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P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.56

Volume- 15 - September-October 2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1105–1113
C. Initha Lebanon Ebency*, M. Flory Shobana1, S. Tharani2, Sharmy Saimon Mano3 and N. Vanitha4
* Department of Microbiology, Annai Violet Arts and Science College, Chennai - 600 053, Tamil Nadu, India 1, 3 Department of Biotechnology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Avinashi Road, Behind Nava India, Coimbatore - 641 028, Tamil Nadu, India2 2 GRG BIRAC E- YUVA Centre, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore - 641 004, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Department of Microbiology, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Avinashi Road, Behind Nava India, Coimbatore - 641 028, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Actinomycetes, Gram-positive, filamentous bacteria, thrive in diverse environments and are prolific antibiotic producers. Streptomyces species, a key genus, produce around 80% of recognized secondary metabolites, including glycopeptides, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides. This study aimed to produce and characterize bioactive compounds from Actinomycetes and screen their antioxidant properties. Biochemical tests confirmed the isolate's properties, showing positive results for starch, casein, gelatin, and cellulase hydrolysis, urea hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, catalase, H2S production, indole, MR, Voges-Proskauer, and citrate tests, indicating diverse enzymatic and metabolic capabilities. The bioactivity of isolates was confirmed against P. aureus, E. coli, Salmonella, and Proteus, with significant inhibition zones. The crude compound was purified via thin layer chromatography (TLC) with a retention factor of 0.83 and exhibited antimicrobial activity. The isolate was identified as Streptomyces longisporoflavus through 16s rRNA analysis.

C. Initha Lebanon Ebency*, M. Flory Shobana1, S. Tharani2, Sharmy Saimon Mano3 and N. Vanitha4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Sep-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1114–1120
Kirandeep Kaur1, Sandeep Kumar Singh*2 and Jewanjot Kaur3
1-3 Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib - 140 406, Punjab, India
Abstract
The present research entitled “Studies on effect of different levels fertigation on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Production grown under polyhouse cultivation” was carried out in the academic year 2021-2023 at the polyhouse, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India. The experiment was laid out in RBD (Randomized Block Design) with five replications. The treatments consisted of T1: control, T2: 50% Fertigation, T3: 75% Fertigation, T4: 100% Fertigation, T5: 125% Fertigation. Application of different levels of fertigation increased the growth, yield, quality of cucumber along with soil parameters. The maximum plant height (4.16m), number of primary branches (15.60), leaf length (22.28 cm), leaf diameter (15.06 cm), days to first flowering (29.80), days to 50% flowering (38.00) days to first picking (44.20) were recorded maximum with the application of 125% fertigation., Number of fruits per plant (14.39), fruit length(17.00 cm), fruit diameter (4.13 cm), average fruit weight (155.32 g), fruit yield per plant ( 2.00 kg), fruit yield per hectare (60.13 t), fruit pH (5.55), TSS (4.19 °B), Titrable acidity (0.12 %), fruit firmness (4.42 kg cm-2), ascorbic acid (6.32 mg/100g), were recorded with the application of 100% fertigation. Whereas, soil pH (7.02) electrical conductivity (0.36 ds/m), organic carbon (0.77%), available nitrogen (290.21 kg/ha), available phosphorus (23.23 kg/ha), available potassium (160.43 kg/ha) were recorded maximum with the application of 100% fertigation. The treatment T4: 100% RDF also produces the highest cost of cultivation (313093.75), gross income (1322860.00), net returns of Rs. (1010366.25) along with benefit : cost ratio (3:23). These results suggested that optimum production of cucumber can be obtained with application of 100% RDF through fertigation.

Kirandeep Kaur1, Sandeep Kumar Singh*2 and Jewanjot Kaur3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Sep-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1121–1124
N. Chandrakala*1 and Parameshwari2
1-2 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Kunthavai Naacchiyaar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Thanjavur - 613 007, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Ocimum sanctum is an erect much branched highly aromatic, softy hairy annual, plant. Leaves of Ocimum sanctum contain water soluble phenolic compounds. Andrographis paniculta is an erect 40- 90 cm tall annual plant. A. paniculate was effective against bacillary dysentery. Gastero enteritis etc. Hence an attempt was made to study the antibacterial activity of Ocimum sanctum and A. paniculata against human and Animal pathogens. The study revealed that among the four organisms tested V. chlerae and showed maximum zone of inhibition and was followed by Aeromonas hydrophila.

