Issues

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 605–609

Anju Viswanathan K*1 and Madhu Subramanian2

1-2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkra, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India

Abstract

Fifty genotypes of okra were evaluated for resistance to shoot and fruit borer, Earias vitella at College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkra, Thrissur from October 2020 to March 2021. The mean fruit damage varied greatly throughout the fifty genotypes studied, ranging from 3.42 to 85.31 per cent. The highest mean fruit damage of 85.31 per cent was shown by IC 117123 and lowest in Susthira, 3.42 per cent. Variation in moisture content among fifty genotypes was also significantly evident and it varied from 75.25 to 94.86 per cent. Correlation analysis showed a significant positive (0.659) relation between moisture content and fruit damage.

Anju Viswanathan K*1 and Madhu Subramanian2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 610–614

Shashi Prabha*1 and Om Raj2

1-2 Department of Geography, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi - 180 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract

This paper examines the production trends of saffron cultivation in Kishtwar district in the UT of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Using historical data and current statistics, we analyze the factors that have contributed to the growth and decline of saffron production in the region. This study focuses on the period from year 2010-2021. We begin by examining the historical context of saffron cultivation in Kishtwar tracing its roots back to the Mughal Empire. We then analyze the factors that have influenced saffron production in the region, including changes in climate, government policies and socio-economic conditions. This study reveals that saffron production in Kishtwar has fluctuated over time, with periods of growth and decline. However, despite these fluctuations, saffron remains an important crop in the region, and efforts are being made to promote its cultivation. In the final section of the paper, we offer a future outlook for saffron cultivation in Kishtwar, taking into account the current state of the production and potential opportunities for growth. We argue that with the right policies and investments, saffron production in Kishtwar has the potential to grow and contribute to the economic development of the region.

Shashi Prabha*1 and Om Raj2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 615–621

Shital J. Patil*1, Khemchand R. Surana2 and Sunil K. Mahajan3

1, 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir’s Pharmacy College, Panchavati, Nashik - 422 003, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shreeshakti Shakshanik Sanstha, Divine College of Pharmacy Nampur Road Satana, Nashik - 423 301, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The present study investigates the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bioactive constituents mostly preservative of medicinally important selected plant. The quantitative method for ethanolic extract of Mentha Piperita (Extract 3A) was developed using spectroscopic methods such as UV spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, GCMS, also chromatographic methods such as TLC, HPTLC. The present active phytoconstituents in Mentha piperita that possess antimicrobial and antifungal activity are Menthol and Pulegone. The modern tools like gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy are excellently work to analyses phytoconstituents from natural herb extract. Using this technique, it is very easy to achieve separation of both active constituent with full m/z range. In GC method the experiment was done on thermofischer instrument using chromeleon software. The column DB-1 (25m×0.32mm×1.0µm) was used as stationary phase and mobile phase was helium is used with optimized flow rate. In GCMS method Stationary phase was Rxi-5ms, Restek (30 m x 0.25 mm x 0.25 μm) and mobile phase was helium with 1.4ml/minute flow rate. The validation key parameters were also performed. After quantification by modern analytical tool the Extract 3A shows presence of active phytochemical in ratio of 1:10 equivalency with that of standard drug.

Shital J. Patil*1, Khemchand R. Surana2 and Sunil K. Mahajan3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 622–630

Saptarshi Samajdar1, Surya Sekhar Mondal2, Iqbal Hossain3 and Sudip Saha*4

1-4 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, 398, Ramkrishnapur Road, Barasat, Near Jagadighata Market, Kolkata - 700 125, West Bengal, India

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain of coronavirus that ravaged humanity in the last three years, requiring new and effective drug delivery systems to deliver the novel antivirals. Water-soluble polysaccharides are considered to be important in different pharmaceutical activities especially in drug delivery. The isolation, purification and structural properties directly affect their usage. With recent advantages in drug delivery, excipients and adjuvants fulfill specific functions where they directly or indirectly influence the rate or extent of drug delivery. Recent trends towards use of natural water-soluble polysaccharides as excipients demand the replacement of synthetic additive due to the advantages of being chemically inert, nontoxic in nature, low cost, biodegradable, and wide availability. This review not only provides ideas for optimization of the isolation, purification and structural analysis of natural water-soluble polysaccharides but also provides a theoretical basis for their uses as an adjuvant in different antiviral drug delivery.

Saptarshi Samajdar1, Surya Sekhar Mondal2, Iqbal Hossain3 and Sudip Saha*4 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 04-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 631–634

P. Victoria Rani*1

1 Department of Botany, SVSSC Government Degree College, Sullurpet - 524 121, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Living organisms create biotic stress in plants, particularly microorganisms, insects and weeds. They directly robbing the host of its essential nutrients which leading to bring down drastically diminish plant vitality and health. Ultimately, which leads to host plant death. In agriculture field, substantial challenges arise from biotic stress, presenting a significant hurdle in the realm of plant health and growth eventually crop yield losses. Phyto-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) as a critical agricultural issue, precipitating significant harm to crops and causing marked yield and financial setbacks for farmers, particularly. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) stand as a paramount threat, wielding a destructive impact of profound proportions in mulberry and other crops. In the face of biotic stress, plants mobilize intricate defense mechanisms, arrange a strategic response to safeguard for their well-being to scavenge this stress create free radicals. The primary aim of this study was to investigate stress-induced enzymes Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) specific activity in root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infested mulberry plants. Enhanced activities of defence enzymes have been noticed in nematode infested mulberry plants compared to control plants.

P. Victoria Rani*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 635–643

R. R. Rakh1, L. S. Raut2, S. M. Dalvi3, P. B. Nirmal4 and A. V. Manwar5

1 Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Buddhiswami Mahavidyalaya, Purna (Jn.) - 431 511, District Parbhani, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Microbiology, Sant Tukaram College of Arts and Science, Parbhani - 431 401, Maharashtra, India 3 Department of Botany, Shri Guru Buddhiswami Mahavidyalaya, Purna (Jn.) - 431 511, District Parbhani, Maharashtra, India 4 Department of English, Sant Tukaram College of Arts and Science, Parbhani - 431 401, Maharashtra, India 5 Department of Microbiology, D. S. Mandal’s, College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Parbhani - 431 401, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is a serious disease that affects groundnut production worldwide. Currently, managing Fusarium wilt is challenging and relies heavily on host resistance and chemical fungicides. However, using biological control methods, such as rhizosphere soil bacteria, can provide a more sustainable and eco-friendly solution for plant disease management. In this study, the biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98, a soil-borne bacterium isolated from healthy groundnut plants, was investigated against F. oxysporum in vitro. The results showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98 exhibited strong antagonistic activity, inhibiting mycelial growth by 76.00%. The cell-free culture filtrate obtained from this bacterium also showed significant inhibition of F. oxysporum growth by 90%. This biocontrol effect was attributed to the production of siderophores and volatile compounds by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98. To validate these findings, a pot assay was conducted, which demonstrated a decrease in Fusarium wilt incidence in the range 33.33% to 26.67% due to the treatment with Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98 compared to the untreated control. Additionally, the bacterium improved seed germination percentage compared to the control group. These results highlight the potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98 as a biocontrol agent for managing Fusarium wilt disease in groundnut.

R. R. Rakh1, L. S. Raut2, S. M. Dalvi3, P. B. Nirmal4 and A. V. Manwar5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 644–651

Nishanthi N*1 and Anandraj K2

1-2 Department of Microbiology, Shanmuga Industries Arts and Science College (Co-Education), Thiruvalluvar University - Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Piper peepuloides and Piper hymenophyllum a well-known medicinal plant of Piperaceae family is used by many tribal groups to treat inflammation and diabetics in India. In the study, different extracts such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous of Piper peepuloides and Piper hymenophyllum leaf are evaluated for its qualitative phytochemical screening, secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity. Among various extracts, Piper peepuloides leaf ethanol extracts showed the maximum amount of phenolics (336.84 mg GAE/g extract), tannin (331.52 mg GAE/g extract) and (176.18 mg RE/g extract) content. It also revealed the presence of highest antioxidant property by estimating DPPH% (IC50: 24.33 μg/mL), ABTS (68645.8 μM TE/g extract), Superoxide (83.69%) radical scavenging activity and Phosphomolybdenum (21.08 mg AAE/g). Piper peepuloides leaf extracts have a tremendous amount of antioxidant potential, making them a good source of natural antioxidant supplements for food to protect against oxidative stress-related diseases.

Nishanthi N*1 and Anandraj K2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 652–655

Geetanjali*1, Shakti Bhardwaj2 and Rakesh Bhargava3

1 Department of Zoology, S. M. S. Government Model Science College, Gwalior - 474 009, Madhya Pradesh, India 2 Department of Zoology, Government KRG PG (Autonomous) College, Gwalior - 474 006, Madhya Pradesh, India 3 Division of Microbiology, DRDE, Gwalior - 474 002, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Toxicology is defined as the study of harmful and toxic components and the adverse effects of toxic components found in plants. The present study has been undertaken to study the adverse or hazardous effects of aqueous extract of polyherbal formulation, dissolve it in distilled water and determine the LD50 to establish the safety of aqueous extract of polyherbal formulation in albino rats as per OECD guideline 423. All rats were administered orally the aqueous extract of the polyherbal formulation in single dosage of 2000mg/kg body weight. All animal were observed for toxic signs at 24 hours and for the next 14 days. Conclusively indicates the LD50 value of the aqueous extract of the polyherbal formulation classified under category 5 as per OECD guideline 423. No mortality or any significant changes was observed at 2000 mg/kg body weight, behavior pattern, and wellness parameter. The present study promotes that an acute oral study of Polyherbal formulation was found to be non-toxic and safe drug in the tested experimental conditions.

