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P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.50

Volume - 14 - November-December 2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1653–1660
T. M. SHRINITHA*1 and R. ARUNA2
1-2 PG and Research Department of Botany, Thiagarajar College, Madurai - 625 009, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The current study identified the ethnomedicinal plants utilised as antidotes by the people of Natham Taluk in Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India. An extensive ethnobotanical survey yielded documentation of 62 plants from 37 families and 55 genus used as antidotes and classified into seven categories. The most prominent families were Fabaceae (7%), Amaranthaceae (7%), and Acanthaceae (7%). Herbs were the most commonly utilised plant form in ethnomedicine formulations (55%). The majority of plant drugs were made from leaves (38%). The study area made extensive use of paste (44%) and oral (57%) delivery of plant-based medicines. Quantitative indices such as use value (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF), and Jaccard Index (JI) were computed. The locally important species recorded were Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw (UV= 1.45), Argemone mexicana L. (UV= 1.21), Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. (UV = 1), and Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. (UV = 1). Higher ICF scores suggest that traditional knowledge in the studied area is being shared properly. This documentation aids in the discovery of region-specific anti-venoms required for the development of novel venom neutralising medications.

T. M. SHRINITHA*1 and R. ARUNA2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1661–1669
G. SANGEETHA*1, P. MADHANRAJ2, V. AMBIKAPATHY3 and A. PANNEERSELVAM4
1 P. G. and Research Department of Microbiology, Maruthupandiyar College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Vallam - 613 403, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India 2 P. G. and Research Department of Microbiology, Maruthupandiyar College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Vallam - 613 403, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India 3-4 P.G. and Research Department of Botany, A. V. V. M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The natural products like enzymes in micro fungi from marine soil. In the current study, screening and partial purification of enzymes at marine soil fungi from Chennai and Thiruvallur district. The fungi were screened for the synthesis of amylase, protease, lipase and chitinase enzymes. The screening result showed that the isolated marine soil fungi like Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. candidus, A. awamori, A. fumigatus, Pencillium citrinum, P. longibrachiatum, P. lanosum, Pencillium sp, Fusarium sp, F. solani, Cunninghamella vitricillate, Neurospora sp and N. crassa has the ability to produce all the four enzymes. The Aspergillus niger, A. terreus and A. fumigatus were screened based on quantum of enzymes. The maximum amylase activity was observed in Aspergillus niger (3.601 IU/ml) followed by A. terreus (3.743 IU/ml) and A. fumigatus (3.905 IU/ml). The four enzymes from soil fungi showed a significant difference (P≤0.05). The fungi which is observed with maximum lipase activity has been taken for partial purification process. Among them, the lipase enzyme in A.fumigatus is preceeding with maximum purification fold (3.6) in the dialysis experiment. It was concluded that, the exceptional ability to produce extracellular proteins in the isolated soil fungi are the main source of industrial enzymes.

G. SANGEETHA*1, P. MADHANRAJ2, V. AMBIKAPATHY3 and A. PANNEERSELVAM4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1670–1676
SWADHINI SUBRAMANIAM*1 and DHANALAKSHMI JAGANATHAN2
1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan College of Arts and Science, Ellispettai, Erode - 638 116, Tamil Nadu, India 1 Department of Biochemistry, Navarasam Arts and Science College for Women, Arachalur, Erode-638101, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The objective of the current work is to employ GC-MS analysis to screen phytocompounds present in the ethanolic extract of Dichrostachys cinerea stem bark, with a focus on their potential anti-lung cancer properties, in silico. In the current work, the major phytocompounds that were identified using GC-MS analysis were utilized to conduct molecular docking studies in order to determine their impact on the target protein associated with lung cancer. The molecular docking studies were conducted using PyMoL and AutoDock docking software. The GC-MS analysis yielded a selection of two compounds that demonstrated the most promising potential against the target protein, EGFR, associated with lung cancer. The two major compounds, namely octadecanoic acid and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-(CAS)-oleic acid, demonstrated a notable level of binding affinity with the target protein associated with lung cancer. The interaction and inhibition of octadecanoic acid and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-(CAS)-oleic acid with the EGFR were confirmed with distinct amino acid residues such as asparagine (ASN-65), histidine (HIS-63 and HIS-80), glutamine (GLN-195), and arginine (ARG-203), respectively. Therefore, the findings of this investigation suggest that the phytocompounds derived from the ethanol extract of Dichrostachys cinerea stem bark possess numerous bioactive phytocompounds and therapeutic potential in the management of lung cancer.

SWADHINI SUBRAMANIAM*1 and DHANALAKSHMI JAGANATHAN2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1677–1685
K. SWETHA*1 and G. JAYACHANDRA REDDY2
1-2 Department of Geography, College of Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
This study aims to perform a comprehensive morphometric analysis of the relief aspects of the Puliyeru River Basin in Andhra Pradesh, India, utilizing remote sensing and GIS techniques. Morphometric analysis provides valuable insights into the characteristics of drainage basins, aiding in understanding their hydrological behavior, geomorphological evolution, and environmental management. Remote sensing data, including high-resolution satellite imagery, digital elevation models (DEMs), and multispectral data, were employed to extract pertinent information about the river basin. GIS tools were used for data integration, analysis, and visualization. The results of the morphometric analysis revealed the morphological characteristics of the Puliyeru River Basin. The basin exhibited dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern, indicative of a homogeneous lithology and gentle slope gradient. The stream network showed variations in stream orders, signifying the hierarchical organization of the basin's drainage system. The drainage density indicated the extent of erosion and the potential for runoff in the basin. The relief ratio provided insights into the basin's surface roughness and vulnerability to erosion processes. The morphometric analysis, when integrated with ancillary data such as land use/land cover and soil information, can support effective watershed management, flood prediction, and identification of vulnerable areas within the Puliyeru River Basin. The findings of this study will aid in sustainable development planning, water resource management, and ecological conservation efforts in the region. The utilization of remote sensing and GIS techniques for morphometric analysis has proven to be a valuable approach in characterizing the relief aspects of the Puliyeru River Basin. The results obtained provide crucial information for better understanding and managing the basin's hydrological and geomorphological processes, contributing to sustainable development and environmental protection initiatives in Andhra Pradesh, India.