N. Chandrakala*1 and Parameshwari2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Sep-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1125–1132
B. Sri Suyambulinga Perumal*1,3, P. Sri Renganathan1, N. Rexin Alphonse2 and D. Venkatesh3
1 P. G. and Research Department of Chemistry, Rani Anna Government College for Women (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Tirunelveli - 627 008, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Sarah Tucker College (Autonomous), Tirunelveli - 627 007, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Chemistry, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai - 600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
A growing amount of fluoride is making its way into the human food and drink chain when people consume tea, wheat, spinach, cabbage, carrots and other Indian items. Therefore, while calculating total fluoride intake, food fluoride concentration should not be disregarded. The concentration of fluoride in irrigation water and soil affects the amount of fluoride in food. Therefore, in the current study, the assessment of the consequences of water-soluble fluoride poisoning on chlorophyll pigments from leaves, stems, roots and seeds were studied using various concentrations of sodium fluoride in the water used to irrigate the plant Amaranthus dubius. The results showed that Amaranthus dubius which receives only water (control) had higher amount of chlorophyll a (1.71µg/g) in its leaves and low amount of chlorophyll a (0.22 µg/g) in the stems of Amaranthus dubius watered with 50ppm of sodium fluoride on the 55th day of growth. The amount of chlorophyll a decrease when concentration of sodium fluoride increases. The amount of chlorophyll a (µg/g) in leaves of all experimentally challenged Amaranthus dubius varied from 0.22µg/g - 1.71µg/g (minimum in stems to maximum in leaves) when estimated from 15 to 55 days.

B. Sri Suyambulinga Perumal*1,3, P. Sri Renganathan1, N. Rexin Alphonse2 and D. Venkatesh3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Sep-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1133–1138
Jewanjot Kaur*1, Sandeep Kumar Singh2 and Kirandeep Kaur3
1-3 Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib - 140 406, Punjab, India
Abstract
The present investigation was conducted in the academic year 2021-2023 at the polyhouse, Department of Agriculture, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India. The experiment was laid out in RBD (Randomized Block Design) with five replications and six treatments viz. T1: control, T2: 40% Fertigation, T3: 60% Fertigation, T4: 80% Fertigation, T5: 100% Fertigation, T6: 120% Fertigation. The study revealed that the growth stage wise application of different levels of fertigation increased the all parameters of capsicum. The maximum plant height (148.77 cm), plant diameter (52.43 cm), leaf length (18.05 cm), leaf diameter (9.10 cm), days to first flowering (46.72), days to first picking (74.32), harvest duration (68.83) were found maximum with the application of 120% fertigation. The average fruit weight (70.47g), number of fruits per plant (13.29), fruit length (72.98 mm), fruit diameter (58.50 mm), fruit yield per plant (1208.49 g), fruit yield per hectare (33.50 tonnes) were found maximum with the application of 100% fertigation. The same treatment also produces the highest net returns of Rs. (1383963.99) along with benefit : cost ratio (2.21). These findings suggested that optimum production of capsicum can be attained with application of 100% fertigation.

Jewanjot Kaur*1, Sandeep Kumar Singh2 and Kirandeep Kaur3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Sep-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1139–1145
Princy Agarwal*1 and Anju Goyal2
1-2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhupal Nobles' University, Sevashram Road, Udaipur - 313 001, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
This study aims to benchmark the quality of Ashwagandharishta by conducting a comparative quality evaluation of three marketed brands. The objectives are to assess various quality parameters to determine the overall quality and efficacy of each brand. Three brands of Ashwagandharishta were procured from the market and subjected to quality assessment as per the various methods prescribed in the standard texts of Pharmacopoeias. The analysis revealed that all three brands adhered to the quality standards prescribed in Ayurvedic pharmacopeia. Organoleptic properties were consistent across the brands, with minor variations in color. Physicochemical parameters, including pH and specific gravity, were within acceptable ranges, with no brand showing any alcohol content. Phytochemical, microbial contamination and heavy metal concentration analysis indicated compliance with the prescribed standards. The findings underscore the importance of consistent quality control measures in the production of Ayurvedic formulations. This comparative evaluation demonstrates that while all three brands of Ashwagandharishta meet essential quality parameters, variations in specific attributes can impact their therapeutic effectiveness. Ensuring stringent quality control is crucial for maintaining the efficacy and consumer trust in Ayurvedic products. This study provides valuable insights for both manufacturers and consumers, promoting informed decision-making.

