Issues

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 01–06

Abdalla Adda*1 and M. V. Sriramachandrasekharan2

1-2Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram - 608 002, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Field experiments were carried out in season 2018 and 2019 to study the influence residual effect of incorporation lignite fly ash, organics and fertilizers alone or in combination on some yield characters viz. plant height, number of pod plant-1, number of cluster plant-1, number of pod plant-1, number of seed pod-1, test weight, yield and nutrient uptake of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) in clay loam soil-based cropping system. The experiments were laid out in randomized block dosing with two factors; factor A): 0 and 10 t lignite fly ash ha-1 and factor B): ten different nutrient management treatments, replicated trice. The results revealed that the residual effect of the integrated use of lignite fly ash, organics and fertilizers had significantly more effective than no fly ash. The Interaction effect between lignite fly ash with different organics and fertilizer on plant height, cluster plant-1, and seed pod-1 was not significant but was significant on pod plant-1, test seed weight, haulm and seed yield as well as NPK uptake in both years 2018 and 2019. The maximum haulm and seed yield were recorded with the residual effect of 100% NPK + 10 t LFA ha-1 + 10 t SPM ha-1 of 2751 and 2833 kg ha-1 of haulm yield and 422 and 430 kg ha-1 of seed yield, in 2018 and 2019 respectively. The greatest NPK uptake by haulm and the seed was noticed also with 100% NPK + 10 t LFA ha-1 + 10 t SPM ha-1 followed by the residual effect of integrated 100% NPK + 10 t LFA ha-1 + 10 t FYM ha-1. The lowest value of yield characters and yield was registered in the control treatment.

Abdalla Adda*1 and M. V. Sriramachandrasekharan2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 07-10

G. B. Dave*1

1Shri Kokilaben Karsanbhai Patel Girls Science College, Nani Kadi, District Mahesana - 382 715, Gujarat, India

Abstract

The removal of nickel from plating waste water by weakly basic chelating anion exchange resins, such as Dowex 50×4, 50×2 and Dowex M-4195, is investigated. Effect of initial metal ion concentration, resin dose and pH on exchange capacities of ion exchange resins was studied in a batch method. The adsorption process, which is pH dependent, shows maximum removal of nickel in the pH range 4-6 for an initial nickel concentration of 05-30 mg L-1 and with resin dose 25-700 mg L-1. The experimental data have been analyzed by using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equation. The isotherm constants for all these isotherm models have been calculated. The uptake of Nickel by the ion exchange resins was reversible and thus has good potential for the removal/recovery of nickel from plating waste effluent contain nickel in the form of anion exchange. The investigated ion exchange resins can be used for the efficient removal of nickel from plating wastewater.

G. B. Dave*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 11-16

K. H. Sodha*1, H. P. Gajera2, Vasantba J. Jadeja3 and B. A. Golakiya4

1-3Department of Microbiology, Shree M. & N. Virani Science College, Kalawad Road, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, India 2-4Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362001, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Chili leaf curl virus causes yield loss of around 30% - 40% in chili crop. Present study looked at the alternative of pesticides to manage leaf curl disease with the help of nanotechnology and plant extract. Essential oil of Palmarosa leaves were extracted by hydro-distillation method using Clevenger apparatus yielded 1.2% of essential oil. GC-MS analysis of essential oil identified major bioactive compounds as Geraniol (47.82%), Linalool (12.09%), Caryophyllene (11.20%), Elemene (6.45%) and Geranyl acetate (4.60%) reported for antiviral, antimicrobial and pest repellent activities. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by tri-Sodium Citrate reductant and particle size of silver nanoparticles obtained 59.8 nm. The essential oil (Concentration 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%) utilized to develop nano emulsion with silver nanoparticles and size of nano emulsion obtained 102.3 nm, 113.8 nm, 134.7 nm and 150.1 nm respectively. Zeta potential indicated better stability and solubility of nano emulsion after essential oil interaction with AgNPs. FTIR spectra of silver nanoparticles showed stretch which confirms presence of silver nanoparticles on to bioactive compounds. Scanning electron micrograph showed spherical shape of silver nanoparticles after interaction with bioactive compounds.

K. H. Sodha*1, H. P. Gajera2, Vasantba J. Jadeja3 and B. A. Golakiya4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 17-22

Murali S*1 and Sardar Singh2

1-2Central Silk Board, Regional Sericultural Research Station, Miran Sahib, Jammu - 181 101, Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract

In the present study, the selected breeds were screened for the desired qualitative and quantitative traits during spring and autumn seasons (2018 and 2019). After fixation of the desired traits, eighteen breeds (BHR 2, BHR 3, B.con 1, B.con 4, ATR16, ATR29, DUN6, DUN22, CSR2, CSR6, CSR50, CSR51, RSJ1, RSJ14, SH6 and NB4D2) were procured from different institutes for the study. The breed’s trial was conducted and assessed for two different seasons for their performance on important economical traits. The data obtained on the traits such as fecundity, hatching, yield per 10000 larvae by number and weight, single cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio and filament length was analyzed with statistical tools. Based on the two popular evaluation methods such as multiple traits Evaluation Index (EI) and Sub ordinate Function (SF) methods, the eight breeds (BHR 2, BHR 3, B.con 1, B.con 4, ATR 16, CSR50, RSJ 14 and NB4D2) shown above 50 EI values with SF values varied from 2.07 - 6.73 identified as superior compared to other breeds. The shortlisted breeds were utilized for further breeding programme for hybrid preparation.

Murali S*1 and Sardar Singh2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 23–26

Pushpendra Singh*1, Surendra Singh1, M. K. Bhargava2, C. B. S. Jatav3 and P. S. Kushwah4

1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, BNV College, Rath - 210 431, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Krishi Vigyan Kendra, District Shivpuri - 473 551, Madhya Pradesh, India 3Department of Agronomy, BNV College, Rath - 210 431, Uttar Pradesh, India 4Department of Education, District Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh

Abstract

A ten parent line x tester analysis was carried out to study the extent of heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and its component traits in green gram at Brahmanand Mahavidyalaya Rath (Hamirpur), Uttar Pradesh. Heterosis over mid parent and better parent was significant to highly significant for seed yield/plant along with other attributing traits. The crosses exhibiting high heterosis also expressed high inbreeding depression both in the positive and negative direction for days to 50% flowering, pods/plant, pods/cluster, harvest index and seed yield/ plant. Heterosis coupled with inbreeding depression revealed the predominance of both non-additive and additive gene action for most of the characters studied. Owing to its autogamous genetic architecture and biological constraints of the crop, the heterosis could be exploited only by isolating the desirable segregants for yield and its attributes adopting selection in early segregating generations followed by single plant selection in subsequent generations.

Pushpendra Singh*1, Surendra Singh1, M. K. Bhargava2, C. B. S. Jatav3 and P. S. Kushwah4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 27–31

Balagangadharaswamy Shobha1, Basavaraju Sumanth2, Chowdappa Srinivas*3

1-3Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore, University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The present work is focused on isolation, identification and pathogenicity test of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) a causative organism of Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice. The diseased leaf samples were collected from different paddy fields of Karnataka A total of 72 bacterial isolates were isolated and identified as Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) based on biochemical characterization. The growth of Xoo was checked on 6 different media such as Nutrient agar (NA), Yeast extract Dextrose Calcium Carbonate Agar media (YDCA), Modified D-5 agar media (M D-5), Yeast extract Nutrient Agar media (YENA), Peptone Sucrose Agar media (PSA) and Tryptone Soya Agar media (TSA). The pathogenic bacteria shown best growth on YDCA, NA, TSA, followed by PSA, YENA and poor growth was recorded on M D-5 media. The isolates were screened for pathogenicity tests by using clip inoculation method, cutting and dipping method for IR 64 rice variety. Among 72 isolates subjected for pathogenicity test, the isolates only one isolate was shown to be pathogenicity, the remaining isolates were moderately pathogenic.

Balagangadharaswamy Shobha1, Basavaraju Sumanth2, Chowdappa Srinivas*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 32–37

Lingayya Raghavendra1,2 and Melally Giddegowda Venkatesha*1

1Insect Science Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru - 560 056, Karnataka, India 2Central Environmental Laboratory, Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, Nisaraga Bhavan, Shivanagar, Bengaluru - 560 079, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The study estimated the pesticide residues in 40 surface water samples from four locations of arabica coffee plantations in the Western Ghats. Residual analysis of water samples confirmed the contamination of both organochlorine (OC) and organophosphate (OP) pesticides in surface water. OC pesticide residues present in the range 0.01 - 1.10 µg/L, with the maximum presence of HCH, heptachlor, DDT, and DDT isomers. Chlorpyrifos present in the range of 0.02-.069 µg/L among the targeted OP pesticides. Acute toxicity estimated by using common carp fish for both p’, p’ DDT, and chlorpyrifos. LC50 value of p’, p’ DDT, and chlorpyrifos was 0.023 and 0.403 mg/L, respectively. This study confirmed the presence of excessive pesticide contamination in surface water and its toxic effect on common carp.

Lingayya Raghavendra1,2 and Melally Giddegowda Venkatesha*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 38–41

Chandrabhan Singh Jatav1, B. K. Pandey2, Pushpendra Singh*3 and Prabhat K. Chaturvedi1

1Department of Agronomy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi - 284 128, Uttar Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Department of Agronomy, BNV College, Rath - 210 431, Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 3Krishi Vigyan Kendra, District Shivpuri - 473 551, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present investigation entitled “Impact of tillage operations, nutrients and weed control on yield attributes and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivam L.)”. The experiment was conducted at Research farm of Brahmanand PG College Rath, Hamirpur (U.P.) during the year 2017-18 and 2018-19 under the agro-climatic conditions of Rath, Hamirpur. The topography of the field was uniform with proper drainage. The experiment was laid out in split plot. All 24 treatment combinations were replicated thrice. The observations were recorded on different yield and yield attributes viz. effective tillers m2, grain ear-1, grain weight ear-1, 1000 grain weight (g), harvest index, grain yield (q/ha), straw yield (q/ha) and biological yield (q/ha). The result of experiment indicated that the maximum effective tillers, grain ear-1, grain weight ear-1, 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield (q/ha), straw yield (q/ha) and biological yield (q/ha) were recorded in treatment T1 (Conventional tillage), W3 (Sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha + Metsulfuron 4 g/ha) herbicide spray and N4 (Recommended NPK + 30 kg S + 5 kg Zn ha) nutrients in first year, second year and in pooled. The minimum effective tillers, grain ear-1, grain weight ear-1, 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield (q/ha), straw yield (q/ha) and biological yield (q/ha) were found in treatment T2 (Zero tillage), weedy check plot (W1) herbicide spray and N1 (Recommended NPK (120kg N, 60kg P2O5 and 40 kg K2O ha)) nutrients in first year and the similar trend was followed in second year and pooled. While the maximum harvest index was recorded in treatment T2 (Zero tillage), W3 (Sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha + Metsulfuron 4 g/ha) herbicide spray and N2 (Recommended NPK + 30 kg S ha) nutrients in first year, second year and in pooled. The minimum harvest index was found in treatment T1 (Conventional tillage), weedy check plot (W1) herbicide spray and N4 (Recommended NPK + 30 kg S + 5 kg Zn ha) nutrients in first year and the similar trend was followed in second year and pooled.

Chandrabhan Singh Jatav1, B. K. Pandey2, Pushpendra Singh*3 and Prabhat K. Chaturvedi1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 42-50

Gurpiar Singh1, Dilip Singh Kachwaya2 and Gurbir Singh*3

1-2Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fathegarh Sahib – 140 406, Punjab, India 3Department of Horticulture, Khalsa College, (Guru Nanak Dev University), Amritsar – 143 001, Punjab, India

Abstract

The present investigation entitled “Studies on the different concentration of IBA on hardwood cuttings of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Wonderful” was carried out during 2016-2017 at Mata Gujri College Farm, Fathegarh Sahib. Pomegranate is most important deciduous fruit crop for both tropical and subtropical regions of our country. On the basis of result optimum present investigation, it can be concluded that IBA 3000 ppm concentration significantly increase numbers of roots, numbers of shoots, survival percentages, dry weight of roots and shoots has maximum recorded compared to concentrations of IBA in distilled and simple water. Therefore, the present study has demonstrated the IBA 1500 and 3000 quick dip were found to best in all the parameters studied.

Gurpiar Singh1, Dilip Singh Kachwaya2 and Gurbir Singh*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 51-57

G. Jaya1, S. B. Ramya Lakshmi2 and K. C. Gummagolmath*3

1-3National Institute of Agricultural Extension (MANAGE), Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad -500030

Abstract

The present study was conducted in the state of Maharashtra with an objective to ascertain the human resource issues in Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs). For the study Board of Directors and employees of FPCs were selected as sample respondents. The results of the present study revealed that all the directors selected for the study agreed that board‘s meeting agenda clearly reflects the company‘s strategic plan or priorities and awareness of what is expected about them as a board of directors. About 95 per cent of the directors agreed that they have a strategic plan or a set of long-term goals and priorities, directions to the staff regarding how to achieve the set goals and participation of all the board members in board meetings. Except few directors, majority of them agreed that all the legal compliances are followed for the better performance of the company’s business. The performance of the companies as per the opinion of the directors on an average was ranging from excellent to good. It is very interesting to observe that all the respondents agreed to the factors considered for assessing the business of Producer Company. The study also revealed that employees’ level of satisfaction and their functioning is better and are committed to improve their performance. Self-evaluation of the employees of FPCs revealed that they are concerned about the basic stakeholders and so also the works related to FPCs. Deployment of staff pattern indicated that higher proportion of them were devoted for customer service by most of the FPOs in the study area. However, the proportion of employees deployed for other activities was relatively less. It was also observed that almost 75 per cent of the employees were satisfied with their current positions.