K. SWETHA*1 and G. JAYACHANDRA REDDY2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1686–1691
KRIPA MARIAM MAMMEN*1 and M. G. SANALKUMAR2
1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, N. S. S. College Pandalam, Pathanamthitta - 689 501, Kerala, India
Abstract
The most productive ecosystem is found in wetlands, which also serve as a haven for aquatic life. This study lists the plankton and fish species found in the Karingali wetland, which is located in the districts of Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta in central Kerala, India. The research was carried out between June 2020 and May 2022.The sampling techniques follow the relevant literature. From this wetland, a total of 35 fish species, 22 phytoplankton species, and 25 zooplankton species have been identified. The major groups of Phytoplankton were Chlorophyceae >Bacillariophycea >Cyanophyceae, Zygnematophyceae >Euglenophyceae >Trebouxiophyceae >Xanthophyceae. A percentage analysis of the various zooplankton species reveals that rotifers were the dominating group, accounting for 41% of the zooplankton, followed by 34% of cladocerans, 21% of copepods, and 4% of rhizopoda. By percentage of composition, Cypriniformes accounted for 42%, Siluriformes 15%, Perciformes 5%, Anabantiformes 12%, Cichliformes 12%, Beloniformes 5%, and Elopiformes 1%. Synbranchiformes make up 2%, Gobiiformes 2%, Mugiliformes 3%, and Clupeiformes 1% of all fish species. The wetland is productive according the results.

KRIPA MARIAM MAMMEN*1 and M. G. SANALKUMAR2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1692–1697
K. L. PUSHPA1 and K. L. PRAKASH*2
1-2 Department of Environmental Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India
Abstract
A total of 42 groundwater samples were randomly collected from the Chikkanayakanahalli region of Tumkur district during the pre-monsoon of March 2022. The physicochemical parameters of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids, total hardness, sodium, potassium, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, nitrate, calcium, bicarbonate phosphate, magnesium, boron, and silica were analyzed as per standard methods. The analytical results of bicarbonate, total hardness, calcium and magnesium were exceeded the acceptable limit of BIS and WHO (2017) Standards, and the same standards were used for calculating the water quality index. Water quality index results were presented in water quality index map reveals that 19.04%, 38.09% and 42.85%, area respectively, fall under the poor, very poor, and unfit categories as per WQI classification for drinking purposes. The Piper diagram indicates the dominance of Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl−-SO42− hydro chemical facies in some of the samples. The higher value of the water quality index revealed that some of the study areas are highly contaminated due to excessive concentration of one or more water quality parameters, and the groundwater needs pre-treatment before consumption. This study would help to trace the major source and contamination level through which suitable planning and management of groundwater resources can be achieved.

K. L. PUSHPA1 and K. L. PRAKASH*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1698–1704
MANJU MANOHARAN*1, MAHESH S.2, BINDU R NAIR3 and LAIJA S. NAIR1
1 Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, University College (Affiliated to University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 034, Kerala, India 2 Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Christian College (Affiliated to University of Kerala), Kattakada - 695 572, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 3 Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Abstract
The primary objective of the study was to monitor the development of the haustorium during the germination of coconuts, particularly in terms of growth and morphological changes. The distal part of the embryo produced a soft, spongy mass of tissue called the haustorium during the germination of coconut seeds. Three varieties of coconut cultivars such as Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD), Malayan Green Dwarf (MGD) and West Coast Tall (WCT) were used for the study. The results revealed that the three coconut varieties under study were quite equivalent in terms of the morphological changes that took place during seed germination and seedling growth.

MANJU MANOHARAN*1, MAHESH S.2, BINDU R NAIR3 and LAIJA S. NAIR1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1705–1610
B. APPANNA1, S. SIDDI RAJU*2 and Y. SUJATHA1
1 Department of Geography, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Geology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak - 484 887, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the Rainfall characteristics, rainfall recharge, and water balance of the Hundri River basin. The basin is situated in a semi-arid climate with low precipitation and high evaporation rates. The primary geological formations in the basin are Granite and Gneisses, which constitute a hard rock terrain with varying degrees of permeability contingent on fracturing and weathering. Over a span of 30 years, monthly precipitation data from 19 stations have been collected, converted, and tabulated to derive seasonal and annual rainfall figures. The mean annual rainfall is distributed as follows: winter (5 mm), summer (68 mm), South-west monsoon (414 mm), North-east monsoon (130 mm), and annual (617 mm). The analysis of seasonal rainfall reveals that the basin experiences the highest precipitation during the south-west monsoon season. The total surface water resources available in the basin are estimated to be 2,189,116,000 m3. Groundwater recharge through rainfall was estimated using eight different empirical equations proposed by Radhakrishna, U. S. Geological Survey method, Chaturvedi, U.P. Irrigation Research Institute, Bhattacharjee, Amritsar Formula, Kumar and Seethapathi, and Krishna Rao formula. The recharge percentages calculated using these empirical equations were found to be 10, 15, 20, 29, 18, 20, 14, and 8, respectively. The mean annual recharge for the basin is calculated to be 103 mm. Furthermore, the total groundwater resources are estimated to be 365,444,000 m3, which accounts for approximately 17% of the annual rainfall.

B. APPANNA1, S. SIDDI RAJU*2 and Y. SUJATHA1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1711–1715
VENKATAKRISHNAN D.*1, MANOJKUMAR M.2, S. SRINIVASAN3 and K. SIVAKUMAR4
1-3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University), Papparapatty - 636 809, Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Sesame is the oldest Indigenous oil seed crop with longest history of cultivation in India. The Indian Agricultural Scenario become grimmer due to unabated depletion of nutrients. Soil fertility is the most limiting factor for crop production in sandy clay loam soil. The problems severely affect the productivity of sesame in this region. The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of conventional and non-conventional organic sources and industrial by-products in yield and post-harvest nutrient status. The treatments include 100% RDF as control (25:50:75 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) 100% and 75% RDF with municipal solid waste compost, poultry manure compost, bagasse ash and wood ash @ 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1. There were 9 treatments combination and design followed was RBD and replicated 3 times. Among various treatments combined applications of 75% RDF + Poultry manure @ 10 t ha-1 through soil application (T5) recorded the highest seed yield (1157.84 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (2262.5 kg ha-1). The same treatment recorded highest post-harvest soil organic carbon (3.11 kg ha-1), available N (186.41 kg ha-1), available P (19.45 kg ha-1), available K (438.72 kg ha-1), exchangeable Ca (5.35 mg kg-1), Mg (2.08 mg kg-1) and available S (9.46 mg kg-1).