Princy Agarwal*1 and Anju Goyal2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 24-Sep-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1146–1150
V. Maivizhi1 and P. S. Sujatha*2
1-2 PG and Research Department of Zoology, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore - 641 018, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive form of primary liver cancer with increasing global incidence, ranking as the fifth most common malignancy. Diethyl-nitrosamine (DEN), a widespread carcinogen found in various sources including cigarettes, gasoline, cosmetics, and certain foods like milk and meat, is implicated in its development. Lagerstroemia speciosa, known as India's pride, is the focal point of this research. The primary objective is to assess the histopathological effects of experimental plant extracts on DEN-induced liver tumours in albino rats. Phytochemical analysis of Lagerstroemia speciosa acetone leaf extract (LALE) confirms the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, proteins and amino acids, reducing sugars, glycosides, phytosterols, and coumarins. The study included different experimental groups: Group I as the control, Group II exposed to DEN, Group III treated with a standard drug (STD) alongside DEN induction, and Groups IV and V treated with LALE at low (250 mg/kg body weight) and high doses (500 mg/kg body weight), respectively, daily for 16 weeks. Results indicated morphological changes and increased liver weight. Histological examination involved biopsy or necropsy tissue collection, fixation, section preparation, staining, and microscopic analysis. Histopathological evaluation of L. speciosa leaf extract in Group V, treated with the highest dose, showed minimal response compared to the STD group.

V. Maivizhi1 and P. S. Sujatha*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 24-Sep-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1151–1155
Arumugam Pitchaipillai1, Kalyanaraman Rajagopal*2, Kokila Vasanthakumar3, Arulmathi Ramalingam1, Muralidharan Ramachandran4, Salem Varadharajan Rajesh2, Prabakaran, Ramalingam2, Kathiravan Govindarajan2 and Meenambiga Setti Sudharsan5
1 Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai - 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College (Autonomous), Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai - 600 004, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Biotechnology, Gojan School of Business and Technology, Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai - 600 052, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Department of Botany, D. G. Vaishnav College, (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai - 600 106, Tamil Nadu, India 5 Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai - 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Endophytic fungi live inside healthy plant tissues and inhabit almost all varieties of plants. Endophytic fungi can secrete several metabolites, which are useful in the biotechnology industry. In the present study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaf of Saccharum officinarum L, belonging to the family Poaceae. A total of sixty endophytic isolates belonging to six different fungal species were isolated from 300 leaf segments. Among six fungal species four endophytic fungi were hyphomycetes and two species belongs to coelomycetes and ascomycetes. Chaetomium globosum was the dominant endophyte and showed the maximum colonization frequency (CF/6.0) and the least colonization frequency shown by Humicola sp. (CF/1.0). The isolated endophytic fungi were tested for the production of extracellular enzymes like amylase, cellulase, pectinase, protease, and IAA.

Arumugam Pitchaipillai1, Kalyanaraman Rajagopal*2, Kokila Vasanthakumar3, Arulmathi Ramalingam1, Muralidharan Ramachandran4, Salem Varadharajan Rajesh2, Prabakaran, Ramalingam2, Kathiravan Govindarajan2 and Meenambiga Setti Sudharsan5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Sep-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1156–1160
Kiran Bala Bishnoi¹, Anurag Airon², Kapil Panwar*3 and Randhir Kaswan⁴
1-2,4 Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India 3 Haryana Space Application Center (HARSAC), Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India
Abstract
One-third of the agricultural land faces the problem of waterlogging. The water table has risen to variable depths in different regions of Haryana, including Hisar, Fatehabad, Sirsa, Rohtak, Jhajjar, and some villages of district Charkhi Dadri. It has transformed a large component of land barren, i.e., unfit for agricultural purposes. For this purpose, LANDSAT 4-5 TM data of different dates, and analyses were carried out on ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 software. We find the waterlogged affected area in central Haryana with the help of geo-informatics techniques like unsupervised classification and NDWI indices. Heavy rainfall can cause waterlogging in areas where the soil's root zone has inferior drainage ability. Waterlogging is not necessarily the result of the water table rising. For this, the heavy rainfall years were identified by rainfall record analysis, and two years (1995 and 2010) were selected. Satellite images of these years were analysed. The common waterlogged area in two years was termed highly vulnerable, whereas a single year was a vulnerable zone for waterlogging. This is beginning to affect our natural environment dramatically, reduce the viability of our agricultural sector, and damage private and public infrastructure.

