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P- ISSN: 0976-1675
E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)
NAAS Score: 4.56

Volume - 13 - March-April 2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 322–328
A. Sudha1-2, A. Afroos Banu3, N. M. I. Alhaji*4, D. Saravanakkumar5 and S. Sivaranjani6 and A. Ayeshamariam7
1,3-4 Department of Chemistry, Khadir Mohideen College, Adirampattinam - 614 701, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Thiruchirappalli), Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Kunthavai Naacchiyaar Government Arts College for Women (Auto), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Thiruchirappalli), Thanjavu - 613 007, Tamil Nadu, India 5 P. G. and Research Department of Physics, Thiagarajar College, Madurai - 625 009, Tamil Nadu, India 6 Department of Physics, St. Antony’s College of Arts and Science for Women, Thamaraipadi - 624 005, Tamil Nadu, India 7 Department of Physics, Khadir Mohideen College, Adirampattinam - 614 701, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Thiruchirappalli), Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
One of the transition metal oxide so-called cobalt oxides is successfully synthesized into nanophase powder by aerogel method which has benefits to make the low-size range nanoparticles (NPs) and analyzed at ambient as well as annealed temperature at 200º C. The Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) samples are studies by the following techniques that are powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) crystallographic for essential crystal parameters, transmission electron microscope (TEM) for particles information, ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy for band gap energy with optical properties and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum for molecular vibrational analysis. The impact of the applied samples on inhibition activities at the bacteria’s zone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (E. coli) respectively were interpreted.

A. Sudha1-2, A. Afroos Banu3, N. M. I. Alhaji*4, D. Saravanakkumar5 and S. Sivaranjani6 and A. Ayeshamariam7 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 329–333
Jahangirr Ahmad Magray*1 and D. P. Sharma2
1-2 Department of Botany, Government Model Science College, Gwalior - 474 002, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract
Seed germination experiments were conducted with 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mM NaCl stress at 34.3 ± 5.2°C of summer and 17.6 ± 3.4°C of winter in laboratory conditions. Highest germination (92.33±4.50%) was recorded with 50mM NaCl at 34.3 ± 5.2°C. Seed germination (70.00 ± 3.00%) significantly (P=0.05) decreased in 500mM at 34.3 ± 5.2°C whereas seeds failed to germinate with this NaCl concentration at 17.6 ± 3.4°C. Radicle length (6.73 ± 2.23cm), dry weight (0.69 ± 0.06g) of 100 seeds and germination index (773.00 ± 9.6) were also significantly (P=0.05) increased under 50mM NaCl at 34.3 ± 5.2°C when compared with the control. Seed germination and seedling growth parameters were significantly (P=0.01) decreased under 500Mm salinity at 34.3 ± 5.2°C. Comparatively, the seed germination decreased in control and all the salinity treatments at lower temperature (17.6 ± 3.4°C). Seed dry weight and germination index also significantly (P=0.01) decreased whereas total spread of germination increased at 17.6 ± 3.4°C.

Jahangirr Ahmad Magray*1 and D. P. Sharma2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 334–337
Soma Karmakar*¹, A. K. Srivastava2, Vinay Oraon3, T. Pandiaraj4 and Jyostna Tirkey5
1-5 University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi - 834 008, Jharkhand, India 3-5 Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Jorhat - 785 700, Assam, India 3-5 Narendra Deva University of Agricultural Technology, Azamgarh - 276 207, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Sericulture is an agro-based industry providing employment to millions of rural as well as urban population. The Sericulture industry depends on the production of good quality of cocoon. The quality and quantity of Cocoon depends on the nutrients of the leaf. The nutrient of the leaf comes from the soil. The rhizobacteria present in their soil plays important role in solubilizing the insoluble form of nutrient making them available to plant. The current study was carried on the microbial population of Tasar growing region. The isolate was examined on the basis of their color and surface morphology. The biochemical test starting from gram staining test, carbohydrate fermentation test (Glucose, Lactose, Mannitol and Sucrose), Litmus milk test, Catalase test, IMViC test, Urease test, Gelatin hydrolysis test, Nitrate reduction test Starch hydrolysis test and Triple sugar test. 16rRNA analysis was carried out for 4 isolates. According to morphological, biochemical characterization it was found that the isolates belong to the genus Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Planoccocus spp., and Azotobacter spp. On the basis of 16S rRNA analysis of 4 isolates were found to be Planococcus halotolerans SCU63(T), Bacillus tequilensis KCTC13622(T), Bacillus megaterium NBRC15308(T) and Bacillus zhangzhouensis DW5-4(T). This finding suggest that identified strain may be utilized as biofertilizers after further screening their ability of nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization capability because soil fertility is the major factor in the sericulture industry for the production of good quality crops.