G. Jaya1, S. B. Ramya Lakshmi2 and K. C. Gummagolmath*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 58–62

Jitendra Singh*1 and Neelam Kumar Singh2

1Department of Agricultural Economics, BNPG College, Rath - 210 431, Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Department of Agricultural Statistics, BNPG College, Rath - 210 431, Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The paper makes an attempt to analyze and evaluate the migration in remote tribal areas, Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh. The objective of this paper is to analyze the observations relating to seasonal migration from two villages Pospur and Kirchali located in respectively, Pati and Sendhwa Tehsil of Barwani district of Madhya Pradesh. We have used both qualitative and quantitative methods in data collection. The quantitative data were generated for 84 sample households during the year 2014-15. Study reveals that the seasonal migration resulted in about 20 to 33 percent of family members remaining out of the village for 4 to 9 months. Females usually migrate along with the male in the area, the female migration was about 43 and 50 percent of total migration from Pospur and Kirchali villages, respectively. On an average, a migrant family earns as additional sum of ₹ 11160 per year from migration. After meeting the day to day expenditure at the destination and some purchases (clothes, shoes, transportation expenses etc.) the net saving accrued due to migration was about ₹ 5984 per family. However, in case of the resource poor (i.e. those with limited land as well as irrigation resources) migration is clearly a more effective option because of the limited “credit worthiness”. In fact, migration is a dynamic context might help in enhancing the credit worthiness especially by improving the repayment schedule among these households. This would imply that given the limited land base and the uncertainity associated with the stream of income flowing from the land-based activities.

Jitendra Singh*1 and Neelam Kumar Singh2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 63–67

Pragya Dubey*1, Sunita Mishra2 and Ravi Shankar Verma3

1-2Department of Food and Nutrition, School for Home Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, A central University, Lucknow - 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India 3Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, A central University, Lucknow - 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is a fine cereal and a rugged crop, one of the crops that can remain uninfluenced in many terms and conditions. Compared to other cereals the finger millet has high protein, minerals, and iron. Eating finger millet regularly reduces the risk of diabetic mellitus. Amino acid methionine lecithin improves the cholesterol levels by removing excess liver fat, and threonine helps to prevent liver fat disposal. Finger millet incorporation will increase the nutritional value of any diet. Finger millet flour can be added to baked products to formulate calcium and iron enriched cookie cake. The objective of research is to find out nutritional composition of finger millet and to prepared nutritionally incorporated cookie cake by finger millet flour. Calcium deficiency is dominant over the bone and teeth related disorders, and iron prevalence is identified by introducing FM in our diet. In this objective there are three uncommon samples were assigned for recipe standardization. Three different ratios are made 25%, 50% and 75% respectively. It observed that the cookie cake prepared with 50% Finger millet was highly acceptable by sensory analysis. Finger millet flours fortified wheat flour significantly improved the chemical composition (fat, fiber and protein and carbohydrate). According to sensory and nutritional quality, fortification of cookies cake with 50% finger millet flour affect the quality and nutrition of cookie cake in positive way i.e., the carbohydrate content in the cookies cake is resulted 65.63%, protein content is 14.89%, fat content is 13.45% and ash content 1.9%, respectively. By all means the sample 2 with 50% finger millet flour incorporation was found suitable and sample 2 found best one.

Pragya Dubey*1, Sunita Mishra2 and Ravi Shankar Verma3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 68–72

Tarangini Rawat*1 and Sanjay Gupta2

1Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, SBSPGI, Balawala - 248 161, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Ram Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun - 248 001, Uttarakhand

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of root extract of Angelica glauca against four bacterial strains. Essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation from the roots and analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The antibacterial activities of root extracts were tested using disc diffusion method against four bacterial strains. Twenty-six compounds were identified representing 93.20% of total oil, of which non-terpenoids (42.76%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (42.10%) were found in large amount, i.e., terpinene-4-ol (20.13%) and trans-ligustilide (29.93%), phthalide- butylidene (11.67%). The antibacterial results revealed that the root extracts exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Bacillus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia except Escherichia coli. The extract of root obtained through methanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous exhibited good to moderate antimicrobial activity against tested bacterial strains. n-Butanol showed no antimicrobial activity. The above analysis suggests that B. aureus showed the best zone of inhibition for methanol extract.

Tarangini Rawat*1 and Sanjay Gupta2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 73–76

Rakesh Kumar*1, G. S. Chhina2 and N. D. Singh3

1-3Faculty of Agriculture, Khalsa College, Amritsar – 143 004, Punjab, India

Abstract

Data was collected during 2014-15 and 2015-16 from 100 small farmers of 10 villages from randomly selected Amritsar and Gurdaspur districts of Punjab, India, to evaluate the performance of various pulse based crop rotations viz. rice-wheat-summer moong (summer pulse crop rotation (SPCR1)), arhar-wheat (main pulse crop rotation (MPCR2)), rice-lentil (main pulse crop rotation (MPCR3)), arhar-lentil (pulse-pulse crop rotation (PPCR4) compared to the existing rice-wheat cropping system as non-pulse crop rotation (NPCR5). Rice equivalent yield, crop productivity, system productivity and land use efficiency was recorded significantly higher in SPCR1 (12.99 t/ha, 36.76 kg/ha/day, 35.59 kg/ha/day and 96.66%) compared to NPCR5 (9.94 t/ha, 33.65 kg/ha/day, 27.22 kg/ha/day and 80.81%), MPCR2 (8.77 t/ha, 29.86 kg/ha/day, 24.08 kg/ha/day and 80.52%), MPCR3 (8.74 t/ha, 30.99 kg/ha/day, 23.95 kg/ha/day and 77.40%) and MPCR4 (6.69 t/ha, 24.66 kg/ha/day, 18.84 kg/ha/day and 76.21%) respectively. The inclusion of main season pulse crops in crop rotations helped to reduce the quantity of irrigation and application of chemical nutrients significantly compared to existing rice-wheat crop rotation and recorded significantly lower in PPCR4 (17.52 ha-cm and 76 kg/ha) compared to all other pulse and non-pulse crop rotations. AWUP and ANUP were recorded significantly higher in PPCR4 (437.65 and 89.74 kg/ha) than all other crop rotations. Inclusion of summer pulse in existing rice -wheat cropping system helped to enhance crop productivity and system productivity (9.24% and 30.75%) over rice- wheat alone which was otherwise recorded better in crop productivity and system productivity than all other crop rotations selected for study under irrigated conditions of Punjab.

Rakesh Kumar*1, G. S. Chhina2 and N. D. Singh3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 77–81

Prasenjit Bhagawati*1, Rukhsar Sultana1, Manash P. Sarma2, Gunamoni Das1 and Rekha Bora3

1Department of Botany, Assam Down Town University, Guwhatai – 781026, Assam, India 2Department of Biotechnology, Assam Down Town University, Guwhatai – 781026, Assam, India 3Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plant Conservation, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar – 788 011, Assam, India

Abstract

Various species of Fabaceae family are well known for their food value in the form of popular vegetable and also as a source of traditional ethnomedicine. A total of 17 available edible species of Fabaceae family viz. Phaseolus vulgaris (common name: Bush bean), Vigna unguiculata spp. Sesquipedalis, Vigna unguiculata spp. Sesquipedalis, Vigna sinensis/Vigna unguiculata spp. Sesquipedalis, Dolichos bengalensis, Lablab purpureus, Lablab niger, Lablab vulgaris, Phaseolus limenis, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus coccineus, Vigna umbelleta, Canavalia enformis, Dolichos pruriens, Dolichos biflorus, Dolichos aciphyllus and Dolichos lablab were explored in Dhubri district of Assam. These species show excellent market potential in the form of nutrient rich vegetable and also as a source of traditional medicine. Moreover, availability of such biodiversity of Fabaceae family in this region is studied for the first time.

Prasenjit Bhagawati*1, Rukhsar Sultana1, Manash P. Sarma2, Gunamoni Das1 and Rekha Bora3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 82–85

V. P. Soniya*, P. S. Bhindhu and P. Sureshkumar

1-3Radiotracer Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India

Abstract

Crop nutrient response information is important for fertilizer use decisions aimed at higher profitability but such information is limited with respect to cowpea cultivation. A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the response of cowpea towards magnesium fertilization in lateritic soils of Kerala during January 2019. Graded doses of magnesium were applied @ 5 mg kg-1 to 80 mg kg-1 of soil along with recommended dose of fertilizers. The effect of magnesium on content and uptake of essential nutrients and biometric parameters of cowpea were determined during flowering and at harvest of the crop. Graded doses of magnesium created significant variation in the accumulation of potassium, calcium and magnesium in stem and leaf of cowpea at both stages of analysis. Magnesium content in stem and leaf was found to increase with the levels of magnesium added. No significant variation in the content of calcium and magnesium in pods was recorded. Crop uptake of calcium (261.65 mg g-1) and magnesium (66.62 mg g-1), yield per plant (79.33 g plant-1) and yield contributing characteristics were superior in the treatment where magnesium was applied @ 10 mg kg-1 of soil which suggests to be the optimum dose of magnesium to achieve maximum crop response of cowpea.

V. P. Soniya*, P. S. Bhindhu and P. Sureshkumar Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 86–89

P. Ashoka*1 and P. Priya2

1ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hanumanamatti - 581 115, Ranebennur (Tq), Haveri (Dist), Karnataka, India 2Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Hanumanamatti, Ranebennur, Haveri - 581 115, Karnataka

Abstract

The study was conducted during kharif 2018 and kharif 2019 at ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Haveri to evaluate the response of foxtail millet (Seteria italic L) to soil application of micronutrients and foliar application of NPK along with RDF. The experiment was laid out in RCBD comprising of nine treatments replicated thrice. Studies revealed that the growth parameters, yield attributes and grain yield of foxtail millet differed significantly due to foliar application of NPK along with RDF and soil application of micronutrients along with RDF. The results indicated that significantly higher grain yield (18.49 q ha-1) and straw yield (36.14 q ha-1) of foxtail millet were recorded in treatment applied with RDF + foliar spray of 19:19:19 @ 1% at flower initiation stage (pooled data of 2 years) followed by soil application of micronutrients along with RDF. The treatment RDF + foliar spray of 19:19:19 @ 1% at flower initiation stage recorded significantly higher plant height (92.50 cm), panicle length (22.27 cm) and grain weight per panicle (2.80 g). The biological yield and nutrient uptake (NPK, Zn and Fe) are also significantly higher with the same treatment. The gross returns, net returns and BC ratio were also higher with the same treatments (Rs.48284, Rs.32036 and 2.97, respectively) as compared to all other treatments and absolute control.

P. Ashoka*1 and P. Priya2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 90–95

Purna Jana*1, Sabyasachi Dasgupta2 and Nagendra Prasad Todaria3

1-3Department of Forestry and NR, HNB Garhwal Central University, Chauras campus, Srinagar, Garhwal - 246 174, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

The present study was conducted considering the fact that natural-resource water has immense importance in life and its quality and quantity must be conserved. The aim was to evaluate the perception of people regarding their understanding on sacred grove conservation i.e., in other words conservation of the source of water and other livelihoods. A pre-tested questionnaire was formed and data were collected from 107 randomly selected households from 18 villages of Uttarakhand. The selected villages were categorized into 2 classes based on proximity to the forests. A contingent valuation method was used to calculate willingness-to-pay (WTP) and willingness-to-accept (WTA) for water as forest ecosystem-service. The study revealed that villagers are well aware of the importance of natural-resource water and its origin sacred-grove. Average WTP was Rs. 3802 / year / household. WTP was significantly differed based on age, gender, education level and number of household member. There was no significant effect of distance on WTP. However, WTA was significantly differed based on distance, age, gender, number of household member number and education-level. Villagers are well aware of the changing environmental condition of sacred grove and degradation of forest. Therefore, they are sincerely interested in conservation of the sacred forest for the sake of their own well-being. Villagers are sincerely willing to pay for the conservation of their sacred grove that is also the source of their livelihoods.

Purna Jana*1, Sabyasachi Dasgupta2 and Nagendra Prasad Todaria3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 96–99

Tanusree Datta*1, Ashis Kumar Panigrahi2 and Subasini Pattanaik3

1-2Ecotoxicology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kalyani University, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India 3Postgraduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Bhanjabihar, Berhampur, Ganjam, Odisha, India

Abstract

The study was conducted in a freshwater closed wetland, known as beel in Nadia district of West Bengal. The investigation covers the hydro-chemical aspects of the beel (Khalsi beel), focusing on the scope of pisciculture therein with healthy ecological condition. During the study period values of different pysico-chemical parameters of this water sheet have been recorded round the year, recording the annual value of water temperature: 29.25° ± 2.6° C depth: 93.77 ± 45.7 cm, transparency: 61.05 ± 30.9 cm, as the physical parameters. Recorded values for the chemical aspect are pH: 7.8 ± 0.39, DO: 5.0 ± 0.92 ppm, free CO2: 8.0 ± 4.9 ppm, total alkalinity: 216.4 ± 80.22 ppm, NO3-N: 0.18 ± 0.12 ppm, PO4-P: 0.21 ± 0.04 ppm and silicate: 8.74 ± 4.7 ppm. Month wise study shows a variation in most of the parameters probably due to typical character of the beel, especially for the presence of different aquatic weeds, largely infested round the year and water abstraction. Monthly variation of values of different parameters has been discussed and presented graphically in the present communication along with physiography of the studied beel.

Tanusree Datta*1, Ashis Kumar Panigrahi2 and Subasini Pattanaik3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 100–104

R. Radha*1 and N. Komathy2

1-2Department of Food Service Management and Dietetics, Avinashilingam Institute of Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore - 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn.) belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae and known as one of the bitterest fruits. This study was aimed to formulate the bittergourd recipes by reducing its bitter taste, to evaluate sensory characteristics of those formulated recipes and to estimate the phytochemicals present in bittergourd recipes. Three varieties of bitter gourd recipes were developed in the current study. The sensory evaluation was done with a five-point hedonic scale. The selected recipes were subjected to phytochemical analysis. The overall acceptability score was significantly higher at 0.01% for bittergourd thuvaiyal followed by bittergourd raita and bittergourd juice. Though recipes namely thuvaiyal and raita were found to have higher acceptability their nutraceuticals levels were less in comparison to the raw bittergourd. Hence, there is necessity to explore the applicability of these plant resources which are rich in phytochemicals may have been beneficial effects of health.

R. Radha*1 and N. Komathy2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 105–108

Devendra Kumar*1 and Poonam Pathak2

1-2Department of Chemistry, Institute of Basic Sciences, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra - 282002, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Eighteen organochlorine pesticides (OCP) viz. isomers of benzene (α-BHC, β-BHC, γ-BHC and δ-BHC), heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, γ-chlordane, endosulfan-I+α-chlorodane, dieldrin,+p,p’DDE, endrin, endosulfan-II, p,p’-DDD, endrin aldehyde, endosulfan sulphate, p,p’-DDT, endrin ketone and methoxychlor have been monitored in fruit samples: guava (Psidium guajava), apple (Malus domestica), pear (Pyrus), pomegranate (Punica granatum) and plum (Prunus domestica) by gas liquid chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). During the study it has been found that most of the samples were contaminated with either two or more OCP, but residual concentrations were below the MRL values prescribe by (Codex Alimantarius, 2016) but their continuous consumption can produce severe health problems for human.