Geetanjali*1, Shakti Bhardwaj2 and Rakesh Bhargava3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 656–660

Kumaresan Marappan*1, Kovvasu Khanchana2 and Vijai Ananth Arumugam3

1 Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai - 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Horticultural Polytechnic College, Mango Research Station, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, Nuzvid - 521 201, Andhra Pradesh, India 3 School of Agricultural Sciences, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Samayapuram - 621 112, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Jasminum sambac, one of the most significant commercial flower crops, is extensively grown in India and is prized for its fragrant, eye-catching blooms. Because of their lovely aroma, these flowers are in high demand for export. However, one of the biggest issues farmers deal with is the shelf life of flower buds, which results in browning of petals and an abrupt loss of aroma on the second day of harvest. The present experiment was laid out in a CRD with 11 treatments and 3 replications. The chemical treatments like T1 (Benzyladeninepurine -100ppm), T2 (Benzyladeninepurine -200ppm), T3 (Kinetin -100ppm), T4 (Kinetin -200ppm), T5 (Boric acid-2%), T6 (Boric acid-4%), T7 (Salicyclic acid-25ppm), T8 (Salicyclic acid-50ppm), T9 (Sodium benzoate-25ppm), T10 (Sodium benzoate-50ppm) and T11 (Control). Among the different chemical treatments, the Jasminum flower buds treated with boric acid (2%) retained the maximum freshness index (74.79%), color retention index (60.86%), moisture content (67.66%), fragrance index (3.87), and shelf life (57.92 hours). The minimum physiological loss in weight (9.15%), total phenol content (6.41 mg/g), flower opening index (33.66), and browning index (32.41). The experiment's findings indicated that treating jasmine flower buds with 2% boric acid extended the flower bud quality and shelf life.

Kumaresan Marappan*1, Kovvasu Khanchana2 and Vijai Ananth Arumugam3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 661–664

Umank Mishra*1, Nikhil Ghodichore2, Kruti Jethwa3, Maya Rajnarayan Ray4 and Anoop Narain Singh5

1, 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Junwani, Bhilai Durg - 490 020, Chhattisgarh, India 2 Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, University Teaching Department, CSVTU, Bhilai - 491 107, Chhattisgarh, India 4 Department of Civil Engineering, Birsa Institute of Technology, Sindri - 828 123, Jharkhand, India 5 Department of Civil Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Aquaponics, a symbiotic integration of aquaculture and hydroponics, presents a promising solution to address the challenges posed by population growth, urbanization, environmental degradation, and economic constraints in food production. As a vital source of animal protein, aquaculture plays a crucial role in meeting global food demands. However, conventional aquaculture practices often encounter issues such as water pollution, resource inefficiency, and high production costs. Aquaponics offers a holistic approach by utilizing the waste from fish farming to fertilize plants, which, in turn, purify the water for the aquatic organisms. This study aims to optimize aquaponic systems for efficient and sustainable food production. It encompasses various aspects, including system design, theoretical frameworks, practical implementation, ideal environmental conditions, and management strategies. Additionally, the study explores suitable combinations of aquaculture and horticulture species, ensuring compatibility and maximizing productivity. By achieving a balance between nutrient cycling, water conservation, and ecological integrity, aquaponic systems strive to produce high-quality organic food while minimizing environmental impacts and operational costs. Ultimately, this research seeks to advance the development and adoption of aquaponics as a viable solution for future food security challenges.

Umank Mishra*1, Nikhil Ghodichore2, Kruti Jethwa3, Maya Rajnarayan Ray4 and Anoop Narain Singh5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 665–671

Mintumoni Pegu1 and Moirangthem Kameshwor Singh*2

1-2 Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India

Abstract

Aquaculture, as a vital component of global food production, faces pressing challenges in meeting the growing demand for food while ensuring environmental sustainability and resource optimization. To address these challenges, the integration of emerging digital technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and Robotics, has gained considerable momentum in the aquaculture industry. By utilizing the real-time data insights from IoT, the aerial capabilities of UAVs, and the intelligent decision-making of AI and ML, aquaculture farmers can adjust their practices for optimal outcomes. The combined utilization of these technologies empowers aquaculture farmers with data-driven decision-making capabilities, promoting sustainable practices and minimizing environmental impacts. As technology continues to advance, the potential for further innovation in these fields promises to drive significant advancements in aquaculture practices, fostering a resilient and thriving industry for the future.

Mintumoni Pegu1 and Moirangthem Kameshwor Singh*2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 07-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 672–673

Sandeep Bhardwaj*1 and Rupali Sharma2

1 Department of Basic Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India 2 Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India

Abstract

Artificial intelligence can also be used to predict weather patterns and adjust irrigation schedules accordingly, reducing the need for manual adjustments based on weather forecasts. This can lead to significant water savings and improved crop yields. In terms of optimizing crop selection and planning, AI can analyze historical data and environmental factors to recommend the most suitable crops for a specific region, taking into account factors such as soil type, climate, and water availability. This can help farmers make more informed decisions about what crops to plant and where, leading to higher yields and reduced water usage. Overall, the use of AI in irrigation has the potential to significantly reduce water usage, improve crop yields, and minimize environmental impacts associated with agriculture. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative applications of AI in water management and agriculture specifically on weather forecasts. This can lead to significant water savings and improved crop yields. In terms of optimizing crop selection and planning, AI can analyze historical data and environmental factors to recommend the most suitable crops for a specific region, taking into account factors such as soil type, climate, and water availability. Overall, the use of AI in irrigation has the potential to significantly reduce water usage, improve crop yields, and minimize environmental impacts associated with agriculture. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see even more innovative applications of AI in water management and agriculture. With the use of Drone Technology and UAV use of AI are very much in use in the scientific institutions. Only need of hour is that these technologies need a significant revision to be used on a small and modular format which may offer as a one platform for the farmers as a service.

Sandeep Bhardwaj*1 and Rupali Sharma2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 08-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 674–681

Sofia S*1 and Ajmila Majeed2

1-2 Department of Botany, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), Kollam - 691 001, Kerala, India

Abstract

The research aimed to explore the genetic diversity of Sphagneticola trilobata populations sourced from Thiruvananthapuram and Alleppey, two distinct locations in Kerala, India, utilizing ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers, a robust tool in population genetics for assessing genetic variation. Subsequently, DNA extraction was carried out following established molecular biology protocols to obtain high-quality genomic DNA from the collected samples. ISSR analysis was then conducted, employing PCR amplification targeting regions between microsatellite sequences, with primers designed to anneal at these sites. The resulting amplification patterns served as fingerprints, reflecting the genetic variation within the samples. For comprehensive data analysis, Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's Information index were computed to quantitatively assess genetic diversity within each population. The study unveiled significant disparities in genetic diversity metrics between the two locations, Polymorphic diversity analysis further supported this, highlighting heightened genetic variation in Sample 2 from Thiruvananthapuram. Overall, Sample 2 consistently displayed elevated genetic diversity, suggesting a more robust genetic makeup compared to Sample 1 from Alleppey. These findings not only contribute to our understanding of the genetic variation, effective allele numbers, and information content within Sphagneticola trilobata populations but also hold implications for conservation strategies and evolutionary studies in the studied regions.

Sofia S*1 and Ajmila Majeed2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 682–685

Saddam Hossain Mondal1 and Ayanangshu Sarkar2

1-2 Department of Economics, Heramba Chandra College, Kolkata - 700 029, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Pulses are an important food crops in the country. The crop supplied a major part of food security in the country. We have estimated the state wise production growth rates of total pulses in India during 1980-81to 2015-16. We have selected 15 agriculturally developed states for our research study. The secondary data on total pulses production are collected from the Reserve Bank of India, Different issues of Statistical Abstract of India (BAES). We have applied stochastic trend i.e., either TSP or DSP of non-stationary series for checking the production growth rates of total pulses in the country. In the case of stationary series, we have applied deterministic trend i.e., kinked exponential trend equation for estimating the production growth rates of total pulses in the country during the study period from 1980-81 to 2015-16. The production growth rates in total pulses are significantly positive with low value in a few states but most of the states in the country experienced either negative or no growth in this production over the whole study period. But in the case of sub-period growth rates, we observed that the production growth rates of total pulses in most of states had been either significantly negative or insignificant in the third or fourth sub-period as compared to the other sub-periods in the country.

Saddam Hossain Mondal1 and Ayanangshu Sarkar2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 686–690

Labanya Pal*1

1 Department of Economics, Suri Vidyasagar College, Suri, Birbhum - 731 101, West Bengal, India

Abstract

This study seeks to examine the impact of climate change on the yield of major crops in India. We compiled annual time series data of seven major crops namely, rice, wheat, pulses, groundnut, rapeseed and mustard, sugarcane, and cotton for 57 years (1964-65 to 2020-21) to study the impact of climatic variables namely, rainfall, maximum, and minimum temperatures on major crop yields in India. Ordinary least square as well as quantile regression technique were used to estimate the impact of climate change on the yield of seven major crops. The estimated results indicate that rainfall has a significant favourable effect on the yields of most crops except rapeseed and mustard (R&M). The average maximum temperature has a significantly adverse effect on rice, pulses and rapeseed and mustard (R&M) yields except on sugarcane and cotton yields. However, average minimum temperature has a positive relationship with crop yield in general. Thus, proper agricultural policy is needed to mitigate the adverse effects of climatic factors on crop yields.

