Issues

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1653–1660

T. M. SHRINITHA*1 and R. ARUNA2

1-2 PG and Research Department of Botany, Thiagarajar College, Madurai - 625 009, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The current study identified the ethnomedicinal plants utilised as antidotes by the people of Natham Taluk in Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India. An extensive ethnobotanical survey yielded documentation of 62 plants from 37 families and 55 genus used as antidotes and classified into seven categories. The most prominent families were Fabaceae (7%), Amaranthaceae (7%), and Acanthaceae (7%). Herbs were the most commonly utilised plant form in ethnomedicine formulations (55%). The majority of plant drugs were made from leaves (38%). The study area made extensive use of paste (44%) and oral (57%) delivery of plant-based medicines. Quantitative indices such as use value (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF), and Jaccard Index (JI) were computed. The locally important species recorded were Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw (UV= 1.45), Argemone mexicana L. (UV= 1.21), Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. (UV = 1), and Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. (UV = 1). Higher ICF scores suggest that traditional knowledge in the studied area is being shared properly. This documentation aids in the discovery of region-specific anti-venoms required for the development of novel venom neutralising medications.

T. M. SHRINITHA*1 and R. ARUNA2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1661–1669

G. SANGEETHA*1, P. MADHANRAJ2, V. AMBIKAPATHY3 and A. PANNEERSELVAM4

1 P. G. and Research Department of Microbiology, Maruthupandiyar College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Vallam - 613 403, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India 2 P. G. and Research Department of Microbiology, Maruthupandiyar College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Vallam - 613 403, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India 3-4 P.G. and Research Department of Botany, A. V. V. M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The natural products like enzymes in micro fungi from marine soil. In the current study, screening and partial purification of enzymes at marine soil fungi from Chennai and Thiruvallur district. The fungi were screened for the synthesis of amylase, protease, lipase and chitinase enzymes. The screening result showed that the isolated marine soil fungi like Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. candidus, A. awamori, A. fumigatus, Pencillium citrinum, P. longibrachiatum, P. lanosum, Pencillium sp, Fusarium sp, F. solani, Cunninghamella vitricillate, Neurospora sp and N. crassa has the ability to produce all the four enzymes. The Aspergillus niger, A. terreus and A. fumigatus were screened based on quantum of enzymes. The maximum amylase activity was observed in Aspergillus niger (3.601 IU/ml) followed by A. terreus (3.743 IU/ml) and A. fumigatus (3.905 IU/ml). The four enzymes from soil fungi showed a significant difference (P≤0.05). The fungi which is observed with maximum lipase activity has been taken for partial purification process. Among them, the lipase enzyme in A.fumigatus is preceeding with maximum purification fold (3.6) in the dialysis experiment. It was concluded that, the exceptional ability to produce extracellular proteins in the isolated soil fungi are the main source of industrial enzymes.

G. SANGEETHA*1, P. MADHANRAJ2, V. AMBIKAPATHY3 and A. PANNEERSELVAM4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1670–1676

SWADHINI SUBRAMANIAM*1 and DHANALAKSHMI JAGANATHAN2

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan College of Arts and Science, Ellispettai, Erode - 638 116, Tamil Nadu, India 1 Department of Biochemistry, Navarasam Arts and Science College for Women, Arachalur, Erode-638101, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The objective of the current work is to employ GC-MS analysis to screen phytocompounds present in the ethanolic extract of Dichrostachys cinerea stem bark, with a focus on their potential anti-lung cancer properties, in silico. In the current work, the major phytocompounds that were identified using GC-MS analysis were utilized to conduct molecular docking studies in order to determine their impact on the target protein associated with lung cancer. The molecular docking studies were conducted using PyMoL and AutoDock docking software. The GC-MS analysis yielded a selection of two compounds that demonstrated the most promising potential against the target protein, EGFR, associated with lung cancer. The two major compounds, namely octadecanoic acid and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-(CAS)-oleic acid, demonstrated a notable level of binding affinity with the target protein associated with lung cancer. The interaction and inhibition of octadecanoic acid and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-(CAS)-oleic acid with the EGFR were confirmed with distinct amino acid residues such as asparagine (ASN-65), histidine (HIS-63 and HIS-80), glutamine (GLN-195), and arginine (ARG-203), respectively. Therefore, the findings of this investigation suggest that the phytocompounds derived from the ethanol extract of Dichrostachys cinerea stem bark possess numerous bioactive phytocompounds and therapeutic potential in the management of lung cancer.

SWADHINI SUBRAMANIAM*1 and DHANALAKSHMI JAGANATHAN2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1677–1685

K. SWETHA*1 and G. JAYACHANDRA REDDY2

1-2 Department of Geography, College of Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

This study aims to perform a comprehensive morphometric analysis of the relief aspects of the Puliyeru River Basin in Andhra Pradesh, India, utilizing remote sensing and GIS techniques. Morphometric analysis provides valuable insights into the characteristics of drainage basins, aiding in understanding their hydrological behavior, geomorphological evolution, and environmental management. Remote sensing data, including high-resolution satellite imagery, digital elevation models (DEMs), and multispectral data, were employed to extract pertinent information about the river basin. GIS tools were used for data integration, analysis, and visualization. The results of the morphometric analysis revealed the morphological characteristics of the Puliyeru River Basin. The basin exhibited dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern, indicative of a homogeneous lithology and gentle slope gradient. The stream network showed variations in stream orders, signifying the hierarchical organization of the basin's drainage system. The drainage density indicated the extent of erosion and the potential for runoff in the basin. The relief ratio provided insights into the basin's surface roughness and vulnerability to erosion processes. The morphometric analysis, when integrated with ancillary data such as land use/land cover and soil information, can support effective watershed management, flood prediction, and identification of vulnerable areas within the Puliyeru River Basin. The findings of this study will aid in sustainable development planning, water resource management, and ecological conservation efforts in the region. The utilization of remote sensing and GIS techniques for morphometric analysis has proven to be a valuable approach in characterizing the relief aspects of the Puliyeru River Basin. The results obtained provide crucial information for better understanding and managing the basin's hydrological and geomorphological processes, contributing to sustainable development and environmental protection initiatives in Andhra Pradesh, India.

K. SWETHA*1 and G. JAYACHANDRA REDDY2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1686–1691

KRIPA MARIAM MAMMEN*1 and M. G. SANALKUMAR2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, N. S. S. College Pandalam, Pathanamthitta - 689 501, Kerala, India

Abstract

The most productive ecosystem is found in wetlands, which also serve as a haven for aquatic life. This study lists the plankton and fish species found in the Karingali wetland, which is located in the districts of Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta in central Kerala, India. The research was carried out between June 2020 and May 2022.The sampling techniques follow the relevant literature. From this wetland, a total of 35 fish species, 22 phytoplankton species, and 25 zooplankton species have been identified. The major groups of Phytoplankton were Chlorophyceae >Bacillariophycea >Cyanophyceae, Zygnematophyceae >Euglenophyceae >Trebouxiophyceae >Xanthophyceae. A percentage analysis of the various zooplankton species reveals that rotifers were the dominating group, accounting for 41% of the zooplankton, followed by 34% of cladocerans, 21% of copepods, and 4% of rhizopoda. By percentage of composition, Cypriniformes accounted for 42%, Siluriformes 15%, Perciformes 5%, Anabantiformes 12%, Cichliformes 12%, Beloniformes 5%, and Elopiformes 1%. Synbranchiformes make up 2%, Gobiiformes 2%, Mugiliformes 3%, and Clupeiformes 1% of all fish species. The wetland is productive according the results.

KRIPA MARIAM MAMMEN*1 and M. G. SANALKUMAR2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1692–1697

K. L. PUSHPA1 and K. L. PRAKASH*2

1-2 Department of Environmental Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India

Abstract

A total of 42 groundwater samples were randomly collected from the Chikkanayakanahalli region of Tumkur district during the pre-monsoon of March 2022. The physicochemical parameters of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids, total hardness, sodium, potassium, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, nitrate, calcium, bicarbonate phosphate, magnesium, boron, and silica were analyzed as per standard methods. The analytical results of bicarbonate, total hardness, calcium and magnesium were exceeded the acceptable limit of BIS and WHO (2017) Standards, and the same standards were used for calculating the water quality index. Water quality index results were presented in water quality index map reveals that 19.04%, 38.09% and 42.85%, area respectively, fall under the poor, very poor, and unfit categories as per WQI classification for drinking purposes. The Piper diagram indicates the dominance of Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl−-SO42− hydro chemical facies in some of the samples. The higher value of the water quality index revealed that some of the study areas are highly contaminated due to excessive concentration of one or more water quality parameters, and the groundwater needs pre-treatment before consumption. This study would help to trace the major source and contamination level through which suitable planning and management of groundwater resources can be achieved.

K. L. PUSHPA1 and K. L. PRAKASH*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1698–1704

MANJU MANOHARAN*1, MAHESH S.2, BINDU R NAIR3 and LAIJA S. NAIR1

1 Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, University College (Affiliated to University of Kerala), Thiruvananthapuram - 695 034, Kerala, India 2 Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Christian College (Affiliated to University of Kerala), Kattakada - 695 572, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India 3 Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

Abstract

The primary objective of the study was to monitor the development of the haustorium during the germination of coconuts, particularly in terms of growth and morphological changes. The distal part of the embryo produced a soft, spongy mass of tissue called the haustorium during the germination of coconut seeds. Three varieties of coconut cultivars such as Chowghat Orange Dwarf (COD), Malayan Green Dwarf (MGD) and West Coast Tall (WCT) were used for the study. The results revealed that the three coconut varieties under study were quite equivalent in terms of the morphological changes that took place during seed germination and seedling growth.

MANJU MANOHARAN*1, MAHESH S.2, BINDU R NAIR3 and LAIJA S. NAIR1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1705–1610

B. APPANNA1, S. SIDDI RAJU*2 and Y. SUJATHA1

1 Department of Geography, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Geology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak - 484 887, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The aim of the study is to examine the Rainfall characteristics, rainfall recharge, and water balance of the Hundri River basin. The basin is situated in a semi-arid climate with low precipitation and high evaporation rates. The primary geological formations in the basin are Granite and Gneisses, which constitute a hard rock terrain with varying degrees of permeability contingent on fracturing and weathering. Over a span of 30 years, monthly precipitation data from 19 stations have been collected, converted, and tabulated to derive seasonal and annual rainfall figures. The mean annual rainfall is distributed as follows: winter (5 mm), summer (68 mm), South-west monsoon (414 mm), North-east monsoon (130 mm), and annual (617 mm). The analysis of seasonal rainfall reveals that the basin experiences the highest precipitation during the south-west monsoon season. The total surface water resources available in the basin are estimated to be 2,189,116,000 m3. Groundwater recharge through rainfall was estimated using eight different empirical equations proposed by Radhakrishna, U. S. Geological Survey method, Chaturvedi, U.P. Irrigation Research Institute, Bhattacharjee, Amritsar Formula, Kumar and Seethapathi, and Krishna Rao formula. The recharge percentages calculated using these empirical equations were found to be 10, 15, 20, 29, 18, 20, 14, and 8, respectively. The mean annual recharge for the basin is calculated to be 103 mm. Furthermore, the total groundwater resources are estimated to be 365,444,000 m3, which accounts for approximately 17% of the annual rainfall.

B. APPANNA1, S. SIDDI RAJU*2 and Y. SUJATHA1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1711–1715

VENKATAKRISHNAN D.*1, MANOJKUMAR M.2, S. SRINIVASAN3 and K. SIVAKUMAR4

1-3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University), Papparapatty - 636 809, Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Sesame is the oldest Indigenous oil seed crop with longest history of cultivation in India. The Indian Agricultural Scenario become grimmer due to unabated depletion of nutrients. Soil fertility is the most limiting factor for crop production in sandy clay loam soil. The problems severely affect the productivity of sesame in this region. The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of conventional and non-conventional organic sources and industrial by-products in yield and post-harvest nutrient status. The treatments include 100% RDF as control (25:50:75 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) 100% and 75% RDF with municipal solid waste compost, poultry manure compost, bagasse ash and wood ash @ 5 t ha-1 and 10 t ha-1. There were 9 treatments combination and design followed was RBD and replicated 3 times. Among various treatments combined applications of 75% RDF + Poultry manure @ 10 t ha-1 through soil application (T5) recorded the highest seed yield (1157.84 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (2262.5 kg ha-1). The same treatment recorded highest post-harvest soil organic carbon (3.11 kg ha-1), available N (186.41 kg ha-1), available P (19.45 kg ha-1), available K (438.72 kg ha-1), exchangeable Ca (5.35 mg kg-1), Mg (2.08 mg kg-1) and available S (9.46 mg kg-1).

VENKATAKRISHNAN D.*1, MANOJKUMAR M.2, S. SRINIVASAN3 and K. SIVAKUMAR4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1716–1720

S. VARNA*1, M. SHIVASHANKAR2 and R. RANGESHWARAN3

1 Department of Life Science, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka 2-3 ICAR- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560 024, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Fab. is the most important agricultural crop pest causing destruction to many cultivated crops of the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families, wild crops and medicinal plants. Microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal tract of the host pest play important roles in its growth, development and adaptation. The diversity of the gut microbiota revealed 10 bacteria based on their morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular characteristics. Out of ten isolates, three bacteria were sent for 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing and revealed the presence of Enterobacter bugandensis (LSBU1EV1), Stenotrophomonas sp. (LSBU2EV1) and Achromobacter xylosoxidans (LSBU4EV1).

S. VARNA*1, M. SHIVASHANKAR2 and R. RANGESHWARAN3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1721–1728

MOTLATSI E. MOROJELE*1, MOLEBOHENG P. LEKOTA2 and MANKOTSENG SHALE3

1-3 The National University of Lesotho, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, P. O. Roma. 180. Lesotho. Southern Africa

Abstract

Drought is a serious challenge confronted by wheat farmers in Lesotho which can be mitigated by an introduction of tolerant wheat genotypes. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions at the National University of Lesotho with the objectives of (1) identifying wheat genotypes tolerant to drought stress, (2) ranking wheat genotypes according to their tolerance to drought stress. Factorial Design was laid-out using Complete Randomized Design with genotypes as factor A and PGE-6000 concentrations as factor B. Each treatment within a factor was replicated thrice in the laboratory. Four concentrations of PEG 6000; 0 bars, -0.5 bars, -1.0 bars and -1.5 bars simulated severity of drought to the growing seedlings. Seedling parameters such as root length, coleoptile length, plumule length, root fresh weight, coleoptiles fresh weight, plumule fresh weight and germination percentage were measured from 0 to 14 days. Data generated were subjected to ANOVA and genotype ranking using Genstat. Results revealed significant difference (P>0.05) among the genotypes responses to drought stress, different PEG-6000 concentrations and their interactions. As the concentration of PEG-6000 was increased, coleoptile length, radical fresh weight and plumule length decreased in all genotypes. PAN 3471, PAN 3368, PAN 3623 and SST 873 were the most tolerant genotypes to drought stress.