VENKATAKRISHNAN D.*1, MANOJKUMAR M.2, S. SRINIVASAN3 and K. SIVAKUMAR4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1716–1720
S. VARNA*1, M. SHIVASHANKAR2 and R. RANGESHWARAN3
1 Department of Life Science, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka 2-3 ICAR- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560 024, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Fab. is the most important agricultural crop pest causing destruction to many cultivated crops of the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families, wild crops and medicinal plants. Microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal tract of the host pest play important roles in its growth, development and adaptation. The diversity of the gut microbiota revealed 10 bacteria based on their morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular characteristics. Out of ten isolates, three bacteria were sent for 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing and revealed the presence of Enterobacter bugandensis (LSBU1EV1), Stenotrophomonas sp. (LSBU2EV1) and Achromobacter xylosoxidans (LSBU4EV1).

S. VARNA*1, M. SHIVASHANKAR2 and R. RANGESHWARAN3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1721–1728
MOTLATSI E. MOROJELE*1, MOLEBOHENG P. LEKOTA2 and MANKOTSENG SHALE3
1-3 The National University of Lesotho, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, P. O. Roma. 180. Lesotho. Southern Africa
Abstract
Drought is a serious challenge confronted by wheat farmers in Lesotho which can be mitigated by an introduction of tolerant wheat genotypes. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions at the National University of Lesotho with the objectives of (1) identifying wheat genotypes tolerant to drought stress, (2) ranking wheat genotypes according to their tolerance to drought stress. Factorial Design was laid-out using Complete Randomized Design with genotypes as factor A and PGE-6000 concentrations as factor B. Each treatment within a factor was replicated thrice in the laboratory. Four concentrations of PEG 6000; 0 bars, -0.5 bars, -1.0 bars and -1.5 bars simulated severity of drought to the growing seedlings. Seedling parameters such as root length, coleoptile length, plumule length, root fresh weight, coleoptiles fresh weight, plumule fresh weight and germination percentage were measured from 0 to 14 days. Data generated were subjected to ANOVA and genotype ranking using Genstat. Results revealed significant difference (P>0.05) among the genotypes responses to drought stress, different PEG-6000 concentrations and their interactions. As the concentration of PEG-6000 was increased, coleoptile length, radical fresh weight and plumule length decreased in all genotypes. PAN 3471, PAN 3368, PAN 3623 and SST 873 were the most tolerant genotypes to drought stress.

MOTLATSI E. MOROJELE*1, MOLEBOHENG P. LEKOTA2 and MANKOTSENG SHALE3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1729–1733
SARABPRIT SINGH1, DALJIT SINGH1, AVNEESH KUMAR2, RUPESH KUMAR1, BALJINDER SINGH3 and SUKHJEET KAUR4
1 Department of Chemical Sciences, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar - 144 603, Punjab, India 2 Department of Botany, SRM University, Gangtok - 737 102, Sikkim, India 3 Department of Biochemistry, Central University Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda - 151 401, Punjab, India 4 SUS Group of Colleges, Tangori - 140 306, Punjab, India
Abstract
The quaternary nanocomposite of Ag(0)-Fe(0)/Fe3O4@GO was synthesized using a facial green technique employing Camellia sinensis leaf extract, which acts as reducing and stabilizing agent. This nanocomposite (NC) is magnetically separable. Confirmation of the presence of total phenolic content was made by UV-visible spectroscopy. The surface deposition of Ag nanoparticles over Fe3O4@GO was established by the colour change to brown. The crystalline nature of green synthesized quaternary nanocomposite (Ag(0)/Fe(0)/Fe3O4@GO) was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. This NC was also assessed for the catalytic behaviour under mild conditions for the removal of organic contaminants in water, i.e., Rhodamine B, Methylene blue and bisphenol A. The results revealed the excellent activity of bio-synthesized NCs within seconds. Outcomes also indicated the distinctive and combined influence of silver and iron nanoparticles on the immobilized support of Fe3O4@GO magnetic nanocomposite in the removal of Rhodamine B and Methylene blue. The catalyst was found more effective because of their excellent properties such as robust magnetism, easily recoverable, using an external magnet, excellent conductivity and the large surface-volume ratio. This catalyst was also found reusable and shows recyclability up to 4-5 cycles without losing its efficiency. The 70% bisphenol A removal efficiency was observed with catalyst.

SARABPRIT SINGH1, DALJIT SINGH1, AVNEESH KUMAR2, RUPESH KUMAR1, BALJINDER SINGH3 and SUKHJEET KAUR4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1734–1742
PINTU MAJHI1, SEEMARANI MEHER2, WAQAR AHMED3 and ASHUTOSH KUMAR TIWARI4
1, 3 Department of Economics, Tripura University (A Central University), Agartala - 799 022, India 2 P. G. Department of Economics, Sambalpur University, Burla - 768 019, Odisha, India 4 Department of Political Science, Tripura University (A Central University), Agartala - 799 022, India
Abstract
The study analyses the price variation of vegetables in the Agartala market in Tripura. For the analysis of the growth trend in area, production and productivity, regions of Karnataka, Maharashtra and the whole country were selected. The primary data has been used to study the price variation of vegetables. The analysis indicated that vegetables such as ginger, garlic, lady’s finger, ridge gourd, and cucumber exhibit the most significant price variation from retailers to consumers. The study also shows that the producer's share in the consumer price decreases as the number of intermediaries increases. Notably, producers receive higher absolute net returns in tomato, followed by cauliflower, cabbage, brinjal and local beans in all channels. It is worth mentioning that producers receive a higher net price by selling produce directly to consumers.

