable and fruit wastes mixed with cow dung after 15 days’ primary decomposition under laboratory conditions. Vermicomposting resulted in significant increase in total kjeldahl nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc whereas decrease in pH, organic carbon as well as C:N ratio from primary decomposed material. There was a consistent trend for earthworms’ growth, mean cocoon numbers and reproduction rate. This study clearly indicates that vermicomposting with this species could be an alternate low-cost technology for the better management of huge amount of vegetable and fruit wastes. Present study supports the suitability of P. excavatus for large-scale vermiculture operations and vermicomposting with this species could be an alternate low-cost technology for the better management of huge amount of vegetable and fruit wastes. By encouraging this method, we could also get an ideal soil conditioner and plant nutrients. Successful implementation of this process can lead to considerably cleaner urban environment.

A. Chowdhury*1 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 29-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 187–193

Pavithra R*1, Subramanian N2 and Punitha N.3

1-3 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Artscollege, Cheyyar, District Thiruvannamalai - 604 407, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Phyllanthus niruri L is one of the most valuable medicinal plants both traditionally and scientifically. The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of potent bioactive compounds that can be effectively used for the preparation of better herbal drugs. The aim of this study to determining the potent bioactive compounds present in the leaf extract of phyllanthus niruri. L by qualitative and quantitative analysis with standard procedure. Qualitative analysis of Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Proteins, Steroids, Anthraquinones, Phenols, Terpenoids and Carbohydrates in Phyllanthus niruri of five different extracts Methanol, Acetone, Chloroform, Aqueous and Ethyl acetate were analyzed. Tannins showed highly positive (+++) in aqueous extract, moderately present in methanol extract (++) and absent in acetone, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts. The saponin showed highly positive in aqueous, moderately present in chloroform and acetone extracts but absent in methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, the flavonoid showed highly positive in aqueous, moderately present in chloroform, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts but it was absent in acetone extracts. The alkaloid showed highly positive in aqueous, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts and moderately present in chloroform and acetone extracts. The protein showed highly positive in aqueous and methanol extracts and positive in chloroform, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts. The steroids showed highly positive in methanol extracts moderately positive (++) in aqueous and it was absent in chloroform, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts. The anthraquinonen showed highly positive in aqueous and positive (+) in methanol and it was absent in chloroform, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts. The phenols showed highly positive in aqueous and methanol extracts, positive in chloroform extract and it was absent in acetone and ethyl acetate extracts. The Terpenoids showed highly positive in aqueous, chloroform and methanol extracts and it was absent in acetone. The carbohydrates showed highly positive (+++) in aqueous, chloroform, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts and positive in acetone. Among the extracts the aqueous extracts showed presence of more number of phytochemical compounds. Secondly the methanol showed more number of phytochemicals. The remaining extracts chloroform, ethyl acetate and acetone showed less number or even absence of phyto chemical compounds. The quantitative estimation of alkaloids flavonoids and phenolic compounds in methanol and aqueous extract of Phyllanthus niruri havealso been carried out. The Aqueous extract showed more amount of Alkaloids (0.08 µg/ml), Flavonoids (275 mg/ml) and Phenolic (158 mg/ml) compounds.

Pavithra R*1, Subramanian N2 and Punitha N.3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Jan-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 194–196

J. B. Aghade*1, S. A. Saraf2 and A. M. Shinde3

1-3 Department of Zoology, Government College of Arts and Science, Chhatrapati Sambahjinagar - 431 004, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

In the present study, we collected a total of 11 species of libellulidea from the Both Lakes range in Chhatrapati Sambahjinagar. These species belong to the genera Bradinopyga, Brachythemis, Diplacodes, Orthetrum, Pantala, Tetrathemis, Tramea, and Lathrecista. This study also marks the first recorded distribution of these species in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar.Among the species documented in this study, 11 species from 8 different genera were recorded for the first time in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar. Notably, Brandinopyga geminata and Orthetrum sabina were found to be the dominant species in both surveyed sites. Additionally, four species - Branchythemis contaminata, Trithemis kirbyi, Diplacodes trivialis, and Trithemis aurora - were exclusively found in Salim Ali Lake. On the other hand, Orthetrum sabina was only observed in Harsul Lake.These findings provide valuable insights into the distribution and presence of various libellulidea species in the Both Lakes range. The discovery of new species in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar adds to our understanding of the local biodiversity and highlights the importance of further research in this area. This is the first study that takes into account the species diversity and lake distribution of libellulids in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, which indicates the species richness. Salim Ali Lake had the highest species richness, according to the Shannon index diversity. The Harsul Lake has the most evenly distributed population distribution of all the zones studied. Only the 11 species of the libellulidea family were studied in this study.