MOTLATSI E. MOROJELE*1, MOLEBOHENG P. LEKOTA2 and MANKOTSENG SHALE3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1729–1733

SARABPRIT SINGH1, DALJIT SINGH1, AVNEESH KUMAR2, RUPESH KUMAR1, BALJINDER SINGH3 and SUKHJEET KAUR4

1 Department of Chemical Sciences, I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar - 144 603, Punjab, India 2 Department of Botany, SRM University, Gangtok - 737 102, Sikkim, India 3 Department of Biochemistry, Central University Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda - 151 401, Punjab, India 4 SUS Group of Colleges, Tangori - 140 306, Punjab, India

Abstract

The quaternary nanocomposite of Ag(0)-Fe(0)/Fe3O4@GO was synthesized using a facial green technique employing Camellia sinensis leaf extract, which acts as reducing and stabilizing agent. This nanocomposite (NC) is magnetically separable. Confirmation of the presence of total phenolic content was made by UV-visible spectroscopy. The surface deposition of Ag nanoparticles over Fe3O4@GO was established by the colour change to brown. The crystalline nature of green synthesized quaternary nanocomposite (Ag(0)/Fe(0)/Fe3O4@GO) was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. This NC was also assessed for the catalytic behaviour under mild conditions for the removal of organic contaminants in water, i.e., Rhodamine B, Methylene blue and bisphenol A. The results revealed the excellent activity of bio-synthesized NCs within seconds. Outcomes also indicated the distinctive and combined influence of silver and iron nanoparticles on the immobilized support of Fe3O4@GO magnetic nanocomposite in the removal of Rhodamine B and Methylene blue. The catalyst was found more effective because of their excellent properties such as robust magnetism, easily recoverable, using an external magnet, excellent conductivity and the large surface-volume ratio. This catalyst was also found reusable and shows recyclability up to 4-5 cycles without losing its efficiency. The 70% bisphenol A removal efficiency was observed with catalyst.

SARABPRIT SINGH1, DALJIT SINGH1, AVNEESH KUMAR2, RUPESH KUMAR1, BALJINDER SINGH3 and SUKHJEET KAUR4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1734–1742

PINTU MAJHI1, SEEMARANI MEHER2, WAQAR AHMED3 and ASHUTOSH KUMAR TIWARI4

1, 3 Department of Economics, Tripura University (A Central University), Agartala - 799 022, India 2 P. G. Department of Economics, Sambalpur University, Burla - 768 019, Odisha, India 4 Department of Political Science, Tripura University (A Central University), Agartala - 799 022, India

Abstract

The study analyses the price variation of vegetables in the Agartala market in Tripura. For the analysis of the growth trend in area, production and productivity, regions of Karnataka, Maharashtra and the whole country were selected. The primary data has been used to study the price variation of vegetables. The analysis indicated that vegetables such as ginger, garlic, lady’s finger, ridge gourd, and cucumber exhibit the most significant price variation from retailers to consumers. The study also shows that the producer's share in the consumer price decreases as the number of intermediaries increases. Notably, producers receive higher absolute net returns in tomato, followed by cauliflower, cabbage, brinjal and local beans in all channels. It is worth mentioning that producers receive a higher net price by selling produce directly to consumers.

PINTU MAJHI1, SEEMARANI MEHER2, WAQAR AHMED3 and ASHUTOSH KUMAR TIWARI4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1743–1745

ASHIF K. K.1, PADMANABAN B.2 and JOSEPH ANTONY JERALD I*3

1, 3 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Research Coordiantor, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa (coq) and their incidence are reported in various plantations. In the present study, different commercial genotypes were collected from banana growing areas and screened against the Pentalonia nigronervosa Coq. (banana aphid) to identify the source of resistance to this pest. The study has also focused on the banana aphid fecundity on different commercial accessions. Banana leaf midrib was used for screening test. Among the 15 commercial cultivars evaluated against banana aphid and based on the fecundity, it reveals that Saba, Nendran and Poovan shows high susceptibility to Aphids. Peyan, Pachaladan and Pidimonthan were found less susceptible from banana aphid colonization and fecundity. It can be concluded that these accessions may be utilized for further studies.

ASHIF K. K.1, PADMANABAN B.2 and JOSEPH ANTONY JERALD I*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1746–1750

N. S. SURESHA1, D. K. RAVISHANKAR2, L. RAJANNA3 and G. V. MATHAD4

1-2 Maharani’s Science College for Women (Autonomous), JLB Road, Mysore - 570 005, Karnataka, India 3-4 Department of Botany, Bangalore University, JB Campus, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India

Abstract

In Cassytha filiformis L. cytochrome oxidase activity was more pronounced at the tip and margin of the young haustoria while in mature haustorium, the activity is more at the vascular core. In Cuscuta reflexa, during the initial stage of haustorial penetration the enzyme activity appears only at the tip of the haustorium and very scanty, but in matured haustorium the activity is more in the region of vascular core. In the root parasite Santalum album, the enzyme activity appears to be present both in host and parasite. But in young haustorium the concentration of enzyme is very less when compared to matured haustorium. Formation of gland increases the enzyme activity and the entire gland is filled with the enzyme.

N. S. SURESHA1, D. K. RAVISHANKAR2, L. RAJANNA3 and G. V. MATHAD4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1751–1755

ZOHMINGMAWII SAILO1 and J. LONGKUMER2

1-2 Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medzohpema - 797 106, Nagaland, India

Abstract

A study was conducted to find the information source utilization by tribal women in Mizoram. For the present study 3 districts viz., Lunglei, Aizawl and Serchhip were purposively selected. A total of 300 respondents were selected based on proportionate sampling from 12 villages. Appropriate statistical tools were applied for analysis. The study revealed that among the mean score of different sources of information utilization, interpersonal cosmopolite sources ranked first, which is followed by personal localite and personal cosmopolite sources. In case of interpersonal cosmopolite sources, smart-phone is the most often used (89.00%) source of information followed by internet (65.34%). Among personal cosmopolite sources, Panchayat member is most often contacted for information source by 56.67 per cent of the respondents, which is followed by 47.34 per cent of the respondents who use progressive farmers as the source of information. Friends, relatives and neighbours also play an important role in disseminating information among women in the villages. It has also been found that for 33.00 per cent of the respondents, Mzsrlm is most often used source of information among personal cosmopolite sources. VFAs/VLWs were also contacted often by 25.67 per cent of the respondents. It is also found that majority i.e., 69.00 per cent of the respondents have medium level utilization of all information sources, which is followed by 16.67 per cent belonging to the high-level utilization category and 14.33 per cent are under low level utilization category.

ZOHMINGMAWII SAILO1 and J. LONGKUMER2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1756–1758

HARSHDEEP B. SARTAPE*1, SHAIKH JAWED AHMED2, NOMAN AZEEM KHAN3 and ASHFAQUE M. KHAN4

1-2,4 Department of Botany, Maulana Azad College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Rauza Bagh, Aurangabad - 431 001, Maharashtra, India 3 Microbial Solutions Private Limited, Hingoli - 431 513, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The appearance of red colour pigmentation in red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) is due to Betalain pigment present in it. Endophytic fungus Fusarium falciforme is reported from this plant. Extraction studies from fungus Fusarium falciforme recorded the presence of Betalain pigments. Red colour of the said plant may be due to the presence of this endophyte.

HARSHDEEP B. SARTAPE*1, SHAIKH JAWED AHMED2, NOMAN AZEEM KHAN3 and ASHFAQUE M. KHAN4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1761–1764

THANGMINLUN SINGSIT*1 and GANGA PRASAD PRASAIN2

1-3 Department of Commerce, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal East, Manipur - 795 003, India

Abstract

The study was conducted in five tribal dominated hill districts of Manipur to study the major problems encountered by agripreneurs among the tribes. A sample size of 250 tribal entrepreneurs in the field of agriculture and allied activities were selected as respondent for the study. Data were obtained through personal interview by a well-structured interview questionnaire using five-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed and tabulated using percentage. The problems considered for the study were classified as marketing, financial, raw materials, labour and infrastructural problems. The results of the study revealed that the main marketing problem encountered by agripreneurs is competition from other small businesses, with competition from larger enterprises being a secondary concern. With regards to finance, lack of own funds and resources is the main financial problem, followed by a shortage of capital in starting the business. High price of raw materials is the key problem of raw material, followed by its scarcity, transport, and low quality. Scarcity or non-availability of skilled labour is found to be the key labour problem while irregularity of power supply, shortage of machines and equipment and inadequate space and building are the main infrastructural problems faced by tribal agripreneurs.

THANGMINLUN SINGSIT*1 and GANGA PRASAD PRASAIN2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1765–1770

VIGNESH P1 and NETHAJI S*2

1-2 Post Graduate and Research Department of Biochemistry, Maruthupandiyar College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Thanjavur - 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Medicinal plants are considered a generous origin of antimicrobial compounds. Punica granatum commonly known as Punica granatum has developed as a medicinal plant with a possibility of anticancer activity. Un this present study investigated that the cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation analysis of ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum peel using standard protocols. The strong FRAP (32.5 µM) and DPPH (28.6%) radical scavenging activity was noted in the 300µg/ml concentration of sample. The minimum cell viability (27.29%) and maximum cell inhibition were observed in the 500μg/ml concentration of the PPE extract. The inhibitory activity for the antiangiogenic effect of PPE extract with 65.50 ± 3.5% inhibitions was observed. The DNA fragmentation assay was performed for the confirming of cell death. The present study concluded that the Punica granatum peel ethanolic extract was observed the fragmentation of DNA and thus induces significant apoptotic activity.

VIGNESH P1 and NETHAJI S*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1771–1779

SWETHA K*1, SATYANRAYANA SWAMY V1, SRINIVASULU M2, VARALAKSHMI P1 and MURALIDHARARAO D1

1 Department of Biotechnology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu - 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa - 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

The activity of soil enzymes is often employed as a marker of soil contamination. In paddy (black and alluvial) soil, responses of specific soil enzymes, amylase, invertase, cellulase, and myrosinase, were studied at different concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) of four pesticides, carbosulfan, chlorpyrifos (insecticides), and kresoxim methyl, mancozeb (fungicides), which are comparable to field treatment rates (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1). There was a significant rise in amylase, myrosinase activity at 2.5 kg ha-1, and invertase and cellulase activity at 5.0 kg ha-1 in paddy (black and alluvial) soil after a 10-day incubation period. Furthermore, when pesticide concentrations increase to between 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha-1, enzyme activity decreases. However, the stimulatory impact on four enzyme activities was maintained for 20 and 30 days, and the lowest enzyme activity was detected at 40-day incubation in paddy soil.

SWETHA K*1, SATYANRAYANA SWAMY V1, SRINIVASULU M2, VARALAKSHMI P1 and MURALIDHARARAO D1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1780–1784

V. GOPE NAIK1, G. RAJA RAO2, K. SWETHA3, SHINDE HANUMANT DATTATRAY4, Y. PADMINI5 and M. SRINIVASA RAO*2

1 Department of Geology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Geology, Andhra University, Waltair Junction, Visakhapatnam - 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India 3 Department of Geography, College of Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India 4 Department of Geography, Shri Padmamani Jain College, Pabal Tal, Shirur District, Pune - 412 403, Maharashtra, India 5 Department of Geosciences, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam - 532 410, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Asbestos minerals are fibrous silicate mineral with different physical properties and chemical composition among the other silicate minerals. It is formed in the vicinity of ultrabasic intrusives by the hydrothermal alteration of rocks composed of iron and magnesium viz., peridotites, dunites, pyroxenes, or dolomites. They are classified into two groups as 1) Serpentine group and 2) Amphibole group. Serpentine group comprises of only crysotile variety of asbestos, whereas the Amphibole group consists of i) Amosite, ii) Anthophyllite, iii) Cocido lite, iv) Tremolite and v) Actinolite. The YSR district enriched with the asbestos minerals of crysotile variety. These deposits are confined to the Vempalle dolomite formation of Papaghni group of lower Cuddapah Supergroup of rocks. The source rock for the genesis of asbestos in the present study area is dolomite which is altered due to the dolerite intrusives in the form of sills in between the Vempalle formation of Papaghni group and Pulivendla formation of Chitravathi group. Asbestos is known to occur in number of localities in Kadapa, Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh, the stretch between Brahmanapalle-Lingala in Pulivendla taluka of YSR district is more important because of its of more economic potentiality of the deposit. The asbestos deposits of YSR district occur in Brahnmanapalle - Lingala over about 14 kilometers in a northwest-southeast direction. Brahmanapalle village of Pulivendla taluka is located 3 kilometer’s due west of Pulivendla town and the Lingala village lies 14 kilometers northwest of Pulivendla town. At present no mining activity is going along the Brahmanapalle-Lingala stretch due to exhaust of the mineral deposit. At the instance the asbestos deposit is at the verge of its exhaust and no mining work is going on at the entire 14 km stretch of earlier findings. Fresh exploration work is needed to be instigated to find more structures that control mineralization in this area.

V. GOPE NAIK1, G. RAJA RAO2, K. SWETHA3, SHINDE HANUMANT DATTATRAY4, Y. PADMINI5 and M. SRINIVASA RAO*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1785–1789

GAYATRI AGNI BORAH1, PUBALI BHUYAN2 and RIMEN BORDOLOI*3

1 Department of Zoology, Bahana College, Bahana, Jorhat - 785 101, Assam, India 2 Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786 004, Assam, India 3 Department of Zoology, Debraj Roy College, Golaghat - 785 621, Assam, India

Abstract

Fishing gears is the prerequisite in the study of different aspects of fishes. Present study mainly focus on the fish diversity and fishing Gears use in the wetland areas of Jorhat District, Assam. A field study was conducted to record the traditional fishing techniques used in selected area, from which it was found that there are ten different kinds of traps, nets, and hooks used for fishing. It was also observed that different synthetic nets were used instead of traditional fishing gears. From different wetland of Jorhat district, Assam different fish species and five main types of gears were reported.