PINTU MAJHI1, SEEMARANI MEHER2, WAQAR AHMED3 and ASHUTOSH KUMAR TIWARI4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1743–1745
ASHIF K. K.1, PADMANABAN B.2 and JOSEPH ANTONY JERALD I*3
1, 3 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Research Coordiantor, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa (coq) and their incidence are reported in various plantations. In the present study, different commercial genotypes were collected from banana growing areas and screened against the Pentalonia nigronervosa Coq. (banana aphid) to identify the source of resistance to this pest. The study has also focused on the banana aphid fecundity on different commercial accessions. Banana leaf midrib was used for screening test. Among the 15 commercial cultivars evaluated against banana aphid and based on the fecundity, it reveals that Saba, Nendran and Poovan shows high susceptibility to Aphids. Peyan, Pachaladan and Pidimonthan were found less susceptible from banana aphid colonization and fecundity. It can be concluded that these accessions may be utilized for further studies.

ASHIF K. K.1, PADMANABAN B.2 and JOSEPH ANTONY JERALD I*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1746–1750
N. S. SURESHA1, D. K. RAVISHANKAR2, L. RAJANNA3 and G. V. MATHAD4
1-2 Maharani’s Science College for Women (Autonomous), JLB Road, Mysore - 570 005, Karnataka, India 3-4 Department of Botany, Bangalore University, JB Campus, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India
Abstract
In Cassytha filiformis L. cytochrome oxidase activity was more pronounced at the tip and margin of the young haustoria while in mature haustorium, the activity is more at the vascular core. In Cuscuta reflexa, during the initial stage of haustorial penetration the enzyme activity appears only at the tip of the haustorium and very scanty, but in matured haustorium the activity is more in the region of vascular core. In the root parasite Santalum album, the enzyme activity appears to be present both in host and parasite. But in young haustorium the concentration of enzyme is very less when compared to matured haustorium. Formation of gland increases the enzyme activity and the entire gland is filled with the enzyme.

N. S. SURESHA1, D. K. RAVISHANKAR2, L. RAJANNA3 and G. V. MATHAD4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1751–1755
ZOHMINGMAWII SAILO1 and J. LONGKUMER2
1-2 Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medzohpema - 797 106, Nagaland, India
Abstract
A study was conducted to find the information source utilization by tribal women in Mizoram. For the present study 3 districts viz., Lunglei, Aizawl and Serchhip were purposively selected. A total of 300 respondents were selected based on proportionate sampling from 12 villages. Appropriate statistical tools were applied for analysis. The study revealed that among the mean score of different sources of information utilization, interpersonal cosmopolite sources ranked first, which is followed by personal localite and personal cosmopolite sources. In case of interpersonal cosmopolite sources, smart-phone is the most often used (89.00%) source of information followed by internet (65.34%). Among personal cosmopolite sources, Panchayat member is most often contacted for information source by 56.67 per cent of the respondents, which is followed by 47.34 per cent of the respondents who use progressive farmers as the source of information. Friends, relatives and neighbours also play an important role in disseminating information among women in the villages. It has also been found that for 33.00 per cent of the respondents, Mzsrlm is most often used source of information among personal cosmopolite sources. VFAs/VLWs were also contacted often by 25.67 per cent of the respondents. It is also found that majority i.e., 69.00 per cent of the respondents have medium level utilization of all information sources, which is followed by 16.67 per cent belonging to the high-level utilization category and 14.33 per cent are under low level utilization category.

ZOHMINGMAWII SAILO1 and J. LONGKUMER2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1756–1758
HARSHDEEP B. SARTAPE*1, SHAIKH JAWED AHMED2, NOMAN AZEEM KHAN3 and ASHFAQUE M. KHAN4
1-2,4 Department of Botany, Maulana Azad College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Rauza Bagh, Aurangabad - 431 001, Maharashtra, India 3 Microbial Solutions Private Limited, Hingoli - 431 513, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The appearance of red colour pigmentation in red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) is due to Betalain pigment present in it. Endophytic fungus Fusarium falciforme is reported from this plant. Extraction studies from fungus Fusarium falciforme recorded the presence of Betalain pigments. Red colour of the said plant may be due to the presence of this endophyte.

HARSHDEEP B. SARTAPE*1, SHAIKH JAWED AHMED2, NOMAN AZEEM KHAN3 and ASHFAQUE M. KHAN4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1761–1764
THANGMINLUN SINGSIT*1 and GANGA PRASAD PRASAIN2
1-3 Department of Commerce, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal East, Manipur - 795 003, India
Abstract
The study was conducted in five tribal dominated hill districts of Manipur to study the major problems encountered by agripreneurs among the tribes. A sample size of 250 tribal entrepreneurs in the field of agriculture and allied activities were selected as respondent for the study. Data were obtained through personal interview by a well-structured interview questionnaire using five-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed and tabulated using percentage. The problems considered for the study were classified as marketing, financial, raw materials, labour and infrastructural problems. The results of the study revealed that the main marketing problem encountered by agripreneurs is competition from other small businesses, with competition from larger enterprises being a secondary concern. With regards to finance, lack of own funds and resources is the main financial problem, followed by a shortage of capital in starting the business. High price of raw materials is the key problem of raw material, followed by its scarcity, transport, and low quality. Scarcity or non-availability of skilled labour is found to be the key labour problem while irregularity of power supply, shortage of machines and equipment and inadequate space and building are the main infrastructural problems faced by tribal agripreneurs.