J. B. Aghade*1, S. A. Saraf2 and A. M. Shinde3 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 01-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 197–200

K. Usha*1, T. Francis Xavier2 and R. Sabitha3

1-3 Ethnopharmacological Research Unit, PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Tiruchirappalli - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Grewia bracteata is an ethno medicinal shrub used by many traditional users for various illnesses. The phytochemicals present in Grewia bracteata ethyl acetate, ethanol and chloroform solvent extracts are screened by standard methods and its anti-hyperglycemic activity by enzymatic methods at various concentrations (59.37, 118.75, 237.5, 475, 950 ug/ml). The phytochemical analysis exhibited the various secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, steroids and glycosides are present in Grewia bracteata. Both the enzymatic assays for anti-hyperglycemic assay exhibits a significant inhibitory effect at highest concentration of 950 ug/ml in all the solvents used. The ethanol extract exhibited the strongest activity in both the assays α-amylase and α-glucosidase with a percentage inhibition of 85.2±0.27 and 55.46±0.01 (IC50, 116.24±1.16 and 400.03±1.09 μg/ml) respectively followed by ethyl acetate and chloroform In Conclusion, this study has revealed that Grewia bracteata leaves possess noticeable in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities due to the presence of its phytochemicals.

K. Usha*1, T. Francis Xavier2 and R. Sabitha3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 201–204

Anupam Kumari*1 and Deokant2

1 University Department of Botany, Lalit Narayan Mithilla University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India 2 Department of Botany, Samastipur College (LNMU), Samastipur - 848 134, Bihar, India

Abstract

Chemicals used as pesticides have the intention of killing pests. Pesticides undoubtedly enhance agricultural yields and protect crops from pest infestations, but their toxicity poses serious risks to human health, the environment, and the larger ecosystem. An effective chloronicotinyl insecticide for controlling sucking and biting insects is imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine), which is highly persistent in soil. Because of its long-term durability and toxicity, this pollution represents a serious hazard to the ecosystem. Microbiological degradation presents a viable approach for the restoration of habitats contaminated with imidacloprid. Our goals were to find, separate, and describe microorganisms in soil that might break down imidacloprid. In order to better understand natural remediation processes and maybe use these bacteria for environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural operations, we isolated and identified Imidacloprid-degrading bacteria from agricultural soil in this work. Enrichment cultures were used to isolate bacteria from soil samples taken from agricultural fields that had previously been treated with Imidacloprid. Our results show that the soil analyzed included a variety of bacterial communities that were able to break down imidacloprid. This work has identified several bacterial genera. It was discovered that Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus are powerful agents that degrade imidacloprid. Due to its inherent eco-friendliness, affordability, and effectiveness in detoxifying pesticide-contaminated ecosystems, bioremediation appears as a tempting method.

Anupam Kumari*1 and Deokant2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 205–210

Bablu Ali Khan*1 and Basudev Mandal2

1 Centre for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore - 721 102, West Bengal, India 2 Department of Fishery Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore - 721 102, West Bengal, India

Abstract

In the current study, a market-based survey was conducted to evaluate the endangered categories of fish and shellfish that are accessible at specific fish markets located in several blocks in the Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal, India. A total of 63 species of fish and shellfish from 18 families were available during the period. Twelve species of carp, eleven catfish species, nine species of barbs and minnows, five species of snakeheads, six species of eels, fifteen species of perches, two species of feather backs, and three species of prawns were mentioned among the 63 species that were accessible. The state of species availability was noted in three categories, with 21 species being often, 20 species being somewhat, and 22 species being seldom accessible. Perches made up the majority of the fish (23.8%). The findings suggest that the western part of Purba Medinipur districts' fish variety has been gradually reducing as a result of both natural and artificial factors. Community-based fisheries management, the use of appropriate fishing gear, the creation and management of fish sanctuaries, the enforcement of fish regulations and laws, fingerling storing, and the removal of beels and canals can all significant aid in the conservation of fish varieties.