GAYATRI AGNI BORAH1, PUBALI BHUYAN2 and RIMEN BORDOLOI*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1790–1796

SRINIVASA RAO M1 and KISHORE N*2

1-2 Department of Microbiology, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar - 509 001, Telangana, India

Abstract

Use of efficient PGPR isolates with ACC deaminase activity is an added advantage for mitigating adverse effects of drought. Two selected isolates, Acinetobacter pitti and Rhizobium leguminosarum was used for evaluation of drought stress alleviation in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. Results indicate that both the isolates were able to make the plant survive even under severe drought conditions (12.5% water holding capacity) as evidenced from different plant growth parameters evaluated. Photosynthetic machinery including chlorophylls, leaf’s, leaf area and relative water content (RWC) was found significantly increased in plants treated with the isolates. Antioxidants, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic were evaluated as indicators for alleviation of drought. Total proline and sugars, Ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), Guiacol peroxidase (GPOX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitrate reductase (NR), Glutathione reductase (GR) was estimated for their active involvement in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS).

SRINIVASA RAO M1 and KISHORE N*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1797–1803

RASHI SUBBA*1

1 Department of Botany, Vidyasagar College for Women, Kolkata - 700 006, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Phosphorus is a major, essential macronutrient required for plant growth and development. Most soils contain insoluble inorganic phosphates, but they are of no use to plants unless they are solubilized. Therefore, in order to maintain the amount of phosphorus available in soil for plant use, a large amount of phosphorus-based fertilizer is often added to soil, the bulk of which could also be converted to insoluble form. This makes continuous application necessary, which in turn pollutes the soil. To overcome this problem, bacterial inoculants are an important approach that increases plant production for sustainable development. Microorganisms like phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from different plants are found to solubilize the insoluble phosphates. There are different mechanisms involved to solubilize the insoluble phosphate into the soluble form and make it available to the plants, either by lowering the pH, organic acid production, the involvement of enzymes, etc. Application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria not only solubilizes the insoluble phosphates, but they are also found to increase plant growth. In this review, we have focused on the importance of phosphorus, types of PSB, mechanisms to solubilize insoluble phosphates, and the effect of PSB on plant growth.

RASHI SUBBA*1 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 24-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1804–1807

RAMBILASH MALLICK1, SHUBHADIP KAR*2 and PRABHAT GHOSH3

1-3 Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata - 700 019, West Bengal, India

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different foliar nutrients on the growth and yield of boro rice variety “Satabdi (CR 146-7027-224)” at the Agricultural Experimental Farm, University of Calcutta, Baruipur, Kolkata during the consecutive boro seasons of 2021 and 2022. The eight foliar nutrient treatments were: water spray, potassium chloride (KCl) @ 0.75%, sodium chloride (NaCl) @ 0.75%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) @ 0.75%, sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaHPO4) @ 0.75%, potassium nitrate (KNO3) @ 0.75%, potassium sulphate (K2SO4) @ 0.75%, NPK 10:26:26 @ 0.75% and NPK 19:19:19 @ 0.75%. These treatments were assigned in a randomized block design with 3 replications. Foliar nutrient treatments were applied twice at panicle initiation stage and grain development stage along with 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and other recommended package of practices. From the salient features of the findings, it was found that supplementary foliar application of NPK 10:26:26 at 0.75% and NPK 19:19:19 at 0.75% were significantly (P<0.05) superior to the rest of the treatments in the number of effective tillers m-2, grain filling percentage, 1000 grain weight, grain yield. Whereas the production economics were concerned the higher benefit: cost ratio (BCR) (1.66) was recorded with foliar spray of NPK 10:26:26 at 0.75% which was at par with NPK 19:19:19 at 0.75%. Only these two treatments were found cost effective compared to control plot (1.57) BCR.

RAMBILASH MALLICK1, SHUBHADIP KAR*2 and PRABHAT GHOSH3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1808–1812

KALIDOSS RAJENDRAN*1, MURUGAN THIRUMALAI1, SUREKHA SIVARAJ2, HAANIA ISHAQ3 and NAFUE MHINA MTHIAS1

1 Department of Sciences, Mathematics and Education, St. Joseph University in Tanzania 2 Genolites Lab, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

Chlorella, Nannochloropsis, Dunaliella, Schizochitrium, and Spirulina are just a few of the many genera of microalgae, which are unicellular and part of the phytoplankton family. They flourish in saltwater and are rich in fish-friendly nutrients. The main benefit of marine microalgae is that they are quickly and easily grown, harvested, and processed. One of the promising alternative feed protein supplements is spirulina. Spirulina spp. was isolated from Manyara Lake in Tanzania and cultured in a different liquid medium called Zakarrous (ZM). It has been used as a source of protein since ancient times. For ten days, pH and dry-weight biomass were measured daily in a lab setting. pH was discovered to be in the range of 9.2 to 11.4; dry weight (dw), biomass, and pH were all gradually increasing as the culture grew older, achieving 2.5 g/L. According to the findings of the current study, Arotharon hispidus, a marine fish, grew more rapidly when Spirulina spp. was isolated, with a relative gross weight increase of 70.89% as opposed to 49.73% for commercially available fish meal. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the isolate increased the weight of the fish that consumed it, and the results also imply that more testing is necessary to show the isolate's efficacy as a fish feed supplement.

KALIDOSS RAJENDRAN*1, MURUGAN THIRUMALAI1, SUREKHA SIVARAJ2, HAANIA ISHAQ3 and NAFUE MHINA MTHIAS1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1813–1820

PRAJAKTA Y. PACHORKAR*1, SUNITA H. PATIL2 and SUCHETA N. PATIL3

1-3 Department of Microbiology, K. T. H. M. College, Nashik - 422 002, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

India's most important cash crop is the pomegranate. It is one of the most demanding fruits due to its antioxidant, antiviral and antitumor activities and serves as a good source of essential vitamins and other nutrients. It is important to maintain the quality of pomegranate at a superior level. It is susceptible to many microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, etc. which degrades the quality of the fruit and results in nutritional and economic losses. Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium implicatum, Coniella granati, Aspergillus niger, Emericella variecolor, and Botrytis spp. are the main causative agents of pomegranate diseases such as Black spot disease, Alternaria internal black rot, Black spot, Blackheart, heart rot, fruit rot, grey mould rot, Wilt, Endophyte and blue mould fruit rot. The most damaging pomegranate disease is bacterial blight. To maintain fruit quality, certain measures are to be followed like adaptation to different control methods during different phases of plant growth. Nowadays, there is a high demand for green and cost-effective strategies to control diseases over chemical agents. This review mainly focuses on the causes and causative microorganisms of many pomegranate diseases and a wide range of disease prevention and control strategies for pomegranate plants.

PRAJAKTA Y. PACHORKAR*1, SUNITA H. PATIL2 and SUCHETA N. PATIL3 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 27-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1821–1827

MEHER NANDAN NIRGUNDIKAR*1, NIVEDITA AMARENDRA GHAYAL2 and NIRANJAN PURUSHOHTTAM PATIL3

1 Biodiversity Department, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 2 Botany Department, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 3 Microbiology Department, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Weeds that are purposely or unknowingly introduced to new places are referred to as invasive or alien weeds. They proceed from one geographic area to another, establish themselves, and spread over the area, endangering local phyto world and habitats. They are undesirable plants that have an impact on the crops, both in terms of quantity and quality, on the phyto diversity in that area. One such alien weed that has taken over Maval region in Pune district is Cassia uniflora which is introduced in India from central America. Over numerous field visits, it is observed that Cassia uniflora is gradually increasing in abundance and reducing both natural phyto diversity and crop diversity. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine the allelopathic potential of root, stem and leaf leachates of Cassia uniflora on commonly cultivated rice such as Indrayani in Maval (cultivated by Traditional method), and Indrayani (cultivated by SRT i.e., Saguna rice technique). Lower concentrations of aqueous leachates increased root length, shoot length, and vigour index, according to a petri plate bioassay study, but higher concentration (20%) of leachates significantly reduced seed germination as compared to other concentrations (4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and control). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannin like compounds. The 20% concentration of leaf leachate had a greater toxic effect than the root and stem leachates. This may probably because leaves contain more allelochemicals than root and stem. The rice variety Indrayani (SRT) was more susceptible than Indrayani (Traditional) to the allelopathic effect of Cassia uniflora. The results of this study could be useful in planning some constructive measures for sustainable agriculture.

MEHER NANDAN NIRGUNDIKAR*1, NIVEDITA AMARENDRA GHAYAL2 and NIRANJAN PURUSHOHTTAM PATIL3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1821–1827

MEHER NANDAN NIRGUNDIKAR*1, NIVEDITA AMARENDRA GHAYAL2 and NIRANJAN PURUSHOHTTAM PATIL3

1 Biodiversity Department, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 2 Botany Department, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 3 Microbiology Department, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Weeds that are purposely or unknowingly introduced to new places are referred to as invasive or alien weeds. They proceed from one geographic area to another, establish themselves, and spread over the area, endangering local phyto world and habitats. They are undesirable plants that have an impact on the crops, both in terms of quantity and quality, on the phyto diversity in that area. One such alien weed that has taken over Maval region in Pune district is Cassia uniflora which is introduced in India from central America. Over numerous field visits, it is observed that Cassia uniflora is gradually increasing in abundance and reducing both natural phyto diversity and crop diversity. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine the allelopathic potential of root, stem and leaf leachates of Cassia uniflora on commonly cultivated rice such as Indrayani in Maval (cultivated by Traditional method), and Indrayani (cultivated by SRT i.e., Saguna rice technique). Lower concentrations of aqueous leachates increased root length, shoot length, and vigour index, according to a petri plate bioassay study, but higher concentration (20%) of leachates significantly reduced seed germination as compared to other concentrations (4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and control). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannin like compounds. The 20% concentration of leaf leachate had a greater toxic effect than the root and stem leachates. This may probably because leaves contain more allelochemicals than root and stem. The rice variety Indrayani (SRT) was more susceptible than Indrayani (Traditional) to the allelopathic effect of Cassia uniflora. The results of this study could be useful in planning some constructive measures for sustainable agriculture.

MEHER NANDAN NIRGUNDIKAR*1, NIVEDITA AMARENDRA GHAYAL2 and NIRANJAN PURUSHOHTTAM PATIL3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1828–1831

JAYARAMAPPA K. V*1, MATHAD G. V2 and BHARGAV H. R3

1-2 Department of Botany, K. L. E College, Rajajinagar, Bangalore - 560 010, Karnataka, India 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Garden City University, Bengaluru - 560 038, Karnataka, India

Abstract

An experimental situation was created in which coffee blooming takes place. The usage of bee attractants, Bee-Q and Fruit Boost™ in the pollination of target crop was evaluated. The bee visitations on coffee flowers were made for two weeks followed by estimation of berry yield / plant. The different concentrations of Bee-Q and Fruit boost™ was evaluated to understand the honeybee visitation pattern of target crop for improving pollination efficiency. The observations indicate that, Bee-Q at 12.5 g/l and Fruit boost at 0.75 ml/l of Coffee plots attracted higher number of bee foragers than the control plots. In addition, the plots sprayed with bee attractants enhanced the berries/plant, berry weight on coffee. The present investigation suggests that the bee attractants increase marginal percentage of bee visitation, berry/plant and berry weight on coffee.

JAYARAMAPPA K. V*1, MATHAD G. V2 and BHARGAV H. R3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1832–1835

ANITHA J*1 and NETHAJI S2

1-2 PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Maruthupandiyar College, Thanjavur - 613 403, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Plants and plant-based medicaments are the basis of many of the modern pharmaceuticals we use today for our various ailments. In plants, as a result of metabolic processes, many different kinds and types of organic compounds or metabolites are produced. In the present study reported that the cytotoxicity and clonogenic survival of ethanolic leaf extracts of Boerhavia diffusa against ACHN cell line. In the present study showed the minimum cell viability (34.81±2.5%) and maximum cell inhibition (65.19±5.7%) was noted in 500 µg/ml concentrations of ethanolic extracts of B. diffusa in ACHN cell line. This tumour cells are also treated with various concentrations (125, 250 and 500 µg/ml) of ethanol extracts of B. diffusa leaf. The plate showed the significant inhibition of colony forming capability when compared to control. Of these, highest inhibition of colony survival (8.4±2.1%) was noted in the 500 μg/ml of ethanol of extracts against ACHN cell line. The colony survival was inhibited by the depending upon the concentrations. Overall, the present study concluded that the ethanolic extracts of B. diffusa has inhibited the growth of ACHN cancer cells by preventing the formation of colony and there by inducing apoptosis.

ANITHA J*1 and NETHAJI S2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1836–1838

NAUSHEEN SABA KHANAM*1

1 Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Khandari Campus, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Agra - 282 002, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present investigation highlights the concentration of skin super oxide dismutase and skin catalase in male albino rat after acute (1 day) and subacute (5 days) artificial UVB radiation. Twenty healthy male albino rats of 100 – 140 gm were selected for this investigation. Proper hygiene was maintained throughout the experiment. Albino rats were grouped into four sets and each set contained 5 male rats. Set A1 (Control) and set A2 (Control) were not exposed to artificial UVB radiation while set B1 was exposed to 0.44 J/cm2 of artificial UVB radiation continuously for 10 hours for 1 day and set B2 was exposed to 0.088 J/cm2 of artificial UVB radiation continuously for 2 hours for 5 days. Results represent a significant decrease in skin super oxide dismutase and catalase concentration after acute (1 day) and subacute (5 days) of artificial UVB radiation. Study concluded that the UVB radiation causes damage to the antioxidant system leads to decrease in SOD and catalase concentration. The investigation also indicates decrease in SOD concentration in the skin of male albino rats of set B1 was more than the Set B2.