THANGMINLUN SINGSIT*1 and GANGA PRASAD PRASAIN2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1765–1770
VIGNESH P1 and NETHAJI S*2
1-2 Post Graduate and Research Department of Biochemistry, Maruthupandiyar College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Thanjavur - 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Medicinal plants are considered a generous origin of antimicrobial compounds. Punica granatum commonly known as Punica granatum has developed as a medicinal plant with a possibility of anticancer activity. Un this present study investigated that the cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation analysis of ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum peel using standard protocols. The strong FRAP (32.5 µM) and DPPH (28.6%) radical scavenging activity was noted in the 300µg/ml concentration of sample. The minimum cell viability (27.29%) and maximum cell inhibition were observed in the 500μg/ml concentration of the PPE extract. The inhibitory activity for the antiangiogenic effect of PPE extract with 65.50 ± 3.5% inhibitions was observed. The DNA fragmentation assay was performed for the confirming of cell death. The present study concluded that the Punica granatum peel ethanolic extract was observed the fragmentation of DNA and thus induces significant apoptotic activity.

VIGNESH P1 and NETHAJI S*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1771–1779
SWETHA K*1, SATYANRAYANA SWAMY V1, SRINIVASULU M2, VARALAKSHMI P1 and MURALIDHARARAO D1
1 Department of Biotechnology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu - 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa - 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
The activity of soil enzymes is often employed as a marker of soil contamination. In paddy (black and alluvial) soil, responses of specific soil enzymes, amylase, invertase, cellulase, and myrosinase, were studied at different concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) of four pesticides, carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos (insecticides), and kresoxim methyl, mancozeb (fungicides), which are comparable to field treatment rates (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1). There was a significant rise in amylase, myrosinase activity at 2.5 kg ha-1, and invertase and cellulase activity at 5.0 kg ha-1 in paddy (black and alluvial) soil after a 10-day incubation period. Furthermore, when pesticide concentrations increase to between 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1, enzyme activity decreases. However, the stimulatory impact on four enzyme activities was maintained for 20 and 30 days, and the lowest enzyme activity was detected at 40-day incubation in paddy soil.

SWETHA K*1, SATYANRAYANA SWAMY V1, SRINIVASULU M2, VARALAKSHMI P1 and MURALIDHARARAO D1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1780–1784
V. GOPE NAIK1, G. RAJA RAO2, K. SWETHA3, SHINDE HANUMANT DATTATRAY4, Y. PADMINI5 and M. SRINIVASA RAO*2
1 Department of Geology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Geology, Andhra University, Waltair Junction, Visakhapatnam - 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India 3 Department of Geography, College of Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India 4 Department of Geography, Shri Padmamani Jain College, Pabal Tal, Shirur District, Pune - 412 403, Maharashtra, India 5 Department of Geosciences, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam - 532 410, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
Asbestos minerals are fibrous silicate mineral with different physical properties and chemical composition among the other silicate minerals. It is formed in the vicinity of ultrabasic intrusives by the hydrothermal alteration of rocks composed of iron and magnesium viz., peridotites, dunites, pyroxenes, or dolomites. They are classified into two groups as 1) Serpentine group and 2) Amphibole group. Serpentine group comprises of only crysotile variety of asbestos, whereas the Amphibole group consists of i) Amosite, ii) Anthophyllite, iii) Cocido lite, iv) Tremolite and v) Actinolite. The YSR district enriched with the asbestos minerals of crysotile variety. These deposits are confined to the Vempalle dolomite formation of Papaghni group of lower Cuddapah Supergroup of rocks. The source rock for the genesis of asbestos in the present study area is dolomite which is altered due to the dolerite intrusives in the form of sills in between the Vempalle formation of Papaghni group and Pulivendla formation of Chitravathi group. Asbestos is known to occur in number of localities in Kadapa, Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh, the stretch between Brahmanapalle-Lingala in Pulivendla taluka of YSR district is more important because of its of more economic potentiality of the deposit. The asbestos deposits of YSR district occur in Brahnmanapalle - Lingala over about 14 kilometers in a northwest-southeast direction. Brahmanapalle village of Pulivendla taluka is located 3 kilometer’s due west of Pulivendla town and the Lingala village lies 14 kilometers northwest of Pulivendla town. At present no mining activity is going along the Brahmanapalle-Lingala stretch due to exhaust of the mineral deposit. At the instance the asbestos deposit is at the verge of its exhaust and no mining work is going on at the entire 14 km stretch of earlier findings. Fresh exploration work is needed to be instigated to find more structures that control mineralization in this area.

V. GOPE NAIK1, G. RAJA RAO2, K. SWETHA3, SHINDE HANUMANT DATTATRAY4, Y. PADMINI5 and M. SRINIVASA RAO*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1785–1789
GAYATRI AGNI BORAH1, PUBALI BHUYAN2 and RIMEN BORDOLOI*3
1 Department of Zoology, Bahana College, Bahana, Jorhat - 785 101, Assam, India 2 Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India 3 Department of Zoology, Debraj Roy College, Golaghat - 785 621, Assam, India
Abstract
Fishing gears is the prerequisite in the study of different aspects of fishes. Present study mainly focus on the fish diversity and fishing Gears use in the wetland areas of Jorhat District, Assam. A field study was conducted to record the traditional fishing techniques used in selected area, from which it was found that there are ten different kinds of traps, nets, and hooks used for fishing. It was also observed that different synthetic nets were used instead of traditional fishing gears. From different wetland of Jorhat district, Assam different fish species and five main types of gears were reported.

GAYATRI AGNI BORAH1, PUBALI BHUYAN2 and RIMEN BORDOLOI*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1790–1796
SRINIVASA RAO M1 and KISHORE N*2
1-2 Department of Microbiology, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar - 509 001, Telangana, India
Abstract
Use of efficient PGPR isolates with ACC deaminase activity is an added advantage for mitigating adverse effects of drought. Two selected isolates, Acinetobacter pitti and Rhizobium leguminosarum was used for evaluation of drought stress alleviation in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. Results indicate that both the isolates were able to make the plant survive even under severe drought conditions (12.5% water holding capacity) as evidenced from different plant growth parameters evaluated. Photosynthetic machinery including chlorophylls, leaf’s, leaf area and relative water content (RWC) was found significantly increased in plants treated with the isolates. Antioxidants, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic were evaluated as indicators for alleviation of drought. Total proline and sugars, Ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), Guiacol peroxidase (GPOX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitrate reductase (NR), Glutathione reductase (GR) was estimated for their active involvement in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS).