Bablu Ali Khan*1 and Basudev Mandal2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 211–213

Punam Pratap Patil*1 and Gajanan Kashinath Sontakke2

1-2 Department of Zoology, Vivekananda College, (Empowered Autonomous), Kolhapur - 416 003, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to see a seasonal variation of physic-chemical parameters in water samples collected from Bhagyanagar Lake located in Sangli District. This study was carried out from February 2022 to January 2023. The water parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, total dissolve solids, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, sulphate and nitrate were measured and analyzed by standard methods. The present study indicates that the mean seasonal values of phosphate (1.145±0.097), sulphate (15.72±10.75), and nitrate (5.967±0.785) are within the permissible limits of Indian standard values. This result revealed that the water in Bhagyanagar Lake is suitable for drinking agriculture and aquaculture purposes.

Punam Pratap Patil*1 and Gajanan Kashinath Sontakke2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 214–220

Banalata Saikia*1 and Manuj Baruah2

1 Department of Economics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala - 799 022, Tripura, India 2 Department of Economics, Khairun Nessa Begom Women’s College, Karimganj - 788 806, Assam, India

Abstract

A pivotal sector in India is agriculture, engaging over half of the nation's workforce. This study investigates the regional growth trends in the agricultural sector, analyzing metrics such as area, production, and yield of various food grains. Utilizing a dataset spanning three decades from 1990-91 to 2019-20, the research employs the standard compound annual growth rate formula and sigma convergence analysis. The findings reveal that a significant number of states from the North-Eastern region exhibit substantial growth rates. Similar to the expansion seen in the cultivation of different categories of food and non-food grains based on area, the production of various crop types, both food and non-food grains, particularly rice, demonstrates higher growth rates in comparison to other crops. Furthermore, the convergence assessment demonstrates a consistent pattern of either converging or diverging trends across variables like area, production, and estimated yield for both food and non-food grains. While the cultivation area for all types of food and non-food grains maintains a constant tendency towards convergence over time, the production and yield of food grains display notable fluctuations. In contrast, non-food grain items show a higher propensity for divergence compared to food grain items.

Banalata Saikia*1 and Manuj Baruah2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 221–224

Rajnigandha1 and Khwaja Salahuddin*2

1-2 University Department of Botany, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India

Abstract

Parasitism has been successful life strategy in the plants. The parasitic flowering plants were characterized by development of special organ called haustorium in multiple independent angiosperm clades. Host parasite interaction was investigated in detail by means of ethnobotanical studies in the Mithilanchal area of Bihar. The haustorium has the ability to accommodate anatomical and physiological differences between parasite and host plants. The evolution of haustorium has been documented considering four parasitic plant lineages. Several independent origins suggest the several ancestral plant lineages to meet the requirement of parasitic lifestyle such as the ability to recognize the host plant, an invasive haustorium and regulate the transfer of nutrient between two different plants. The family Orobanchaceae has been found to be unique among parasitic plant in this context. These plants exhibited a high degree of diversity in Mithilanchal areas. A few species of Cuscuta and Loranthus were found to be endemic. The members of Cuscutaceae and Loranthaceae family have a wide range of hosts.

Rajnigandha1 and Khwaja Salahuddin*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 225–226

Sandeep Bhardwaj*1 and Rupali Sharma2

1 Department of Basic Engineering, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India 2 Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India

Abstract

The lukewarm reactions from the authorities in India are the major cause for non-popularization of underground grain storage structures. As per the UNSC 9386th meeting, attack on Odesa port grain facility highlighted the need of underground food grain storage facility which will be safe from biological, chemical and nuclear weapons. The difficulty in making earthen underground grain silos is very less as compared to metal bins. Earthen underground silos require only rammed earth, rice or wheat husk and 2 to 3 meter pit. But difficulty lies in the pest infestation, regulation of moisture and air flow inside the earth. With advancement in Geotechnical and Rock Engineering, a very low-cost underground grain storage structure is feasible in any part of India based on geological and environmental consideration. Latest underground construction techniques also provide solid foundation for low-cost grain storage structure at farm level, a better alternative to Cover and Plinth storage (CAP).