NAUSHEEN SABA KHANAM*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1839–1844

AABSHEEN SABA KHANAM*1 and VANDANA DWIVEDI2

1-2 Department of Chemistry, Agra College, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Agra - 282 004, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Nyctanthes arbortristis, also known as Night jasmine or Parijaat, is a most common medicinal plant in India and its neighbouring countries. In this work, Nyctanthes leaves extract was used in the green synthesized copper nanoparticles. An examination of the Nyctanthes leaves extract's phytochemistry reveals the presence of substances including steroids, flavonoids, and polyphenols, tannins, proteins and carbohydrate compound. The secondary metabolites were confirmed by specific test. Scanning electron microscopy SEM, EDX, XRD, TEM and UV-Spectra were used to analyze the biosynthesized copper nanoparticles. Against the gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, biosynthesized copper nanoparticles demonstrated antibacterial properties. The results of that study show greater value of zone inhibition was found to be 12 mm at 200 µg/mL of CuNPs concentration of Nyctanthes arbortristis. The study concluded that the Nyctanthes arbortristis plant leaves extract produced copper nanoparticles that have antibacterial activity. Antibacterial sensitivity was proof against Pseudomonas bacteria. Preliminary phytochemical studies show the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, Protein, Carbohydrates, phenols and terpenoids.

AABSHEEN SABA KHANAM*1 and VANDANA DWIVEDI2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Nov-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1845–1854

DEEPAN B1, PRAKASH P2, AMBIKAPATHY V*1, GOMATHI S1 and PANNEERSELVAM A1

1 Department of Botany, A. V. V. M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi - 613 503, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Indian Biotrack Research Institute, Thanjavur - 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Rice plants are in close contact with the soil through their roots. Microbes inhabited on the root surface (rhizoplane), inside the root (endosphere), and in the soil surrounding the root surface (rhizosphere) play a crucial role in plant immunity and yield. But there is very little information regarding the microbial consortia in the rhizosphere during different seasons of rice cultivation. Therefore, the objective of our study was to assess, contrast and correlate the bacterial population observed during different seasons among various places in Tiruvarur district along with their physiochemical parameters. This study revealed 21 bacterial species that belong to three major phyla, four classes, eight orders, ten families, and fifteen genera. In the Tiruvarur rice fields, bacterial genera such as Aeromonas, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella, Vibrio, and Yersinia were found. The soil physiochemical characteristics like pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese were studied during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and summer seasons in five places in the Tiruvarur rice field. Additionally, the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was also done on the obtained databases and the level of significance was seen at P<0.05. The results of the study demonstrate that a special consortium of bacteria inhabited the rice soil during different seasons which may help to improve crop yield.

DEEPAN B1, PRAKASH P2, AMBIKAPATHY V*1, GOMATHI S1 and PANNEERSELVAM A1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1855–1858

KUMARESAN M.*1, K. NADHIYA DEVI2 and M. RAJASELVAM3

1 Department of Horticulture, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai - 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India 2-3 Department of Horticulture, Adhiparasakthi Horticultural College, G. B. Nagar, Kalavai Ranipet - 632 506, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Growth and rooting performance of medicinal plants with different organic growing media was carried out in factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with five treatments and three replications. The growing media includes vermicompost, red soil, cocopeat, sand and sawdust. The medicinal plants like Medicinal Coleus and Kesavardhini plants cuttings were used in this experiment. The experiment revealed that the cuttings of Medicinal Coleus and Kesavardhini plants planted under vermicompost media showed best result in respect of vegetative and root characters like days taken for sprouting (9.23 and 7.95), number of shoots (9.84 and 5.62), shoot length (21.21 cm and 21.36 cm), number of leaves (90.21 and 28.34), leaf length (4.67 cm and 4.84 cm), leaf breadth (2.63 cm and 3.16 cm), root length (17.95 cm and 33.25 cm), number of roots (7.52 and 8.81) and chlorophyll content (26.24 mg/m2 and 33.25 mg/m2) respectively. The experiment concluded that the medicinal plants like Medicinal Coleus and Kesavardhini cuttings planted in vermicompost media give quality plants for commercial multiplication.

KUMARESAN M.*1, K. NADHIYA DEVI2 and M. RAJASELVAM3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1859–1862

RAVI G2 and JEYA R*1

1-2 Department of Agricultural Extension, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Paper and pulp industry is one of the key industrial sectors that contribute to the Indian economy. To utilize the degraded land and to ensure high returns of farmers, cultivation of pulpwood becomes essential. But to ensure quality of pulpwood, adoption of recommended cultivation practices becomes important. In this regard, the study was carried out to assess the adoption level of pulpwood tree cultivation practices among the farmers of Puduikottai and Villupuram districts of Tamil Nadu. A sample of 200 pulpwood tree growers were selected from the selected two districts. Each respondent was personally interviewed and the collected data was statistically analyzed. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the eucalyptus growers belonged to high level of adoption of eucalyptus cultivation practices. Regarding practice wise adoption, low level of adoption was found in mechanical and manual weeding (49.00 per cent). Regarding casuarina cultivation, majority of the respondents (55.00 per cent) had medium level of adoption of recommended practices. The results on practice wise adoption revealed that low level of adoption was found in the practices namely application of manures and bio-fertilizers (43.00 per cent), border planting (31.00 per cent) and mechanical and manual weeding (49.00 per cent).

RAVI G2 and JEYA R*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1863–1871

SUGANTHI S1 and S. KAVITHA*2

1-2 Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai - 600 008, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Endophytes encompass a diverse array of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, archea and protists inhabiting the internal tissues of host plants with a particular focus on bacteria and fungi as the extensively researched groups. These endophytes harbor plant growth promoting (PGP) characters like nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization and production of phytohormones, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide and ammonia. Of these endosymbiotic group of microorganisms, Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Fungi (PGPEF) are considered pivotal owing to their reproducibility. The effectiveness of the bioinoculants hinges on the specific criteria set for these endophytes, and it is equally crucial to rigorously assess their performance in field conditions. Adequate knowledge on phytocompounds produced by fungal endophytes and understanding their mechanism in promoting growth of the plants in which they are applied as bioinoculants is inevitable to design a formulation for sustainable agriculture. This review focusses on the comprehensive analysis of essential criteria required to select promising fungal endophytes for application at the field level. The effective utilization of endophytes can be facilitated by the amalgamation of diverse growth-enhancing attributes alongside the capacity of colonization and establishment within the host plant.

SUGANTHI S1 and S. KAVITHA*2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 06-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1872–1874

BHAGWAT W. CHAVRE*1

1 Department of Botany, G. M. D. Arts, B. W. Commerce and Science College, Sinnar, District Nashik - 422 103, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Papillionaceae one of the subfamilies of family Fabaceae include about 375 genera. In India it is represented by many important genera commonly found in hills and plains. Most of the plants are herbs and climbers and very rare tree species are found. The plant Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. is a medicinally important and the fruits are edible. Systematic and detailed Pharmacognostic studies were performed on Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. The studies include morphological and anatomical characters of leaf, stem and roots and quantitative microscopy. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the extracts was done and the results showed that alkaloids, glycoloids, carbohydrates and phenols and terpenoids were predominantly present in all the form of extracts of leaf, stem and root.

BHAGWAT W. CHAVRE*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1875–1877

SHITAL J. PATIL1, KHEMCHAND R. SURANA2 and SUNIL K. MAHAJAN3

1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir’s Pharmacy College, Panchavati, Nashik - 422 003, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shreeshakti Shakshanik Sanstha, Divine College of Pharmacy Nampur Road Satana, Nashik - 423 301, Maharashtra, India 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir’s SPH College of Pharmacy, Malegaon, Nashik - 03, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Previously quantified extract of Mentha piperita species for active phytoconstituents menthol and pulegone has been evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activity. For the research study activity on gram positive bacteria S. Aureus, gram negative bacteria E. Coli and fungal species C. albicans were studies. Qualitative and quantitative measurement of active constituents namely pulegone and menthol was previously done with modern analytical techniques. Quantified standards employed for quantification of main constituents in extract. The proposed research article is design to develop novel formulation without added synthetic preservatives. The quantified extract is prepared in series of concentration (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ppm solution in ethanol). Each concentration is applied to different bacterial and fungal species in sterilized conditions. By the use of disc diffusion method and broth micro dilution method experiments were done. The Zone of Inhibition (mm) values of extract were found in linearity range. Notably, extract of Mentha piperita shows remarkable antimicrobial and antifungal activities against the tested clinical pathogens. The results indicate that these active constituents Pulegone and Menthol of extract can be used in formulation with replacement of synthetic added preservatives.

SHITAL J. PATIL1, KHEMCHAND R. SURANA2 and SUNIL K. MAHAJAN3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1878–1882

D. SOPHIA1 and V. RAMAMURTHY*2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Biochemistry, Maruthupandiyar College, Thanjavur - 613 403, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

In the present study, biological synthesis of zinc nanoparticles was performed using hydroalcoholic extract of fenugreek. The synthesized zinc nanopariticles were investigated through the use of methods such as FTIR, UVvis, SEM, TEM, XRD. The SEM image of the prepared ZnNPs demonstrated a 3D nanostructure with an average diameter of 1.7 μm. The elemental composition of the prepared sample was analyzed by Energy-dispersive X-ray. The XRD pattern of the synthesized ZnNPs revealed various peaks at 2θ values of 31.92°, 34.42°, 36.31°, 47.52°, 56.68°, 62.93° and 67.98° which corresponded to (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103) and (112) crystal planes respectively. The average crystalline size of ZnNPs, derived from the extract of a more intense peak corresponding to the (101) plane (located at 36.31°) was estimated to be 15.41 nm using Scherrer’s formula. UV-Vis spectroscopy initially confirmed the formation of ZnNPs within a range of 300 – 600 nm. The absorption spectrum of the nanostructure of Zn showed a distinctive band at 375 nm. FTIR was recorded to identify the most important functional groups on the fenugreek extract to examine their role in the manufacture and capping of Zn 3D structure. TEM of the synthesized ZnNPs was conducted to further investigate the topography structure of the prepared nanoparticles. TEM image revealed a flower-like shape which is in good agreement with the findings of SEM. The study successfully applied a simple and eco-friendly method for synthesizing efficient multifunctional zinc nanoparticles using green synthetic approach.

D. SOPHIA1 and V. RAMAMURTHY*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1883–1887

MUDASIR AMIN SHEIKH*1 and RAYEES AFZAL MIR2

1-2 Glocal School of Agricultural Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur - 247 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Srinagar is the fastest growing city of Western Himalayas and here the municipal solid waste management is a major challenge for the local authorities. For the past many years, the government has failed to address the menace of solid waste as the city generates nearly 520 metric tons of solid waste every day and is dumped in the heart of Srinagar, at Achan, the only landfill site in Srinagar. The waste is not just dumped at the dumping site, but one can find it everywhere. The waste is directly dumped around a residential area, a government backed land filling site at Achan without being treated. With a population of more than 16 lakh, spread over an area of 227.34 sq. km on both sides of the river Jhelum, not even in a single residential area or commercial area in Srinagar has the waste generation facility; and much of the waste is deposited into water bodies like the river Jhelum, Dal Lake etc. The MSW management is carried out at ward level through unskilled and skilled persons. There is a complete lack of shift and night sweeping in the city. House to house collection of MSW is being undertaken in 25% of households through SMC and some NGO’s. 44.72% of the total waste generated is regularly collected and taken to Achan dumping site while 55.28% is dumped in adhoc dumping sites or remain unattended. Disposal of solid waste by SMC is only through land filling at Achan dumping site. The present research reveals that due to lack of funding and unscientific management in the city the existing solid waste management system is not working successfully. The inadequate infrastructures and lack of governance for waste collection, transportation and management are the foremost constrains in designing a suitable MSW management plan for the Srinagar city.

MUDASIR AMIN SHEIKH*1 and RAYEES AFZAL MIR2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1888–1891

M. SRIDHAR REDDY*1 and P. OSMAN BASHA2

1 Department of Environmental Sciences, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa - 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa - 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

The objective of this review paper is to emphasize the significance of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping and the driving concepts behind these analyses. Molecular marker and trait data analysis together has emerged as a crucial tool for biologists to analyze the genetics of complex traits. Theoretically, a QTL can refer to a single gene or a set of linked genes or an area of the genome that influences a trait. QTL mapping is a marker and trait association-based technique that can be used successfully for gene pyramiding, screening of germplasm for abiotic and biotic stresses. Often users have been deterred from understanding what the procedures adapted and understanding different approaches merits and limitations available in mapping due to the mathematical and statistical methodologies used. Different mapping populations, such as F2, back crosses, recombinant inbred lines, and double haploid lines, are crucial for trait data processing. A crucial characteristic of this kind of population is strong linkage disequilibrium at marker loci and alleles of linked loci which influencing the trait. The co-segregation of marker loci and QTL is the fundamental principle. The single marker approach (SMA), simple interval mapping (SIM), composite interval mapping (CIM), and multiple interval mapping (MIM) are methods developed for QTL mapping.

M. SRIDHAR REDDY*1 and P. OSMAN BASHA2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 11-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1892–1899

P. VIJAYALAKSHMI1 and M. M. SUDHEER MOHAMMED*2

1-2 Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathiyar University, Tamil Nadu), Coimbatore - 641 018, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Natural products have been a significant source of commercial medicines and bioactive compounds. The ethanolic crude root extracts of spermacocea pusilla and Spermacocea ocymoides were screened for secondary metabolites. It revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Triterpenoids, Saponins, and fixed oil. The ethanolic root extracts of Spermacocea spp correlation was found between DPPH, ABTS, and Phosphomolybdenum assay. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using assays that detect different antioxidants: DPPH, ABTS (transition metal ion reduction), and Phosphomolybdenum assay (reducing power and nitric oxide reduction). The antibacterial activity of root extract against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus sp., was carried out using the agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration of S. pusilla root extract was found to be (15.06±0.66) against Klebsiella pneumoniae and S. ocymoides root was found to be (15.68±0.34) against Klebsiella pneumonia. These products have been a significant source of commercial medicines and bioactive compounds. The present study revealed the significance of the root as a drug.