Labanya Pal*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 691–695

G. Rahamathulla1 and B. Sannappa*2

1-2 Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Mansagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India

Abstract

An investigation was carried out to know the constraints perceived by the silkworm rearers in management of the uzi fly in Mandya district of Karnataka, India using pre-structured interview schedule. Uzi fly is the major pest on silkworm which is enforced to damage cocoon production considerably. Silkworm rearers in management of the uzi fly are grouped into three categories (small, medium and big] based on their size of mulberry land holding. Constraints perceived by the silkworm rearers have been classified into four groups namely, general constraints, constraints in the use of physical method, constraints in the use of chemical method and constraints in the use of biological method. In respect of total farmers, large group of silkworm rearers expressed that financial problem in management of the uzi fly was a prime constraint (79.50%] and next in the order were incidence of uzi fly (72.00%], lack of awareness about uzi fly control measures (68.50%] and lack of knowledge about the incidence of uzi fly (66.50%]. In physical method, cent per cent of the silkworm rearers opined that no support from government for purchase of nylon net was a major constraint followed by expensive in purchase of nylon net (96.00%] and lack of knowledge (65.00%]. In chemical method, equal number of silkworm rearers (86.00%] expressed inputs are costly and non-demonstration of method, whereas 82.50% of silkworm rearers opined chemical method was not effective and non-availability of inputs. However, in biological method, large group of rearers opined that no awareness on the use of biological method was a major constraint (82.50%], followed by non-availability of biological agents (79.50%] and biological agents are not required (79.00%).

G. Rahamathulla1 and B. Sannappa*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 696–698

Vidhya Vijaya Raghavan*1 and T. Vishwanathan2

1 Department of Microbiology, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Microbiology, LRG Women's College, Tiruppur - 641 604, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The study investigates the antibacterial activity of Cyperus rotundus extract against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, indicating potential as an alternative treatment strategy. The extract demonstrates concentration-dependent inhibition zones, suggesting a dose-response relationship and highlighting its potential efficacy, among the 5 isolates tested, 2 of were well suppressed and inhibition activity was observed at 2.5mg of extract. Phytochemical analysis reveals bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties, underscoring its therapeutic potential. Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms of action and optimize dosage regimens for clinical use, contributing to efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Vidhya Vijaya Raghavan*1 and T. Vishwanathan2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 699–702

Ajeet Kumar*1 and Shambhu Nath Jha2

1 University Department of Botany, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India 2 Department of Botany, K. S. R. College, Sarairanjan, Samastipur - 848 127, Bihar, India

Abstract

Bacterial diseases are a major challenge in papaya cultivation, causing significant yield losses worldwide. Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas solanacearum, and Xanthomonas campestris, are a major challenge for papaya growers, leading to substantial yield losses. In this study, LAB strains were isolated from milk curd, and their efficacy as biological control agents against bacterial diseases in papaya was evaluated through in-planta application. The results showed that LAB strains were effective in suppressing bacterial growth in papaya plants, reducing the incidence and severity of bacterial diseases, and improving plant growth and yield. The findings suggest that in-planta application of LAB can be a potential strategy for biological control of bacterial diseases in papaya. Biological control using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a promising alternative for managing bacterial diseases in papaya.

Ajeet Kumar*1 and Shambhu Nath Jha2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 703–708

Arup Ghosh*1, Shailendra Kumar Sinha2 and Pradip Kumar Bandyopadhyay3

1-3 Department of Life Science (Zoology), Binod Bihari Mahato Koyalanchal University, Dhanbad - 826 001, Jharkhand, India 4 Dean, Students’ Welfare, Binod Bihari Mahato Koyalanchal University University, Dhanbad - 826 001, Jharkhand, India 3 Burdwan Raj College, University of Burdwan, Purbo Bardhaman - 713 104, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Aedes sp. mosquito is a dreaded vector and carrier of pathogens of different life-threatening diseases causing global community health problems. At present its formal life cycle is with some controversy as it has been reported by many authors that the ecosystem of Aedes sp. needs to be investigated in different ways, based on that philosophy an innovational hypothesis has been framed on a new ecosystem of Aedes sp. in the water reserve of multi-chambered septic tank. A year-round study and survey have been carried out on the physical parameters and vector population (pupa/adult stages) of both the Septic Tank Environment (STE) and the Ambient Atmospheric Environment (AAE). The acquired data were evaluated using the ANOVA and produced significant results. The F-Values for STE and AAE were 177.2 and 4.58527, respectively. The corresponding P-values were <0.0001 and <0.5. The Vector Population Mean for STE and AAE was 271.42 and 122.08, respectively, across all three values. Other values are also highly significant as well supportive in favor of the STE environment for Aedes sp., leading to a condition of water reserve of septic tank can effectively be utilized as a “new and alternative ecosystem by Aedes sp. Vector”.

Arup Ghosh*1, Shailendra Kumar Sinha2 and Pradip Kumar Bandyopadhyay3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 709–714

Anupama Natesh*1 and Arun Kumar Bhat2

1-2 Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala - 574 110, Karnataka, India

Abstract

In this paper, the estimation of water quality index (WQI) and hydro chemical analysis by statistical methods was carried out in the Padre microwatershed Kasaragod Kerala. WQI was calculated in order to find out the deviation in the water quality parameters particularly with respect to BIS permissible limits. Total 30 locations were selected of which samples were collected from fourteen open wells and thirteen Surangam water and three combined Surangam and open wells for the hydrochemical analysis. The Water Quality Index (WQI) values accept the suitability of water for drinking purposes. The center portion and southeast region of Padre microwatershed shows the quality of water is suitable for drinking purposes with WQI ranging from 0 to 58 in the pre-monsoon season and 0 to 49 in the post-monsoon season. Only few open wells namely, OW3, OW4, OW5, OW6, OW7 and OW13 at the bottom of the hillocks unfit for the same. Due to fluoride content above the permissible limit, one Surangam S14 near the northeastern portion and during the post-monsoon period the highest WQI of 108. This shows that proper treatment is necessary before it use for drinking purposes. Moreover, these wells should be protected against the contamination caused due to the fertilizers from agricultural lands.

Anupama Natesh*1 and Arun Kumar Bhat2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 715–720

Farhana Momtaz*1

1 Maryam Ajmal Women’s College of Science and Technology, Hojai - 782 435, Assam, India

Abstract

This study aims to examine the role of agriculture as a development tool for the Indian economy, focusing on key dimensions such as productivity trends, policy impacts, technology adoption, climate change resilience, gender disparities, and government interventions. Through an analysis of secondary data and published literature, the study reveals notable improvements in agricultural productivity across major states, driven by targeted investments, policy interventions, and technological advancements. Agricultural policies such as Minimum Support Prices (MSP), subsidies, and insurance schemes have positively influenced farmer incomes and market stability, although challenges related to market integration and climate change resilience persist. The increasing adoption of climate-smart technologies shows potential for improving sustainability and tackling climate risks. However, persistent gender gaps in agriculture hinder women’s access to resources. government spending in agriculture development is on rise, signaling a dedication to rural well-being and inclusive growth. Overall, the study underscores the need for holistic and inclusive approaches to agricultural development, integrating gender perspectives, environmental sustainability, and social equity. By fostering innovation, strengthening institutions, and promoting multi-stakeholder collaborations, India can harness the transformative potential of agriculture to achieve sustainable development goals and ensure food security for all stakeholders across the agricultural value chain.

Farhana Momtaz*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 721–726

H. M. Mahesha1 and B. Sannappa*2

1-2 Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Mansagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India

Abstract

An investigation has been undertaken to assess the efficacy of organic based foliar formulations viz., Vermiwash, Panchagavya, and Jeevamrutha at three different concentrations (5, 7.5 and 10.0%) (Check: Seriboost @ 0.25%, Water control and Absolute control) through growth and yield parameters of tree mulberry. The organic based foliar formulations were sprayed on mulberry crop at 25 and 32 days after pruning (DAP). The current study revealed that, Vermiwash @ 10% concentration recorded significantly more plant height (112.9 ± 1.205 and 133.5 ± 1.220 cm), number of shoots per plant (23.80 ± 0.265 and 25.33 ± 0.120) and leaves per plant (389.2 ± 2.724 and 498.5 ± 4.989), leaf area (196.7 ± 4.437 and 221.2 ± 5.175 cm2) and leaf area index (5.152 ± 0.132 and 7.421 ± 0.244) at 45 and 60 DAP, respectively when compared to other organic based formulations, Seriboost and controls (Water control and Absolute control). On the other hand, at 60 DAP, both Jeevamrutha and Vermiwash @ 10% recorded highest leaf-shoot ratio (53.40 ± 0.614: 46.40 ± 0.614 and 53.60 ± 0.278: 46.40 ± 0.278). However, Panchagavya sprayed @ 10% concentration registered more specific leaf weight (410.5 ± 3.788g/100 leaves). Whereas, Highest leaf yield (68,788 ± 235.8 kg/ha/year) was recorded due to foliar application of Vermiwash @ 10% concentration compared to Absolute control (52012 ± 333.8 kg/ha/year). Furthermore, Seriboost @ 0.25% displayed limited effectiveness surpassing only the Water control and Absolute control. Overall, the findings inferred that, organic foliar formulations especially Vermiwash and Panchagavya @ 10% concentration can be conveniently used for enhancing the productivity of mulberry.