Devendra Kumar*1 and Poonam Pathak2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 109–112

K. P. Aswathi*1, K. Ajith2 and B. Ajithkumar3

1-3Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi during the year 2019-2020 for understanding the effect of weather variables on the yield of rice variety Jyothi. Correlation studies were used to estimate the impacts of weather on rice yield from 50% flowering to physiological maturity. Increase in maximum and minimum temperature showed significant negative effects on rice yield. Yield attributes like number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle and thousand grain weight which contributes to yield also reduced significantly with increase in temperature. Study indicated that high temperature during critical growth stages affects the crop growth and yield negatively.

K. P. Aswathi*1, K. Ajith2 and B. Ajithkumar3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 113–115

Santosh S. Dharmadhikari*1 and Sanjay Chakane2

1Research Center in Environmental Science, Baburaoji Gholap College, Sangvi, Pune – 411 027, Maharashtra, India 2ASC College, Indapur, Tq. Indapur, Pune- 413 106, Maharashtra

Abstract

Solid Waste generation and its utilization have become the most important factor in any integrated steel plant. In the current scenario Energy-efficient and sustainability era. Solid wastes are utilization to make various internal by-products Like Sinter, Pig iron, granulated Cement. In integrated steel Plant Slag (Electric Arc Furnace and Ladle Furnace) generated approx.3500 Mt/day & 1080 MT/day. Integrated steel industry other waste generated from Sinter Plant- like Electrostatic precipitator dust Blast furnace plant generate granulated slag and dry pit slag, Steel Melting Shop Generate Gas cleaning plant dust Sponge Iron Plant generate clarified sludge and classifier fines Coke Oven Plant Generated coal and coke breeze waste Pellet Plant-Generated ESP dust and lime calcination Plant Generated lime calcination plant dust. The Presence of total Fe content in EAF slag is 9.3-18.2% and in In LF slag sulfur content is 0.05 to 0.62%. The main purpose of this paper is generation waste from the integrated steel plant has utilization Potential per physico-chemical and mineralogical characterizes.

Santosh S. Dharmadhikari*1 and Sanjay Chakane2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 116–121

Pooja Jena1, Manoher Saryam*2 and A.S. Chauhan3

1-3Department of Agricultural Extension and Communication, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur - 482 004, Madhya Pradesh, India 2Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present paper attempts to examine the socio-economic and communication status of the respondents in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh in the year of 2019-20. The study was conducted in 12 villages located at Rewa and Naigarhi block of Rewa district. Data for the study was collected from a sample of 120 respondents. The findings of the study revealed that 80.84 percent respondents were medium in techno-economic empowerment followed by 10.00 percent high in techno-economic empowerment. They aware of different agricultural technology aspect of the current digital age and they use different digital; platform such as online shopping of agricultural inputs, interest and join the agripreneur websites, online banking, negotiation among traders through digital platform. Association between Techno-economic empowerment and selected characteristics result found that age, landholding, annual family income, material possession, house type, Information Utilization time, information management behavior, decision making and achievement motivation showed a positive trend, the degree of relationship was low and the computed value of 'r' was found to be less than the table value 'r' with at 0.05 level of probability. Hence, the relationship was found to non-significant. Level of education and family type, had the significant relation with the techno-economic aspect of respondent at 0.05 level of probability and family size, social participation, farm power and communication had the significant relation with the economic aspect of respondent at 0.01 level of probability that indicates father occupation and family income influence the techno economical aspect by the farmers.

Pooja Jena1, Manoher Saryam*2 and A.S. Chauhan3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 122–125

G. P. Sunandini*1, I. Shakuntala Devi2, Amala Kumari3 and A. Sharada Devi4

1Cost of Cultivation Scheme, Professor Jayashankar Agricultural University and Co PI of the NAIP Project, Telangana 2Cost of Cultivation Scheme, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Nagarkurnool, Telangana-509 215, India 3Department of Extension, College of Home Science, Professor Jayashankar Agricultural University and Co PI of the NAIP Project, Telangana 4ANGRAU and Co PI of the NAIP Project

Abstract

The present paper was taken from the project Value Chain in Natural Dyes, implemented under National Agricultural Innovation Project, Indian Council of Agricultural Research standardised the processing technology for eco holi colours, established value chains and increased consumer awareness regarding environmental and health hazards due to use of synthetic colours for holi. The established value chains in eco holi colours increased the employment and income of the producers and marketing agencies involved in the value chain. The technology was found sustainable with the increase in use of eco holi colours by the respondents in Hyderabad and Rangareddy districts from 8 per cent in 2008 to 33 per cent in 2018. The eco holi colours are analysed for heavy metals, channels of value chains are identified and producers share in consumer s rupee is calculated. The study concluded that to increase the production and use of eco holi colours for the environmental safety, large-scale public awareness programmes on environmental and health hazards due to synthetic colours, establishing enterprises for the manufacture of eco holi colours and market linkages for supply at affordable prices in larger quantities at local outlets are important. Research should be concentrated on development of brighter holi colours with required stickiness for satisfying more customers.

G. P. Sunandini*1, I. Shakuntala Devi2, Amala Kumari3 and A. Sharada Devi4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 126–130

B. Mondal*1

1School of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, The Neotia University, Diamond Harbour Road, Jhinger Pole, Sarisha - 743 368, West Bengal, India

Abstract

In West Bengal mandarin orange is grown in the Northern hilly region. Darjeeling Mandarin shows enormous commercial acceptance due to presence of high percentage of ascorbic acid with optimal ratio of sugar. The local orchards are affected by different biotic stresses. The sole morphological screening of seedling in nursery bed leads to the elimination of well performing genotypes. The occurrence of polyembryony and heterozygosity creates problem in breeding. The study shows recovery of zygotic and nucellar seedlings in 1:4 ratio. The management of these seed propagated outcrossed population requires application of advance marking system to detect the nature of off springs. In this paper the performance of three PCR based molecular markers RAPD, SSR, ISSR were evaluated showing efficiency in marking of pollen parents. The SSR primer CCSM13 with co-dominance and high PIC and MI gave best result. The maintenance of germplasm in perennial orchards require vast expenditure and skilled manpower. The inclusion of molecular marking in initial seedling stage in seedbed could aid in optimal management of orchard. In addition, the study revealed the scope of identification of elite genotypes to be included in Citrus hybridization programme and fixation of heterotic ability of the superior mandarin plant types.

B. Mondal*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 131–133

Ch. Srilatha Vani1 and P. Srilatha2

1Regional Agricultural Research Station (ANGRAU), Anakapalle - 531 001, Andhra Pradesh 2Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ghantasala - 521 133, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

This study has been conducted to know the constraints for cultivation of sugarcane crop in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh. The command area of sugar factories was selected purposively for the selection of villages. Six villages were selected out of three factory areas. The constraints faced by sugarcane farmers were classified in to four broad categories namely socio-economic constraint, technical constraints, administrative constraints and psychological constraints. The results revealed that major socioeconomic constraints faced by the sample growers were high labour cost (97.2%), unavailability of farm machinery (90.0%), labour shortage (67.2%) and low profits (61.7%). Important technological constraints faced by the sugarcane growers were un availability of high promising varieties (91.7%), high cost of seed and no subsidy on seed (85.5%). Moreover, existing varieties are highly prone to viral diseases (73.2%). While coming to the administrative constraints lack of intimate payments (88.8%), delayed cutting orders (85,0%), less input support from factories (77.7%). Less interest on sustainable use of resources in the study area whereas, (12.2%) low risk-taking ability, (11.1%) fear of Indebtedness (8.8%) is the major psychological constraint which drove them to shift to other crops. From the present study we can conclude that farmers are facing several problems in cultivation of sugarcane. It is recommended that there is a necessity of intensification of extension services to address their constraints and to increase their level of adoption of recommended practices. The study also suggested the need to enhance the efforts in transfer of technology and credit availability to the small and marginal farmers.

Ch. Srilatha Vani1 and P. Srilatha2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 134–138

Megala K.1, N. Subramanian2 and N. Ramadass*3

1-3P.G and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Cheyyar - 604 407, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Glycine max is one of the most popular and nutritious foods with high antimicrobial effects. The present work was done to study the antibacterial activity of Methanolic and chloroform extracts of Glycine max against gram negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the gram-positive bacteria such as Basillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The concentrations of the seed used were 500 µg/ml, 750 µg/ml and 1000 µg/ml respectively. At these concentrations the extract inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella thphi, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and produced zone of inhibition ranging between 7 mm to 10 mm in Methanolic extract and 6 mm to 14 mm in chloroform extract. The antibacterial activity reported by the Soybean extract may be due to the presence of the phytochemical compounds present in the seeds. Highest zone of inhibition 10 mm was noted in Staphylococcus aureus at 1000 µg/ml and 750 µg/ml concentration and lowest zone of inhibition 7 mm was found in Escherchia coli at 750 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml, Bacillus sabtilis at 500 µg/ml, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 750 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml respectively.

Megala K.1, N. Subramanian2 and N. Ramadass*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 139–142

M. Kannan*1, S. Arumugam2 and G. Balasubramanian3

1-3P.G. and Research Dept. of Zoology, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar - 604 407, Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Calotropis procera plants have possessed so many bioactive compounds against agricultural insects. A large number of leaves were collected shade dried and powdered then prepared petroleum ether, methanol and aqueous solution at various concentrations. The antifeedant activity was assayed using a leaf cut choice and leaf dip assay method. C. medinalis is one of the agricultural pests. This pest is highly infected in the paddy field and causes severe damages to paddy leaves. To apply the solvent extraction of various concentrations of C. procera against C. medinalis. From the results, after applying the solvent extraction to the reduced feeding area of the leaves. The leaf extract solution to prohibit the feeding activity on Cnaphalocrocis medinalis larvae methanol, petroleum ether and aqueous extracts in 1000ppm concentration showed antifeedant activity as 85.42, 73.73 and 68.70% respectively.

M. Kannan*1, S. Arumugam2 and G. Balasubramanian3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 143–148

Vandana G. Pai*1, Prameela P.2 and Syama S. Menon3

1-3Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture (KAU), Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India

Abstract

A study on response of cowpea to conservation tillage practices was conducted in Kerala from 2017-2019 with three tillage practices i.e., zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT), and conventional tillage (CT) with five combinations of potassium and magnesium sulphate; K2O 12 kg/ha + MgSO4 80 kg/ha (S1), K2O 20 kg/ha + MgSO4 60 kg/ha, K2O 20 kg/ha + MgSO4 80 kg/ha, K2O 40 kg/ha + MgSO4 60 kg/ha, K2O 40 kg/ha + MgSO4 80 kg/ha. Conservation tillage resulted in highest weed dry matter production while weed incidence was less under zero tillage. Weed dry matter production recorded highest in K: MgSO4 @ 40:80 kg/ha. Cowpea germination was poor under ZT and MT compared to normal tillage. Higher grain yield was recorded under minimum tillage along with application of K: MgSO4 @ 40:60 kg/ha.

Vandana G. Pai*1, Prameela P.2 and Syama S. Menon3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 149–154

B. Jaswanth Naik*1, B. Mukunda Rao2, P. Rambabu3 and M. Sree Rekha4

1Department of Agricultural Extension, GBC Road, Bapatla - 522 101, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Professor (Polytechnics), ANGRAU, Lam, Guntur - 522 034, Andhra Pradesh, India 3Director of Extension, ANGRAU, Lam, Guntur - 522 034, Andhra Pradesh, India 4Department of Agronomy, GBC Road, Bapatla - 522 101, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

In the current scenario agricultural communication sources are often applied for offering agricultural facts to the farmers for getting remunerative prices to their products. During this context, the study was conducted to understand the profile of the respondents and to get the relationship with the ICT tools usage by the farmers of Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh during the year 2017-2018. An Ex-post facto research design was used. Data for the study became generated from a sample of 120 respondents using structured interview schedule. Findings indicated that majority of the farmer respondents have medium age, possession of ICT tools, annual income, social participation, extension contact, innovativeness, economic orientation, risk orientation, scientific orientation and cosmopoliteness. Majority of the farmers have high school education, small land holding, 20-30 years of farming experience and 14-21 years of experience in usage of ICT tools. The r values of education, land holding, experience in usage of ICT tools, possession of ICT tools, annual income, training undergone, extension contact, innovativeness, economic orientation, scientific orientation and cosmopoliteness was positively and significantly correlated with the utilization of ICT tools. Whereas, computed ‘r’ value of aged was negatively significant, ‘r’ value of experience in farming and risk orientation was negatively non-significant and ‘r’ value of social participation was positively non-significant with the utilization of ICT tools.

B. Jaswanth Naik*1, B. Mukunda Rao2, P. Rambabu3 and M. Sree Rekha4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 155–160

Jyoti Ashok Kedar1, Sharad Ratan Khandelwal*2, Avinash Dineshkumar Bholay3

1-2GES’s HPT Arts and RYK Science College, Nashik - 422 005, Maharashtra, India 3K.T.H.M. College, Gangapur Road, Nashik - 422 002 Maharashtra, India

Abstract

A green chemistry approach that incorporates nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology is the microbial synthesis of nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles biosynthesis using extracellular fungal filtrate of Cladosporium sphaerospermum endophytic fungi isolated from the selected tree bark was simple, eco-friendly and robust. The goal of this study was to obtain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts from the strain ATCC 11289 of the filamentous fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum as an alternative to a chemical degradation procedure for harmful dyes. Cladosporium sphaerospermum's morphological and molecular characteristics have been established. Sequencing of ITS 18s rRNA, phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The isolate is recognized and described by the sequencing and phenotypic characterization of ITS 18s rRNA, which demonstrated the strain NF from Ficus benghalesis temperate area tree bark as Cladosporium sphaerospermum strain ATCC 11289. In addition, UV Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, SEM and ESI MS tests have characterized the synthesized silver nanoparticles. Changes in parameters such as pH, temperature, silver nitrate solution concentration, optimum absorption parameters in the UV-Visible spectrophotometer have been used to optimize the output of silver nanoparticles Synthesized silver nanoparticles characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy with a peak of 400-420 nm. For dye degradation of Methylene blue by NaBH4, the obtained nanoparticles with good yield using microbial synthesis can be used. 83 percent of dye decolonization for methylene blue dye has been demonstrated by Cladosporium. Future studies on the use of these particles for in-vitro biological experiments would be cost-effective and convenient.