Sandeep Bhardwaj*1 and Rupali Sharma2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 10-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 227–232

S. Deepika*1, K. V. Rao2 and R. Rejani3

1-3 ICAR- Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad - 500 059, Telangana, India

Abstract

Overhead irrigation system is an optimal way of using water to protect kharif crops in semi-arid regions. The study aims at modification in system design, preparation of optimal operational plans in terms of equity and assessment of irrigation system designs. The major findings in the sites are to fix the overhead sprinklers at a spacing to attain 30 or 50 percent overlapping of wetting zone. Second, instead of giving one or two critical irrigations, it is possible to provide recommended irrigation schedules even in Non borewell growers (NBWG) land by adopting crop wise operating schedules for the three groups with the available water. Sprinkler heads which are presently used can meet the crop water requirement (CWR) of groundnut within, 16 to 18 min during kharif and rabi seasons respectively. Total number of irrigations required for groundnut during kharif and rabi are 10 and 12 respectively with an irrigation frequency of 11 days (without considering rainfall). Following the recommended schedules Mahabubsubhani group can irrigate 14.7 ha/day whereas, Eedulavanka group and T-Kothapally group can irrigate to 6.26 ha/day and 4.7 ha/day respectively.

S. Deepika*1, K. V. Rao2 and R. Rejani3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 233–235

P. Vaishnavi*1 and P. Ramesh2

1 Department of Agricultural Extension Education, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The study was conducted in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, focusing on members of women Self Help Groups (SHGs) under the Mahalir Thittam project organized by the Tamil Nadu Corporation for Development of Women (TNCDW). A sample of 120 respondents was selected using the proportionate random sampling procedure from six villages: Gunduuppalavadi, Kondur, Thiruvandipuram, Kudikadu, Pathirikuppam and Pachayankuppam. The overall economic empowerment of women SHG members results that, more than half of the respondents (52.50%) had medium level followed by 35.00 per cent of the respondents had high level and 12.50 per cent of the respondents had low level of economic empowerment. Among, 93.33 per cent of the respondents were increased saving for future security followed by improvement in their standard of living (85.83%), increased ability to support family financially (84.17%), engagement in income generating activity (81.67%), awareness about economic development programme (78.33%), free from exploitation of money leaders (77.50%). The findings of the study indicated a differential pattern in respect of their economic characteristics. This has been much emphasized on economic empowerment of women Self Help Group members.

P. Vaishnavi*1 and P. Ramesh2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 236–237

Sagar Gajre1 and Ganapati B. Sinnoor*2

1-2 Department of Business Studies, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi - 585 367, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Vegetable prices fluctuate for many reasons, such as market forces, local climate, and supply and demand. Vegetables and spices, which are important crops for both the farmer's revenue and the national income, have a smaller proportion of the consumer's rupee, according to many studies. Producers need to be made aware of the advantages of direct marketing through communication and integration to sell their produce at a better price, and it also benefits in not paying commissions and untimely payments made to farmers after the sale. Keeping these factors in mind, the present research looked at the price distribution of several vegetables in Kalaburagi and the percentage of the rupee that went to producers. Also, when middlemen are involved, less of the consumer's rupee goes to the producer. Traditional supply chains offer a variety of services, which farmers prefer, even when they are inefficient. The research considered the five primary vegetables: garlic, onion, potato, green chilli, and tomato. The APMC market and the Farmer's market (Kanni) were chosen for the farmer's price, while different retail markets in the Kalaburagi vicinity were chosen for the retail price. The most common marketing channels involved in the marketing of vegetables in Kalaburagi district is Producer → Wholesaler → Retailer → Consumer. The producer’s share in the consumer’s rupee was highest for garlic (74.9%), and the lowest was for green chilli (42.2%). Government should come up with some price support scheme for the vegetable growers and local government could intervene to buy veggies from farmers and sell them to consumers in a city with an acceptable margin in order to help vegetable producers. By doing this, prices can be reduced by practically half. All that is required is for the government to purchase the vegetables straight from the APMC and begin marketing them at various locations throughout the city. Problems with demand forecasting, insufficient storage space, expensive labour, inadequate packing and grading, prohibitive shipping costs, and exorbitant pesticide price make farmers incur heavy expenditures and any malpractice followed during the sale of farmers produce stops them from receiving a justifiable price for their produce which sometimes does not even cover the cost of cultivation. The marketing effectiveness of the produce declines when the number of middlemen in the marketing channel grows as a result of rising marketing costs and margins. If there are fewer middlemen in the marketing channel, there will be plenty of opportunity for farmers to sell their produce profitably.