H. M. Mahesha1 and B. Sannappa*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 727–730

Siddhi Mhatre*1 and Willy Shah2

1 Department of Chemistry, Sonopant Dandekar Arts, V. S. Apte Commerce and M. H. Mehta Science College, Palghar - 401 404, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Annasaheb Vartak College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Vasai - 401 202, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The present study was carried out to develop a reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of Oleanolic acid and Lupeol in Triumfetta Rhomboidea. The chromatographic separation was achieved using analytical C18 (4.6mm × 25cm), 5μm column under isocratic elution of acetonitrile and 2-propanol (90:10) with a flow rate of 1.0ml/min and the detection wavelength was set at 210nm. The column temperature was maintained at 250C and the run time was set at 20 minutes. The developed method was validated for linearity, specificity, system suitability, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification and precision as per the ICH guidelines. The calibration curve was found to be linear between the concentration ranges of 0.009-0.108mg/ml for Oleanolic acid and 0.006-0.072mg/ml for Lupeol. The LOD and LOQ of Oleanolic acid were 0.001105mg/ml and 0.003349mg/ml respectively. The LOD and LOQ of Lupeol were 0.001317mg/ml and 0.003992mg/ml respectively. The mean recovery values were in the range of 99.45% and 99.44% for Oleanolic acid and Lupeol. The % RSD values of intra- and inter-day precision analysis were lower than 2%. System suitability parameters were found to be within the acceptance limit.

Siddhi Mhatre*1 and Willy Shah2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 731–735

Rekha Sansanwal*1 and Lalita Singh2

1-2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani - 127 031, Haryana, India

Abstract

The escalating use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture has exacerbated environmental degradation, marked by fossil fuel depletion, CO2 emissions, and water contamination. In India, the disproportionate reliance on these fertilizers poses a significant concern. Meanwhile, organic residues, often disposed of through burning or landfilling, contribute to soil degradation and the decline of essential environmental organisms. Among these, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and earthworms are pivotal in enhancing soil health. Vermicomposting emerges as a sustainable solution, leveraging earthworms to decompose organic waste and yield nutrient-rich vermicast or vermicompost. This organic fertilizer enriches soil fertility, enhancing nutrient availability and soil structure. Earthworms efficiently process various organic materials such as paper, manure, crop residues, food leftovers, and yard trimmings, transforming them into valuable products like worm meal and castings. Vermicompost not only reduces reliance on chemical fertilizers but also serves as a biocontrol agent, mitigating plant diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens. Additionally, it improves the soil's C:N ratio, mitigates heavy metal impacts, and fosters beneficial soil microflora. Thus, vermicomposting presents a promising avenue for sustainable agriculture and environmental stewardship.

Rekha Sansanwal*1 and Lalita Singh2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 15-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 740–742

M. G. Jadhav1 and N. S. Suryawanshi*2

1-2 Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, K. V. Pendharkar College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous) Dombivli (E) - 421 203, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The mangrove ecosystem is a vital coastal habitat that supports diverse flora and fauna while providing essential ecosystem services. Understanding and monitoring water quality parameters are crucial for assessing the health and functioning of mangrove ecosystems. In this study, a comprehensive assessment of water quality parameters in a mangrove ecosystem, including temperature, pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), alkalinity, hardness, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) were estimated. Present investigating reveals that significant variability in above parameters, indicating that the dynamic nature of the mangrove environment. While temperature and pH levels exhibited moderate fluctuations within acceptable ranges for mangrove ecosystems of Palghar, elevated levels of suspended and dissolved solids, along with the presence of organic pollutants, suggest potential anthropogenic impacts on water quality. Despite these challenges, relatively stable levels of alkalinity and hardness reflect the ecosystem's resilience to natural processes and its ability to maintain nutrient availability. Furthermore, the presence of organic pollutants highlights the need for proactive conservation and management strategies to mitigate water quality degradation and safeguard the health of mangrove ecosystems. Continued monitoring and collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, and local communities are essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of mangrove ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide.

M. G. Jadhav1 and N. S. Suryawanshi*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 740–742

Syeda Ayesha*1

1 Government First Grade College, Kuvempunagar, Mysore - 570 023, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadoxine (SDX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), the widely used sulfa drugs are proposed as new coupling agents for the spectrophotometric determination of cardanol a phenolic compound found in cashew nut shell liquid which is a by-product of cashew industry. The methods are based on the interaction of diazotized sulfa drugs with cardanol to produce a yellow-coloured product with a maximum absorption at 415 nm. The colour developed was stable up to 24h. The methods obey Beer's law. The methods can be successfully employed for the determination of cardanol in presence of common excipients like glucose, lactose, dextrose, starch, sodium alginate and sodium lauryl sulphate, which do not interfere in the proposed methods.

Syeda Ayesha*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 743–747

S. M. Anuradha1 and K. Anbarasu*2

1-2 Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Thiru Kolanjiappar Government Arts College (Affiliated to Annamalai University), Vriddhachalam - 606 001, Chidambaram - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Imidazolium fluorochromate (IFC) is one of the chromium (VI) mild oxidant. This oxidant can be used to oxidize some para substituted phenols such as p-methyl, p-carboxy, p-nitro, p-chloro, p-methoxy, p-bromo, it shows that the reaction was first order concerning [IFC], phenols and fractional order concerning [H+]. There is a negligible change of reaction rate was observed during the addition of sodium perchlorate. Decrease the rate of reaction for increase the dielectric constant and manganous sulphate concentration. Absence of free radical mechanism while the addition of a drop of acrylonitrile. Thermodynamic and activation parameters were calculated from Eyring’s equation using thermostat in the temperature range 298 K to 313K. The substrate concentration and temperature variation can be studied for the para substituted phenols. From the attained kinetic investigations, a suitable mechanism and rate law was derived. The structure-reactivity relationship can be calculated using the drawn of Hammett plot. An excellent correlation is obtained from Exner’s plot of log k1 (303 K, 308 K, 313 K) versus log k1 (298K). It indicates that mentioned para- substituted phenols follow a uniform mechanism.

S. M. Anuradha1 and K. Anbarasu*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 748–750

Shekhar Phadtare1 and Vinod R. Ragade*2

1-2 Department of Zoology, KET'S V.G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous) Mithagar Road, Mulund East, Mumbai - 400 081, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The present work utilizes the traditional methods for extracting, purifying, and estimating fat samples from Capra hircus. Through the Soxhlet method extracted, the animal fat sample and a rotatory evaporator were used to refine it. The purified sample was analyzed with the help of an FT-IR spectroscopic device and detected the different functional groups. These functional groups represented saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Different parameters evaluated the analytical properties of the fat sample. It observed that the fats of Capra hircus consist of pH value 6.7, melting point 36-56ºC, refractive index 1.448 -1.460, specific gravity 0.90, density 0.85-0.90, iodine value 55-60 I2/100gm, and the smoke point is 0.2% at 210ºC respectively. Finally, we concluded that the fat of Capra hircus in different food products, including ice cream, chocolate, cheese, pastries, chewing gums, potato chips, and hard candy, will be commonly utilized.

Shekhar Phadtare1 and Vinod R. Ragade*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 751–755

Mrunmai Sonawane1, Tipale Mayuri*2 and Jadhav Balaji3

1-3 Department of Food Technology, NIMS Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology (NIMS University), Jaipur - 303 121, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Iron and folate are essential micronutrients crucial for various physiological processes in the human body. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the nutritional significance, health benefits, and dietary recommendations associated with iron and folate-based products. Iron plays a pivotal role in oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis, while folate is vital for cell division, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation. Deficiencies in these nutrients can lead to anemia, neural tube defects, and impaired cognitive function. Iron and folate supplementation have shown to alleviate these deficiencies and improve overall health outcomes. However, excessive intake of iron can be harmful, leading to oxidative stress and organ damage. Therefore, dietary recommendations emphasize achieving a balance between meeting nutritional needs and avoiding toxicity. Incorporating iron-rich foods such as lean meats, beans, and fortified cereals, along with folate-rich sources like leafy greens, citrus fruits, and fortified grains, can help maintain optimal levels of these nutrients. This review underscores the importance of adequate iron and folate intake for promoting overall health and well-being.

Mrunmai Sonawane1, Tipale Mayuri*2 and Jadhav Balaji3 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 17-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 756–762

B. Appanna*1 and Y. Sujatha2

1-2 Department of Geography, S. V. University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

The aim of the Present study is to analyze the spatial distribution of agricultural crops in the Tungabhadra River basin of Kurnool district using statistical techniques such as Crop Concentration and Crop Diversification. The study focuses on the mandal level, covering a total of 30 mandals within the basin. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from the Chief Planning Office of Kurnool District (C.P.O) and the Handbook of Statistics, Kurnool District, for the year 2019-20. A total of seventeen crops were considered for this study. The Bhatia's Location Quotient method (1965) was employed to calculate the crop concentration, while the Gibbs and Martin's Quantitative technique (1962) was used to compute the crop diversification index. To visually represent the cropping patterns across the entire basin, the mandal was chosen as the base unit for areal mapping. Among the seventeen crops analyzed, Cotton (37%), Groundnut (15%), Bengal gram (13%), and red gram (9%) were found to be the most widely cultivated crops in the basin. The diversification of crops was found to be high in three mandals, moderate in fourteen mandals, and low in thirteen mandals.