P. VIJAYALAKSHMI1 and M. M. SUDHEER MOHAMMED*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1900–1902

S. RANJITH RAJA RAM*1 and R. ELAKKYA2

1-2 Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The combining ability analysis of a (7x3) L x T set of a crosses in brinjal was under taken for fruit yield and its attributing characters. Ten parents, twenty-one hybrids and one standard check variety were evaluated at Plant Breeding Farm, Faculty of agriculture, Annamalai University. Combining ability analysis in brinjal genotypes indicated significant genotypic and environmental variations for all the ten characters studied. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances showed significant interactions. Genotypes Sevanthipatti brinjal (L4), Kulasai brinjal (L7), Ark keshav (L2), Arka harshita (T3) were found to be good general combiners, and the crosses L4 x T3 (Sevanthipatti brinjal x Arka harshita), L7 x T3 (Kulasai brinjal x Arka harshita) were identified as good specific combiners for fruit yield and other related traits. These hybrid combinations can be used for commercial exploitation for fruit yield in brinjal.

S. RANJITH RAJA RAM*1 and R. ELAKKYA2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1903–1909

WAQAR AHMED*1 and ASHISH NATH2

1-2 Department of Economics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar - 799 022, Tripura, India

Abstract

The role of the manufacturing sector in the growth of an economy is indispensable. Total factor productivity is generally regarded as one of the important indicators for measuring productivity the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector. India is a federation of states and the role of the manufacturing sector differs substantially among the states. This is mainly because of total factor productivity. This paper examines the manufacturing sector's performance with respect to the total factor productivity of the manufacturing sector among the major states of India using Malmquist Productive Index-based data envelopment analysis. The paper uses the data from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for the period from 1998 to 2017-18 and uses gross value added as an output whereas fixed capital and number of the person engaged are taken as input. It has been detected that on average TFP has grown by 6.1 percent during the period under consideration. The result of the Malmquist indices and its components shows that the productivity of the Indian manufacturing sector fluctuated over the years from 1998 to 2017 and the TFP growth ranged from -2.7 percent to 17.6 percent during the same period. The highest total factor productivity was noticed in the year 1999 and the change in total factor productivity due to technological change is 12.7 percent whereas 4.3 percent is due to efficiency. Similarly, the lowest TFP change (-7.9) was recorded in the year 2015 followed by (-2.7) in the year 2016. In both years, technological change (-7.6 percent in 2015 and -6.8 percent in 2016) was observed as the major factor for poor performance. The study also observed that higher the R&D expenditure of the states, higher the total factor productivity in the manufacturing sector of the states.

WAQAR AHMED*1 and ASHISH NATH2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1910–1916

AKHIL CHAUDHARY1, SRISHTI SHEKHAR2 and NISHA SHARMA*3

1-3 Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla - 171 005, Himachal Pradesh, India

Abstract

The risk of groundwater pollution by pesticides is affected by the nature and interaction of pesticides with soil, as soil is their ultimate reservoir regardless of the site of application. The current study is focused on the adsorption of glyphosate in three soils at 25 and 35 ºC. The adsorption isotherms were fitted better by Freundlich’s adsorption equation. The adsorption of glyphosate is positively correlated with organic carbon and clay content of soils. The negative magnitude of Gibbs free energy change (∆Go) and enthalpy change (ΔHo) indicate exothermic, favourable and spontaneous nature of adsorption process. To assess the environmental toxicity of glyphosate a spectrophotometric method based on the formation and measurement of colored Ni(II) dithiocarbamate complex has been proposed. The Beer’s law was valid within a concentration range of 0.4 - 7.4 µg/mL under optimized experimental conditions. The method is further validated on commercial formulations, food stuffs and water samples. The high recoveries from these samples indicate good accuracy and precision of the method. The leaching potential of glyphosate in terms of Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS) has values in the range 0.75 - 1.62, classify glyphosate as a non-leacher pesticide; thereby it does not pose potential risk to aquatic environment.

AKHIL CHAUDHARY1, SRISHTI SHEKHAR2 and NISHA SHARMA*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1917–1920

DEEPA1 and V. SENTHAMARAI SELVI*2

1 PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan college of Arts and Science, Erode - 636 116, Tamil Nadu, India 2 School of Alied Health Sciences, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Tiruchirapalli - 621 112, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Cancer treatment, particularly conventional chemotherapy, poses significant challenges due to long-term impacts and severe adverse reactions. This has led to a growing interest in natural compounds, with an emphasis on plant-derived remedies to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer treatments. The study primarily focuses on the determination of anticancer activity of Simarouba glauca against T47-D breast cancer cells by MTT assay. The results demonstrate that this extract effectively inhibits the growth of T47D cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 125µg. Moreover, the study investigates the gene expression levels of p53 and Bcl-2 in response to the plant extract by RT-PCR. Notably, Bcl-2 gene expression is significantly down regulated, while p53 gene expression is unregulated. In conclusion, this study underscores the anticancer potential of Simarouba glauca, particularly in inhibiting T47D breast cancer cells and inducing apoptosis. Further exploration of this plant's compounds for more effective and less toxic alternatives in breast cancer treatment is warranted. The study contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of Simarouba glauca and opens avenues for future research.

DEEPA1 and V. SENTHAMARAI SELVI*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1921–1927

SATYENDRA KUMAR*1, MAHENDRA KUMAR YADAV2 and JURI DAS3

1 Department of Vegetable Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur - 208 002, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Department of Agriculture, RNB Global University, Bikaner - 334 601, Rajasthan, India 3 Department of Agriculture, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad - 244 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out to estimate the heterosis of seventeen promising and diverse parents and varieties of cucumber selected on the basis of genetic variability. The selected parental namely comprised of 36 F1’s developed by crossing 17 lines for nineteen yield contributing traits during Zaid– 2018 in randomized block design with three replications. Out 36 F1s the best five crosses on the basis of desirable and significant heterobeltiosis performance and for fruit yield per plant were L7 × T2, L12 × T2, L11 × T2, L9 × T2 and L10 × T3. These crosses also showed better parent heterosis for some other traits as well. The extent of standard heterosis of five best crosses for fruit yield per plant over pooled which revealed that there was a great scope of realizing higher yield in cucumber through heterosis breeding. Crosses L12 × T2, L9 × T2, L7 × T2, and L10 × T3 were found as the top common crosses which showed significant positive and desirable standard as well better parent heterosis and high per se performance for fruit yield per plant in over pooled. Out of these top four crosses three crosses namely L12 × T2, L9 × T2 and L7 × T2 were also found significant heterosis over better as well standard parent for number of fruits per plant during pooled.

SATYENDRA KUMAR*1, MAHENDRA KUMAR YADAV2 and JURI DAS3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1928–1932

VIMALA D1 and BASHEERA JOHN M*2

1-2 Department of Zoology, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai - 600 004, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Phytochemical components of Phyllanthus niruri the finest agents, strengthen the animal's immune system, regardless of whether they are ill or in a stressed polluted environment. Phytochemical components don't have the negative side effects of chemical agents or antibiotics. In the study, three extraction solvents water, ethanol, and methanol were utilized and a comparatively higher number of phytochemical components were obtained from the ethanolic extract than from the other two solvents. Nonspecific immune response in young Catla catla fed with a diet including ethanolic extract showed an increase in hemoglobin levels and blood cells, blood cells are a key part of the non-specific immune response.

VIMALA D1 and BASHEERA JOHN M*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1933–1936

SANJAY DEY*1-2 and ASHIS KUMAR PANIGRAHI2

1 Department of Zoology, Ananda Mohan College, Kolkata - 700 009, West Bengal, India 2 Eco-toxicology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia - 741 235, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The current study was done on river Rupnarayan from September 2019 to August 2021 at four sampling stations namely, Chaulia, Kolaghat, Chitnan, and Jagatpur. The study assists in assessing the dispensation and plenty of fish demography in the river Rupnarayan. In the study, 34 ichthyospecies were recorded in river Rupnarayan during the study period. Among the 34 species, 12 species belonged to the order Siluriformes, 5 species belonged to the order Cypriniformes, 8 species belonged to the order Perciformes, 3 species belonged to Clupeiformes, 1 species belongs to Polinemiformes, 2 species belong to Synbranchiformes, 1 species belongs to order Beloniformes, 1 species belongs to order Pleuronectiformes, 1 species belongs to order Mugiliformes. The study also revealed that excessive ichthyodiversity was observed at the Jagatpur sampling station, followed by the Chaulia sampling station, the Kolaghat sampling station, and the Chitnan sampling station.

SANJAY DEY*1-2 and ASHIS KUMAR PANIGRAHI2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1937–1941

MOHAMAD RAFEEK J.1, MEERAMAIDEEN M.*2, RAJASEKAR P.3 and SANESH P. K.4

1-4 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used material due to their typical size (<100nm) and potential interaction mechanism. Even though various precautionary steps were maintained during synthesis and handling of nanoparticles, aquatic and terrestrial pollution were developed due to either intentionally or accidentally releasing of NPs. Three different concentration (120, 150 and 180ppm) of copper oxide (CuO) NPs were exposed to the adult Eudrilus eugeniae earthworm for 14 days (n=20). Gut tissues were subjected to biochemical (AST, ALT, ACP, ALP, Total protein) and enzymatic (SOD, GSH, GPx, GST, and CAT). Considerably increased exposure of CuO NPs resulted in the increased (P<0.05 and P<0.01) tissue damaging enzymes such as transaminases and phosphatases in the Gut tissues of the treated earthworms. This condition was evidenced in the reduction of decreased total protein levels in the treated worms than control. Decreased antioxidant enzyme levels were observed in the treated earthworms than control. Our study concluded that exposure of CuO NPs to the E. eugeniae resulted in the significantly varied biochemical and antioxidant enzymes in the gut tissues.

MOHAMAD RAFEEK J.1, MEERAMAIDEEN M.*2, RAJASEKAR P.3 and SANESH P. K.4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1942–1944

S. H. RATHOD*1

1 Department of Zoology, Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati - 444 602, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The study aimed to observe the effect of Zingiber officinale and Tinospora cordifolia on freshwater fish Ophocephalus striatus. The experimental diet was formulated to contain Zingiber officinale (2.5gm/100gm diet), and Tinospora cordifolia (2.5gm/100gm diet) prepared in the pellet form and fed to the experimental fishes to observe the total protein, ash content, and moisture of the freshwater fish Ophocephalus striatus for 7th, 14th 21st, 28th days. The results showed that significant increase in total protein, ash content, and moisture of the experimental group of fishes. The results of this study show that the addition of Zingiber officinale and Tinospora cordifolia to a fish diet can promote the health benefit and growth of fish.

S. H. RATHOD*1 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 15-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1945–1953

AMUDHA N*1, MAGALINGAM R2 and SELVAM K1

1 Department of Botany, Periyar University, Salem - 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Botany, Sri Moogambigai Arts and Science College (Women), (Affiliated to Periyar University, Salem), Palacode - 636 805, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The Bacopa monnieri (L.) was one of the traditional medicinal plants. These are commonly called as “Brahmi” and the Tamil vernacular name is “Neerbrahmmi”. The present study was focused on the analysis of phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activity of B. monnieri leaves. The phytochemical and antimicrobial activity was performed with different polar and non-polar solvents. Totally 13 phytochemical compounds were observed from B. monnieri extract. The following phytochemical compounds such as, alkaloids, amino acids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, phlobatannins, quinones, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids were recorded respectively. Antibacterial activity was performed against clinical bacteria like Clostridium butyricum, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae and similarly found the antifungal activity against clinical fungi such as, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. The aqueous extract of B. monnieri was showed maximum zone of inhibition against Clostridium butyricum followed by Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The benzene extract of B. monnieri was expressed maximum zone of inhibition against S. aureus followed by E. coli, S. pneumoniae and C. butyricum. According to the antifungal activity of B. monnieri aqueous extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition against Penicillium sp. followed by Aspergillus sp., A. flavus and A. niger. In the benzene extract showed maximum zone of inhibition against A. niger followed by Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and A. flavus at 100µl concentration.

AMUDHA N*1, MAGALINGAM R2 and SELVAM K1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1954–1957

S. P. NALAWADE*1 and A. M. MOMIN2

1 Department of Zoology, D. P. Bhosale College, Koregaon, Satara - 415 501, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Zoology, Dr. Patangraorao Kadam Mahavidayalay, Ramanandnagar (Burli), Sangli - 416 309, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Nutrition has a significant importance in improving the growth and development of silkworm Bombyx mori. Silk yield is mainly dependent on healthy disease-free larval growth and higher nutritive value of mulberry leaves. Previous studies showed use of synbiotics had higher economic benefits and reduced mortality in silkworm. The present investigation was carried with an objective to determine the impact of fortification of mulberry leaves with Serigrow++ (containing Spirulina, yeast extract and probiotic bacteria of Lactobacillus Spp.) at 1000 ppm on protein content, growth and commercial traits of B. mori (CSR2 × CSR4). Feeding of fortified leaves with Serigrow++ (1000 ppm) led to increase in 52.73 % protein and 49.7% larval weight over control fifth instar larvae of CSR2 × CSR4 silkworm hybrid. The enzyme activity for protease and amylase was significantly higher in III, IV and V instar in all treated samples in comparison to control samples. Highest protease and amylase activity was observed in Vth instar larva, which was 37.84% and 35.15 % increase over control respectively. Significant increase in various economic parameters like cocoon weight, pupal weight, shell weight and silk filament for treated samples over control were observed. Hence, the results of present study clearly designate the effectiveness of Serigrow++ showed better growth, rearing performance, development of silkworm larvae, quality and quantity of silk in B. mori.