Jyoti Ashok Kedar1, Sharad Ratan Khandelwal*2, Avinash Dineshkumar Bholay3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 161–165

Manne Sri Sandhya*1, P. K. Awasthi2 and Shruti Mishra3

1S. V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India 2-3Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur - 482 004, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

An attempt was made to analyze the price behavior of cotton in Andhra Pradesh, India. The results revealed that in long run all the markets showed an increasing trend in the arrivals and slight decrease in price trend in different markets. The highest increase in market arrivals was of Guntur followed by Kurnool, Prakasam and Krishna markets. The highest increase in price was observed in Kurnool with Rs. 2491.3 per quintal while lowest observed in Guntur followed by Krishna. Peak period of arrivals was observed in January and October in Kurnool and Krishna markets respectively and low during August and February respectively but in Guntur and Prakasam markets it was found in January and the lowest arrivals in August and July respectively whereas cotton prices peaks in the off season. The peak prices were observed during July to September in Kurnool, Krishna and Guntur markets and April and May in Prakasam district. The lowest price was during November and December in maximum of the markets. The month-wise correlation co-efficient between arrivals and prices in cotton was observed positive in all the months in Kurnool market and Krishna market but in Guntur all the months show negative correlation. Prakasam market shows negative correlation in November and other months observed positive.

Manne Sri Sandhya*1, P. K. Awasthi2 and Shruti Mishra3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 166–170

U. Umadevi1 and C. Srinivas*2

1-2Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India

Abstract

A total number of 118 bacterial isolates were isolated from the infected groundnut soil and plant samples. These isolates have undergone biochemical characterization and were identified as Ralstonia solanacearum. Among 118 isolates, ninety isolates belonged to Race 2 biovar III. The remaining 28 isolates belonged to biovars I and V. Twenty-five isolate belonging to the Race 2 biovar III were shown positive in pathogenicity studies; out of these three molecular methods identified highly virulent isolates. Between December 2017 and January 2018, 80 PGPRs were isolated from vegetable crops and groundnut rhizospheres in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka regions. The isolates were characterized by morphological and molecular methods and evaluated for antagonistic activity against Groundnut's bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). Out of 80 PGPR, PGB24 (MH285273), PGB28 (MH283866), PGP24 (MH290482) were showed significant activity against Ralstonia solanacearum. The rest of the other PGPR showed less activity against Ralstonia solanacearum when tested in in-vitro.

U. Umadevi1 and C. Srinivas*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 171–175

Abdulwahhab Jasim Mahdi*1 and Brahmaji Rao P.2

1-2Department of Environmental Science, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur - 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Pesticides are the chemical compounds which are used in agricultural practice and plays an essential role in the exponential increase in crop yield through preventing diseases due to pest control. The excess use of fertilizer, nutrient content may increase toxicity through trace elements present in the environment. The aim of the present was to evaluate the pesticide by liquid chromatography – mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) in the soil and water samples collected from Mangalagiri, Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, India. The water samples were collected in the dark bottle. The soil sample was collected from Agriculture land. The present study can be concluded as the Mangalagiri region of Guntur district showed pesticide tresses in the soil and water samples. Around 50 different types of pesticides were detected in the soil sample, whereas around 16 different pesticides were present in the water sample.

Abdulwahhab Jasim Mahdi*1 and Brahmaji Rao P.2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 176–178

Ajit Pawar*1 and D. Saraladevi2

1-2Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore -641 003, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at the Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and Coimbatore during 2017-2018 to study the effect of micronutrients and plant growth regulators on growth, flower yield, pigment content and keeping quality of marigold (Tagetes erecta L). The study revealed that application of micronutrients mixture + GA3100 ppm (T2) showed highest total chlorophyll content of 2.98 mg/g, highest sodium content of 1.95 per cent, highest catalase activity (9.64 ∆ OD/min/μg protein, highest peroxides activity (85.45ΔOD/min/μg protein) as well as biochemical parameter recorded highest in treatment T2- Micronutrients mixture + GA3100 ppm higher xanthophyll content of 1.91 mg/g, highest carotenoid content of 1.56 mg/g at 90 days after transplanting over the absolute control.

Ajit Pawar*1 and D. Saraladevi2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 07-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 179–183

M. Prakash*1 and K. R. Saravanan2

1-2Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Thirty black gram genotypes were screened for moisture stress tolerance by subjecting them to induced moisture stress condition at different growth stages viz. vegetative, reproductive and both at vegetative and reproductive stages under pot culture. The observations on biometric and yield characters viz. plant height, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, number of clusters per plant, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight, seed yield plant-1 and four gas exchange parameters viz. leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Cs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were recorded. The results revealed that among the genotypes studied, NRIB002, VBN 7 and ADT 4 were found promising under induced moisture stress condition at both vegetative and reproductive stages. To conclude, moisture stress induced at both vegetative and reproductive stages, the genotypes NRIB002, VBN 7 and ADT 4 were found promising. Hence these genotypes can utilize in further breeding programme for Abiotic stress tolerance and /or also for selection.

M. Prakash*1 and K. R. Saravanan2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 07-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 184–186

Vijiyata Singh Rathour*1 and Vijay Kumar Yadav2

1-2Department of Zoology, Bipin Bihari (P.G.) College Jhansi - 284 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The demand of pearls in market is rising day by day but their supplies from nature have reduced due to over exploitation and pollution. Fresh water Pearl production research techniques was first carried out in India in 1987 by Central Institute of Fresh water Aquaculture Bhuwneshwar, Orissa. They started it with identification of suitable local pearl mussel species, defining appropriate surgical implantation procedures, developing pre and post care procedure and captive pond culture of mussels. In recent years Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh have also initiated commercial production of fresh water pearls. Bundelkhand region has vast resource of fresh water with abundant distribution of qualitatively rich pearl mussel fauna. Bundelkhand fish-farmers and small entrepreneurs who are involved in fish farming business can also utilize these techniques of pearl production for increasing the income of the rural communities and their socio-economic development. In view of this the present study was carried out for popularizing the pearl production in Lamellidens marginalis in Bundelkhand region and making fish farming a profitable business. Governments can provide additional support by providing technical assistance or subsidies to make it a lucrative business.

Vijiyata Singh Rathour*1 and Vijay Kumar Yadav2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 07-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 187–189

Sudam Patale*1

1Department of Botany, Swami Muktanand College of Science, Yeola – 423 401, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Currently, great attention has been given to the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for sustainable agriculture to modify plant performance, mineral feeding and water uptake. For two consecutive years, three species of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasciculatum, G. mosseae and G. etunicatum) were examined under three irrigation intervals. Onion seedlings inoculated with mycorrhiza and non-mycorrhizal seedlings were transplanted to 4m2 plots. After the establishment, the plants were irrigated every 6, 9 and 12 days. Results showed that mycorrhizal colonization substantially increased seedling survival at all irrigation intervals and mycorrhizal colonization increased seedling establishment by more than 16.32 per cent. Onions that were colonized by G. fasciculatum had the highest leaf area at bulbing stage (634.9 cm²) at a 9-day irrigation interval and non-mycorrhizal plants had the lowest leaf area at a 12-day irrigation interval (307.8 cm²). Mycorrhizal colonization increased the yield of onion bulbs by about 3 folds relative to control plants. Onions that were colonized by G. fasciculatum and G. mosseae with irrigation cycles of 6 and 9 days, and G. etunicatum produced the highest marketable bulb at 6-day irrigation intervals (more than 35 t / ha), and non-mycorrhizal plants had the lowest marketable yield at 12-day irrigation intervals.

Sudam Patale*1 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 07-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 190–192

Meenashi Subramani*1 and Umamaheswari Sepperumal2

1P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Karur- 639 007, Tamil Nadu, India 2P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Periyar EVR College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu India

Abstract

The CFU and weight loss studies of Klebsiella sp., and Micrococcus sp., in MSM of polystyrene flakes and beads indicates that due to more surface area of the polystyrene flakes may provide a comfortable substratum for microbes to adhere and utilize polystyrene as a sole source of carbon and increase their population.

Meenashi Subramani*1 and Umamaheswari Sepperumal2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 07-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 193–194

Poonam Tomar*1, Anuj Kumar2 and Sunil Kumar3

1-3Department of Economics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan, India 2Department of Economics, Govt. P. G. College, Dholpur - 328 001, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

This study is undertaken to work out the costs and returns of wheat crop in Bharatpur region of Rajasthan for different categories of farms according to their irrigation facilities. Study is mainly based on primary data, which are collected through interview method from selected sample respondents having (80 Low, 80 Medium, 80 Highly irrigated farms) for the agricultural year 2016-17. The results indicate that production of wheat is profitable as reflected through its net returns. The perhectare return over total cost are Rs. 19,963.00, 25731.75 and 31716.75 on low irrigated, medium irrigated and highly irrigated farms respectively. It has been found that output input ratio of wheat is marginally higher (1.69) on highly irrigated farms compare to medium irrigated (1.61) and low irrigated farms (1.52) and all farms (1.63) due to proper irrigated facilities and improve the quality of harvest on account of highly irrigated farms. This study is helpful to understand cost and return structure of wheat crop in Bharatpur Rajasthan and other regions with similar condition.

Poonam Tomar*1, Anuj Kumar2 and Sunil Kumar3 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 08-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 195–199

Nidhin Raj*1, P. Anitha1, T. Pradeepkumar1, Dicto Jose1, V. I. Beena2 and C. Laly John3

1Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 2Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India 3Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India

Abstract

Twenty-five dolichos bean accessions (Lablab purpureus var. typicus) were evaluated for variability, heritability and genetic divergence under Kerala conditions. GCV and PCV were highest for number of pods per plant (66.65, 67.66) followed by green pod yield per plant (49.24, 49.97). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was noted for the characters pod girth (98.48, 55.12), pod length (97.47, 51.80), green pod yield per plant (97.09, 99.94), number of pods per plant (97.06, 135.27), number of seeds per pod (92.46, 45.63), pod weight (91.27, 61.27), days to first flowering (89.41, 23.49), days to first fruit set (86.35, 20.38), number of pods per cluster (65.72, 23.53), total phenols (96.05, 67.47), calcium (91.51, 39.74) and crude fibre (68.58, 27.20). Based on Mahalanobis D2 analysis the accessions were grouped into six clusters. The highest inter cluster distance was exhibited between the clusters IV and V (3929.71) which indicated that maximum variability existed between the accessions present in these clusters and hence they can be used as parents in a hybridization programme.

Nidhin Raj*1, P. Anitha1, T. Pradeepkumar1, Dicto Jose1, V. I. Beena2 and C. Laly John3 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 12-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 200–202

Asha Rani*1 and B. S. Bisht2

1-2Department of Zoology, SRT Campus Badshahithaul, Tehri - 249 199, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

The intent of this paper is to put emphasis on the population dynamics of adult moths and larvae of Hymenia recurvalis Fab. pest of the crop Amaranthus caudatus L. as several attacks of pest Hymenia recurvalis Fab. on the crop damage the plant and incurred huge economic loss to the farmers. Severe attack results in drying up of crop within very short period of time leading to the failure of photosynthetic machinery hence poor yield of grains. Biotic potential is regarded as the qualitative expression of the insect-pest that help to maintain in an environment. The knowledge of insect-pest in their population build-up is very helpful in deciding the extent of damage to the crop. Insect-pest show variable pattern of incidence based upon Agro-climatic conditions. Variable climatic factors play an important role in determining the incidence of the pest. Hence the investigation on Hymenia recurvalis Fab. in particular area provides an idea regarding the spreading of insect-pest and their peak activity period which help in developing the effective management strategies particularly in Uttarakhand state.

Asha Rani*1 and B. S. Bisht2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 12-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 203–205

Amrita Anand*1 and G. Veerakumaran2

1-2Department of Co-operative Management, College of Co-operation, Banking and Management, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India

Abstract

The Indian plantation sector is overwhelmed by little possessions, which represent 88% of the total rubber production in the nation. The rubber marketing co-operatives promoted by the Rubber Board from early 1960s could not effectively reach the large number of farmers due to the political and beurocratic control. So, Rubber Board advanced the arrangement of grass root level associations at the village level called Rubber Producers' Societies, so as to convey proper innovation to boost the profitability and creation of small holdings to meet the increasing need for natural rubber. The present study examined the constraints faced in the functioning of Poothrikka Rubber Producers’ Society in district Ernakulam of Kerala. To examine the objective primary data were collected from the president and executive committee members of the society. The constraints were studied in the stages of production, procurement, processing and marketing of natural rubber and analyzed using index methodology. “Lack of nurseries for supplying good quality, high yielding planting materials to the needy growers”, “irregular supply of latex from members”, “difficulty in trading with Rubber Board’s trading companies” and “price fluctuations in the market” were identified as the major constraints faced by the society.

Amrita Anand*1 and G. Veerakumaran2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 14-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 206–209

Anshu Rani Saxena*1

1Department of Botany, S. M. C. C. Government College Aburoad – 307 026, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

A research on Amaranthus paniculatus L. agris (fao) was undertaken to investigate the morphogenesis of the plant through tissue culture techniques. The genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) has attracted great interest in the past year as an agronomic crop in various parts of the world. In fact, Amaranthus is an underutilized crop and a cheap source of proteins, minerals, vitamin A and C and is a promising vegetable. Hence, it is an agriculturally valuable crop but tissue culture technique for this crop remains limited. A combination of plant growth regulators (PGRS) was used to induce callus formation from hypocotyls. The callus formation was faster with combination of Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) + 0.5mg/l Kinetin + 1to 5 mg/l NAA or IAA and 2 and 5 mg/l 2,4-D. Rooting and shooting was best observed in MS medium followed by B5 and Nitsch medium when media were supplemented with 5mg/l 2,4-D, 1mg/l NAA and 0.05mg/I K. The callus underwent differentiation of inflorescence under B5 and MS media at different auxin and cytokinin concentration levels. Plants raised were excellently acclimatized in natural environment with 89 percent survival rate.