B. Appanna*1 and Y. Sujatha2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 763–766

D. Jancy Rani*1 and S. S. Vijayanchali2

1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dr. N. G. P. Arts and Science College, Coimbatore - 641 048, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Home Science, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul (District), Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Tomato is one of the popular and most consumed vegetable in the world. Tomatoes constitute an important agricultural crop and are an integral part of the human diet. Tomatoes have been traditionally credited as rich sources of carotenoids and vitamins; particularly β- carotene, pro vitamin A and ascorbic acid. The present work aims to explore the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of fresh and cabinet dried Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato) fruit proportions (skin, pulp and seed). Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out by the standard procedure to identify the secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, quinons, phlobatannin, phenol, saponin, tannin, terpenoids and steroids with different solvent extracts. Quantitative phytochemical test such as Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Total Phenol were also done. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out by standard procedures to identify the secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins, steroids and terpenoids present in the methnolic extracts of fresh and dried tomatoes. UV spectrometry was used to do Lycopene analysis. From this study it can be concluded that fresh tomato contains number of phytochemicals.

D. Jancy Rani*1 and S. S. Vijayanchali2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 767–770

S. Mahalakshmi*¹ and Praveena S.²

1 Department of Nutrition Food Service Management and Dietetics, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women (Autonomous), (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chrompet Chennai - 600 044, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Home Science Food Science, Nutrition and Dietetics, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women (Autonomous), (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chrompet Chennai - 600 044, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Euryale ferox (also known as foxnut), belongs to the family Nymphaeaceae. It is grown in India, China, Japan, and Korea. It is a highly nutritious food, abundant in nutritional, medicinal value, and bioactive compounds such as carbohydrates, protein, and fiber. The product was formulated by trial-and-error method by evaluating using 9 - point hedonic scale. Based on the results, it could be concluded that Treatment 2 Khakhra is best accepted. which represents the obtained value is greater than the other sample given for sensory evaluation. Makhana contains high-quality easily digestible 11.16 % protein. Makhana, contains the least fat and is good from a health point of view the aim of this study was to investigate the benefits of combining makhana with khakhra, a popular Indian snack. The study found that incorporating makhana into khakhra resulted in a product that offered a protein packed snack product. Moreover, the addition of makhana enhanced the nutritional value of the khakhra by providing a reliable source of protein, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. These components contribute to improved satiety, digestive health, and overall well-being. The objective is to assess the physical and mechanical properties, evaluate the microbial and antioxidant activity of the product and to determine the shelf life and cost of the product. The results revealed that the inclusion of makhana powder improved the nutritive value of the khakhra. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH, results significantly increased the antioxidant activity of the formulated product. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that incorporating makhana into khakhra not only enhances the taste and texture but also increases the nutritional benefits.

S. Mahalakshmi*¹ and Praveena S.² Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 771–775

A. M. Shinde*1, S. A. Saraf2 and J. B. Aghade3

1-3 Department of Zoology, Government College of Arts and Science, Chhatrapati, Sambhajinagar - 431 004, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Bees play a crucial role in maintaining global ecosystems and agricultural sustainability. The preservation of their habitats is a collective responsibility that is essential for the continued existence of these essential insects. This article explores the significance of conserving diverse bee habitats, emphasizing stakeholders’ shared duty in securing the future of bee populations. The study focuses on different strategies, including habitat restoration, reduced pesticide use, community involvement and policy initiatives, highlighting the need for a multifaceted approach. Emphasizing the interconnectedness between bees, habitats, and human well-being, this research highlights the urgent need for concerted action for a sustainable future.

A. M. Shinde*1, S. A. Saraf2 and J. B. Aghade3 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 20-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 776–780

P. S. Rayate1, A. S. Kale*2, A. S. Kadbhane3, K. S. Wagh4, B. A. Bhanjale5 and S. S. Yeulkar6

1, 3, 5-6 P. G. Department of Microbiology, S.V.K.T College, Deolali Camp, Nashik - 422 401, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Microbiology, KSKW Arts, Commerce and Science College, CIDCO, Nashik - 422 008, Maharashtra, India 4 Department of Chemistry, KTHM College, Nashik - 422 002, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The development of techniques for extracting silica from different waste products is a result of the use of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) in a variety of industrial products. Rice husk is an agricultural waste that contains a lot of amorphous silica and was used for synthesis. However, the color and purity of the result may suffer if metal ion contaminants and unburned carbon are present in the rice husk component. The current work aims to refine the silica extraction process, enhance its purity, and ultimately generate the highest-quality SNPs from agricultural waste using an environmentally benign manner. Hydrochloric acid was used in this work to assess the pre-treatment's impact on rice husk. In an electric furnace set at 7000C, a controlled calcination procedure was used to extract silica. The hydrochloric acid treatment demonstrated the best treatment, according to the results obtained after SEM, FTIR, and XRD investigations. After that, this product was exposed to the sol-gel technique of chemical precipitation to produce silica nanoparticles. The achievement of producing silica nanoparticles with an average size of 200 ± 20 nm, spherical shape, and 98% purity is indicative of successful production.

P. S. Rayate1, A. S. Kale*2, A. S. Kadbhane3, K. S. Wagh4, B. A. Bhanjale5 and S. S. Yeulkar6 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 781–784

Kumaresan Marappan*1, Vijai Ananth Arumugam2 and Kovvasu Khanchana3

1 Department of Horticulture, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai - 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Horticulture, JSA College of Agriculture and Technology, Avatti, Tittakudi, Cuddalore - 606 108, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Horticultural Polytechnic College, Mango Research Station, Dr. Y. S. R. Horticultural University, Nuzvid - 521 201, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Mango (Mangifera indica), considered to be a member of the Anacardiacae family, is a significant tropical fruit crop with potential markets. After being harvested, mangoes ripen rapidly, which reduces their potential for handling, storing, and transportation. The experiment on the improvement of shelf life and quality of mango by edible coating was laid out in a randomized design (CRD) with ten treatments and three replications. The treatments consist of T1-Honey Bee Wax 10%, T2-Honey Bee Wax 25%, T3-Honey Bee Wax 30%, T4-Aloe Vera Gel 10%, T5-Aloe Vera Gel 25%, T6-Aloe Vera Gel 30%, T7-Gelatin 10%, T8-Gelatin 25%, T9-Gelatin 30%, and T10-Control. The observations on physiological parameters, biochemical parameters, and organoleptic evaluations were recorded on the on the 3rd, 6th and 9th days after treatment. The results revealed that the mango treated with T3 (Honey Bee Wax 25%) significantly reduced the physiological loss in weight (0.19, 0.25, and 0.33%) and maximum TSS of 9.29, 10.88, and 14.14 brix, respectively. The lowest spoilage loss at 6th (0.45) and 9th day (0.69), maximum days taken for shriveling initiation (10.50 days), and maximum shelf life (16.35 days) were recorded when the mango fruits were treated with Honey Bee Wax 25% compared to other treatments. Organoleptic characters like fruit color, pulp color, taste, aroma, and overall acceptability showed the maximum scores in treatment T3 (Honey bee Wax 25%). Honey bee Wax 25% was found to be better for mango fruits to enhance shelf life and maintain the quality of fruits.

Kumaresan Marappan*1, Vijai Ananth Arumugam2 and Kovvasu Khanchana3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 785–788

Anupam Kumari*1 and Deokant2

1 University Department of Botany, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India 2 Department of Botany, Samastipur College (Lalit Narayan Mithila University), Samastipur - 848 134, Bihar, India

Abstract

Chemicals used as pesticides are designed to kill pests. Pesticides undoubtedly play a crucial role in raising agricultural yields and protecting crops from pest infestations, but their toxicity poses serious risks to the environment, human health, and the larger ecosystem. Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid pesticide, is use since 1980s in agricultural fields to check pest infestation in different crops for enhanced food production. Excessive use of cypermethrin results in soil contamination, affecting soil micro flora. Because of this contamination's toxicity and long-term endurance, the environment is seriously threatened. A potential solution for the remediation of Cypermethrin contaminated environments. For the purpose to better understand natural remediation processes and maybe use these bacteria for environmentally friendly and sustainable farming practices, we isolated and identified cypermethrin-degrading bacteria from agricultural soil in this study. Following the application of cypermethrin to contaminated agricultural fields, soil samples were collected, and enrichment cultures were used to isolate the bacteria. Our results show that the soil analyzed included a variety of bacterial communities that were able to break down cypermethrin. The study has identified several bacterial genera. Three potent bacteria responsible for pesticide breakdown have been identified: B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. Due to its inherent eco-friendliness, affordability, and effectiveness in detoxifying pesticide-contaminated ecosystems, bioremediation seems as a tempting method.

Anupam Kumari*1 and Deokant2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 789–795

Gokila T1 and Sincy Joseph*2

1-2 Department of Botany, Nirmala College for Women, Coimbatore - 641 018, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Crotalaria ramosissima leaves are among the important wild medicinal plant used by the tribes of the Western Ghats. However, this underutilized leaf remained unnoticed for its medicinal properties. Hence, the present study was undertaken to evaluate primary phytochemical, secondary metabolites by phenolic, tannin and flavonoid, antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assays, superoxide scavenging activity, Phosphomolybdenum, and anti-inflammatory activity by membrane stabilization method. leaf ethyl acetate extracts showed the maximum amount of phenolics (80.19 mg GAE/g extract), tannin (70.58 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (111.55 mg RE/g). It also revealed the presence of ethyl acetate highest antioxidant properties by estimating DPPH (IC50 value of 34.46 µg/mL), ABTS (74263.9 µM TE/g), FRAP ethanol (32.29 mM Fe (II)/mg extract), Superoxide radical scavenging activity (54.79%,) and Phosphomolybdenum (145 mg AAE/g extract). The ethyl acetate extract (76.75%) showed a high degree of inhibition in the anti-inflammatory assay. V. symplocifolium leaf extracts have a tremendous amount of antioxidant potential, making them a good source of antioxidant supplements for food to protect against oxidative stress-related diseases, including inflammation.