Sagar Gajre1 and Ganapati B. Sinnoor*2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 13-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 238–240

P. K. Siva1, R. Bhuvaneswari2, K. Mohammed Rafi3 and M. Arumugam1

1 P. G. and Research Department of Botany, J. J. College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24) Pudukkottai - 622 422, Tamil Nadu, India 2 P. G. and Research Department of Physics, Kalaignar Karunanidhi Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Pudukkottai - 622 001, Tamil Nadu, India 3 P. G. and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The insect-borne disease continues to be a major source of sickness and death worldwide. Resistance to chemical pesticides and their risks have been regarded as a setback in mosquito vector control. Due to the presence of various phyto compounds in plant species, botanicals can manage and prevent vector (insect) transmitted illness by killing insect eggs and larvae. An experiment was carried out to determine the possible toxicity of Capparis divaricata (Cappariaceae) extract against Anophele stephensi and Aedes aegypti larvae, as a result of treatment with C. divaricata extract. The larvicidal activity of C.divaricata extract against the larvae of A. stephensi and A. aegypti was determined according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Larval mortality was recorded after 12 and 24 hours of exposure. The inhibition effect of C. divaricata was assessed by determining the mortality of the treated. The crude extract of C. divaricata exerted 91% of mortality, LC50 81.2 and LC90 110.4at 250 µl/l and A. aegypti after 24h at 250µl/l, LC50 72.3 and LC90 144.7. The study provided information on various effects of C. divaricata extract against A. stephensi and A. aegypti.

P. K. Siva1, R. Bhuvaneswari2, K. Mohammed Rafi3 and M. Arumugam1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 241–251

Jape Prasad V1, Chaudhari Ambalal B2, Maheshwari Vijay L3, Kankariya Raksha A1, Patil Rajkamal P.1 and Dandi Navin D*1

1 Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon - 425 001, Maharashtra, India 2 Dr. S. Kiran and Pallavi Patel Global University, Vadodara - 391 760, Gujrat, India 3 Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon - 425 001, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The demand for pendimethalin (PND), a pre- and early post-emergence dinitroaniline herbicide is increasing after the recent ban of the most widely used glyphosate to prevent cultivation of herbicide-tolerant crops. PND is a poorly water-soluble, recalcitrant, carcinogenic nitroaromatic compound that modify soil microbiota and often leach into soil, water bodies and crop produce. The present study aimed to explore multi-stress tolerant plant growth promoting PND degrading microbes from contaminated soyabean rhizosphere. A multi-step selective enrichment strategy resulted in isolation of 14 drought resistant bacteria in mineral salt medium. The high-performance liquid chromatography evidenced 97% PND degradation (100 mg L-1) by isolate PND3 and PND4. All the isolates produced nitrite and mineralised PND as a sole source of C, N, and energy over a period of 7 days. The TLC analysis suggested that the PND degradation product could be 3,4-dimethyl 2,6-dinitroaniline for C utilization, while concomitant nitrite formation suggested nitrogenase-dependent PND degradation pathway. The polyphasic characterization based on morphological, VITEK-2 biochemical, 16S ribotyping and phylogenetic analysis revealed the similarity of the isolates to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (~99.5%). Thus, these new strains demonstrated relatively high efficiency of PND mineralisation and therefore a potent bioremediation and plant growth promoting agent at pesticide contaminated fields.

Jape Prasad V1, Chaudhari Ambalal B2, Maheshwari Vijay L3, Kankariya Raksha A1, Patil Rajkamal P.1 and Dandi Navin D*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 252–253

Rakesh Kumar*1 and A. Kumar2

1-2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Udai Pratap (Autonomous) College, Varanasi - 220 002, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

A study on costs and returns in the cultivation of mustard crop has been carried out in the eastern Uttar Pradesh. The required information regarding inputs and cultural practices in the cultivation of mustard crop have been collected from an appropriate sample of marginal, small and large farms. The cost of cultivation was highest on large farms followed by small and marginal farms. However, the net income was highest on marginal farms followed by large and small farms. Rapeseed mustard is the second most important and prominent oil seeds crop in India after groundnut. The mustard growing areas in India are experiencing the vast diversity in the agroclimatic conditions. Mustard belongs to the group Cruciferae with several other species cultivated. The other crops under the ‘Rapeseed and Mustard’ category are Toria, Yellow Sarson, Brown Sarson, Gobhi Sarson and Black Mustard. Under marginal resource situations, the cultivation of mustard becomes less remunerative to the farmers. The study highlights that under marginal resource situations, mustard cultivation may be less remunerative for farmers. This underscores the importance of understanding the economic dynamics and resource management strategies for small-scale farmers to ensure profitability and sustainability in mustard cultivation.