Anshu Rani Saxena*1 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 14-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 210–212

V. S. Meena*1, Devendra Kumar Meena2 and U. B. Singh3

1-3Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture (SKNAU), Bharatpur - 321 201, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

The present study has been made to work out the cost of cultivation, workout the input use and yield maximizing levels of inputs and the net return and B:C ratio in major kharif crops. the study is based on Primary data collected from 60 cultivator farmers in Zone - III B, Alwar district has highest area under Bajra, mungbean cotton crop in the zone in 2019-20 therefore Alwar district the village Chandigarh, garhi (in ramgarh tehsil) parsa ka bas, kushal pura (in Alwar Tehsil) and waman tadi, Isharada (in Tezara Tehsil) were selected randomly. In those village 60 farmers irrespective of size of group were selected with Simple Random technique. The primary data were collected from these selected farmers pertinent data 2019 per cent to input output were recorded on the well-structured schedules. Alwar district through interview schedule. The cost of cultivation of cotton was found higher (Rs. 46761.00) comparison to mungbean (Rs. 17142.50) the variable cost the results of the study revealed that per hectare cost of cultivation of major kharif crops was highest in case of cotton (Rs. 467500.00) followed by guar (Rs. 31364.25), bajra (Rs. 22578.00), jawar (Rs. 21832.50) and mungbean (Rs. 17142.50). The split up total cost also indicates that crops are labour intensive which required large number of human labour for performing various operations for producing the crops that the highest gross income of (Rs. 167500) per hectare was realized from cotton crop followed by Gaur (Rs. 71600), mungbean (Rs. 57000) Bajra (Rs. 61250) and jawar (Rs. 56000) cotton crop ranked first from the point of view of net income (Rs. 167500) followed by gaur (Rs. 40235.75) mungbean (Rs. 39857.50), bajra (Rs. 38672) and jawar (Rs. 34167.50), the net return per rupee was highest in cotton (Rs. 167500) and net return per rupee was lowest in jawar (Rs. 34167.50). Looking to cost involved ant net income it is advised that farmers should grow cotton and gaur in the zone for achieving the highest net profit farm Zone III- B Rajasthan for achieving the highest net profit. B: C ratio ware found higher in guar (1.77) and Jawar (1.63) lowest in Cotton (1.38) and mungbean. Therefore, it was concluded from the present study that cotton and mungbean. crop is best for achieving the highest net profit in zone- III B Rajasthan the overall level major problems were reported by farmers for non-availability of higher human labour and bullock labour in time (36.67), high seed cost (40.00), high wage rates (36.67) and lack of technical knowledge. (41.67), whereas Quality seeds are not available in time (28.33) Pest and Disease infection (18.33) Non availability of crop loan in time (16.67), and Non availability of fertilizers in time (16.67), were Problem faced reported in cultivation of the Zone- III B Rajasthan.

V. S. Meena*1, Devendra Kumar Meena2 and U. B. Singh3 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 15-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 213–214

Richa1, Shakti K. Prabhuji*1, Atul K. Srivastava2 and Shubhra Srivastava3

1Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Centre, M. G. Post Graduate College, Gorakhpur – 273 001, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Department of Chemistry, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya -824 234, Bihar, India 3Department of Chemistry, M. G. Post Graduate College, Gorakhpur – 273 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

A new concept of the preparation of herbal biofertilizer has been visualized to have a combined effect of good quality biofertilizer together with an effective bio-pesticide. For this the biofertilizer prepared using the kitchen biodegradable wastes has been mixed thoroughly, in a ratio of 5:1 with the dried and finely powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis, Boerhaavia diffusa, Cordia myxa, Flacourtia jungomas and Terminalia arjuna. The herbal biofertilizer is a good nutrient supplier to the plants rather better than the normal biofertilizer and friendly to the good bacteria present in the soil; with pathogen resistance against soil-borne plant pathogens eliminating the use of chemical pesticides. The combination of medicinal plants may vary to have variable results and furthermore, the use of Herbal Biofertilizer would be a boon to gradually replace the enormous use of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides.

Richa1, Shakti K. Prabhuji*1, Atul K. Srivastava2 and Shubhra Srivastava3 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 15-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 215–217

Girraj Singh Meena*1

1Department of Botany, Government College, Dholpur – 328 001, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Chromosomal variation is an important tool in genetic analysis. The objectives of the present study were to determine mutagenic efficiency of physical and chemical mutagens. The paper reports the results of application of 5kr, 10kr and 15kr of gamma rays and/ or 0.02% of Nitroso Methyl Urea (NMU) on Khesari (Lathyrus sativus). The seeds of Lathyrus were treated with 5kr, 10kr and 15kr doses of gamma rays and 0.02% of NMU independently and in combination. Different types of chromosomal changes were observed during meiotic division like stickiness, laggards, bridges and condensed bivalents etc. The higher doses of gamma rays showed deleterious effects when applied separately as well as combined with NMU. The combined treatment of physical and chemical mutagens was more effective than independent doses of both mutagens.

Girraj Singh Meena*1 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 15-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 218–220

Dhangar Deenali K.*1 and Farida P. Minocheherhomji2

1-2B. P. Baria Science Institute, Shayaji Rd, Asha Nagar, Navsari - 396 445, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms found in the rhizosphere of wheat are responsible for providing phosphorus essential for the growth and development of the plants. In the present study phosphate solubilizing microorganisms were isolated, screened and characterized for their phosphate solubilization efficiency ultimately providing nutrition in wheat. 21 isolates showing different levels of phosphate solubilizing activity in both agar plate and broth assays using Pikovaskaya’s medium were obtained through screening. Among all, four isolates showed maximum phosphate solubilization and were hence employed for 16S rRNA sequencing. The PSB labelled as FA22, FA3, FC9 and FC10 were tentatively identified as Micrococcus species, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Bacillus subtilis and Exiguobacterium indicum respectively through 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Our results suggest that these isolates can be efficiently used as bioinoculants for better production of wheat in terms of quantity as well as quality even in low fertility soils.

Dhangar Deenali K.*1 and Farida P. Minocheherhomji2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 18-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 221–226

Meenashi Subramani*1 and Umamaheswari Sepperumal2

1P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Karur (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tamil Nadu, India 2P.G. and Research Department of Zoology, Periyar EVR College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tamil Nadu – 620 023, India

Abstract

The existence of synthetic polymeric wastes in the environment could have adverse impact on the biota. Although polystyrene has wide applicability in the industries, their mode of disposal should be in an ecofriendly manner. With this view, the present study was designed to elucidate the potential of bacteria persisting in Polystyrene (PS) waste dumped site to degrade polystyrene. FTIR spectral studies reveal that Bacillus sp. has induced chemical changes in polystyrene. Further, UV treatment has also caused chemical changes in PS. The formation of CH, C=C and OH group in the FTIR spectra of PS inoculated with Bacillus sp. for a period of one week and disappearance of absorption peak at 1373 cm-1 (CH) on prolonged incubation of PS for four weeks was evident. Furthermore, incubation of UV treated PS with Bacillus sp. has resulted in the formation of C-O (1288 cm-1) and disappearance of CH group (1492 cm-1) when compared to the UV untreated PS. Moreover, prolonged incubation for four weeks in MSM caused the evolution of new absorption peak at 1369 cm-1 (CH) and disappearance of absorption band at 1288 cm-1 (C-O). These observations indicate that Bacillus sp. could degrade polystyrene.

Meenashi Subramani*1 and Umamaheswari Sepperumal2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 227–231

Priya S.*1 and Franklin Charles Jose2

1-2Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Udhagamandalam - 643 002, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Common bean is a species having high nutritional composition. Drought response in plants is complex phenomenon relating interactions between structure, functions and development of the plant. The Improvement of drought resistant for common bean has major objectives for many breeding programs. The growth of the plant, related to the parameter plays a vital role in the selection criteria for drought resistance. The increasing drought tolerance in commercial varieties is highly desirable. 20 varieties of common bean leaves were collected, it is subjected in vitro water stress with 10% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000). The parameters are determined as a relative water content (RWC), seedling root length, leaf area, stomatal index, wax and proline. The result points out that these varieties responded differently during the drought stress. Tolerant and Susceptible comes under the varieties that are categorized which are based on RWC. The tolerant varieties maintain a high-water content. Generally, the tolerant varieties are higher in seedling root length, leaf area, stomatal index, wax than the susceptible varieties. The proline accumulations are higher in susceptible varieties when compared to the tolerant varieties. A significant correlation was observed from the above parameters. The results are discussed with reference to the plant’s response during drought.

Priya S.*1 and Franklin Charles Jose2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 232–234

Vikesh Kumar*1

1Department of Chemistry, Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa - 486 003, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Chlorogenic acid and myricetin are natural ﬂavonoids found in many medicinal plants, is well known for its rich pharmacological activities. This paper describes the flavonoids composition of the plantation white sugar and the method of isolation thereof. A simple method for the simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acids and myricetin content in plantation white sugar has been reported. Two unknown sugar flavonoids were isolated from sugar by using resin-based column chromatography. After filtration, the colorant solution was adsorbed on to the gel column at a flow rate of 1ml/3min, and elution was done with water at the same rate. 10 ml fractions were collected which were then chromatographed on cellulose TLC plates. The pure fractions were completely evaporated and investigated for identification. Flavonoids structures were elucidated by Rf value, UV and NMR spectroscopic techniques, and chromatography. This is the first report of chlorogenic acid and myricetin as cane sugar pigments that can be used as natural antioxidants in food or non-food products.

Vikesh Kumar*1 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 20-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 235–241

Baba Tabasum*1 and Rajesh Dixit2

1-2Department of Zoology, P. M. B. Gujarati Science College, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore - 452 017, Madhya Pradesh

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of monogenean helminth ecto-parasitic infections on catfishes (C. batrachus and C. gariepinus) in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. A total number of 453 fish samples of Clarias batrachus and Clarias gariepinus were collected consisting of 236 Clarias batrachus (143 males and 93 females) and 217 Clarias gariepinus (117 males and 100 females) a total of 217 specimens were examined for the period of two years. Results indicated presence of three species of parasites, Gyrodactylus sp., Dactylogyrus sp. and Lernea. Overall prevalence of 47.88% and Mean Intensity of 1.65% was recorded. In Clarias gariepinus, overall prevalence of 41.93% and Mean Intensity of 1.26% was recorded while in Clarias gariepinus overall prevalence of 41.93% and Mean Intensity of 1.26% was recorded. Females were found more infested than males. However, in Clarias batrachus, the prevalence was found higher than Clarias gariepinus. The results indicated that fishes are suffering ecto-parasitic infections on account of high pollution levels in the water bodies. Thus, need of hour is to reduce aquatic pollution to reduce parasitic infestations.

Baba Tabasum*1 and Rajesh Dixit2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 242–245

G. Sathiya Narayanan*1, K. Agaligai2 and M. Prakash3

1-3Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Kodo millet (Paspalum scorbiculatum L.) is also known as ditch millet. It is grown only in India, although the wild grass is a widespread tropical weed that is harvested as a wild cereal in West Africa. The species was domesticated in India some 3000 years ago. It is grown in India from Kerala and Tamil Nadu in the south, to Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in the north, and West Bengal in the east, as a food grain. Seeds are basic for crop production. No agricultural practice can improve a crop beyond the limits set by the seed. Quality seeds along with other improved package of practices play a vital role in improving productivity of crops under rainfed condition. Seed priming is a practice adopted to alleviate the moisture stress or making the plant resistant to moisture stress. With this background the present investigations were carried out at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University to study on the effect of various seed enhancement treatments on seed yield and quality in kodo millet cv. CO 3. The fresh seed of kodo millet cv. CO 3 were given with various organic seed enhancement treatments i.e., hardened with cow urine @ 3%, vermiwash @ 3%, panchagavya @ 3%, azospirillum @ 3%, goat urine @ 3%, rhizobium @ 3%. Then the treated seeds were evaluated for their seed qualities and productivity using untreated seeds as control. The vermiwash @ 3% hardened seeds registered significantly higher values for initial seed qualities and lower electrical conductivity. In field evaluation, vermiwash @ 3% hardened seeds recorded higher growth, physiological and yield parameters.

G. Sathiya Narayanan*1, K. Agaligai2 and M. Prakash3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Jan-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 246–249

Bharat Lal Kushwaha*1, V. K. Singh2 and Hari Prakash Namdev3

1-3Department of Agriculture (Agronomy), Brahmanand P. G. College, Rath, Hamirpur - 210 431, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

The present investigation was conducted with the objective to know the Effect of integrated nutrient management modules on nutrient uptake, quality and economics of high yielding varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The study comprised six treatments of nutrient management modules (a) F1- FYM@10 t ha-1, (b) F2- Varmicompost @ 5 t ha-1, (c) F3- Poultry manure @ 5t ha-1, (d) F4- Chemical check 20+60+20+20 kg NPKS ha-1 as basal application, F5- Vitormone @125ml ha-1 as foliar application, (d) F6- Control and four varieties (a) V1- Pragati (K-3256), (b) V2- Pusa- 256, (c) V3- Avrodhi, (d) V4- Pant G-186. The study revealed that the nutrient management modules F2- (Varmicompost @ 5 t ha-1) found suitable for maximum yield and nutrient uptake of chickpea with variety V3- Avrodhi. However, the higher IUENPK was associate with higher with F3- Poultry manure @ 5 t ha-1 among the organic and inorganic sources of plant nutrients, however, the highest is with control. This, was statistically at par with F2- and significantly higher than the other fertilizer modules. The maximum IUENPK found with V1- Pragati (K-3256) which was significantly superior over V2- Pusa- 256, and V3- Avrodhi. It remained at par with V4- Pant G-186. Thus, it may be concluded that V3- Avrodhi fertilized with F2- (Varmicompost @ 5 t ha-1) may be sustainable chickpea production in Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh.