SRINIVASA RAO M1 and KISHORE N*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1797–1803
RASHI SUBBA*1
1 Department of Botany, Vidyasagar College for Women, Kolkata - 700 006, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Phosphorus is a major, essential macronutrient required for plant growth and development. Most soils contain insoluble inorganic phosphates, but they are of no use to plants unless they are solubilized. Therefore, in order to maintain the amount of phosphorus available in soil for plant use, a large amount of phosphorus-based fertilizer is often added to soil, the bulk of which could also be converted to insoluble form. This makes continuous application necessary, which in turn pollutes the soil. To overcome this problem, bacterial inoculants are an important approach that increases plant production for sustainable development. Microorganisms like phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from different plants are found to solubilize the insoluble phosphates. There are different mechanisms involved to solubilize the insoluble phosphate into the soluble form and make it available to the plants, either by lowering the pH, organic acid production, the involvement of enzymes, etc. Application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria not only solubilizes the insoluble phosphates, but they are also found to increase plant growth. In this review, we have focused on the importance of phosphorus, types of PSB, mechanisms to solubilize insoluble phosphates, and the effect of PSB on plant growth.

RASHI SUBBA*1 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 24-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1804–1807
RAMBILASH MALLICK1, SHUBHADIP KAR*2 and PRABHAT GHOSH3
1-3 Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata - 700 019, West Bengal, India
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different foliar nutrients on the growth and yield of boro rice variety “Satabdi (CR 146-7027-224)” at the Agricultural Experimental Farm, University of Calcutta, Baruipur, Kolkata during the consecutive boro seasons of 2021 and 2022. The eight foliar nutrient treatments were: water spray, potassium chloride (KCl) @ 0.75%, sodium chloride (NaCl) @ 0.75%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) @ 0.75%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaHPO4) @ 0.75%, potassium nitrate (KNO3) @ 0.75%, potassium sulphate (K2SO4) @ 0.75%, NPK 10:26:26 @ 0.75% and NPK 19:19:19 @ 0.75%. These treatments were assigned in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Foliar nutrient treatments were applied twice at panicle initiation stage and grain development stage along with 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and other recommended package of practices. From the salient features of the findings, it was found that supplementary foliar application of NPK 10:26:26 at 0.75% and NPK 19:19:19 at 0.75% were significantly (P<0.05) superior to the rest of the treatments in the number of effective tillers m-2, grain filling percentage, 1000 grain weight, grain yield. Whereas the production economics were concerned the higher benefit: cost ratio (BCR) (1.66) was recorded with foliar spray of NPK 10:26:26 at 0.75% which was at par with NPK 19:19:19 at 0.75%. Only these two treatments were found cost effective compared to control plot (1.57) BCR.

RAMBILASH MALLICK1, SHUBHADIP KAR*2 and PRABHAT GHOSH3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1808–1812
KALIDOSS RAJENDRAN*1, MURUGAN THIRUMALAI1, SUREKHA SIVARAJ2, HAANIA ISHAQ3 and NAFUE MHINA MTHIAS1
1 Department of Sciences, Mathematics and Education, St. Joseph University in Tanzania 2 Genolites Lab, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Abstract
Chlorella, Nannochloropsis, Dunaliella, Schizochitrium, and Spirulina are just a few of the many genera of microalgae, which are unicellular and part of the phytoplankton family. They flourish in saltwater and are rich in fish-friendly nutrients. The main benefit of marine microalgae is that they are quickly and easily grown, harvested, and processed. One of the promising alternative feed protein supplements is spirulina. Spirulina spp. was isolated from Manyara Lake in Tanzania and cultured in a different liquid medium called Zakarrous (ZM). It has been used as a source of protein since ancient times. For ten days, pH and dry-weight biomass were measured daily in a lab setting. pH was discovered to be in the range of 9.2 to 11.4; dry weight (dw), biomass, and pH were all gradually increasing as the culture grew older, achieving 2.5 g/L. According to the findings of the current study, Arotharon hispidus, a marine fish, grew more rapidly when Spirulina spp. was isolated, with a relative gross weight increase of 70.89% as opposed to 49.73% for commercially available fish meal. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the isolate increased the weight of the fish that consumed it, and the results also imply that more testing is necessary to show the isolate's efficacy as a fish feed supplement.

KALIDOSS RAJENDRAN*1, MURUGAN THIRUMALAI1, SUREKHA SIVARAJ2, HAANIA ISHAQ3 and NAFUE MHINA MTHIAS1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1813–1820
PRAJAKTA Y. PACHORKAR*1, SUNITA H. PATIL2 and SUCHETA N. PATIL3
1-3 Department of Microbiology, K. T. H. M. College, Nashik - 422 002, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
India's most important cash crop is the pomegranate. It is one of the most demanding fruits due to its antioxidant, antiviral and antitumor activities and serves as a good source of essential vitamins and other nutrients. It is important to maintain the quality of pomegranate at a superior level. It is susceptible to many microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, etc. which degrades the quality of the fruit and results in nutritional and economic losses. Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium implicatum, Coniella granati, Aspergillus niger, Emericella variecolor, and Botrytis spp. are the main causative agents of pomegranate diseases such as Black spot disease, Alternaria internal black rot, Black spot, Blackheart, heart rot, fruit rot, grey mould rot, Wilt, Endophyte and blue mould fruit rot. The most damaging pomegranate disease is bacterial blight. To maintain fruit quality, certain measures are to be followed like adaptation to different control methods during different phases of plant growth. Nowadays, there is a high demand for green and cost-effective strategies to control diseases over chemical agents. This review mainly focuses on the causes and causative microorganisms of many pomegranate diseases and a wide range of disease prevention and control strategies for pomegranate plants.