S. P. NALAWADE*1 and A. M. MOMIN2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1958–1962

SUMITRA SONALIYA*1 and TALLAVAJHALA MARUTI VENKATA SURYANARAYANA2

1-2 Water Resources Engineering and Management Institute, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara - 391 410, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Changes in land use/land cover (LULC) are increasingly highly emphasized in current systems for managing water resources and monitoring changes. This article presents the changes in land use for Vadodara City using approaches from remote sensing and geographic information systems. These two Landsat satellite images of the years 1995 and 2015 were used for assessing methods. Combined classification was utilized in the pre-processing of the images from these two years. Using image categorization based on satellite images and Google Maps, five distinct land use classes—waterbody, urban settlement, natural vegetation, agricultural land and barren land —have been identified. The findings in 1995 and 2015 indicated an important shift in land use classes. In terms of percentage, built-up space increased from 35.95% in 1995 to 48.89% in 2015. Waterbodies now account for 0.52% of the overall contribution, compared to 1.62% previously. Also declining, from 11.97% to 4.81%, is the percentage share of vegetated regions. Additionally, the percentage share of barren land has declined from 17.80% to 9.88%. The agricultural land has a slight rise of its percentage share from 32.65% to 35.90%. These results indicate that the built environment and agricultural land, with the built environment having the greatest proportion of all, fully compensate for the loss of waterbody, natural vegetation and barren land. According to the present research, the population increase and associated development activities have had a major impact on the shift in land use classifications. The public, legislators, and ecological management organizations can better comprehend the region as to the quantification of land use variation in the Vadodara city region. When planning for future land uses, the Vadodara municipal authority may find the increased land use developments beneficial.

SUMITRA SONALIYA*1 and TALLAVAJHALA MARUTI VENKATA SURYANARAYANA2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1963–1967

MUHAMMED NAVAS K. A*1 and MERLIN JULIET2

1-2 Department of Economics, Madras Christian College, Chennai - 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The present study investigates the economic implications of Watershed Management in Kerala, with a particular emphasis on the perceptions of farmers on the influence on their livestock and agricultural operations. The study's analysis of the participants' perspectives shows that the community strongly supports programmes like Coconut Husk Burial and Earthen Bunds, which are in line with farmers' desires. Vermin composting and rabbit rearing, on the other hand, scored lower, indicating the need for programme modifications. The statistical research highlights the intricate interaction between perceptions and economic results by demonstrating that there is no significant correlation between perception scores and income variances. Women encounter barriers in obtaining these programmes, even though they are an essential weapon in the fight against water scarcity. Time restrictions cause participation to decline with time, but the study highlights the benefits of awareness campaigns. Middle-aged people work in agriculture; Panchayat oversee implementation; Krishibavan creates awareness. In order to promote sustainable agricultural practices for higher productivity and better livelihoods, the study highlights the relationship between program-provided loans and increased revenue and suggests tailored restoration measures.

MUHAMMED NAVAS K. A*1 and MERLIN JULIET2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1968–1971

JALPA L. KOTECHA*1 and VIJAYKUMAR R. RAM2

1-2 Department of Chemistry, Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma (KSKV) Kachchh University, Bhuj - 370 001, Gujarat, India 1 Shree M. P. Shah Arts and Science College, Surendranagar - 363 001, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Cocos nucifera L. (Coconut), mainly grown in the coastal areas all over the world is considered as tree of life because of its varied uses. Using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (SEM-EDX), the present study reveals the elemental analysis of coconut grown in the Veraval region of Gir Somnath district in Saurashtra, Gujarat. According to the findings, the Indigenous (Desi) variety produces the most fruit and has a high potassium content. Other Veraval region types include Bona and Vanfer (dwarf kinds). One of the Bona kinds studied has limited growth due to excessive levels of aluminium and iron, whilst the other has optimal amounts of the needed nutrients and hence produces nice fruit. The aluminium level in the Vanfer variety also reduces the availability of essential elements like magnesium, which has an impact on fruit growth and yield. In addition, antimony, silicon, iron, and potassium have their effects discussed.

JALPA L. KOTECHA*1 and VIJAYKUMAR R. RAM2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1972–1977

SHAHANAZ BEGUM NAZIR AHMED*1 and RAJESH KANNAN VELU2

1-2 Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Sandal (Santalum album L.) is an economically important tropical tree species, owing to extensive logging, changes in land-use patterns and poor natural regeneration, the natural sandal populations are rapidly dwindling. It is feared that such threats could easily undermine the genetic diversity of sandal populations and effective measures to prevent such loss are prerequisite. This study was measured the total phenolics contents were analyzed, the functional groups and chemical compounds using FT-IR and GC-MS. The phenolic acids in rhizosphere soil were extracted and detected by GC-MS, like 2, 4-Di-tert-butylphenol, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z), dibutyl ester, 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, Diethyl Phthalate and Phthalic acid, butyl nonyl ester were found to have different content changes. Phthalic acid, butyl nonyl ester having antifungal, antiviral and antibacterial activities. Diethyl Phthalate having auto toxicity nature, which may inhibit the growth, as well as effects of the above phenolic acids and esters on the growth of sandal. This study presents a simple untargeted metabolomics workflow for extraction and an approach to estimate microbial metabolite available in rhizosphere soils. We have developed baseline data on the levels of metabolites distributed on S. album rhizosphere soil. This study was aimed to determine the metabolites that have the strongest relationship with sandalwood. Thus, GC-MS and FTIR has the potential to impact soil science by investigating the adaptable soil metabolomes in forestry fields, knowledge of which could be used to improve sandal production.

SHAHANAZ BEGUM NAZIR AHMED*1 and RAJESH KANNAN VELU2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1978–1980

S. REVATHI*1, J. KALAIMATHI2, J. DEENA MOL3, S. KALPHANA4, S. KEERTHANA5 and R. KARTHIKA6

1-6 Department of Biochemistry, Theivanai Ammal College for Women (Autonomous), Affiliated to Annamalai University, Villupuram - 605 602, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Lozenges are medicinal sweets used to treat painful throat infections that include one or more active substances. The lozenges dissolve in the mouth to moisten and soothe the irritated throat. The primary purpose of these pharmaceutical lozenges was to prevent throat infections like strep throat, throat itching, and painful throat. This research intends to formulate lozenges by using traditional ingredients such as the Cypress vine (Ipomoea quamoclit), Mexican mint (Coleus amboinicus), Holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum), clove (Solanum aromaticum), Solanum Trilobatum (Solanum procumbens), liquorice powder (Glycyrrhiza glabra), and ginger paste (Zingiber officinale). The formulated lozenges were evaluated for taste, flavour, thickness, weight variation, pH, and characterized by FTIR analysis. The present study demonstrated that the medicated lozenge can be used as a delivery method for the treatment of sore throat and associated infections.

S. REVATHI*1, J. KALAIMATHI2, J. DEENA MOL3, S. KALPHANA4, S. KEERTHANA5 and R. KARTHIKA6 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1981–1985

S. PAVITHRAN1 and P. S. SUJATHA*2

1-2 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore - 641 018, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Histological techniques are used to produce high-quality, thin tissue slices for evaluating abnormal animal tissue modifications. Lagerstroemia speciosa ethanolic extracts from leaf, flower, and seeds are evaluated for excision wound healing properties. The objective of the study is to analyze two methods: one is an animal model, and the other is evaluating tissue progression. For histological analysis, animals can be euthanized and biopsies collected, processed, and examined for epithelial gap, granulation bed characteristics, and collagen organization. Results show increased neovascularization, re-epithelialization, and collage in all groups' wound histology, except for the control group.

S. PAVITHRAN1 and P. S. SUJATHA*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1986–1988

N. R. VANI1, R. H. PAVITHRA2 and K. NARASIMHA MURTHY3

1 Department of Economics, Government Arts College, Bangalore - 560 001, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Studies in Economics, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangotri, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India 3 Department of Mathematics, Government First Grade College Sidlaghatta, Chikkaballapur, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The study analysis complicated problem of farmers to improve earning and tackle the poverty in the Chikkaballapur District sample of 120 farmers each from the Taluk were selected for the study opinion survey was conducted and results reveal that Agriculture Income become a crucial element in the analysis of poverty in the district with the perceived shortage of income for farmers. Crop diversification gradually increased in the benefits of the sustainable development in these changing Trends and handsome human capabilities in a developing economy and also promotes better income productivity, empowering females, and employment opportunities agriculture is a major land-use driver of a Chikkkaballapur and is the primary occupation of the majority of the people in the district. However due to lack of surface irrigation facilities forming in the district is dependent on monsoons underground water to a large extent. The presence of groundwater extraction is enormous the resulting farmers shifting to crop like Ragi pulses commercial agricultural volatile Horticulture crops and crop diversification that guarantee food and income security.

N. R. VANI1, R. H. PAVITHRA2 and K. NARASIMHA MURTHY3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1989–1992

LUCY VUNGLUNPAR*1 and GANGA PRASAD PRASAIN2

1-2 Department of Commerce, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal East, Manipur - 795 003, India

Abstract

Employee engagement has become an important focus for organizations in the agriculture industry. Engaged employees are more productive, provide better customer service, and are more likely to stay with their company. This paper examines factors that influence employee engagement in the agriculture sector. Quantitative data was collected through surveys of 1150 employees at 50 agriculture companies in India. The study found that agriculture employees' engagement levels were moderately high, with a mean score of 4.7 out of 7. Key drivers of engagement included feeling valued, growth opportunities, leadership trust, and work overload. Employees who scored higher on recognition had higher engagement, while those perceiving more growth prospects had higher engagement. Leadership trust was positively correlated with engagement, as employees look to leaders to create a supportive work environment. Work overload negatively correlated with engagement, with 20% reporting high perceptions of it. The study also revealed demographic differences, with younger and newer employees having higher engagement, while mid-career and veterans showed declining engagement. Recognition was the strongest predictor of engagement, while growth opportunities and trusting leadership were also key factors. Manageable workload was important for preventing burnout and maintaining dedication, while uncontrolled overload contributes to exhaustion and cynicism.

LUCY VUNGLUNPAR*1 and GANGA PRASAD PRASAIN2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1993–1996

VIKAS GUPTA*1 and SIDDHARTH SAHU2

1-2 Division of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura, SKUAST- Kashmir - 193 201, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract

Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is the most popular mushroom variety grown and consumed all over world. In India, its production earlier was limited to the winter season, but with technology development, these are produced almost throughout the year in small, medium and large farms, adopting different levels of technology. The species being grown in most farms is the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) belonging to Class Basidiomycetes and Family Agaricaceae. The current investigation was carried out to evaluate different casing substrates for its cultivation viz. five different casing substrates in order to identify their effect on the growth and yield of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). Maximum number of buttons harvested (48) and maximum yield (1.68kg) with highest biological efficiency of 16.8% were obtained from cocopeat casing which was followed by vermicompost casing. The results revealed that the pinhead initiation was significantly fastest in cocopeat and it was delayed in FYM + soil. Yield attributing characters like stalk length, stalk diameter and pileus diameter varied form 29.4 – 31.2 mm, 15.4 – 17.2 mm and 40.6 – 44.4 mm respectively. Therefore, when considering the cost effectiveness and the high yield, best casing mixture for button mushroom was cocopeat.

VIKAS GUPTA*1 and SIDDHARTH SAHU2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 1997–2002

P. VICTORIA RANI*1 and N. VIJAYA KUMARI2

1 Department of Botany, SVSSC Government Degree College, Sullurpet - 524 121, District Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Sericulture, Sri Padmavati Mahila University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

The root knot disease is caused by microscopic, soil-born, plant parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood the most important nematode injuring mulberry plants. It is recognized as this nematode distributed in most of the mulberry fields throughout the world and has wide range of host plants. Mulberry is an economically important crop for silk industry. Damages in growth of mulberry plants caused possibly by root-knot nematodes reduce leaf quality and quantity which turn effect negatively on silk worm health and economy of silk industry. Hence the present study was performed to know the pathogenicity of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, on different mulberry growth and development parameters in pot and field conditions. The observations were recorded with the respect to number of galls/g root weight, number of egg masses/g root weight, total height of plant, total number of leaves / plants, fresh weight of leaves/plant, leaf moisture percentage, leaf moisture retention percentage (6 and 12 hours), shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root and shoot ratio. Meloidogyne incognita represents a significant threat to mulberry production because it is considered the most aggressive root-knot nematode in mulberry crops.

P. VICTORIA RANI*1 and N. VIJAYA KUMARI2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2003–2007

P. RAVI1, G. SUBRAMANIAN*1 and D. JEGADEESHKUMAR2

1 Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal - 637 002, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Chromopark Life Science, Namakkal - 637 001, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The rise of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms within clinical environments, particularly those forming biofilms and those that are ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases) producers, poses a significant threat to human health. Innovative strategies involving natural products may offer a solution to this challenge. Consequently, this research is designed to evaluate the potential antibacterial properties of the marine alga Padina pavonica against these resistant bacteria populations. A total of 7 genera of bacterial isolates were collected, and their biofilm and ESBL characterization revealed that 62.5% were biofilm producers, and 56.2% were ESBL producers. Simultaneously, Padina pavonica was collected from sea sources in Rameshwarm and subjected to solvent extraction to determine phytochemicals. Among the solvent extracts, ethanol showed predominance, and a majority of phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and terpenoids were observed in all solvent extracts. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts against the 7 genera revealed significant suppression of E. faecalis and Proteus sp. Additionally, various phytocompounds such as 9-Octadecenoic acid, Hexadecane, 1-iodo-, Tetradecanoic acid, Tridecan, 9-Eicosene, Phytol, and Gamma Elemene were observed. Overall, our study contributes to understanding the bioactive composition of marine algae, emphasizing the potential of these compounds for therapeutic applications, particularly in antimicrobial activities.

P. RAVI1, G. SUBRAMANIAN*1 and D. JEGADEESHKUMAR2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2008–2011

SANGEETHA K*1 and SENTHILKUMAR G2

1-2 Post Graduate and Research Department of Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Poondi, Thanjavur - 613 503, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Mushrooms are an excellent source of medicinal compounds. Pleurotus florida is both a medicinal and edible mushroom. Oyster mushrooms are the among the most prevalent culinary fungus. These mushrooms were high in proteins, carbs, and fibre, yet deficient in fat. These had a high mineral content as well. They are commonly used as a medicinal food because of its anticarcinogenic, anticholesterolemic, and antibacterial characteristics, as well as their preventive properties. This research delves at the anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties of the edible fungus Pleurotus florida, which is commercially grown in Trichy, Tamil Nadu. The antioxidant bioassay revealed that Pleurotus florida performed inhibitory activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS tests were used to measure total antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract inhibited activity at a concentration of 100g/mL, which was 54.28 and 67.77% with conventional L-ascorbic acid. At a dosage of 100g/mL, the mushroom extract also demonstrated considerable anti-diabetic (75 & 66%) efficacy via inhibition of -amylase and -glucosidase. These findings imply that Pleurotus florida could be investigated as a unique and potent natural antioxidant and anti-diabetic drug, as an alternative to currently available synthetic compounds. Pleurotus florida also boosts our immune system's ability to fight diseases caused by free radicals. As a result, it can be used as a dietary supplement alongside with other foods or as a medicine in and of itself.