Gokila T1 and Sincy Joseph*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 796–800

Parvat Singh*1

1 Department of Economics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow - 226 007, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Instability is an essential characteristic of agriculture; since agriculture depends on weather conditions, the crop area, production and productivity are subject to significant variation over time. Measuring instability and persistently identifying sources of instability are essential areas of research. The present study pertains to Uttar Pradesh, which occupies an essential place in the country’s agricultural production. The study was undertaken to examine the trend in growth and instability in the output of major crops over the last 32 years, from 1990 to 2022. A semi-log regression model was used to analyze major crops' growth and trend (rice, wheat, coarse, oilseed, sugarcane), and instability was performed by generating the Cuddy Dell instability index. The study observed that most crops had a positive but low growth rate in area and production. Moreover, most crops were found instable in terms of area, production and productivity over time. Therefore, proper policies should be formulated to make the state self-sufficient in the agriculture sector, which resorts to imports, by reducing instability and increasing the production of major crops.

Parvat Singh*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 801–808

Manju Bhardwaj1 and Shikha Singh*2

1-2 Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki - 225 003, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Greenhouse technology is one of the prominent solutions for agricultural cultivation where harsh climatic conditions occur. Extreme summer/winter temperature is a major setback for crop production in greenhouse environment throughout year. Selection of shape and material of greenhouse is a critical parameter for the optimal growth. Agricultural products dried in greenhouse have been proven to be of higher quality than those dried in open sun because they are shielded from dust, rain, insects, birds, and animals. An exhaustive literature review reveals that even-span roof and Quonset shape greenhouses are widely used for growing and drying of the crop. To make self-sustaining greenhouse system, photovoltaic (PV) modules are added onto the roof of the greenhouse which can provide electrical energy as well as crop production with higher efficiency. A detailed review of the construction materials of PV cell has been carried out. In this paper, an attempt has been made to critically review of various shapes and sizes of greenhouse structure to select optimal one for a specific extreme condition.

Manju Bhardwaj1 and Shikha Singh*2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 23-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 809–813

Karthik M1 and P. S. Sujatha*2

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore - 641 018, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Humans are exposed to plastic debris via drinking water, contact with food packaging, inhalation of particles, or Disposable paper cups are popular for consuming beverages, seafood, and personal care items. Microplastic (MPs) particle accumulation in humans can lead to acute reactions such as haemolysis, cytotoxicity, hypersensitivity, and an unwanted immune response. Antioxidants promote cell oxidation, maintain redox balance, defend physical and metabolic integrity, and limit medication and illness-related harm. Lagerstroemia speciosa is a medicinal and ornamental plant that belongs to the family Lythraceae, commonly known as ‘Poomaruthu’ in Tamil. The study aims to explore the effects of microplastics on glyphosate-treated albino rats as well as the antioxidant properties of L. speciosa ethanolic leaf extract. Group II is the negative control group, Groups IV and V receive the leaf extract, and Group III is given valoneic acid treatment. The control group is given a typical diet. The experiments were carried out for 45 days. The animals were sacrificed, their livers were separated, and their organs were dissected in order to conduct antioxidant research. Determined were the chosen parameters, such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and total Bilirubin. The SGOT was highest in Group II (101±14.3ns) and the experimental group V (253±47.4ns) shows the lowest level of ALP. The level of SGPT was higher in the Control Group (60.8±5.683) and lowest in (46.12±5.508ns) Group V. The result showed that L. speciosa is a source of valoneic acid with antioxidant capacity. Research validates the antioxidative and immune-stimulating characteristics of naturally occurring polypeptides, which are vital in controlling the body's redox status and medication-induced harm.

Karthik M1 and P. S. Sujatha*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 24-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 814–817

Sneh Lata*1 and Vanita Ahlawat2

1-2 Guru Jambeshwar University, Hisar - 125 001, Haryana, India

Abstract

Floriculture is farming or cultivation of flowers and ornamental plants. It provides tremendous scope and opportunities in Indian agriculture exports. The study examines the recent export trend and direction of Indian floriculture. It is expected that world trade in floriculture is growing about 8 to 10 percent annually. India stands 2nd position in production and 14th position in export of floriculture products in whole world. After Covid19 Pandemic share of top five countries from India’s export of flowers is declined from 65 to 45 percent in case of quantity. India’s export of floriculture is considered to 170 countries of the world of which top five countries constitute around 60 percent of total export. But the share of these countries has declined with slight volatility. The value export of floriculture has increased 5 percent but the volume has decreased -2 percent during the study period. Declining volume and increasing value of exports cannot be considered the real development in floriculture sector as enhance the value may be either due to increase global price of flowers or due to shortage of supply. To enhance the Indian floriculture export Government of India should be to increase storage facilities and packing qualities. To technical collaborations with foreign companies Indian economy can generate more foreign income from trade.

Sneh Lata*1 and Vanita Ahlawat2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 818–823

Gita Rana1 and Angsuman Chanda*2

1-2 P. G. Department of Zoology, Natural and Applied Science Research Centre, Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College (Autonomous), (Vidyasagar University), Gope Palace, Midnapore - 721 102, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Present studies revealed the existence of 17 species under 6 genera belonging to Family Penaeidae Rafinesque, 1815 from Subarnarekha estuary in Odisha. Main aim of the study is to reduce the confusion to identify some of the common species of genera like Helleropenaeopsis, Metapenaeus, Parapenaeopsis and Penaeus. During the taxonomic identification some remarkable morphometric traits are observed in subadult stage of Penaeid prawns is highlighted in the work which confused the researchers to identify the species. Here, these characters are considered to be the subadult characters of the species. This work will be helpful to other future researchers to reduce the confusion regarding the morphometric identification of those species.

Gita Rana1 and Angsuman Chanda*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 824–828

Nitesh Singh*1 and Sandhya Sinha2

1-2 Maharishi University of Information Technology, Lucknow - 226 013, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

A total sample of 150 managers, and the response rate was 66% were used in study. A 54% usable questionnaire rate is reasonable. It’s mentioned that convenience sampling was used. While this is common in certain research contexts, it's essential to acknowledge its limitations and discuss how this might impact the generalizability of your findings. Consider discussing the development and validation process of your questionnaire to establish its reliability and validity. Variables and classification classified respondents based on job titles and functions, providing a detailed breakdown. This is important for understanding the perspectives of different roles within the industry. Data Analysis used mean, standard deviation, ANOVA. It's good to see a mix of statistical techniques to gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between variables. As finding is concerned supply chain management practices show a significant relationship with supply chain performance. However, the supply chain management strategy is identified as a weak predictor. Consider discussing possible reasons for this and exploring potential avenues for further research. Offer recommendations for improving supply chain management practices based on the results. Consider discussing limitations of the study and suggesting directions for future research. In literature review and theoretical framework, the researcher ensure that the study is well-grounded in existing literature. Discuss how the research contributes to or challenges current theories and understanding in the field. The conclusion is that researcher summarizes the key findings and their implications for practitioners and researchers.

Nitesh Singh*1 and Sandhya Sinha2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 829–836

Ajay Kumar1 and Raj Kumar*1

1-2 College of Horticulture, Maharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal - 132 001, Haryana, India

Abstract

Simulation and Modeling is a discipline for developing a level of understanding of the interaction of the parts of a system, and of the system as a whole. The present study compares the efficacy of time series Intervention models and simulation in quantifying the pre-harvest mustard yield in Hisar, Bhiwani, Sirsa, and Fatehabad districts of Haryana. The fortnightly weather data on rainfall, minimum temperature and maximum temperature over the crop growth period (September-October to February-March) have been utilized from 1980-81 to 2010-11 for the models’ building. The weather-yield data from 2011-12 to 2015-16 have been used to check the post-sample validity of the fitted models for mustard yield forecasts in comparison to those obtained from State Department of Agriculture crop yield(s) estimates. The statistical modeling approaches; Regression with ARIMA Errors (RegARIMA) and ARIMA-Intervention were applied for the purpose. Five-steps ahead forecast figures favour the use of RegARIMA models to obtain pre-harvest mustard yield forecasts in the districts under study. The forecasts generated by RegARIMA are remarkably close to the forecasts obtained through the simulation process.

Ajay Kumar1 and Raj Kumar*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 837–842

Namrata1, Shardulya Shukla2 and Arup Giri*3

1-3 Department of Zoology, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak - 124 001, Haryana, India

Abstract

Nutritionally enriched food products such as eggs and honey are known to be beneficial for human health. In addition, they also have vital biological functions, such as antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Dietary antioxidants are known to be beneficial for reducing oxidative damage and promoting human health. The objective of the present study was to assess the antioxidant activity and radical scavenging activity of honey and poultry eggs. The antioxidant potential of all the samples was measured by DPPH and FRAP assays. The FRAP values of the egg samples were reported to be significantly greater in the summer season (25.80 mg GAE/g) than in the winter season (22.88 mg GAE/g). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of poultry eggs exhibited a greater trend in winter (26.86%) than in summer (24.53%). In contrast, the FRAP values of honey samples were reported to be highest for Panipat (279.52 µM Fe(II)), followed by Gurgaon (141.19 µM Fe(II)), Rohtak (87.41 µM Fe(II)) and Hisar (87.19 µM Fe(II)) (the lowest). DPPH radical scavenging in honey samples was greatest in Panipat (43.92%) and was similar in samples from Rohtak (17.79%), Gurgaon (17.63%) and Hisar (17.02%). To date, little research has been conducted on this topic involving eggs and honey. For that reason, more studies are required to determine the antioxidant properties of these food products and their impact on human health. This study provides insight into the antioxidant potential of egg and honey samples collected from different districts of Haryana.