PRAJAKTA Y. PACHORKAR*1, SUNITA H. PATIL2 and SUCHETA N. PATIL3 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 27-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1821–1827
MEHER NANDAN NIRGUNDIKAR*1, NIVEDITA AMARENDRA GHAYAL2 and NIRANJAN PURUSHOHTTAM PATIL3
1 Biodiversity Department, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 2 Botany Department, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 3 Microbiology Department, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Weeds that are purposely or unknowingly introduced to new places are referred to as invasive or alien weeds. They proceed from one geographic area to another, establish themselves, and spread over the area, endangering local phyto world and habitats. They are undesirable plants that have an impact on the crops, both in terms of quantity and quality, on the phyto diversity in that area. One such alien weed that has taken over Maval region in Pune district is Cassia uniflora which is introduced in India from central America. Over numerous field visits, it is observed that Cassia uniflora is gradually increasing in abundance and reducing both natural phyto diversity and crop diversity. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine the allelopathic potential of root, stem and leaf leachates of Cassia uniflora on commonly cultivated rice such as Indrayani in Maval (cultivated by Traditional method), and Indrayani (cultivated by SRT i.e., Saguna rice technique). Lower concentrations of aqueous leachates increased root length, shoot length, and vigour index, according to a petri plate bioassay study, but higher concentration (20%) of leachates significantly reduced seed germination as compared to other concentrations (4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and control). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannin like compounds. The 20% concentration of leaf leachate had a greater toxic effect than the root and stem leachates. This may probably because leaves contain more allelochemicals than root and stem. The rice variety Indrayani (SRT) was more susceptible than Indrayani (Traditional) to the allelopathic effect of Cassia uniflora. The results of this study could be useful in planning some constructive measures for sustainable agriculture.

MEHER NANDAN NIRGUNDIKAR*1, NIVEDITA AMARENDRA GHAYAL2 and NIRANJAN PURUSHOHTTAM PATIL3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1821–1827
MEHER NANDAN NIRGUNDIKAR*1, NIVEDITA AMARENDRA GHAYAL2 and NIRANJAN PURUSHOHTTAM PATIL3
1 Biodiversity Department, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 2 Botany Department, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 3 Microbiology Department, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Weeds that are purposely or unknowingly introduced to new places are referred to as invasive or alien weeds. They proceed from one geographic area to another, establish themselves, and spread over the area, endangering local phyto world and habitats. They are undesirable plants that have an impact on the crops, both in terms of quantity and quality, on the phyto diversity in that area. One such alien weed that has taken over Maval region in Pune district is Cassia uniflora which is introduced in India from central America. Over numerous field visits, it is observed that Cassia uniflora is gradually increasing in abundance and reducing both natural phyto diversity and crop diversity. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine the allelopathic potential of root, stem and leaf leachates of Cassia uniflora on commonly cultivated rice such as Indrayani in Maval (cultivated by Traditional method), and Indrayani (cultivated by SRT i.e., Saguna rice technique). Lower concentrations of aqueous leachates increased root length, shoot length, and vigour index, according to a petri plate bioassay study, but higher concentration (20%) of leachates significantly reduced seed germination as compared to other concentrations (4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and control). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannin like compounds. The 20% concentration of leaf leachate had a greater toxic effect than the root and stem leachates. This may probably because leaves contain more allelochemicals than root and stem. The rice variety Indrayani (SRT) was more susceptible than Indrayani (Traditional) to the allelopathic effect of Cassia uniflora. The results of this study could be useful in planning some constructive measures for sustainable agriculture.

MEHER NANDAN NIRGUNDIKAR*1, NIVEDITA AMARENDRA GHAYAL2 and NIRANJAN PURUSHOHTTAM PATIL3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1828–1831
JAYARAMAPPA K. V*1, MATHAD G. V2 and BHARGAV H. R3
1-2 Department of Botany, K. L. E College, Rajajinagar, Bangalore - 560 010, Karnataka, India 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Garden City University, Bengaluru - 560 038, Karnataka, India
Abstract
An experimental situation was created in which coffee blooming takes place. The usage of bee attractants, Bee-Q and Fruit Boost™ in the pollination of target crop was evaluated. The bee visitations on coffee flowers were made for two weeks followed by estimation of berry yield / plant. The different concentrations of Bee-Q and Fruit boost™ was evaluated to understand the honeybee visitation pattern of target crop for improving pollination efficiency. The observations indicate that, Bee-Q at 12.5 g/l and Fruit boost at 0.75 ml/l of Coffee plots attracted higher number of bee foragers than the control plots. In addition, the plots sprayed with bee attractants enhanced the berries/plant, berry weight on coffee. The present investigation suggests that the bee attractants increase marginal percentage of bee visitation, berry/plant and berry weight on coffee.

JAYARAMAPPA K. V*1, MATHAD G. V2 and BHARGAV H. R3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1832–1835
ANITHA J*1 and NETHAJI S2
1-2 PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Maruthupandiyar College, Thanjavur - 613 403, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Plants and plant-based medicaments are the basis of many of the modern pharmaceuticals we use today for our various ailments. In plants, as a result of metabolic processes, many different kinds and types of organic compounds or metabolites are produced. In the present study reported that the cytotoxicity and clonogenic survival of ethanolic leaf extracts of Boerhavia diffusa against ACHN cell line. In the present study showed the minimum cell viability (34.81±2.5%) and maximum cell inhibition (65.19±5.7%) was noted in 500 µg/ml concentrations of ethanolic extracts of B. diffusa in ACHN cell line. This tumour cells are also treated with various concentrations (125, 250 and 500 µg/ml) of ethanol extracts of B. diffusa leaf. The plate showed the significant inhibition of colony forming capability when compared to control. Of these, highest inhibition of colony survival (8.4±2.1%) was noted in the 500 μg/ml of ethanol of extracts against ACHN cell line. The colony survival was inhibited by the depending upon the concentrations. Overall, the present study concluded that the ethanolic extracts of B. diffusa has inhibited the growth of ACHN cancer cells by preventing the formation of colony and there by inducing apoptosis.