SANGEETHA K*1 and SENTHILKUMAR G2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2012–2014

L. R. RATHOD*1 and R. N. BAVISKAR2

1 Department of Botany, Mahatma Phule A. S. C. College, Panvel - 410 206, District Raigad Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, ICLES Motilal Jhunjhunwala College, Vashi, Navi Mumbai - 400 703, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The seed is an indispensable and foundational component in every agricultural production procedure. The significance of seed, particularly premium seed, cannot be overstated, as it functions as an essential foundation upon which every other input is predicated. As soon as they attain physiological maturation, seeds of a particular crop commence decomposition. Seed degeneration may be accompanied by various physiological alterations, including reduced susceptibility to adverse climatic conditions, an increased incidence of anomalous seedlings, a prolonged average germination time, and a progressive decline in germination ability. The effects of different storage containers and durations on the seed mycoflora, seed germination, and seedling development traits of legume seeds were investigated in an experiment. The storage containers used were a tin box, wooden box, polythene bag, gunny bag, polylined gunny bag, cellulose paper, butter paper and medium cloth. The storage duration was three months. After three months, seed mycoflora, germination, and vigor index were noted on blotter paper.

L. R. RATHOD*1 and R. N. BAVISKAR2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2015–2018

MUDASIR AMIN SHEIKH1 and RAYEES AFZAL MIR2

1-2 Department of Environmental Science, Glocal School of Agricultural Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur - 247 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Solid wastes comprise all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid, discarded as useless or unwanted. Solid wastes are those organic and inorganic waste materials produced by various activities of the society, which have lost their value to the first user. Improper transport and disposal of solid waste pollutes all the vital components of the living environment (i.e., air, land and water) at local and global levels. There has been a significant increase in MSW (municipal solid waste) generation in Srinagar in the last few decades. This is largely because of rapid population growth and economic development. The Municipal Solid Waste generating sources in Srinagar are households, restaurants, street sweeping, markets and work shops, offices, Hospitals and Hotels. On average the total waste generated in Srinagar includes biodegradable waste (53.82%), recyclable waste (15.87%), inert waste (30.31%) and the moisture content (43.44%). The average composition of MSW in Srinagar city includes plastic 8.58%, polythene 11.61%, glass 2.30%, metal 0.38% and miscellaneous non-biodegradable wastes as 5.89%. Similarly, the average composition of biodegradable waste materials include paper 15.25%, cardboard 10.18%, food waste 23.83%, cloth 3.06% and miscellaneous biodegradable waste as 18.96%.

MUDASIR AMIN SHEIKH1 and RAYEES AFZAL MIR2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2019–2022

RAMESH BAVISKAR*1 and LAXMAN RATHOD2

1 Department of Botany, ICLES Motilal Jhunjhunwala College, Vashi, Navi Mumbai - 400 703, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, Mahatma Phule Arts, Science and Commerce College, Panvel - 410 206, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Blue mold of Pear caused by Penicillium expansum, causes substantial losses on stored pears worldwide. Effect of Continuous passage of the sensitive isolate Pe-10 on thiophanate methyl increased thiophanate methyl resistance. But culturing of the pathogen on thiophanate methyl alternately or in a mixture with Polyram, and Dithane Z-78, the growth was completely reduced while the Kocide and acrobat growth was not reduced compared with the first passage and passage 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th growth was decreased. The use of thiophanate methyl in a mixture with Polyram, Dithane Z-78, Kocide, and acrobat reduced the growth of resistance significantly. Dithane Z-78 appeared to be more productively than others in mixtures. In vivo, it was observed that the use of thiophanate methyl with polyram, Dithane Z-78, Kocide, and acrobat decreased disease incidence. Dithane Z-78 was most effective than other fungicides. When the thiophanate methyl was applied in combination with Polyram, Dithane Z-78, Kocide, and acrobat, there was a significant reduction in the disease resistance, indicating a decrease in the resistance in the pathogen at the 5th passage. Here, acrobat was most effective.

RAMESH BAVISKAR*1 and LAXMAN RATHOD2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2023–2027

VAVYA M. S1, BINDHU K. B2, P. S. REKHA3 and ADYA SHIBU4

1-2 Department of Botany, Carmel College (Autonomous), Mala, Thrissur - 680 732, Kerala, India 3 Department of Botany, NSS College, Nenmara - 678 508, Kerala, India 4 Department of Horticulture, Tamil Nadu Central University, Neelakudy - 610 005, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Plants are the best source for making medicines. Plants can be used to cure diseases in a variety of ways depending on their medicinal qualities, pharmacological actions, and active bio chemicals present in them. In this work, Blumea oxyodonta DC. were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity test using ethanolic crude extract of the leaves of B. oxyodonta with DLA cells and normal spleen cells. The invitro cytotoxicity analysis using ethanolic crude extract showed cytotoxic effect of B. oxyodonta. Result showed that cytotoxic activity towards normal cell with IC50 value 1512.71875 and cytotoxicity towards DLA cells which have IC50 value 263.824675. Drug concentration has been given as 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/mL. The percentage of cell death is increasing with an increase in drug concentration in in vitro cytotoxicity analysis on DLA cells. This confirms the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of Blumea oxyodonta DC. leaves.

VAVYA M. S1, BINDHU K. B2, P. S. REKHA3 and ADYA SHIBU4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2028–2036

PINTU MAJHI*1, SEEMARANI MEHER2, MD KAMRUL ISLAM3 and SAMAR DAS4

1, 4 Department of Economics, Tripura University (A Central University), Agartala - 799 022, Tripura, India 2 P. G. Department of Economics, Sambalpur University, Burla - 768 019, Odisha, India 3 Department of Economics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura (W) - 799 022, Tripura, India

Abstract

Agricultural marketing plays a pivotal role in shaping the production and productivity of the agriculture sector. An optimally functioning agricultural marketing system employs innovative marketing strategies that result in heightened agricultural productivity and output. The current study aims to assess the performance of the current agricultural marketing system and the role of intermediaries in selected districts of Odisha. Additionally, the present study also investigated the determinant of the method of agricultural product disposal, as well as the challenges and potential opportunities agricultural farmers face. The research revealed that the farmers were exploited by intermediaries and private traders, resulting in their inability to receive a fair and profitable price for their agricultural output. Farmers in Odisha faced the challenge of inadequate marketing facilities, resulting in the sale of their produce to village traders at a low price. There has been a lot of discussion in the government about the massive increase in the prices of agricultural product but the farmers share in consumer’s rupee is very less. It is a fact that higher consumer prices do not guarantee that farmers will also get higher prices. Farmers buy a lot of food. So, it's not just the consumers suffering but also the farmers. Who is responsible for these farmers?

PINTU MAJHI*1, SEEMARANI MEHER2, MD KAMRUL ISLAM3 and SAMAR DAS4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2037–2042

B. SRI SUYAMBULINGA PERUMAL*1, N. REXIN ALPHONSE2, P. SRI RENGANATHAN3 and D. VENKATESH4

1, 3 P. G. and Research Department of Chemistry, Rani Anna Government College for Women (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli - 627 012, Tamil Nadu), Tirunelveli - 627 008, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Sarah Tucker College (Autonomous), Tirunelveli - 627 007, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Department of Chemistry, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan and Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai - 600 062, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The toxic effect of fluoride in plants has been investigated to the various morphological parameters on Amaranthus dubius. The various concentrations of sodium fluoride taken such as 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 ppm were treated along with control sample. The morphological parameters such as root and stem lengths, height, seed germination, fresh weight, number of leaves and fluoride uptake were examined for 55 days of sodium fluoride treatment. The percentage of seed yield and number of leaves has been reduced to 50% with increasing concentrations of sodium fluoride. 33% of height and 15% of biomass yield have decreased with increase the concentration of NaF. The adverse effects can be caused by the transportation of fluoride from soil to plant roots and further shifted stem to organs of plant. At 50 ppm of NaF, the uptake of fluoride increased and height, number of leaves of Amaranthus Dubius noticeably decreased.

B. SRI SUYAMBULINGA PERUMAL*1, N. REXIN ALPHONSE2, P. SRI RENGANATHAN3 and D. VENKATESH4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2043–2050

BIMAL DEB NATH*1 and SUGATA DEB NATH2

1 Department of Management, North-Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, Meghalaya, India 2 Department of Management, DonBosco College, Tura - 794 002, Meghalaya, India

Abstract

The agriculture sector is struggling to increase the productivity of crops in developing and underdeveloped countries. Due to variations in crop yield determining factors such as climatic conditions, there are bottlenecks for aggregate crop production. In addition, the region or area-specific major influencing factors directly impact the production and productivity of the crops. Consequently, farmers also need relevant information regarding crop yield before sowing seeds in their fields. But typically, farmers are unaware of the challenges and opportunities in crop production. There is a need to generate relevant information to enhance crop productivity and crop yield prediction has become one of the critical factors in agriculture practices. Besides, to achieve high crop yield, information at the farmers end should be available instantaneously. This paper proposes a framework for an online crop prediction model using Python, a web-based platform so that farmers can get access to real-time information. This study initially identifies the requirement of the crop yield prediction model with the assessment of agriculture experts in Meghalaya and then establishes the relationship with structural equation modeling. Finally, the model is validated with test data. The study contributes in anticipating the crop yield under given conditions and disseminates relevant information to support farmers for optimum crop production. As a result, farmer may know how much yield is expected with their accessible resources. Further, the result of the study would be helpful to the policymakers and stakeholders towards sustainable agriculture development.

BIMAL DEB NATH*1 and SUGATA DEB NATH2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2051–2054

AJEET KUMAR*1 and SHAMBHU NATH JHA2

1 University Department of Botany, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India 2 K. S. R. College, Sarairanjan, Samastipur - 848 127, Bihar, India

Abstract

Papaya Dieback, caused by Erwinia mallotivora, is a serious disease affecting papaya cultivation. Chemical control measures often lead to environmental damage, prompting the need for sustainable biological alternatives. This study evaluates the radial growth of Erwinia mallotivora over time between two groups: a control group without treatment and a group treated with Trichoderma viride. Measurements were taken at intervals from 24 to 240 hours. The control group exhibited a steady increase in growth, reaching a maximum radial growth of 90.1 mm at 240 hours. In contrast, the treated group showed significantly slower growth, plateauing at 28.6 mm by the end of the observation period. These results suggest that Trichoderma viride effectively inhibits the growth of Erwinia mallotivora, indicating its potential as a biological control agent.

AJEET KUMAR*1 and SHAMBHU NATH JHA2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2055–2059

SHIVI SNIGDH*1 and VINAY KUMAR2

1 University Department of Psychology, L.N.M.U., Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India 2 Department of Psychology, M. K. S. College, Chandauna, Darbhanga (L.N.M.U.) - 847 303, Bihar, India

Abstract

Burnout, a chronic occupational stress syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment, is particularly prevalent in the teaching profession. With rising concerns about the psychological well-being of educators, particularly in primary education, there is an increasing need for sustainable interventions. This review explores the potential of plant-based remedies in alleviating burnout, emphasizing the medicinal properties of various botanicals such as Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Rhodiola rosea, Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi), and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi). These plants have long been recognized for their adaptogenic, neuroprotective, and mood-stabilizing properties, making them suitable for stress and cognitive dysfunction treatment. We examine the mechanisms of action underlying these effects, including modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, cortisol regulation, stress resistance, cognitive enhancement, and neurotransmitter balancing (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, and GABA). Furthermore, clinical evidence, including trials and meta-analyses, supports the efficacy of these plants in reducing burnout symptoms. This paper also discusses their integration into modern workplace wellness programs and psychotherapy, while considering challenges such as standardization and potential side effects. Lastly, future directions are outlined, emphasizing the need for longitudinal studies and the combination of herbal and conventional therapies for personalized interventions.

SHIVI SNIGDH*1 and VINAY KUMAR2 Click here to download file

Case Study | Published online : 30-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2060–2063

K. MARY RASMI1 and H. MARY HELEN2

1-2 Department of Chemistry, S. T. Hindu College (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli - 627 012, Tamil Nadu), Nagercoil - 629 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Water samples were collected from five perennial Ponds (I to V) in Kanyakumari district and analyzed for heavy metal contamination like Fe, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The results demonstrated that Cd and Pb concentrations exceeded the BIS standard limit in all ponds across all seasons, while Fe concentration exceeded the limits in Pond I and II during the post-monsoon season. In contrast, Cu and Zn concentrations remained within safe limits. The contaminated water was analyzed to remove these heavy metals via three natural absorbents (powered peels of orange, banana & lemon) at varying concentrations. Orange peel showed significant efficacy in removing Pb, while banana peel showed notable removal efficiency of Cd and Fe, rendering the water safe for consumption. This study highlights the potential of natural absorbents as eco-friendly solutions for effectively removing heavy metals, particularly in cases of low contamination, from water sources.

K. MARY RASMI1 and H. MARY HELEN2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 31-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2064–2067

NITESH*1, SUNITA DAHIYA2, JAIVIR SINGH3 and ANKIT4

1-2, 4 Department of Physics, Baba Mastnath University Asthal Bohar, Rohtak - 124 021, Haryana, India 3 Department of Physics, Janta Vidya Mandir Ganpat Rai Rasiwala College, Charkhi Dadri - 127 306, Haryana, India

Abstract

Natural radioactivity is ubiquitous on Earth, primarily originating from uranium, thorium, and potassium. Radon-222 (²²²Rn), a naturally occurring radioactive gas and a decay product of Radium-226 (²²⁶Ra), is part of the Uranium (²³⁸U) decay chain. Coal-based thermal power stations release emissions in both gaseous and particulate forms, containing radioisotopes that contribute to radiation exposure in the surrounding environment. This study presents the findings of measurements conducted twenty air samples through a sensitive tool for detecting nuclear radiation Digital Geiger Muller Counter (GQ GMC-300E Plus) to estimate natural radioactivity discharged into the atmosphere within the radial range 0-3 k.m from the Panipat Thermal Power Station as origin, located in Panipat, Haryana, with an installed capacity of approximately 1367.8 MW(e). The results for ambient gamma dose rates at the sites of study radioactivity concentration in the ranged from 0.52 Bq/m3 to 0.77 Bq/m3, which is below to the global average for airborne radioactivity according to United States Environment Protection Agency recommendations. it states that overall air of studied radial region around Panipat Thermal Power Plant is found within the safe range of radiological risk and not harmfully affecting the environment.