Kiran Bala Bishnoi¹, Anurag Airon², Kapil Panwar*3 and Randhir Kaswan⁴ Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Sep-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1161–1167
J. S. Sathe1, V. S. Jadhav*2 and S.B. Kengar3
1-3 Department of Zoology, Lal Bahadur Shastri College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur) Satara - 415 002, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Sangli is one of the southernmost districts of Maharashtra having different geographical status. Bird occurs throughout the world their presence indicates the health of the ecosystem. They serve as a route to connect aquatic ecosystems with terrestrial ecosystems by nutrient cycling and maintaining them stable. They also provide direct and indirect benefits to humans. The present study attempted to record the diversity and status of wetland avifauna from the Sangli district of Maharashtra State from 2021 to 2024 in which 122 species of wetland birds were recorded of 19 orders and 49 families during the period of study. Among the recorded species 14 were migratory, 24 were residential migratory and 84 were residential species.

J. S. Sathe1, V. S. Jadhav*2 and S.B. Kengar3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Oct-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1168–1171
Chavan M. M*1, Abdar M. R2 and Kengar S. B3
1 Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad - 415 124, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Zoology, Krantisinh Nana Patil College, Walwa - 416 313, Maharashtra, India 3 Department of Zoology, Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad - 415 124, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Our knowledge about environmental correlates of the spatial distribution of animal species stems mostly from the study of well-known vertebrate and a few invertebrate taxa. Collembolans commonly called as Springtails are omnipresent members of soil fauna. The Collembolans are major part of soil biota. Their collection and identification require expertise hand to know the status of soil biota, therefore the present study of Collembola fauna of different vegetation (Agricultural land and Barren land) in Phaltan Tehsil of Maharashtra region, was studied from January 2022 to November 2022. The present study carried out to know the diversity of collembolan species in different habitats of phaltan tehsil which can help to know the fertility of soil. Diversity of collembola carried by using Berlese funnel method. The result of present study shows presence of “Lepidocyrtus” genera which belongs to family Entomobryidae. It is one of the largest genera within the order Collembola.

Chavan M. M*1, Abdar M. R2 and Kengar S. B3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Oct-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1172–1174
D. Ganapathi*1, V. M. Duraisamy2, B. Suthakar3 and N. Karpoora Sundara Pandian4
1 Department of Agriculture Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai - 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India 3 Agricultural Machinery Research Centre, AEC & RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India 4 College of Food and Dairy Technology, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 052, Tamil Nadu
Abstract
The Indian agriculture tillage system is in the stage that Moldboard plough, disc plough are replaced with horizontal axis rotary tillers. Vertical axis rotary tiller has been introduced in recent years by some farm equipment manufacturers. Farmers claim difference between horizontal and vertical axis rotary action but there are no scientific work compare them. In this research single row vertical axis rotavator has been developed and evaluated the soil traffic in soil bin located at farm machinery workshop of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Soil traffic measurements are made with the soil-trafficability test set. This set consists of one digital display with handle, load cell, circular aluminium rod with 600 mm length and 322 square millimeters cone. Result showed that in so in deeper depth more force is needed i.e., 1950, 2320, 2560 and 2970 kPa for 100, 150, 200 and 250mm are shown respectively.