Bharat Lal Kushwaha*1, V. K. Singh2 and Hari Prakash Namdev3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 250–255

Sanjeev Kumar*1

1Department of Economics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow - 226 007, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

The present paper has examined the trends of growth and instability (risk) in agriculture sector of Bundelkhand region in Uttar Pradesh during 2004-05 to 2015-16. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) and Instability Index techniques have been used for the analysis of secondary data. The result indicates that the growth rate of all crops except pulses and oilseeds has been found positive in case of production and productivity of crops. It is also observed that the area, production and productivity of crops have widespread variations with mixed growth rate across all the districts of Bundelkhand throughout the entire study period. On the other hand, the trends of instability with respect to various crops has been clearly indicate that there is high level of instability index in all crops in terms of area, production and productivity in Bundelkhand region at aggregated level as well as district level. The agriculture risk has been found least in case of fruits and vegetables. It is noticed that there are significant differences in area, production and productivity risk in all the crops in the districts and Bundelkhand during the study period. The growth and instability relationship clearly indicates that there is positive relationship between growth and instability. It means that higher growth rate leads higher instability. The fluctuated growth performance of crop sector in Bundelkhand region has indicated the need for evolving specific strategies at district level for ensuring sustainable and inclusive agricultural growth in Uttar Pradesh. Moreover, there is need to mitigate agricultural risk factor and provide irrigation facilities along with modern inputs and prudent management of rainfall water for the development of sustainable agriculture sector in Bundelkhand region.

Sanjeev Kumar*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 256–259

Shubhangi R. Shinde*1

1PDEAs Annasaheb Magar Mahavidyalay, Pune - 411 028, Maharashtra

Abstract

The widespread use of detergents increasing the global concern regarding its environmental pollution brought about by their active ingredients. Since detergents are pollutants, it is essential to degrade them by biological means. In the present study, we reported 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based S. aureus SS1 and P. aeruginosa SS2 able to degrade >90% of surfactant once immobilized in alginate and agar gel cubes evidenced by reduced total dissolved solids and chemical oxygen demand. Detergent free water received from S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa treatment also used to grow wheat seed and found to be promising for increasing vigour index.

Shubhangi R. Shinde*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 260–265

V. Subasshini*1 and S. Thilagavathi2

1-2Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Periyar University, Salem - 636 011, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

This paper is based on critical review of researches on nutritional value of millets grown as a food crop in South Asia. Millets are a group of small-seeded grasses, grown around the world as cereal crops/grains. They are hardy and grow well in dry zones as rain-fed crops, under the conditions of fertile soil and moisture. Millets are the crops which are unique due to their short growing season. The shelf life of the whole millets is two or more years when it is properly stored. Millets have remarkable quantity of nutrients when compared to rice and wheat in terms of proteins, minerals and vitamins. Millets are the rich sources of minerals like iron, magnesium, phosphorous and potassium. Although millets are nutritionally richer than cereals it is mostly consumed by the lower economic stratum. Millets have their significant addition to national food security and health benefits. Since millets are nutritionally good it has gained popularity among most of the population the various food processing industries have started to develop new value-added products to meet the demand of the customers. Many traditional products are prepared with millets like malted beverages, infant foods and snack foods. Obesity, diabetes, Cardiovascular diseases are very common among urban populations which can be prevented by consuming millets. Millets are considered as functional foods with more health benefits and value-added strategies. Hence with suitable processing technologies it can be incorporated in value added food products with more demands of urban population.

V. Subasshini*1 and S. Thilagavathi2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 04-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 266–269

Abhijit Sahasrabudhe*1

1Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, D.S PM’s K. V. Pendharkar College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Dombivli (E), Thane – 421 203, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Dandruff is a common disorder affecting the scalp. The genus Malassezia is the main causative agent of dandruff. Out of 17 different species, Malassezia furfur and Malassezia globosa are the main cause of dandruff. In recent years plant-based products are widely used as therapeutic weapon to cure human disorders. Earlier studies showed fruit extracts of Garcinia indica (Kokam) have significant effect against fungus growth. In the present study an attempt was made to know the combine effect of different fruit extracts against dandruff causing organism Malassezia furfur. It was observed that ethyl acetate fraction of G. indica was effective at 100% concentration as compared to other extracts. Combination of G. indica and E. officinalis showed maximum zone of inhibition (28.4 ± 1.4 mm). Fruit extracts showed good activity against dandruff causing organism Malassezia furfur. From the results, we conclude that plant extracts have antifungal activity and could be safely used for treating dandruff. Further studies can be made on the active molecules of plant extracts responsible for antidandruff activity.

Abhijit Sahasrabudhe*1 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 05-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 270–273

Shubhangi R. Shinde*1

1PDEAs Annasaheb Magar Mahavidyalay, Pune – 411 028, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Detergents one of the most commonly used chemicals in the household, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and in agriculture- finding its success in many ways. However, with increasing use, it is increasingly concentrating in the environment and now grouped in significant pollutant. Hence it is essential to degrade the accumulated detergent by biological means. In this study, detergent contaminated water sample found to be positive for bacterial species able to degrade sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). We identified those species as Staphylococcus aureus SS1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa SS2 and appeared to be efficient degrader of SDS within ten days at high concentration (about 1% of total volume). As per Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy and Thin Layer Chromatography, SDS is degraded to dodecanoyl by these bacterial species and exhibit exceptional capabilities to become resistant and further breaks SDS, and hence those are considered as a source for biotechnological tools to bring about cheap bioremediation for industrial applications in coming time.

Shubhangi R. Shinde*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 274–275

K. S. Thillaivijay1, K. Kanagasabapathi*2 and V. Sakthivel3

1-3Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

This study entitled ‘Adoption of recommended practices in pulse cultivation’ was aimed to study adoption level of pulses in Cuddalore District. This study was conducted in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. A sample size of 120 growers were selected from twelve identified villages. Data were collected by interviewing the respondents personally. Percentage analysis and mean were used for analyzing and interpreting the data. This study revealed that medium level of adoption was noticed in black gram and green gram. In black gram cultivation, most of the respondents adopted the recommended practice of harvesting procedure and ‘recommended varieties’. More than two -fifth of the respondents adopted ‘recommended method of sowing’ and ‘recommended seed rate’. Less than forty percentage of the respondents adopted ‘pre-sowing treatment’, ‘recommended ‘manuring’, ‘disease management’, ‘pest management’ and ‘foliar spray’. Regarding green gram, more than two-fifth of the respondents adopted the recommended practices in harvesting procedure, ‘recommended ‘varieties’ and ‘recommended method of sowing’. More than one-third of the farmers adopted ‘recommended seed rate’ and less than one-third adopted ‘pre-sowing treatment’, ‘recommended manuring’, ‘disease management’ and ‘pest management.’ It is time to motivate the pulse growing farmers to adopt the recommended practices to increase the yield in pulse crops.

K. S. Thillaivijay1, K. Kanagasabapathi*2 and V. Sakthivel3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 276–277

J. Sivasubramanian*1 and M. Kavaskar2

1-2Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

This study was conducted in Puducherry and Karaikal region of Puducherry Union Territory. A sample size of 240 ATMA beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries were selected based on random sampling method. Data were collected by interviewing the respondents personally with the help of a pre-tested and structured interview schedule. Percentage analysis was used for analyzing and interpreting the data. The data revealed that more than half (51.66 per cent) of the ATMA beneficiaries had medium level of information sharing behaviour followed by high (29.17 per cent). In case of non-beneficiary category 45.00 per cent of the respondents had medium level of information sharing behaviour followed by low (38.33 per cent) and high (16.67 per cent) level of information sharing behaviour.

J. Sivasubramanian*1 and M. Kavaskar2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 08-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 278–280

Akhilesh Singh1, Abhishek Singh*2 and P. Singh3

1-3Department of Chemistry, K. S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya - 224 001, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Department of Chemistry, U. P. Autonomous College, Varanasi - 221 002, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Several 6-Amino-1-aryloxyaceto-4-aryl-5-cyano-3-methyl-1,4,5,7-tetrahydro pyrazolo[4,5-e]pyridines (III) have been synthesized from synthon 1-aryloxyaceto-4arylidine-3-methyl-pyrazol-5-ones (II). The molluscicidal activity of few titled compounds has been evaluated against the snail Lymnaea acuminate. The LC50 slope, t-ratio heterogeneity and g-values have been determined and discussed.

Akhilesh Singh1, Abhishek Singh*2 and P. Singh3 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 08-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 281–285

R. Vallipriya*1 and M. Shabana Begum2

1-2Department of Biochemistry, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram - 637 408, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The main aim of this investigation is to investigate the cardioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Ipomoea biloba on isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. The rats were divided into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as a normal control; Group II rats were administered isoproterenol (20mg/kg) through sub cutaneous injection to induce the myocardial infarction. Group III and IV were pretreated with ethanolic extract of Ipomoea biloba leaf (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg respectively) before to the subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (20mg/kg, b.w) for 2 consecutive days. Group V received ethanolic extract of Ipomoea biloba (200mg/kg b.w) alone for 28 days excluding the treatment procedures. After the completion of experimental period, the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and lipoproteins were estimated. The myocardial damage was assessed by quantifying the serum levels of cardiac marker enzymes (AST, ALT, LDH, CK, and TP) uric acid, and ceruloplasmin. The results of this experiment revealed that the Isoproterenol induced rats showed a significant increase in the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and phospholipids in both serum and heart homogenate. A rise in the levels of LDL, VLDL with significant decrease in the level of HDL was also observed in the serum of isoproterenol-intoxicated rats. Interestingly our findings were proved that the treatment with the ethanolic extract of I. biloba leaf was showed the noticeable decrease in the lipid profiles and myocardial marker enzymes in the experimental rats. The extract treatment also prevented the elevation of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids in myocardial infarction induced rats. Hence, the findings of this work was clearly proved that the I. biloba leaf was appreciably prevented the isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats.

R. Vallipriya*1 and M. Shabana Begum2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 286–288

Sivaelango Gopal1 and Jayanthi Somannan*2

1Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem - 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India 1Department of Biochemistry, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur - 635 601, Tamil Nadu, India 2Shri Sakthikailassh Women’s College, Salem - 636 003, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The macro algae with potent phytochemicals were reported to have extensive biological activities with noteworthy uses in developing novel drug molecules, leads for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals in managing various human diseases. Numerous investigations reported that primary and secondary metabolites from algae exhibited remarkable pharmacological activities, thus the present investigation was carried out to explore the phytochemical constituents of the brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata collected from the Mandapam coastal area of Tamil Nadu, India. The preliminary phytochemical profiling was conducted to establish the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, coumarines, steroids and terpenoids in the extracts of Turbinaria ornata. Our study results elucidated that compared to other solvent extracts there is the presence of more phytochemicals in methanolic extract and the presence of phenolics was also clearly exhibited in the UV-VIS analysis of Turbinaria ornata methanolic extract which shows a promising evidence for the antioxidant activity of Turbinaria ornata. Similarly, the GC-MS spectrum elucidates the presence of different pattern of bioactive compounds which were reported to possess remarkable bioactivities. The present work supports and revealed the presence of bioactive compounds in Turbinaria ornata and may exhibit wide biological activities.

Sivaelango Gopal1 and Jayanthi Somannan*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 289–293

Anjan Kumar Sarma*1

1Faculty of Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati - 781 026, Assam, India

Abstract

A laboratory study was conducted to study the fungi present in stored cowpea seeds. Freshly harvested cowpea seeds were stored for twelve months to determine the fungi appeared during storage. Sampling was made for isolation of fungi at zero day, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of storage. Results revealed that, before storage i.e., at zero day of storage, four fungal strains were isolated. At the end of the three months, nine fungal species were isolated. After six months, fourteen fungal species were isolated from the stored cowpea seeds. Nineteen and twenty-three fungal species were isolated from nine- and twelve-months stored cowpea seeds respectively. The number of storage fungi isolated from stored cowpea seeds increased with increase in storage time. These include different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Mucor, Cephalosporoim, Chaetomium, Sprotrichum, Zygosporoum and Geotrichum. The most predominant fungus isolated was Aspergillus flavus. All these fungi resulted in the reduction of protein content of the seeds.

Anjan Kumar Sarma*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 294–297

T. Uma Maheswari*1, N. Suganth2 and J. Padmanaban3

1-3Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

The present investigation on the processing and quality evaluation of banana fig was carried out at Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar during 2018-2020. The experiment was carried out in Completely Randomized Design with four formulations and five replications. Banana fig was prepared with four formulations viz., T1 - Sugar, T2 - Honey, T3 - Country sugar, T4 - Jaggery. The highest value of 59.22% for total sugar was recorded in figs treated with sugar (T1). The highest values for vitamin C (7.65mg/100g), protein content (2.63%) was recorded in figs treated with honey (T2). The lowest values for acidity (0.232%) and highest values for pH (4.92) were recorded in figs treated with country sugar (T3). Though the physico-chemical characters vary among the formulations, the treatment T1 (figs prepared with sugar) is regarded as the best with regard to the organoleptic scores. Banana fig had recorded four months of storage life at ambient temperature.

T. Uma Maheswari*1, N. Suganth2 and J. Padmanaban3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 298–302

K. Agaligai1, G. Sathiya Narayanan*2 and S. Ranjithrajaram3

1-3Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The present investigations were carried out at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University to study on the effect of various seed enhancement treatments on seed yield and quality in Kodo millet cv. CO 3. The fresh seed of kodo millet cv. CO 3 were given with various chemical seed hardening treatments i.e., hardened with ZnSO4 @ 1%, MgCl @ 1%, MgSo4 @ 1%, FeSo4 @ 1%, KOH @ 1%, Kcl @ 1%, NaHCO3 @ 1%, CaCl2 @ 1%, CH4N2S @ 1% and KH2PO4 @ 1%. Then the treated seeds were evaluated for their seed qualities and productivity using untreated seeds as control. The KH2PO4 @ 1% hardened seeds registered significantly higher values for initial seed qualities and lower electrical conductivity. In field evaluation, the KH2PO4 @ 1% hardened treated seeds recorded higher growth, physiological and yield parameters.