Namrata1, Shardulya Shukla2 and Arup Giri*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 843–847

R. Sathish Kumar*1 and G. Anburaj2

1 Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Chemistry, PRIST Deemed to be a University, Thanjavur - 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Here, we determined in qualitative and quantitative study of phytochemicals by using UV, FTIR, HPLC, of Capparis zeylanica. The leaves of medicinal plant were extracted with 70% methanol. The extracts were scanned in the wavelength ranging from 260-900 nm using Perkin Elmer Spectrophotometer and the characteristic peaks were detected. FTIR analysis was performed using Perkin Elmer Spectrophotometer system, which was used to detect the characteristic peaks in ranging from 400-4000 cm-1 and their functional groups. The peak values of the UV and FT-IR were recorded. Each and every analysis was repeated twice for the spectrum confirmation. The phytochemical character of the Capparis zeylanica, leaves were investigated. Among the various extracts, methanol extract contains higher concentration of saponin, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannin and polyphenols as compare to aqueous, petroleum ether and hexane extract. Quantitative analysis showed that Capparis zeylanica leaves contain significant amount of total phenol, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. HPLC profiles of Capparis zeylanica leaves extract showed the presence five compounds namely Quercetin (5.467), myricetin (25.350) and Kaempferol (267.243) and confirmed based on the previous literature studied. Based on UV, FTIR, HPLC, spectrum analysis showed the evidences has been identified as flavonoids in the Capparis zeylanica leaves. These findings introduce Capparis zeylanica as a potentially useful for anti-oxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer.

R. Sathish Kumar*1 and G. Anburaj2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 848–853

V. Anantha Jothi1 and M. Selvi2

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Botany, Sri Parasakthi College for Women (Autonomous), (Affiliated under Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli), Courtallam - 627 802, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

A typical life history of seaweeds is involving a seasonal growth cycle caused by climatic changes occurring throughout the year. Almost all the algae are show to exhibit seasonal growth, development and morphological changes. Brown seaweeds are the most intensely studied type of seaweeds being composed of potentially bioactive polysaccharides such as fucoidan. Fucoidan from Sargassum wightii Greville (S. wightii) has been reported to possess α-D-Glucosidase inhibitory activity. Algae exhibit a very wide range of morphological diversity. The simplest forms are unicellular, microscopic and motile (or) non-motile eukaryotic cells. According to the web definitions histochemistry is the branch of science that deals with the chemical composition of the cells and the tissues of the chemical composition of the cells and tissues of the body and science the combines the techniques of biochemistry and histology in the studies of chemical constitution of cells and tissue.

V. Anantha Jothi1 and M. Selvi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 854–863

Sharmilee Sivakumar1, Suganthi S2 and S. Kavitha*3

1-3 Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Ethiraj College for Women (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai - 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

In contemporary times, elicitors have emerged as a viable solution for managing plant diseases due to their cost-effectiveness and widespread accessibility. The utilization of vitamins as elicitors presents a pioneering strategy in combating plant diseases, characterized by its eco-friendly nature. In the current study, vitamin B1 (thiamine) was used as an elicitor to investigate its effectiveness against early blight (EB) disease in tomato plants (PKM 1 Variety). Thiamine exhibited notable resistance against EB disease when applied at a concentration of 50 mM, showcasing its potential efficacy. Induced defense response that includes the accumulation of free radicals (H2O2 and superoxide anion) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidases, catalase and polyphenol oxidase) was observed in thiamine treated tomato plants. Accumulation of H2O2 (DAB staining) and superoxide anion (NBT staining) proved to show the well- established first line of defense against Alternaria solani in elicited tomato plants. The study demonstrated that the augmentation of defense enzymes resulted in a concomitant decrease in disease symptoms in tomato plants treated with thiamine, as evidenced by disease scale ratings.

Sharmilee Sivakumar1, Suganthi S2 and S. Kavitha*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 31-May-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 864–869

Sakshi Tripathi*1 and Veeru Prakash2

1-2 Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj - 211 007, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Bunium persicum is a plant belonging to Apiaceae family. It possesses medicinal and antifungal properties, which suggest it has great potential for use in medicinal and food industries. In the present study, ethanolic seed extracts of the Bunium persicum were taken on the premise of their ethno botanical uses. The antifungal activity was assessed against significant fungal strain; Aspergillus fumigates by measuring minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Zone of inhibition compared with standard drug fluconazole. The analysis of bioactive compound found in plant extracts using chromatographic method like TLC and LC-MS. Ethanolic extracts of seed is more effective against A. fumigates (18.6mm). The lowest concentrations of antimicrobial agents (0.3125 µ/ml) causing almost complete inhibition of growth in seeds of Bunium persicum (0.73 µg/ml). TLC studies of ethanolic extract of Bunium persicum showed two spots revealed the presence of carbonyl compound, lipid as it gives indigo, blue and orange colour of the spots. After identification four compounds were isolated from seeds of Bunium persicum are Dodecanol, 6-7-Dihydro-2-methyl-5H-cyclopents pyrazine, Lanosteroyl oleate, Methylselenic acid. These findings not only contribute to our understanding of the intricate chemistry of botanical extracts but further exploration of these compounds and their biological activities holds promise for unlocking new therapeutic and functional properties in natural products.

Sakshi Tripathi*1 and Veeru Prakash2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Jun-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 870–875

Shalini Sen1 and Aditi Kothari Chhajer*2

1 Department of Biochemistry, 2 Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara College, Delhi University-South Campus, Delhi - 110 021

Abstract

Innovations and inventions in the field of biotechnology and allied sciences has been increasing at a steady pace over the last several decades, with India moving up in rank in the global innovation index (GII) in the recent years. The stepping up of our ranks clearly point towards an increase in patenting in our country. According to the World Intellectual Property Indicators report, 2023 published by the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) there is a 3.6 % increase in the number of patents filed globally, of which two-thirds are contributed by Asia alone. There has been a steady rise in the number of patents filed in India over the past decade. The field of biotechnology has been a significant contributor to this rise. In the current study, patenting trends especially in the area of biotechnology have been studied using published data. It has been observed that a 175% jump in the number of Indian Patent Applications filed in biotechnology and allied fields was registered in the year 2020-21. Despite an uptrend in the patenting activity, India significantly lags behind its closest contemporaries like China, Korea and Japan. The current study on Patenting Biotechnological Innovations in India, takes a closer look at India’s progress in this field.

Shalini Sen1 and Aditi Kothari Chhajer*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Jun-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 876–878

Soumya L*1 and V. Manimekalai2

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Botany, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli - 627 012), Courtallam - 627 802, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The active constituent in this tree is called Hydroxycitric acid or HCA and is gaining a reputation for assisting weight loss through appetite suppression and by reducing the body`s ability to form adipose tissue during times of overeating. Various sized fruits were analyzed in the GC-MS analysis, the major component is cyclohexanol is used as solvents in a variety of pesticide products, including outdoor yard, garden and turf products and agriculture crop products. In addition, secondary metabolites such as xanthones, benzophenones, organic and amino acids were also reported from this plant. The potential beneficial effects include antioxidant, antihelmenthic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-obesity and hyperlipidaemic properties. Reports on the toxicity and observations during clinical trials suggest that Garciniagummi-gutta is safe for human consumption.

Soumya L*1 and V. Manimekalai2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 04-Jun-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 879–884

Abhishek B. S.1, Anil Kumar M. N.*2, Sandya B. Raju3 and Kiran Kumara D.4

1-4 Laboratory of Silkworm Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The growth and development of silkworm significantly regulated by nutrition. Like any other heterotrophic insects, the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. obtain water and other chemical compounds from the diet which determine growth and silk production. An attempt has been made in the present investigation to record the effect of mulberry leaf fortified with leucine at varied concentrations viz., 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity levels and economic parameters in bivoltine double hybrids namely FC1 × FC2 and FC2 × FC1. The results of the study inferred that, both the hybrids expressed maximum activities of succinate and lactate dehydrogenase at 1.5% supplementation over remaining concentrations as well as control batch. The highest enzyme activities were recorded in the fat body tissue during 5th instar 6th day followed by 3rd and 1st day larvae. Further, higher larval weight, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell percentage, filament weight, filament length and renditta were recorded at 1.5% supplementation as compared to control batch.