D. Ganapathi*1, V. M. Duraisamy2, B. Suthakar3 and N. Karpoora Sundara Pandian4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Oct-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1175–1179
D. Ganapathi*1, V. M. Duraisamy2, B. Suthakar3 and N. Karpoora Sundara Pandian4
1 Department of Agriculture Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai - 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India 3 Agricultural Machinery Research Centre, AEC & RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003, India 4 College of Food and Dairy Technology, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai - 600 052, Tamil Nadu
Abstract
In this research, a single row vertical axis rotavator mounted on the loading car was developed for measuring the torque requirement in the soil bin by varying the forward speed (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 km h-1), rotary speed (2.3, 2.8 and 3.2 ms-1), depth of operation (100, 150 and 200 mm) and rake angle (0°, 5°, 10° and 15°). The minimum and maximum torque requirement of 33.3 Nm and 48.7 Nm were observed for the optimized levels. The modified six-row vertical axis rotavator resulted in 17.5 mm of soil mean weight diameter, 2220.7 kPa of cone index, 0.3 ha h-1 of theoretical field capacity, 0.267 ha h-1, 89 per cent of field efficiency, -2 per cent of wheel slip, 5.3 cm of bite length and 4.2 l h-1 of fuel consumption.

D. Ganapathi*1, V. M. Duraisamy2, B. Suthakar3 and N. Karpoora Sundara Pandian4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Oct-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1180–1184
Sudhakar Bharti1, Suresh Chandra*2, Neelash Chauhan3, Jaivir Singh4, Deepak Kumar Mishra5, B. R. Singh6 and Ruchi Verma7
1-7 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut - 250 110, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
The vegetables slices are used as salad in various types of parties or celebration in India continental. The slicing is brought about by mechanical means without change in chemical properties of the material and uniformity in size and shape of individual units of the end product. The unbranded slicers were procured from market of different manufacturing companies. The main objective of study was to evaluate the performance of vegetable slicers (i.e. slicing machine-I and slicing machine-II) that is affordable by small scale farmers, new entrepreneur and food caters. The performance of the slicers is evaluated with raw potato, radish, cucumber, turnip and carrot. Initial moisture content of potato, cucumber, turnip, radish and carrot was observed 82.91%, 94.58%, 95.16%, 94.25 and 86.19%, respectively. The average slicing capacity was observed highest in Slicer-II and slicing efficiency for Slicer-I.

Sudhakar Bharti1, Suresh Chandra*2, Neelash Chauhan3, Jaivir Singh4, Deepak Kumar Mishra5, B. R. Singh6 and Ruchi Verma7 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Oct-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1185–1188
Bharambe S. D1, Kunvar Gyanendra Kumar2, R. P. Singh3 and Pawar A. S4
1-4 Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Bhagwant University (Rajasthan), Ajmer - 305 023, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
Several efficient cellulase producing microorganisms were isolated. The purpose was to identify and characterize those isolates displaying the greatest cellulase activity for the possible use in the large scale biorefining. Cellulases are inducible enzymes that are synthesized by a large number of microorganisms during their growth on cellulosic materials. Cellulases have attracted much interest because of the diversity of their applications. Cellulases are used in the various industrial process, including textile and laundry, food, feed, leather, pulp and paper. The biochemical characterizations of the isolated Bacterial strains from termite gut. Isolated strains are efficient namely TG I and TG II. Indicate that they may play a role in cellulose digestion in termite gut.

Bharambe S. D1, Kunvar Gyanendra Kumar2, R. P. Singh3 and Pawar A. S4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Oct-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1189–1195
Kantikeshwar Jaiswal*1
1 Department of Botany, Government Naveen College, Sonakhan - 493 335, District Balodabazar -Bhatapara, Chhattisgarh, India
Abstract
Thus, this paper analyses the importance of toxins to plant diseases and also assesses measures in preventing the effects of toxins on agriculture. Bacterial, fungal and viral toxins interfere with plant cell metabolism and defense mechanisms resulting to huge crop losses. In this paper, we discussed the current methods of identification and measurement of toxins such as high- performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Nevertheless, these methods have some drawbacks, for example, sensitivity, specificity, matrix effects, etc. This paper also investigated plant defense mechanisms with reference to the genetic level involving detoxification and activation of resistance genes. Breeding techniques, both conventional and those involving the use of biotechnology, seek to improve toxin content in crops through the use of transgenic techniques and marker assisted selection. Also, we evaluated the use of toxin management techniques, including toxin-inhibitors and genetic engineering techniques which have the potential of decreasing the reliance on chemical pesticides and increasing the resistance of crops. They help in practice of sustainable agriculture by encouraging the use of environmentally friendly practices and enhancing crop yield. Therefore, the present study calls for further research in toxin detection, resistance mechanisms, and application of the biotechnology for enhancing the sustainability of agriculture and food security.