K. Agaligai1, G. Sathiya Narayanan*2 and S. Ranjithrajaram3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 303–306

Abigail Zothansiami1 and Debashis Mandal*2

1-2Department of Horticulture, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl -796 004, Mizoram, India

Abstract

An experiment was conducted during 2017-18 at Aizawl District, Mizoram to evaluate the response of different organic manure with biofertilizer combination on growth, yield and fruit quality of banana cv. Giant Cavendish planted at 3mX3m spacing in clay loam soil. 13 treatments viz. T1: Farm Yard Manure (FYM), T2: Vermi compost (VC), T3: Neem Cake (NC), T4: Poultry Manure (PM), T5: Azotobacter (AZ), T6: Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB), T7: Potash Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB), T8: FYM +AZ+PSB+ KSB, T9: VC +AZ+PSB+ KSB, T10: NC +AZ+PSB+ KSB, T11: PM +AZ+PSB+ KSB, T12: AZ+PSB+ KSB and T13: Control (no fertilizer) were used with three replications laid out in Randomized Block Design. Result showed that plants applied with PM+AZ+PSB+KSB (T11) had good growth in terms of pseudo stem height (255.67cm), girth (69.33cm) and number of leaves (24.27) along with high finger weight (179.90gm) and yield (22.90 kg tree-1). Besides, fruits from this treatment had high pulp:peel ratio (2.30), Total Soluble Solids (TSS: 25.17°Brix) and TSS:acid ratio (125.85). However, fruits from the plants manured with VC+AZ+PSB+KSB had highest TSS (25.50°Brix) and ascorbic acid content (12.23mg 100g-1).

Abigail Zothansiami1 and Debashis Mandal*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 307–312

M. Jegadeesan1, M. R. Naveen Kumar*2 and Miyazaki Hidetoshi3

1-2Department of Social Sciences, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Kudmiyanmalai - 622 104, Pudukottai, Tamil Nadu, India 3National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka 565-8511, Japan

Abstract

Root and tuber crops are the most important food crops after cereals. They have the highest rate of dry matter production per day and are major calorie contributors. Tuber crops find an important place in the dietary habits of small and marginal farmers especially in the food security of tribal population. Considering growing importance of the tuber crops in culinary, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of different extension methods in imparting training to the selected households about value added products from minor tuber crops. Kidaripatti village of Madurai district was selected purposively. Results showed that it could be appropriate to formulate strategies for providing training to the rural households about the value addition of the minor tuber crops. It is necessary to design awareness campaign to disseminate available minor tuber-based technology and products among them. It is also important to promote market accessibility and affordability to rural households towards the purchase of minor tuber-based crop or value-added products.

M. Jegadeesan1, M. R. Naveen Kumar*2 and Miyazaki Hidetoshi3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 313–316

P. Sathiya Bama*1

1P. G. Department of Zoology, M. V. Muthiah Government Arts College, Affiliated to Mother Teresa Women’s University, Dindigul - 624 001, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Every bird present on the earth need a shelter during their breeding season. Shelter home may be in the form of nest, dwelling space on the ground, on tree crevices or on electric poles. Corvus splendens is a cosmopolitan bird with unique nest building characteristic features. Identifying crucial factors involved in nest-site selection is essential for implementing conservation measures for house crow and its population. In the present study an attempt was made to draw the affinity of C. splendens with the nesting potential, number of nests per tree, canopy configuration and ramifications in the probable tree species of sampling sites in and around Dindigul, Tamil Nadu. Out of 687 trees surveyed, 39 species of 306 trees belonging to 23 families were found to be suitable for nest construction. Likewise, two branches were chosen for nest platform substratum in the maximum trees studied. More number of nests were constructed on the top canopy of trees located near commercial buildings where mutton stalls available followed by residential buildings with food source proximity than human non inhabitated areas. The study provides the basic information about bird’s instinct behaviour of nest construction on suitable tree species near food availability which can be helpful for conservation and study of bird’s ethnology.

P. Sathiya Bama*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 317–322

D. Venkatakrishnan*1, M. Prabhu1, S. Sathiyamurthi1, G. Sathyanarayanan2 and V. Sathyaseelan3

1Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu 2Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India 3Department of Entomology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Brinjal or eggplant is widely known as aubergine. The incubation experiment was conducted with conventional organic resources like vermicompost, non-conventional organic source like municipal solid waste compost and industrial by products like rice husk ash, lignite fly ash with chemical fertilizers are used to study the release pattern of nutrients. The soil was sandy soil pH 7.83, EC 0.22 dSm-1 (Typic udisamments). The conventional and non-conventional organic sources registered pH of 7.5 and EC of 0.16 dSm-1 and the highest organic carbon content (4.2 g kg ha-1), KMnO4-N (147.5 mg kg-1), Olsen-P (7.1 mg kg-1) and NH4OAc (74.53 mg kg-1) in the treatment receiving 75% RDF and vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1. The pot experiment was conducted in Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Annamalai University to evaluate the yield of brinjal and post-harvest nutrient NPK status. Pot experiment were conducted at the same set of treatment. The highest fruit yield (937.23 g plant-1) and highest post-harvest organic carbon (3.5 g kg-1), Nitrogen (146 mg kg-1), Phosphorus (7.15 mg kg-1) and Potassium (77.48 mg kg-1) were recorded in the treatment applied with 75% RDF and vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1.

D. Venkatakrishnan*1, M. Prabhu1, S. Sathiyamurthi1, G. Sathyanarayanan2 and V. Sathyaseelan3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 323–326

Monika Choudhary*1 and Som Raj2

1-2Department of Geography, University of Jammu, Jammu - 180 006, Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract

Gender differences in control, use and ownership of resources is well manifested in agriculture sector. This proves to be a hindrance in the process of agricultural development as women make significant contributions to this sector especially in the developing countries. The contribution of women is as crucial as that of men; women are engaged as cultivators as well as agricultural labourers. In this paper the gendered differences in the control, use and ownership over various agricultural resources have been assessed. Primary survey has been conducted in order to collect the required information with respect to the selected resources. Data was collected for both men as well as women population engaged in agricultural activities. A well-structured schedule was constructed to collect the primary data. The gathered data was analyzed with the help of SPSS Software. Gender gaps were observed in the use, control and ownership of the agricultural resources in the study area. Of both the genders, women lagged far behind men in the control, use and ownership of almost all the agricultural resources taken under consideration.

Monika Choudhary*1 and Som Raj2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 327–330

Vikky M. Patel1 and Narendra Singh*2

1Department of Plant Pathology, C. P. College of Agriculture, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinager - 385 506, Gujarat, India 2Pulses Research Station, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinager - 385 506, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) disease of potato is becoming prominent in many potato growing districts of Gujarat state which reduce quality and market value of the produce, resulting in economic losses. The field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2014-15 in naturally infested field with scurf pathogen at Potato Research Station, S. D. Agricultural University, Deesa (Gujarat) with the objective to find out suitable management strategies for black scurf pathogen through fungicides. Among different fungicides tested against black scurf, the treatment having tuber spray with pencycuron 22.9% SC @ 5 ml/lit recorded minimum disease incidence (4.33%) with the least disease index (0.27) as compared to other treatments. The same treatment gave maximum total tuber yield (342.00 q/ha) with highest income Rs. 2,67,750/ha. When price computed with healthy and diseased tuber yields among treatments, the maximum income variation was (Rs. 86,250/ha) recorded by the same treatment followed by the tuber spray with pencycuron @ 2.5 ml/lit (Rs. 71,120/ha). The treatment can provide an effective and economical management of black scurf of potato for cultivaters.

Vikky M. Patel1 and Narendra Singh*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 331–337

R. R. Rakh*1, L. S. Raut2 and S. M. Dalvi3

1Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Buddhiswami Mahavidyalaya, Purna (Jn.) - 431 511, Maharashtra, India 2Department of Microbiology, Sant Tukaram College of Arts and Science, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India 3Department of Botany, Shri Guru Buddhiswami Mahavidyalaya, Purna (Jn.) - 431 511, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Soil samples from rhizospheric niches of Tur, Soya bean, Neem, Gram, Jowar and Bavanchya were collected in sterile polythene bags and brought to the laboratory. All the rhizospheric soil samples were tested for phosphate solubilizing bacteria on Pikovskaya agar by Serial Dilution Method. Among the soil samples tested, rhizospheric niches from the Soya bean displayed highest phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 114 than the other rhizospheric soil sample tested. The rhizospheric niches of Tur, Neem and Bavanchya demonstrated 47, 07, and 02 phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Among all the 170 phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from different rhizospheric niches, four isolates, SMD18, SMD36, SMD38 and SMD40 were found qualitatively produce more than 5 mm zone of solubilization on Pikovskaya’s agar plates after 9 days incubation. Among the 4 bacterial isolates, two bacterial isolates, namely SMD 38 and SMD 40 when quantitatively analysed, showed maximum P solubilization on 7th day as 444 μg/ml and 421 μg/ml respectively in PKV broth supplemented with tri – calcium phosphate. While in comparison to these isolates, RRR18 and SMD36 isolates shown less phosphate solubilization as 409 and 400 respectively, when quantitatively analysed. By 16S rRNA sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis identified RRR18 as Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus RRR18, SMD36 as Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus SMD36, SMD38 as Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus SMD38 and SMD 40 as Sporolactobacillus laevolacticus SMD40.

R. R. Rakh*1, L. S. Raut2 and S. M. Dalvi3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 338–345

N. Palanisamy1, S. Anbalagan2, M. Sankareswaran*3, M. Moorthy4 and M. Selvan5

1-5Department of Microbiology, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram-637408, Tami Nadu, India

Abstract

There is continuous discover new antimicrobial compounds with diverse chemical structures and novel mechanisms if action because there has been an alarming increase in the incidence of new and reemerging infectious disease. In recent years, drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has from all over the world. Plant-based therapies are an excellent alternative for antibiotics began to be offered in all the countries, the extracts of medicinal plants still used in traditional medicine. Plants have been the predominant source of medicine with eminence over millennia. Phytochemicals are the chemicals extracted from plants. Depends on the role in the plant metabolism the organic chemicals were classified as primary and secondary constituents. Phytochemical and GC-MS analysis act as an interesting tool in the evaluation of active principles in the extract obtained from the herbs utilized in the treatment against various clinical pathogens. The antibacterial activity of Coleus aromaticus, plant extract in different solvents such as ethanol, methanol, chloroform and petroleum ether of plant extracts against the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia nosocomial pathogens.

N. Palanisamy1, S. Anbalagan2, M. Sankareswaran*3, M. Moorthy4 and M. Selvan5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 346–351

Arpita Bhattacharya*1 and A. Senthil2

1-2School of Engineering and Technology, Mody University of Science and Engineering, Laxmangarh, Sikar – 332 311, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

The issue of leakage in the irrigation pipeline of an agricultural setup not only contributes to the wastage of water but if the water becomes contaminated then its spread due to leakage may harm the crop and also add to the spread of the disease, if any, in the crop. There are many signal based as well as model based techniques for detection of leakage in the water pipeline. From the study carried out, it is evident that model-based techniques are more suitable for agriculture’s irrigation setup. This research paper presents cellular automata-based leakage detection techniques in smart drip irrigation setup for preventing disease to spread in the crop by detecting the leakage, cutting the water supply to that drip pipe and sending SMS to the farmer so that timely action could be taken to treat the leakage area thereby preventing contamination and spread of water to the field preventing the spread of disease to the crop and aiding in water conservation. Moreover, the paper also demonstrates experimental results and discussion of the real time data collected from the soil moisture sensors, flow sensors, rain sensors for three different dates and different time validates the proposed work.

Arpita Bhattacharya*1 and A. Senthil2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 352–357

Sapna Gupta*1, Ruchi Seth2 and Anima Sharma3

1-3Department of Biotechnology, JECRC University, Jaipur - 303 905, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) that acts as an alternative option for enhancing the fertility of agricultural fields to reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers. PGPR represents a wide variety of bacteria which colonize the root systems of plants and can stimulate plant growth by direct or indirect mechanisms. PGPRs are also well known for inducing resistance against various plant pathogens in different crops ranging from pulses, cereals, ornamentals, vegetables, plantation crops, spices etc. The present study was conducted to characterize the native PGPR from rhizosphere of Glycine max from the agricultural fields of Hadoti region, Rajasthan (Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar). Sixty samples were collected at the rate of 15 samples per district. Rhizobacteria strains were isolated from these samples. These isolates were analyzed for some of their PGPR traits like ammonia production, HCN, EPS production as well as enzymatic activity like cellulase and protease production following conventional methods. The microbiological investigations of these samples has shown the Glycice max rhizoshere in hadoti region contain high diversity of microorganism. Eight PGPR isolates were obtained from the soil from fields of Hadoti regions in Rajasthan. The isolated bacterial strains belonged to both gram negative and positive classes. Out of the eight isolates obtained, five isolates were gram negative and three are gram positive in nature. Out of the eight PGPR isolates, five (SBF38, TKF11, MBUF29, KBF41, CJF48) were found to efficient in terms of various plant growth promoting activities. The isolates CJF48 and TKF11 produced high ammonium whereas MBUF29 and KBF41 were found to be low. The HCN was produced by all the isolates (100%) except MBUF29. Siderophore production has been show by only two isolates SBF38 and KBF 41. None of the isolates show indole acetic acid production. The cellulase was produced by all the isolates except the MBUF29. The protease was produced by KBF41 and CJF48 except SBF38, MBUF29 and TKF11. These isolates were further identified and screened for their beneficial effect on other crops.

Sapna Gupta*1, Ruchi Seth2 and Anima Sharma3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 358–361

N. Nadim1, R. Jeya*2 and M. Natarajan3

1-3Department of Agricultural Extension, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Ragi is indigenous to Africa widely cultivated as cereal in hot-humid areas and people depend on ragi as their stable food. The investigation was taken-up in Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu to study the relationship of the socio-economic characters of ATMA beneficiaries with their knowledge level on recommended ragi cultivation practices. Out of the ten blocks Hosur, Krishnagiri and Shoolagiri were selected based on a greater number of respondents participated in the ATMA training. A sample size of 120 respondents were selected by using proportionate random sampling technique. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The results of the study revealed that half the proportion (50.83 per cent) of the respondents had medium level of knowledge followed by high (33.33 per cent) level of knowledge on ragi cultivation practices recommended by ATMA. The correlation analysis revealed that six socio economic characteristics namely educational status, farming experience in ragi cultivation, extension agency contact, innovativeness, risk orientation, and scientific orientation exhibited significant relationship with knowledge level of ATMA beneficiaries.