NITESH*1, SUNITA DAHIYA2, JAIVIR SINGH3 and ANKIT4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 31-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2068–2072

KELVIN UCHOI*1 and SUMANTA DEBBARMA2

1-2 Department of Economics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar - 799 022, Tripura, India

Abstract

The Gumti Hydel Project in Tripura, India, led to major socio-economic and environmental changes, especially for the tribal communities who were dependent on agriculture and natural resources. This study assesses the impact of the project, focusing on the loss of agricultural land and the emergence of alternative livelihood opportunities. Prior to the project, the total agricultural land was 158.809 hectares, with 42.11% dedicated to plain land cultivation and 57.89% to Jhum land. Post-project, this area decreased by 26.1%, with both plain land and Jhum land affected. The loss of agricultural land, particularly fertile farming areas, disrupted the livelihoods of displaced families, many of whom relied on agriculture for day-to-day livelihood. In response, fishing, boat transportation, and small businesses became the primary alternative livelihoods, with fishing emerging as the dominant occupation. Tourism, particularly in areas like Narikel Kunja, further boosted local economies, with small vendors thriving to cater to tourist demand. Despite these new opportunities, the displacement caused by the project has had lasting effects on food security and economic stability for local communities. This study suggests the need for inclusive development policies that balance infrastructure growth with balance livelihoods and ecological preservation, ensuring that displaced populations are adequately supported through rehabilitation and livelihood restoration strategies.

KELVIN UCHOI*1 and SUMANTA DEBBARMA2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 31-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2073–2077

SUMANTA DEBBARMA*1, KELVIN UCHOI2, MANAV KUMAR CHAKMA3 and P. C. NUNFELA DARLONG4

1-2, 4 Department of Economics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar - 799 022, Tripura, India 3 Department of Commerce, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar - 799 022, Tripura, India

Abstract

This empirical study examines the impact of social welfare schemes on the socio-economic development of Scheduled Tribes (STs) in West Tripura, Tripura. The research focuses on key welfare initiatives such as education scholarships, healthcare subsidies, housing schemes, livelihood support programs, and infrastructure development projects. Combining beneficiary perceptions with hypothesis testing, the research comprehensively evaluates these schemes' effectiveness. A ranking method was used to analyze beneficiary perceptions of the impact of social welfare schemes. Hypothesis testing was used to evaluate the statistical significance of each scheme’s contribution to socio-economic development. Data were collected from beneficiaries in the West Tripura District and examined using regression analysis. The study identified education scholarships as a highly impactful scheme, followed by healthcare subsidies, housing schemes, livelihood support programs, and infrastructure development projects. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant positive relationship between social welfare schemes and improved socio-economic indicators, such as income, education levels, healthcare access, and living conditions. The study on various agricultural schemes and their benefits on Tripura tribal communities were also discussed.

SUMANTA DEBBARMA*1, KELVIN UCHOI2, MANAV KUMAR CHAKMA3 and P. C. NUNFELA DARLONG4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 31-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2078–2083

HARI OM YADAV*1 and DILIP KUMAR JHA2

1-2 Department of Botany, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India

Abstract

Makhana thrives in areas with shallow water, such as ponds and marshes, and requires no chemical inputs, such as fertilizers or pesticides. Growing it is therefore both cost-effective and environmentally advantageous. The crop contributes to the preservation of aquatic habitats by maintaining water quality and providing habitat for aquatic species. Makhana's high level of climate adaption makes it a good option for regions at danger from climate change. Temperature, clarity, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, total alkalinity, hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, nitrogen, and organic matter were among the biological characteristics of Makhana Pond in the Darbhanga district that were examined. An average value for each parameter was established for every month of the twelve-month study. Makhana leaves were dispersed around the water's surface, making it difficult for sunlight to penetrate deeply, which hampered ambient air exchange. As a result, the dissolved oxygen level fell short of the required threshold. Over the summer, the water's hardness increases because to the huge buildup of bicarbonate caused by the extra free CO2 created by the dissolving of bottom deposits. As organic waste decomposed during the summer, the water's chloride content rose. Because decomposition was sluggish, high phosphate and nitrate levels were seen throughout the summer. Makhana Pond's biotic activities were the reason for the variation in the C/N ratio.

HARI OM YADAV*1 and DILIP KUMAR JHA2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 31-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2084–2087

NITESH*1, SUNITA DAHIYA2, JAIVIR SINGH3 and ANKIT4

1-2, 4 Department of Physics, Baba Mastnath University Asthal Bohar Rohtak - 124 021, Haryana, India 3 Department of Physics, Janta Vidya Mandir Ganpat Rai Rasiwala College, Charkhi Dadri - 127 306, Haryana, India

Abstract

A multitude of anthropogenic undertakings, encompassing the deployment of phosphate-based fertilizers, combustion of coal within thermal power facilities, uranium mining activities, and the utilization of depleted uranium in military conflicts, engenders the dissemination of uranium into the environmental matrices. The present inquiry delves into the provenance of such aqueous contamination, quantification of uranium concentration, evaluation of attendant health perils, and an appraisal of chemical toxicity indices associated with water specimens extracted from the proximate 0-3 km periphery of the Panipat coal-fired thermal power establishment. These aqueous specimens underwent analytical scrutiny utilizing the LED Fluorimeter Quantalase LF-2, an apparatus adept at discerning uranium concentrations spanning 0.5 μg/L to 1000 μg/L. Empirical findings delineate uranium concentrations within the samples as subsisting beneath the stipulated threshold of 30 μg/L, as delineated by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). Stratified assessments of the annual effective dose across variegated demographic cohorts revealed maximal accrual in infants. Radiologically, computed metrics for mean cancer mortality risk and cancer morbidity risk yielded magnitudes of 4.7 × 10⁻⁵ and 7.3 × 10⁻⁵, respectively, values subordinate to the permissible echelon of 1.67 × 10⁻⁴, as enshrined by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), India. Complementary evaluations of chemical toxicity, encapsulated within the paradigms of the lifetime average daily dose (LADD) and the hazard quotient (HQ), indicate LADD indices inferior to the WHO (2011) benchmark of 1 μg/kg/day. Concomitantly, HQ values manifest below unity, notwithstanding exceptions for dry fly ash and coal specimens, which exceed permissible confines. Noteworthy is the discerned positive correlative interplay betwixt uranium concentrations and total dissolved solids (TDS) within the scrutinized specimens, accentuating the intricate interplay of aqueous physicochemical attributes.

NITESH*1, SUNITA DAHIYA2, JAIVIR SINGH3 and ANKIT4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 31-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 6 ; 2088–2093

T. MURUGAN1, P. MUTHIRULAN*2 and G. V. SHYLASREE3

1,3 Department of Chemistry, S. T. Hindu College (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli-627012, Tamil Nadu) Nagercoil - 629 002, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Lekshmipuram College of Arts and Science (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli - 627 012, Tamil Nadu) Neyyoor - 629 802, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

This study explores preparation (thermally) and activation (chemically) activated carbon from Areca spathe (AS)for the removal of Amido black 10B (AB10B) dye by batch adsorption method. The surface characteristics of the ASC was analyzed using SEM and FTIR. Adsorption ability of ASC to remove AB10B has been investigated by varying various experimental parameters such as initial concentration, contact time, dose and pH of the dye solution. Acidic pH was more favorable for AB10B adsorption and the equilibrium adsorption data was well described by the Langmuir model with adsorption capacity of 123.0 mgg−1 for ASC and 148.08mgg−1 for CAC. The adsorption kinetics was found to be best represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. As a result, the optimum ASC can serve as cost effective and efficient adsorbent for removing dyes from industrial wastewater.

T. MURUGAN1, P. MUTHIRULAN*2 and G. V. SHYLASREE3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 31-Dec-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

An International Journal

P- ISSN: 0976-1675

E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)

Volume - 14 - November-December 2023

Ethnobotanical Investigation of Medicinal Plants used as antidote in Natham Taluk, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India

T. M. SHRINITHA*1 and R. ARUNA2

1-2 PG and Research Department of Botany, Thiagarajar College, Madurai - 625 009, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Screening and Partial Purification of Enzymes from Marine Fungi of Thiruvallur and Chennai District

G. SANGEETHA*1, P. MADHANRAJ2, V. AMBIKAPATHY3 and A. PANNEERSELVAM4

Abstract

GC–MS and Molecular Docking Analyses of Phytocompounds from Dichrostachys cinerea Stem Bark and Their Effect on Lung Cancer Target Protein EGFR

SWADHINI SUBRAMANIAM*1 and DHANALAKSHMI JAGANATHAN2

1-2 P.G. and Research Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan College of Arts and Science, Ellispettai, Erode - 638 116, Tamil Nadu, India 1 Department of Biochemistry, Navarasam Arts and Science College for Women, Arachalur, Erode-638101, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Morphometric Analysis of Relief Aspects of the Puliyeru River Basin, Andhra Pradesh, India using Remote Sensing and GIS

K. SWETHA*1 and G. JAYACHANDRA REDDY2

1-2 Department of Geography, College of Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

A Detailed Checklist of Freshwater Plankton and Fish Species of Karingali Wetland of Central Kerala, India

KRIPA MARIAM MAMMEN*1 and M. G. SANALKUMAR2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, N. S. S. College Pandalam, Pathanamthitta - 689 501, Kerala, India

Abstract

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality using Hydrochemical Characters and Water Quality Index- A Case Study of Chikkanayakanahalli Taluk of Tumkur District, Karnataka

K. L. PUSHPA1 and K. L. PRAKASH*2

1-2 Department of Environmental Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Comparative Analysis of Developmental Stages of Haustorium from Three Varieties of Cocos nucifera L.

MANJU MANOHARAN*1, MAHESH S.2, BINDU R NAIR3 and LAIJA S. NAIR1

Abstract

Analysis of Rainfall Characteristics and Ground Water Recharge in Hundri River Basin of Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh

B. APPANNA1, S. SIDDI RAJU*2 and Y. SUJATHA1

1 Department of Geography, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Geology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak - 484 887, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Influence of Composts and Industrial By-products on Sesame Yield and Post Harvest Nutrient Status

VENKATAKRISHNAN D.*1, MANOJKUMAR M.2, S. SRINIVASAN3 and K. SIVAKUMAR4

1-3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University), Papparapatty - 636 809, Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Identification and Characterization of Gut Associated Bacteria in Epilachna vigintioctopunctata Fab. (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae)

S. VARNA*1, M. SHIVASHANKAR2 and R. RANGESHWARAN3

1 Department of Life Science, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka 2-3 ICAR- National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore - 560 024, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Response of Different Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes to Drought Stress Induced by Polyethylene Glycol-6000 during Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth

MOTLATSI E. MOROJELE*1, MOLEBOHENG P. LEKOTA2 and MANKOTSENG SHALE3

1-3 The National University of Lesotho, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, P. O. Roma. 180. Lesotho. Southern Africa

Abstract

Removal of Organic Dyes and Endocrine Disrupter by Nanocomposite of Ag(0)-Fe(0)/Fe3O4@GO Synthesized using a Facial Green Technique Employing Camellia sinensis Leaf Extract

SARABPRIT SINGH1, DALJIT SINGH1, AVNEESH KUMAR2, RUPESH KUMAR1, BALJINDER SINGH3 and SUKHJEET KAUR4

Abstract

Price Variation Analysis of Vegetables in Agartala, Tripura

PINTU MAJHI1, SEEMARANI MEHER2, WAQAR AHMED3 and ASHUTOSH KUMAR TIWARI4

1, 3 Department of Economics, Tripura University (A Central University), Agartala - 799 022, India 2 P. G. Department of Economics, Sambalpur University, Burla - 768 019, Odisha, India 4 Department of Political Science, Tripura University (A Central University), Agartala - 799 022, India

Abstract

Screening of Selected musa Cultivars against Banana Aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa (Coq)

ASHIF K. K.1, PADMANABAN B.2 and JOSEPH ANTONY JERALD I*3

Abstract

Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Cytochrome Oxidase Activities in the Haustoria of Cassytha filiformisn L. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. (Stem Parasites) and Santalum album L. (Root Parasite)

N. S. SURESHA1, D. K. RAVISHANKAR2, L. RAJANNA3 and G. V. MATHAD4

1-2 Maharani’s Science College for Women (Autonomous), JLB Road, Mysore - 570 005, Karnataka, India 3-4 Department of Botany, Bangalore University, JB Campus, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Information Source Utilization by Tribal Women of Rural Mizoram

ZOHMINGMAWII SAILO1 and J. LONGKUMER2

1-2 Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medzohpema - 797 106, Nagaland, India

Abstract

Report on Betalain Pigments Produced by Endophyte in Amaranthus cruentus L.

HARSHDEEP B. SARTAPE*1, SHAIKH JAWED AHMED2, NOMAN AZEEM KHAN3 and ASHFAQUE M. KHAN4

1-2,4 Department of Botany, Maulana Azad College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Rauza Bagh, Aurangabad - 431 001, Maharashtra, India 3 Microbial Solutions Private Limited, Hingoli - 431 513, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

An Empirical Study on the Problems Faced by Tribal Agripreneurs in Hill Districts of Manipur

THANGMINLUN SINGSIT*1 and GANGA PRASAD PRASAIN2

1-3 Department of Commerce, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal East, Manipur - 795 003, India

Abstract

Cytotoxicity and DNA Fragmentation Analysis of Punica granatum L. Peels Ethanolic (PPE) Extract against Human Gastric Cancer Cell Line (HGT-1)

VIGNESH P1 and NETHAJI S*2

1-2 Post Graduate and Research Department of Biochemistry, Maruthupandiyar College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Thanjavur - 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Effect of Pesticides on Enzyme Activities in Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) Soils

SWETHA K*1, SATYANRAYANA SWAMY V1, SRINIVASULU M2, VARALAKSHMI P1 and MURALIDHARARAO D1