Rakesh Kumar*1 and A. Kumar2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 16-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 254–259

Pravesh Kumar*1, Dinesh Mani2, Adarsh Bhushan3, Sudhir Pal4 and Jeetendra Verma5

1-3, 5 Sheila Dhar Institute of Soil Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211 002, Uttar Pradesh, India 4 C. C. Ram Post Graduate College, Muzzaffarnagar - 251 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of Calendula officinalis L. grown in Cd treated soil, using different chelators. In a pot experiment study, three chelators, including EDTA, citric acid (CA), and tartaric acid (TA), were applied to Cd treated soils (10 and 20 mg kg-1) in Calendula officinalis L. growing pots. According to the results of experiment, Calendula officinalis L. grew normally without any toxicity symptoms at different Cd concentration in the soil. By increasing the concentration of Cd in the soil, its accumulation in plant also increased but does not increase in the same proportion as the concentration in the soil increases. The application of chelators, EDTA, CA and TA, also enhanced the accumulation of Cd in root and shoot of Calendula officinalis L. plant, among the all chelators EDTA application accumulate higher amount of Cd 204.21, 85.27 followed by CA 173.16, 78.25, TA 162.36, 76.14 mg kg-1 dry weight of shoot and root respectively. The increasing Cd concentration in soil also decreased dry biomass of plant. The dry biomass of plant reduced by the application of chelators due to enhanced the accumulation of heavy metals in plant parts and toxicity in soil. The maximum dry biomass was recorded in control treatment 3.25, 12.38 mg pot-1 root and shoots respectively, followed by CA and TA applied treatment. The results also showed that all the chelators, especially EDTA, significantly increased the Cd mobility factor in Cd treated soils. The bio-concentration factor (0.43–0.96) and translocation factor (1.75-2.39) of Cd, so these results clearly indicate the Calendula officinalis L. plant is a hyper-accumulator for Cd. Finally, chelators enhanced the phytoremediation potential of Calendula officinalis L. by facilitate the availability of heavy metals.

Pravesh Kumar*1, Dinesh Mani2, Adarsh Bhushan3, Sudhir Pal4 and Jeetendra Verma5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 260–265

Saikhom Suma1, Wangkhem Chaoton Meetei*1 and Lairenmayum Surajkumar Singh2

1 Department of Environmental Science, D. M. College of Science, Dhanamanjuri University, Imphal - 795 001, Manipur, India 2 Kha Manipur College, Kakching, Manipur - 795 103, India

Abstract

The present study was conducted to determine water quality of the feeder rivers of Loktak Lake, a Ramsar Site in Manipur during April, 2022 to March, 2023. A total of six important feeder rivers of the lake were selected for the present investigation and they were Nambol River, Khujairok River, Thongjaorok River, Potsangbam River, Ningthoukhong River and Moirang River. The above rivers were selected on the basis of their pollution load which may directly contributed to the overall deterioration of water quality of the lake. Physicochemical parameters of the river water from selected study sites were analyzed on monthly basis following the standard methods given in Trivedy et al. (1987). Results of the study showed varied patterns indicating varying degrees of pollution of the feeders rivers indicating need of restoration and management of these feeder rivers in order to save the lake.

Saikhom Suma1, Wangkhem Chaoton Meetei*1 and Lairenmayum Surajkumar Singh2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 266–269

P. B. Thakare*1, N. D. Vilayatkar2 and J. R. Pande3

1 Department of Chemistry, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Arvi, District Wardha - 442 201, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Chemistry, S. S. J. College, Arjuni/Morgaon - 441 701, Maharashtra, India 3 Department of Botany, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Arvi, District Wardha - 442 201, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The physicochemical characterization of soya waste (industrial waste), three different soils S1, S2, S3 and irrigation water was carried out by standard methods. The soya waste-soil blends for all the three soil like 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% and their replicates were prepared. These are then powdered, dried and filled in different polyethene bags. Three seeds of chilli (of make Jwala) sown in each bag and all the systems were watered equally with same period and the same water. Growth of each plant was regularly monitored after every month up to the three months from the date of sowing and plant parameters were recorded. After fully maturation of plants, data showed that 10% for soil S1, 20% for S2 and 15% for S3 blending improved the physical properties of the soil and also contributed to the better growth and yield of chilli plants than the control in winter season. Thus, the present study provides the feasible alternative for the safe disposal of industrial wastes like soya waste by using them in proper ratio by blending for better plant growth.