Kantikeshwar Jaiswal*1 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 24-Oct-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1196–1203
Sandhya Pandey*1 and Arpita Awasthi2
1 Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa - 486 003, Madhya Pradesh, India 2 Thakur Ranmat Singh College, Rewa - 486 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
The present study was aimed to preliminary phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatographic profiling and antimicrobial activities of Hedychium coronarium. Phytochemical screening was performed to investigate bioactive constituents of dried flowers by utilizing various solvent system (petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) to confirm the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins and glycosides etc. Total phenol and flavonoid content were examined spectrophotometrically. The crude extracts (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous) which shows good phytochemical result was subjected to TLC profiling and separation of spots were observed under normal day light, shorter wavelength (254nm) and longer wavelength (365nm) of light by using different solvent systems with Rf values compared to standard drugs of gallic acid (0.28) and quercetin (0.50). The antimicrobial activity was determined by well diffusion method along with standard antibiotic against selected bacterial and fungal strains. In preliminary phytochemical screening methanol and aqueous extracts of flower contain higher bioactive constituents than other solvent extract. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were ranged from (0 to 1.57±0.01) mg GAE/g and (1.76±0.02) to (4.13±0.01) mg QE/g. Among all the solvent extracts, dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous extracts showed well separation of spots. The retardation factor was found to be 0.22 and 0.50 to 0.62 which is similar to standard gallic acid and quercetin respectively. The methanol extract demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogenic species with minimum inhibitory concentrations values ranging from 25-100 mg/mL for bacteria and fungi respectively. Methanolic extract of Hedychium coronarium flower exhibit the presence of various phytoconstituents and display significant antimicrobial activity.

Sandhya Pandey*1 and Arpita Awasthi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Oct-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1204–1209
Sangathi Nikhila Vani*1 and Damini Soni2
1-2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Nutrition and Public Health, NIMS University, Jaipur - 303 121, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
Among the pseudocereals, buckwheat is a gluten-free underutilized short duration crop under the family Polygonaceae. Countries that grow buckwheat are China, Russia, Japan, France, Brazil, Poland, Kazakhstan, United States of America, and in India it is cultivated in North Western and Eastern Hills and some parts of southern India. Buckwheat has attracted the interest of consumers due to its nutritional properties, grains are rich in protein with balanced amino-acid composition, fiber, vitamins, resistant starch, and bioactive compounds (flavonoids, rutin, phenolic acids, quercetin). These bioactive compounds help in the prevention of chronic diseases. Grains of buckwheat are gluten-free, so many food recipes are formulated for celiac patients.

Sangathi Nikhila Vani*1 and Damini Soni2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 28-Oct-2024

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 15 - Issue : 15 ; 1210–1218
Mumayyza Khan*1 and M. B. Siddiquie2
1-2 Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
The Amaranthaceae is an ecologically prominent plant family with a global economic impact because of its complex chemical composition. Allelopathic potential exists in many Amaranthaceae plants, with different activities, kinds, and amounts of causative chemicals based on the plant species. The use of allelopathic chemicals in agricultural management might help to minimize pesticide use and environmental degradation. It possesses potent allelopathic action, as evidenced by a) bioassays of aqueous or different solvent extracts and residues, b) finding of causative allelochemicals, and c) field research. Our reviewing key findings are that a) seedling growth is more sensitive than germination, especially root growth b) field soil gathered under the donor greatly inhibited or slightly boosted development of the test plants, and Methanol extracts or fractions, as well as causative phenolic allelochemicals, were used in petri-dish bioassays, which revealed strong phytotoxic activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Further studies need to be carried out to explore the Allelopathic potential of halophytes of the family concerning medicinal plants, crops, and weeds.

Mumayyza Khan*1 and M. B. Siddiquie2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 30-Oct-2024