N. Nadim1, R. Jeya*2 and M. Natarajan3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 362–366

Awasthi Yashi*1 and Singh Neetu2

1-2Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Home Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University central university, Lucknow -226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Plant-based or non-dairy milk alternatives are the fastest growing segment in new product development category of functional beverages. Thus, changing the alternatives in milk-based yoghurt can be a really crucial step to incorporate functional nutrition in our diet. It can be high in protein, calcium, vitamins, and live culture, or probiotics, which enhance the gut micro flora. However, the soy-milk and coconut milk-based yoghurt with incorporating barley water enhances the probiotic properties and has several nutritional advantages over it. This yoghurt could a good source of probiotics as well as protein and fibre for the lactose intolerant population. The milk was extracted from soya beans, barley and coconut and the yoghurt was prepared using two live cultures lactobacillus bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus. This vegan yoghurt was produced using different concentrations of milk. The developed yoghurt was further tested on the basis of its organoleptic properties in seven different samples. All the sample were made to be evaluated by the people and sample 1(S1) which was prepared from equal concentrations of all the three milks was most acceptable and liked by all. From the whole population about 97.35% consumers accepted sample 1(S1). This developed yoghurt was found to be healthy source of probiotics as well as dietary fibre due to the incorporation of the barley milk. It can be used as therapeutic diet for ones who cannot eat due to some chronic illness.

Awasthi Yashi*1 and Singh Neetu2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 367–370

Sudha Bind*1 and A. K. Sharma2

1-2Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263 145, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

Water stress is major abiotic stress that negatively affects the plant productivity. This study was done with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of two PGPR Strains, Variovorax paradoxus (RAA3) and Pseudomonas palleroniana (DPB16) on growth promotion of rice under water stress and irrigated condition. RAA3 and DPB16 having ACC deaminase, nitrogen fixing, phosphate, zinc, potassium solubilizing and IAA producing activity. Both bacterial strains increased all growth associated parameters, chlorophyll content and enzyme activity such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) of rice under water stress and irrigated conditions as compared to the control plant. RAA3 showed better result on plant growth over the DPB16. RAA3 and DPB16 increased the shoot length (17%, 14.30%), root length (17.70%, 10.20%), shoot fresh weight (29.50%, 24.20%), root fresh weight (57.70%, 57.60%), shoot dry weight (28.50%, 27.40%), root dry weight (29.11%, 28.80%), total chlorophyll (28.71%,22.70%), SOD (27.40%, 23.80%), POD (54.80%, 31.80%), CAT (24.30%, 19.70%) and APX (39.80%, 32.20%) respectively under water stress. This study showed that PGPR having ACC deaminase activity and other plant growth promoting traits can be used as biofertilizer to enhance the plant growth through alleviation of water stress.

Sudha Bind*1 and A. K. Sharma2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 371–373

Sivaelango Gopal1 and Jayanthi Somannan*2

1Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem - 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India 1Department of Biochemistry, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur - 635 601, Tamil Nadu, India 2Shri Sakthikailassh Women’s College, Salem - 636 003, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Flavonols are the main dietary groups of flavonoids which are having various medicinal values. In the present study identification of the flavonol morin in the brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata was done. In-silico analysis of morin as drug and inhibitor of MAO-B inhibitor was done and inhibition efficiency was elucidated. Among the two flavonols we isolated morin as yellow amorphous powder and confirmed with 1H NMR study. Purified morin was analyzed for its enzyme inhibition activities, which elucidates that at a concentration of 100 μM morin exhibited 80% inhibition and on dialysis that morin exhibited reversible inhibition due to the dissociable nature of enzyme-inhibitor complexes.

Sivaelango Gopal1 and Jayanthi Somannan*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 374-379

P. Shobana Devi1 and M. Shabana Begum*2

1-2Department of Biochemistry, Muthayammal College of Arts and Science, Rasipuram - 637 408, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Ipomoea staphylina Linn. Is traditional practice in the treatment of stomach disorders, pain, purgation, rheumatism, and also in inflammation. In this study, ethanol extract of Ipomoea staphylina was subjected to analyze its antidiabetic activity in STZ provoked diabetes animals. Diabetes rats were remedied with Ipomoea staphylina (200 milligrams/kg) ethanol extract for 45 days using a noteworthy decline in the levels of blood glucose in diabetic animals. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract has shown improved levels of Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxide, lowered, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) within the pancreas, liver, and kidney of diabetic rats. Furthermore, the results are similar to groups treated with glibenclamide, a standard drug. The results of this study recommend that Ipomoea staphylina may be an excellent healing property for diabetes mellitus patients.

P. Shobana Devi1 and M. Shabana Begum*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 380–382

Ranna Chaudhary*1 and Ruby Patel2

1Department of Botany, Sheth M. N. Science, College, Patan - 384 265, Gujarat, India 2M. N. Collage, Visnagar - 384 315, Gujarat, India

Abstract

In the in-vitro multiplication of banana (Musa spp.) cv. Robusta and Grand Nain were studied. In the culturing of banana most widely used species is Grand Naine banana species. Before harvesting the sword suckers were collected and were treated with anti-fungal agent and cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented in multiplication or rooting media with 6mg BAP [Benzyl Aminopurine], 0.5mg NNA [Nepthal Acetic Acid] and 0.5 mg IAA [Indole Acetic Acid]. Observations were recorded for four sub culturing. Evaluations were done by counting the number of new shoots, leaves, roots produced at each subculture. Under in vitro conditions shoot tips coming from different rhizomes behaved differently. On the average 25 plants were produced from each shoot tip after four sub culturing. The important aspect of in-vitro propagation of banana is the potential use of this technique in developing new varieties of banana with desired traits. In-vitro propagation technique can be used as a tool in breeding for improvement of a triploid and sterile crop like banana, since more number of clonal propagated material can be obtained by this method.

Ranna Chaudhary*1 and Ruby Patel2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 24-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 383–387

Sandra Maria Mathew1, S. Jeyarajan Nelson*2, R. P. Soundararajan3 and D. Uma4

1-2Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India 3Agricultural Entomology, Horticultural College and Research Institute for Women, TNAU, Trichy - 620 027, Tamil Nadu, India 4Department of Biochemistry, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore - 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) is one of the principal causes of the loss of paddy grains in storage, which indirectly affects the food security. Paddy genotypes exhibit varying degree of susceptibility and was found by laboratory studies, using Dobie’s susceptibility index. Though significant differences were observed in susceptibility, no genotype was completely immune and highly susceptible to the infestation, but some genotypes showed moderate resistance. Qualitative analysis was done for six paddy genotypes, three each from moderately resistant and susceptible category to estimate the starch, protein, total phenol, amylose contents and amylase inhibitor activity. Moderately resistant genotype viz., CB 14528, CB 16146, TM 12202 possessed higher amount of starch (73.83 - 70.50 mg/g), phenol (0.76 - 0.60 µg/g), amylose (25.79 - 24.15%) and lower amount of protein (3.33 mg/g - 4.27 mg/g) and amylase inhibitor activity (IC 50) (28.0 - 50.18 µg/mL) compared to susceptible ones. The phytochemicals present in selected moderately resistant (CB 14528) and susceptible genotypes (AD 13299) were analyzed using TD GC-MS. The above results were analyzed to know the cause of resistance in paddy genotypes against this notorious pest.

Sandra Maria Mathew1, S. Jeyarajan Nelson*2, R. P. Soundararajan3 and D. Uma4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 12 - Issue : 1 ; 388–390

Asma*1 and Ashok Kumar2

1-2Department of Botany, C. C. S. University Campus, Meerut - 250 004, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Environmental mortification and mounting temperature are investigated to be the prime cause of the catastrophe of agriculture. Chickpea is a cool-season crop that is badly damaged by heat stress. In the present research, IR and SPAD-502 plus meters are used to evaluation of chickpea germplasm in a heat stress environment before the stress and strain symptoms were visible. Experiments performed November (normal-sown) and December (heat-sown) month of the year 2019 at the Department of Botany, Campus C. C. S. University, Meerut Uttar Pradesh. Tolerant genotypes (JG 11, JAKI 9218) which is Desi shows higher canopy temperature depression and chlorophyll content while the susceptible genotype i.e., JGK 2 which is Kabuli shown lower canopy temperature depression and chlorophyll values. Tolerant genotypes showed lower % decline values of grain yield plant−1 (5.0 and 7.0% decline) as compared to susceptible genotype which has the higher % decline value i.e., 41%. Results have concluded that chlorophyll content and leaf canopy temperature depression are sophisticated tools for the early selection of heat-tolerant chickpea genotypes.

Asma*1 and Ashok Kumar2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Feb-2021

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

An International Journal

P- ISSN: 0976-1675

E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)

Volume - 12 - January-February 2021

Influence of Residual Effect of Fly Ash, Organics, and Fertilizers on Growth Characters and Yield of Green Gram in Rice-Rice-Green Gram Sequence

Abdalla Adda*1 and M. V. Sriramachandrasekharan2

1-2Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram - 608 002, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Synthesis and Characterization of the Amide Resin (R3A2-20.7 n.H) Dowex 50×4, Dowex 50×2, Dowex M-4195 and its Performance for the Removal of Ni (II) and Cu (II) from Electroplating Waste Effluent

G. B. Dave*1

1Shri Kokilaben Karsanbhai Patel Girls Science College, Nani Kadi, District Mahesana - 382 715, Gujarat, India

Abstract

GC-MS Profiling of Palmarosa Essential Oil to Identify Bioactive Compounds and Develop Antiviral Metal Based Nano Emulsion for Chili Crop

K. H. Sodha*1, H. P. Gajera2, Vasantba J. Jadeja3 and B. A. Golakiya4

1-3Department of Microbiology, Shree M. & N. Virani Science College, Kalawad Road, Rajkot-360005, Gujarat, India 2-4Department of Biotechnology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362001, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Evaluation and Identification of Superior Bivoltine Breeds of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. during different Seasons at Jammu

Murali S*1 and Sardar Singh2

1-2Central Silk Board, Regional Sericultural Research Station, Miran Sahib, Jammu - 181 101, Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract

Studies on Heterosis and Inbreeding Depression for Yield and its Component Traits in Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

Pushpendra Singh*1, Surendra Singh1, M. K. Bhargava2, C. B. S. Jatav3 and P. S. Kushwah4

Abstract

Isolation and Identification of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae a Causative Organism for Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice

Balagangadharaswamy Shobha1, Basavaraju Sumanth2, Chowdappa Srinivas*3

1-3Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore, University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Estimation of Pesticide Residue in Surface Water and Acute Toxicity of DDT and Chlorpyrifos on Common Carp in Coffee Plantations of the Western Ghats Region, Chikkamagalur, Karnataka

Lingayya Raghavendra1,2 and Melally Giddegowda Venkatesha*1

1Insect Science Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru - 560 056, Karnataka, India 2Central Environmental Laboratory, Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, Nisaraga Bhavan, Shivanagar, Bengaluru - 560 079, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Impact of Tillage Operations, Nutrients and Weed Control on Yield Attributes and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivam L.)

Chandrabhan Singh Jatav1, B. K. Pandey2, Pushpendra Singh*3 and Prabhat K. Chaturvedi1

1Department of Agronomy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi - 284 128, Uttar Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Department of Agronomy, BNV College, Rath - 210 431, Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 3Krishi Vigyan Kendra, District Shivpuri - 473 551, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Studies on the Different Concentration of IBA on Hardwood Cuttings of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Wonderful

Gurpiar Singh1, Dilip Singh Kachwaya2 and Gurbir Singh*3

1-2Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fathegarh Sahib – 140 406, Punjab, India 3Department of Horticulture, Khalsa College, (Guru Nanak Dev University), Amritsar – 143 001, Punjab, India

Abstract

Human Resource Facets in Farmer Producer Companies in Maharashtra State

G. Jaya1, S. B. Ramya Lakshmi2 and K. C. Gummagolmath*3

1-3National Institute of Agricultural Extension (MANAGE), Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad -500030

Abstract

Migration in Remote Tribal Areas: Evidence from Bundelkhand Region of Madhya Pradesh

Jitendra Singh*1 and Neelam Kumar Singh2

1Department of Agricultural Economics, BNPG College, Rath - 210 431, Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Department of Agricultural Statistics, BNPG College, Rath - 210 431, Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Nutritional Composition of Miracle Cereal Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) and its Innovative Product Development

Pragya Dubey*1, Sunita Mishra2 and Ravi Shankar Verma3

1-2Department of Food and Nutrition, School for Home Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, A central University, Lucknow - 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India 3Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, A central University, Lucknow - 226 025, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil of Seed Extract of Angelica glauca from Uttarakhand Region (India)

Tarangini Rawat*1 and Sanjay Gupta2

1Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, SBSPGI, Balawala - 248 161, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India 2Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Ram Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun - 248 001, Uttarakhand

Abstract

Performance of Pulse and Non-pulse Crop Rotations at Small Farms Under Irrigated Conditions of Punjab

Rakesh Kumar*1, G. S. Chhina2 and N. D. Singh3

1-3Faculty of Agriculture, Khalsa College, Amritsar – 143 004, Punjab, India

Abstract

Assessment of Market Potential and Survey of Various Available Vegetable Species of Fabaceae Family in Dhubri District of Assam

Prasenjit Bhagawati*1, Rukhsar Sultana1, Manash P. Sarma2, Gunamoni Das1 and Rekha Bora3

Abstract

Response of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) to Magnesium Nutrition in Lateritic Soils of Kerala

V. P. Soniya*, P. S. Bhindhu and P. Sureshkumar

1-3Radiotracer Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, Thrissur - 680 656, Kerala, India

Abstract

Application of Nutrients through Soil and Foliar Methods on Growth and Yield of Foxtail millet (Seteria italic. L)

P. Ashoka*1 and P. Priya2

1ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Hanumanamatti - 581 115, Ranebennur (Tq), Haveri (Dist), Karnataka, India 2Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Hanumanamatti, Ranebennur, Haveri - 581 115, Karnataka

Abstract

Valuation of Water as Forest Ecosystem Service in a Sacred Grove of Garhwal Himalaya, India

Purna Jana*1, Sabyasachi Dasgupta2 and Nagendra Prasad Todaria3

1-3Department of Forestry and NR, HNB Garhwal Central University, Chauras campus, Srinagar, Garhwal - 246 174, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

Study on Abiotic Features of a Freshwater Wetland of Nadia District, West Bengal, India

Tanusree Datta*1, Ashis Kumar Panigrahi2 and Subasini Pattanaik3

1-2Ecotoxicology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kalyani University, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India 3Postgraduate Department of Zoology, Berhampur University, Bhanjabihar, Berhampur, Ganjam, Odisha, India

Abstract