P. B. Thakare*1, N. D. Vilayatkar2 and J. R. Pande3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 270–277

Parvat Singh*1

1 Department of Economics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow - 226 007, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The supply of institutional credit plays a critical and crucial role in promoting agricultural growth and development. It is also an imperative policy instrument to protect the farmers from the grip of the moneylenders who charge exceedingly high-interest rates and force them to live in a never-ending debt trap. The present study has examined the trends and regional-wise variations in institutional credit flow to agriculture in India from 1991-92 to 2022-23 using a CGAR and coefficient of variation (C.V.). The study is based on secondary data compiled from various published sources. Results indicated that the institutional credit to agriculture in real terms has increased tremendously in the last few decades. The flow of institutional credit to agriculture and allied activities increased at an annual compound growth rate of 19.45 per cent. The share of cooperatives in agricultural credit was about 52.71 percent in 1991-92, declining year after year and being reduced to only 11.26 percent in 2022-23. Scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) have emerged as the dominant source of agricultural credit. As of 2022-23, the southern Region had the highest share (46.47%) in institutional credit, followed by the northern (18.49%), Central Region (14.05%), Western Region (13.48%), Eastern Region (6.92%) and North Eastern (0.59%) respectively.

Parvat Singh*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 278–281

Hemanta Saha*1

1 Department of Botany, Suri Vidyasagar College, Suri - 731 101, Birbhum, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The present investigation reveals the effect of different nutrients like sucrose and boric acid at various concentrations separately and in combinations and salts of calcium, magnesium and potassium on in vitro pollen germination of a medicinally and as well important crop plant Lens culinaris Medik belonging to the family Fabaceae. It flowers during June - September. Flowers generally open at 18:00 hrs. - 19:30 hrs. Maximum 80% pollen germination along with 1180 µm pollen tube development was observed in 1% sucrose solution supplemented with 100 ppm boric acid and among the salts; maximum 43% pollen germination along with 707µm pollen tube was observed in 100 ppm calcium nitrate solution after 4 hours incubation.

Hemanta Saha*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 282–288

Jambhali Smita V.*1 and Ghayal Nivedita A.2

1 Annasaheb Kulkarni Department of Biodiversity, M. E. S. Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, M. E. S. Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Phytoremediation is a green technology for environmental restoration and can be applied to a broad range of contaminants originating through human activities. It utilizes plants’ ability in wastewater treatment and can be helpful in ecosystem rehabilitation. In the present study phytoremediation efficiency of Desmostachya bipinnata was assessed for domestic wastewater arising from varied sources. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed before and after phytoremediation. Results proved that Desmostachya bipinnata, being native to India can improve the quality of domestic wastewater in a decentralized approach to wastewater treatment by using constructed wetlands.

Jambhali Smita V.*1 and Ghayal Nivedita A.2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 289–295

Ramandeep Kaur1, S. K. Singh*2, Babaljeet Singh3, Gurwinder Singh4 and H. C. Raturi5

1-5 Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib - 140 406, Punjab, India

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted during winter season 2021-2022 at the Experimental Farm, Kharora, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India from October 2021 to February 2022. The present study was conducted to determine the optimum level of planting depth and genotypes for better growth and yield of potato. The experiment consisted of two factors: Factor A: Genotypes (03), G1: Kufri Jyoti G2: Lady Rubusta and G3: Kufri Pushkar and Factor B: Planting depth (4 levels), D1: 5cm; D2: 10cm; D3: 15cm and D4: 20cm. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. In growth parameters, maximum plant height (26.70), number of stems plant-1 (7.85), shoot length (23.33cm), number of secondary branches plant-1 (11.17) and number of leaves plant-1 (50.73). Among yield parameters viz. numbers of tubers plant-1 (6.22), tuber weight (57.25g), tuber diameter (38.67cm), tuber yield (27.40 t ha-1), marketable yield (24.66 t ha-1), biological yield (30.40 t ha-1) and economic parameters viz. gross return (Rs. ha-1 294000), net return (Rs. ha-1 206887) was obtained by Kufri Pushkar at 15 cm planting depth. Results demonstrated that treatment combination G3D3 (Kufri Pushkar at 15 cm planting depth) found to be best in most growth and yield characteristics in potato.