ANITHA J*1 and NETHAJI S2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1836–1838
NAUSHEEN SABA KHANAM*1
1 Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Khandari Campus, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Agra - 282 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
The present investigation highlights the concentration of skin super oxide dismutase and skin catalase in male albino rat after acute (1 day) and subacute (5 days) artificial UVB radiation. Twenty healthy male albino rats of 100 – 140 gm were selected for this investigation. Proper hygiene was maintained throughout the experiment. Albino rats were grouped into four sets and each set contained 5 male rats. Set A1 (Control) and set A2 (Control) were not exposed to artificial UVB radiation while set B1 was exposed to 0.44 J/cm2 of artificial UVB radiation continuously for 10 hours for 1 day and set B2 was exposed to 0.088 J/cm2 of artificial UVB radiation continuously for 2 hours for 5 days. Results represent a significant decrease in skin super oxide dismutase and catalase concentration after acute (1 day) and subacute (5 days) of artificial UVB radiation. Study concluded that the UVB radiation causes damage to the antioxidant system leads to decrease in SOD and catalase concentration. The investigation also indicates decrease in SOD concentration in the skin of male albino rats of set B1 was more than the Set B2.

NAUSHEEN SABA KHANAM*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1839–1844
AABSHEEN SABA KHANAM*1 and VANDANA DWIVEDI2
1-2 Department of Chemistry, Agra College, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra - 282 004, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Nyctanthes arbortristis, also known as Night jasmine or Parijaat, is a most common medicinal plant in India and its neighbouring countries. In this work, Nyctanthes leaves extract was used in the green synthesized copper nanoparticles. An examination of the Nyctanthes leaves extract's phytochemistry reveals the presence of substances including steroids, flavonoids, and polyphenols, tannins, proteins and carbohydrate compound. The secondary metabolites were confirmed by specific test. Scanning electron microscopy SEM, EDX, XRD, TEM and UV-Spectra were used to analyze the biosynthesized copper nanoparticles. Against the gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, biosynthesized copper nanoparticles demonstrated antibacterial properties. The results of that study show greater value of zone inhibition was found to be 12 mm at 200 µg/mL of CuNPs concentration of Nyctanthes arbortristis. The study concluded that the Nyctanthes arbortristis plant leaves extract produced copper nanoparticles that have antibacterial activity. Antibacterial sensitivity was proof against Pseudomonas bacteria. Preliminary phytochemical studies show the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, Protein, Carbohydrates, phenols and terpenoids.

AABSHEEN SABA KHANAM*1 and VANDANA DWIVEDI2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1845–1854
DEEPAN B1, PRAKASH P2, AMBIKAPATHY V*1, GOMATHI S1 and PANNEERSELVAM A1
1 Department of Botany, A. V. V. M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi - 613 503, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Indian Biotrack Research Institute, Thanjavur - 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Rice plants are in close contact with the soil through their roots. Microbes inhabited on the root surface (rhizoplane), inside the root (endosphere), and in the soil surrounding the root surface (rhizosphere) play a crucial role in plant immunity and yield. But there is very little information regarding the microbial consortia in the rhizosphere during different seasons of rice cultivation. Therefore, the objective of our study was to assess, contrast and correlate the bacterial population observed during different seasons among various places in Tiruvarur district along with their physiochemical parameters. This study revealed 21 bacterial species that belong to three major phyla, four classes, eight orders, ten families, and fifteen genera. In the Tiruvarur rice fields, bacterial genera such as Aeromonas, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella, Vibrio, and Yersinia were found. The soil physiochemical characteristics like pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese were studied during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and summer seasons in five places in the Tiruvarur rice field. Additionally, the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was also done on the obtained databases and the level of significance was seen at P<0.05. The results of the study demonstrate that a special consortium of bacteria inhabited the rice soil during different seasons which may help to improve crop yield.

DEEPAN B1, PRAKASH P2, AMBIKAPATHY V*1, GOMATHI S1 and PANNEERSELVAM A1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1855–1858
KUMARESAN M.*1, K. NADHIYA DEVI2 and M. RAJASELVAM3
1 Department of Horticulture, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai - 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India 2-3 Department of Horticulture, Adhiparasakthi Horticultural College, G. B. Nagar, Kalavai Ranipet - 632 506, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Growth and rooting performance of medicinal plants with different organic growing media was carried out in factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with five treatments and three replications. The growing media includes vermicompost, red soil, cocopeat, sand and sawdust. The medicinal plants like Medicinal Coleus and Kesavardhini plants cuttings were used in this experiment. The experiment revealed that the cuttings of Medicinal Coleus and Kesavardhini plants planted under vermicompost media showed best result in respect of vegetative and root characters like days taken for sprouting (9.23 and 7.95), number of shoots (9.84 and 5.62), shoot length (21.21 cm and 21.36 cm), number of leaves (90.21 and 28.34), leaf length (4.67 cm and 4.84 cm), leaf breadth (2.63 cm and 3.16 cm), root length (17.95 cm and 33.25 cm), number of roots (7.52 and 8.81) and chlorophyll content (26.24 mg/m2 and 33.25 mg/m2) respectively. The experiment concluded that the medicinal plants like Medicinal Coleus and Kesavardhini cuttings planted in vermicompost media give quality plants for commercial multiplication.

KUMARESAN M.*1, K. NADHIYA DEVI2 and M. RAJASELVAM3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1859–1862
RAVI G2 and JEYA R*1
1-2 Department of Agricultural Extension, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Paper and pulp industry is one of the key industrial sectors that contribute to the Indian economy. To utilize the degraded land and to ensure high returns of farmers, cultivation of pulpwood becomes essential. But to ensure quality of pulpwood, adoption of recommended cultivation practices becomes important. In this regard, the study was carried out to assess the adoption level of pulpwood tree cultivation practices among the farmers of Puduikottai and Villupuram districts of Tamil Nadu. A sample of 200 pulpwood tree growers were selected from the selected two districts. Each respondent was personally interviewed and the collected data was statistically analyzed. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the eucalyptus growers belonged to high level of adoption of eucalyptus cultivation practices. Regarding practice wise adoption, low level of adoption was found in mechanical and manual weeding (49.00 per cent). Regarding casuarina cultivation, majority of the respondents (55.00 per cent) had medium level of adoption of recommended practices. The results on practice wise adoption revealed that low level of adoption was found in the practices namely application of manures and bio-fertilizers (43.00 per cent), border planting (31.00 per cent) and mechanical and manual weeding (49.00 per cent).

RAVI G2 and JEYA R*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Dec-2023