Abhishek B. S.1, Anil Kumar M. N.*2, Sandya B. Raju3 and Kiran Kumara D.4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jun-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 885–889

Haseeb Ur Rehman*1 and Eajaz Ahmad Dar2

1-2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (SKUAST- Kashmir), (Pombay), P.O. Gopalpora, Kulgam - 192 233, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract

Present study was done at farmer’s field during the year 2020-22 in district Kulgam. Various colour improvement techniques were used to test their efficacy. Colour improved significantly by various treatments as compared to control. Percentage of better coloured fruits (>80%) was the highest in Coe Red Fuji followed by Red Fuji (22.1%) by doing summer pruning one month before expected harvesting date. Irrespective of cultivar, lowest percentage of better coloured fruits (>80%) were harvested in control. Highest mean percentage (61.1%) of less coloured fruits irrespective of cultivars was obtained in control while as lowest less coloured fruits resulted by using reflective mulches however summer pruning in Fuji Zhen Aztech was the most effective technique in reducing percentage of least coloured fruits (<40%). Summer pruning was the most effective techniques for obtaining fruits having 60-80% colour (27.8%) although it varied non-significantly from reflective mulch treatment. Red Fuji responded well to summer pruning as compared to other cultivars in terms of obtaining fruits having 60-80% colour development. Least percentage (15.9%) of fruits having colour development of 40-60% was obtained by applying K2O@200gm/tree while as highest percentage (31.8%) of fruits falling in 40-60% category was obtained in reflective mulch treatment.

Haseeb Ur Rehman*1 and Eajaz Ahmad Dar2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Jun-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 890–895

Akanchha Singh*1 and VLV Kameswari2

1 Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura - 281 406, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Department of Agricultural Communication, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

Lead users are those that are substantially ahead of market trends and have needs that are significantly greater than those of the typical user. They are primarily responsible for creating user innovations. A lead user recognizes the need, solves the problem by innovating and building prototype and proves its value by using it. Benefits that lead users receive from innovating are twofold. Users innovate because they get benefitted from using the innovation, and also reap monetary benefits as a result of selling a user-created innovation to other users. In agriculture, complexity, high maintenance and installation cost, cultural and social incompatibility of centralized innovations have led to higher discontinuance of innovations. Hence it is important to involve lead users’ innovation in formal system of research and development. Involving lead user in formal system is important but there are various constraints associated with it like technical, organizational, infrastructural, economic and marketing constraints. Apart from this, a lead user is usually evaluated using scientific criteria and is viewed as a passive receiver of knowledge as opposed to an independent creator. Their innovations are not often considered as science, rather they are blamed for following a relaxed approach towards research protocols. Considering these pertinent issues, it is pre-requisite for lead users to institutionalize innovations. Several organizations in India and abroad are engaged in collaborative activities with lead users and integrating their innovations into mainstream research and development. With the founding of SRISTI in 1993, India became the first nation to acknowledge and promote the lead users' capacity for innovation. The four areas of creativity that were highlighted were education, technology, institutions, and culture. Gujarat Grassroots Innovation Augmentation Network was founded in 1997, and the National Innovation Foundation was founded in 2000. SRISTI and GIAN's work were intensified by NIF. PROLINNOVA is an international organization that came into existence in 2004 in Ethiopia. It supports the identification, recording, sharing, and promotion of regional innovations. Countries across the globe are putting efforts to collaborate with lead users through different projects and ideas like small scale project, local agricultural research committee, promoting farmer innovation-farmer field school. Lead users get benefit from institutions and organizations in terms of respect and recognition, monetary benefits and patent. Extension professional can play an important role in collaborating with lead users through KVK. They can organize innovative platforms for interaction, facilitate various kinds of information exchange activities as well as orient them towards market trends using market led extension approach.

Akanchha Singh*1 and VLV Kameswari2 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 21-Jun-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 15 - Issue : 3 ; 896–900

Qazi Mohammad Sharique Saleem1 and Naseem Ahmad*2

1-2 Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Integral University, Dasauli Kursi Road, Lucknow - 226 026, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Plant variety protection (PVP) laws are a set of regulations that protect the rights of plant breeders to their new varieties. These laws provide breeders with exclusive rights to sell, reproduce, and distribute their varieties, which can help to encourage investment in plant breeding and the development of new and improved varieties. Farmers' awareness of PVP laws is important for a number of reasons. Farmers need to be aware of their own rights under these laws, such as the right to save and replant seed from their own crops and farmers need to be aware of the benefits of PVP laws, such as the availability of new and improved varieties that can help to increase crop yields and improve food security. The Government of India needs to continue to use digital technology to reach a wider audience of farmers and to provide them with information about PVP laws in a way that is easy to understand and access. By using digital technology and by tracking the effectiveness of its programs, the Government of India can improve farmers awareness of PVP laws and help them to benefit from these laws. This can lead to increased crop yields, improved food security, and higher incomes for farmers. By using digital technology, focusing on impact, and collaborating with a wider range of stakeholders, farmer's plant variety protection law awareness programs can be more effective in reaching farmers and helping them to benefit from these laws.

Qazi Mohammad Sharique Saleem1 and Naseem Ahmad*2 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 24-Jun-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

An International Journal

P- ISSN: 0976-1675

E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)

Volume- 15 - May-June 2024

Effect of Moisture Content in Okra on Infestation by Shoot and Fruit Borer, Earias vitella

Anju Viswanathan K*1 and Madhu Subramanian2

1-2 Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Vellanikkra, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India

Abstract

Analyzing Production Trends of Saffron Cultivation in Kishtwar District: A Geographical Perspective and Future Outlook

Shashi Prabha*1 and Om Raj2

1-2 Department of Geography, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi - 180 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract

Quantification of Active Phytoconstituents in Ethanolic Extract of Mentha piperita by Modern Analytical Tools

Shital J. Patil*1, Khemchand R. Surana2 and Sunil K. Mahajan3

Abstract

Isolation and Structural Analysis of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides for Antiviral Drug Delivery: A Review

Saptarshi Samajdar1, Surya Sekhar Mondal2, Iqbal Hossain3 and Sudip Saha*4

1-4 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, 398, Ramkrishnapur Road, Barasat, Near Jagadighata Market, Kolkata - 700 125, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Studies on Biotic Stress Induced Biochemicals Activity in Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita Infested Mulberry Plants

P. Victoria Rani*1

1 Department of Botany, SVSSC Government Degree College, Sullurpet - 524 121, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL 98 against Fusarium oxysporum for Bio-management of Groundnut Wilt

R. R. Rakh1, L. S. Raut2, S. M. Dalvi3, P. B. Nirmal4 and A. V. Manwar5

Abstract

Qualitative Phytochemical, Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Piper peepuloides Roxb. and Piper hymenophyllum Miq. Leaves

Nishanthi N*1 and Anandraj K2

1-2 Department of Microbiology, Shanmuga Industries Arts and Science College (Co-Education), Thiruvalluvar University - Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

An Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Aqueous Extract of Polyherbal Formulation in Albino Rats as per OECD Guideline 423

Geetanjali*1, Shakti Bhardwaj2 and Rakesh Bhargava3

1 Department of Zoology, S. M. S. Government Model Science College, Gwalior - 474 009, Madhya Pradesh, India 2 Department of Zoology, Government KRG PG (Autonomous) College, Gwalior - 474 006, Madhya Pradesh, India 3 Division of Microbiology, DRDE, Gwalior - 474 002, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Extending the Shelf Life and Quality of Jasmine (Jasminum sambac) Through Different Chemical Treatments

Kumaresan Marappan*1, Kovvasu Khanchana2 and Vijai Ananth Arumugam3

Abstract

Fish and Plant Growth in Aquaponic and its Water Quality Parameter

Umank Mishra*1, Nikhil Ghodichore2, Kruti Jethwa3, Maya Rajnarayan Ray4 and Anoop Narain Singh5

Abstract

Application of Digital Technologies in Aquaculture

Mintumoni Pegu1 and Moirangthem Kameshwor Singh*2

1-2 Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence in Irrigation

Sandeep Bhardwaj*1 and Rupali Sharma2

1 Department of Basic Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India 2 Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India

Abstract

Diving into the Genetic Pool and Molecular Treasury of Sphagneticola trilobata: A Unique Journey with ISSR Markers

Sofia S*1 and Ajmila Majeed2

1-2 Department of Botany, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), Kollam - 691 001, Kerala, India

Abstract

Growth Patterns of Total Pulses Production in India

Saddam Hossain Mondal1 and Ayanangshu Sarkar2

1-2 Department of Economics, Heramba Chandra College, Kolkata - 700 029, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The Impact of Climate Change on the Yield of Major Agricultural Crops in India: An Econometric Study

Labanya Pal*1

1 Department of Economics, Suri Vidyasagar College, Suri, Birbhum - 731 101, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Constraints Perceived by the Silkworm Rearers in Management of the Uzi Fly, Exorista bombycis [Louis] in Mandya District of Karnataka, India

G. Rahamathulla1 and B. Sannappa*2

1-2 Department of Studies in Sericulture Science, University of Mysore, Mansagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Exploring the Anti-bacterial Activity of Cyperus rotundus Extract against Multi-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates: A Potential Therapeutic Approach

Vidhya Vijaya Raghavan*1 and T. Vishwanathan2

1 Department of Microbiology, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Microbiology, LRG Women's College, Tiruppur - 641 604, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Biological Control of Bacterial Diseases in Papaya through in-planta Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Milk Curd

Ajeet Kumar*1 and Shambhu Nath Jha2

1 University Department of Botany, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India 2 Department of Botany, K. S. R. College, Sarairanjan, Samastipur - 848 127, Bihar, India

Abstract

The Physical Parameters of the Septic Tank Provide Evidence for the Existence of a Novel Ecosystem for the Aedes sp. Mosquito

Arup Ghosh*1, Shailendra Kumar Sinha2 and Pradip Kumar Bandyopadhyay3

Abstract

Evaluation of Water Quality Index (WQI) of Water Resources at Padre Village, Kasaragod Using GIS

Anupama Natesh*1 and Arun Kumar Bhat2

1-2 Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karkala - 574 110, Karnataka, India