Ramandeep Kaur1, S. K. Singh*2, Babaljeet Singh3, Gurwinder Singh4 and H. C. Raturi5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 296–299

Arup Ghosh*1, Shailendra Kumar Sinha2 and Pradip Kumar Bandyopadhyay3

1 Department of Life Science (Zoology), Binod Bihari Mahato Koyalanchal University, Dhanbad - 826 001, Jharkhand, India 2 Dean, Students’ Welfare, Binod Bihari Mahato Koyalanchal University, Dhanbad - 826 001, Jharkhand, India 3 Burdwan Raj College, University of Burdwan, Purbo Bardhaman - 713 104, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Aedes sp. Mosquito-borne diseases are causing community health problems, conventional studies are not getting proper controlling measures. In search of some innovative pathway, a ground-breaking hypothesis has been framed on a new ecosystem of Aedes sp. in the storage water of septic tanks. A thorough survey and studies have been conducted on the Aedes sp. infested water reserve of multi-chambered septic tank. The data has been computed through the larval survey technique and reflected that all the parameters like House Index /Container Index /and Breteau Index, are very high, its mean value is 72 for all 3 parameters, in West Bengal and Jharkhand area HI, CI, and BI are 68 (mean value) in all 3 parameters and overall value of both West Bengal and Jharkhand area are 70. These results are supportive and also contradictory to the views of different authors. So, all the findings concluded that the water reserve of a septic tank filled with ‘so-called dirty water’ can be considered as an alternative breading site of Aedes sp. leading to a condition of “New Eco-System of Aedes sp. Mosquito”.

Arup Ghosh*1, Shailendra Kumar Sinha2 and Pradip Kumar Bandyopadhyay3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 300–302

Syeda Ayesha*1

1 Department of Chemistry, Government First Grade College, Kuvempunagar, Mysore - 570 023, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Cardanol, a phenolic compound is found in cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) a by-product of cashew industry. It holds considerable promise because of its large availability in tropical areas, low cost, biodegradability and structural characteristics. Simple, sensitive, selective, rapid and reliable spectrophotometric method for the determination of cardanol, an agriculture by-product has been developed. The method is based on the reaction of cardanol with an electrophilic coupling reagent, 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline hydrazono hydrochloride hydrate (MTH) in presence of iron (III) in hydrochloric acid medium to produce a red colour product having maximum absorbance at 480 nm. The method obeys Beer's law. As many as ten independent anions and cations did not interfere with the determination.

Syeda Ayesha*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 1 ; 303–306

Vaishnavi Sharma1, Aditya Mohan2, Prtyanshi Noel3 and Anita Singh*4

1-3 E-Yuva Fellow, BIRAC, E-Yuva Centre, Career College, Bhopal - 462 023, Madhya Pradesh, India 4 Department of Chemistry, Career College, Bhopal - 462 023, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis of organic waste, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential applications in agriculture, environmental remediation, and carbon sequestration. In this study, citrus peel fruit waste was used as a feedstock for biochar production via pyrolysis. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the physical and chemical characteristics of biochar produced from citrus peel fruit waste and to explore its potential as a soil amendment. The citrus peel fruit waste was collected from local juice shops and dried in an oven at 80°C for 24 hours. The dried waste was then ground into a fine powder and pyrolyzed at different temperatures (300°C, 400°C and 500°C) in a pyrolyser reactor. The resulting biochar samples were characterized using various analytical techniques including proximate analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature significantly affected the physical and chemical properties of the biochar. The biochar produced at 500°C had the highest ash content (10.6%) and pH (10.2). The FTIR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups such as carboxylic acids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds in all biochar samples. The biochar produced from citrus peel fruit waste showed promising characteristics, making it a potential soil amendment for agricultural use. Its high carbon content and surface area could increase soil fertility and enhance water and nutrient retention. The alkaline nature of biochar could also improve soil pH and reduce soil acidity. Furthermore, the presence of functional groups in the biochar could increase soil organic matter and provide a habitat for beneficial microorganisms. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of citrus peel fruit waste as a feedstock for biochar production via pyrolysis. The biochar produced at different temperatures showed varying physical and chemical properties, highlighting the importance of controlling pyrolysis conditions to produce biochar with desired characteristics. Further research is needed to explore the effects of biochar application on soil properties and crop growth. Overall, biochar production from citrus peel fruit waste can provide an environmentally friendly solution for managing organic waste and improving soil health.

Vaishnavi Sharma1, Aditya Mohan2, Prtyanshi Noel3 and Anita Singh*4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Feb-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

An International Journal

P- ISSN: 0976-1675

E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)

Volume- 15 - January-February 2024

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