Soma Karmakar*¹, A. K. Srivastava2, Vinay Oraon3, T. Pandiaraj4 and Jyostna Tirkey5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 338–343
Sanjay K. Shahi1, Aditya Kumar*2 and Vaishali Singh3
1-3 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Udai Pratap Autonomous College (MGKV University) Varanasi - 221 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
This field experiment was carried out on sandy loam soil with wheat variety HD 2967 as a test crop during Rabi season (2019-2020) to study the effects of copper nutrition on production potential and nutrients uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The experiment comprised of Control (T1), 0.5 kg Cu ha-1 + RDF (T2), 1.0 kg Cu ha-1 + RDF (T3) 1.5 kg Cu ha-1 + RDF (T4), 2.0 kg Cu ha-1 + RDF (T5) and 2.5 kg Cu ha-1 + RDF (T6). Highest plant height (92.75 cm) at 120 DAS, number of tillers (441 tiller m-2) at 60 DAS, number of leaves (64.53 leaves plant-1) at 60 DAS, number of grains (42.41 grains per ear head), spike length (18.23 cm), test weight (38.67 gm), grain yield (45.98 q ha-1), straw yield (76.98 q ha-1), biological yield (122.96 q ha-1) and harvest index (37.39%) of wheat were obtained with T5 treatment followed by T5>T6>T4>T3>T2>T1. Among various treatments, the nutrients (NPK and Cu) uptake by wheat were recorded highest under 2.5 kg Cu ha-1 + RDF (T5) treated plot and lowest under control (T1).

Sanjay K. Shahi1, Aditya Kumar*2 and Vaishali Singh3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 344–348
Nitin Kumar*1, Sheekha2 and Hema Gupta3
1 Lords School of Agriculture Science, Lords University, Chikani, Alwar - 301 028, Rajasthan, India 2 Indian Agriculture Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi - 110 012
Abstract
Early blight (Alternaria solani) of tomato is one of the major biotic constraints in different ecologies the world. The highly loss in yield and quality of fruits leading to complete defoliation, are the most damaging in regions with heavy rainfall, high humidity and fairly high temperatures (24-29ºC). The objective of this research was to compare between higher diseased incidence plant and lower diseased incidence plant based on yield as the measuring parameter in natural epiphytotic conditions. A line × tester analysis was conducted for evaluation of early blight disease of tomato in the Vegetable Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (India). Thirteen lines and thirty hybrids were screened in randomize block design with three replications following standard spacing under natural epiphytotic conditions against early blight of tomato in two rabi (winter) seasons. In first year, the maximum disease severity was recorded for the hybrid NDTVR-60 × KashiSharad (42.66%) with a minimum severity of 24.00% in Flora dade x BT 12 however, in second year maximum disease severity was also recorded for the cross NDTVR-60 × KashiSharad (44.00%) and minimum for Floradade × BT-12 (24.00%). In the first year, twenty-three hybrids were moderately resistant while six hybrids showed susceptible reaction and one of the hybrid (Flora dade × BT-12) showed resistant reaction for the early blight. In second year, twenty-two hybrids showed moderately resistance and seven hybrids were found susceptible. Data showed higher disease incidence was responsible for decreasing yield per plant in both the years and also identifying resistant cultivars for further research work.

Nitin Kumar*1, Sheekha2 and Hema Gupta3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 349–353
Swateja Deshmukh*1, Padmini Wagh2 and Sucheta Patil3
1, 3 Department of Microbiology, K.T.H.M College, Nashik - 422 002, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, K.T.H.M College, Nashik - 422 002, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The development of biological processes for the synthesis of nano-sized materials is of great importance in the field of nanotechnology. The present study deals with correlation between metal tolerance ability of bacterial isolates and its ability to synthesize Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Twenty-three bacterial cultures were isolated from zinc contaminated soil samples around close vicinity of zinc electroplating industries situated in Satpur MIDC of Nashik city, Maharashtra (INDIA). Among all twenty-three isolates, isolate SB3 was found to have maximum metal tolerance of 1000µg/mL which was identified as Bacillus mycoides on basis of morphological and biochemical characters and confirmed using VITEK 2 system. The extracellular biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was performed using Bacillus mycoides and 1mM Zinc sulphate heptahydrate as a precursor. Recovery of nanoparticles was done using a mixture of CTAB and Hexane in the ratio 2:1 respectively. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were further characterized by using UV- Visible double beam spectroscopy, XRD and SEM confirming the crystalline spherical structure of ZnO nanoparticles having Z-average of 55nm. FTIR Spectroscopy studies indicated the presence of protein moiety for stabilization of formed nanoparticles. Thus, biological synthesis is an ecofriendly and cost-effective way to produce small sized and naturally stable ZnO nanoparticles.

Swateja Deshmukh*1, Padmini Wagh2 and Sucheta Patil3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 354–359
Dhani Ram Deka1, Pranjoli Das2, Probin Phanjom3 and Manash Pratim Sarma4
1,4 Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati - 781 027, Assam, India 2 Centre for Nanotechnology, IIT Guwahati - 781 039, Assam, India 3 Assam Don Bosco University, Sonapur, Tepesia - 782 402, Assam, India
Abstract
Piper betle L. leaf a heart shaped evergreen medicinal herb is traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases. The raw leaves as well as its extract shows significant antimicrobial activity, bactericidal activity, antifungal activity, immunosuppressive activity, anticancer activity, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and anti-helminthic effects and are also used to prepare many Ayurvedic medicines. Ehanol extract of Piper betle L. leaves were prepared and its antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria were investigated. It was found that the leaf extract was effective against gram positive and negative microbes. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phytochemical compounds Flavinoids, Tannins, Steroids and Terpenoids. The presence of these phytochemical compounds suggests the possibility that phenolic compounds proved to be bactericidal. The experiment relating Piper betle L. leaves may be taken further in assessing the phytochemical component structure and properties and their role in bactericidal activity.

Dhani Ram Deka1, Pranjoli Das2, Probin Phanjom3 and Manash Pratim Sarma4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 360–364
S. R. Shinde*1 and M. V. Bhailume2
1-2 Department of Microbiology, PDEA’s Annasaheb Magar Mahavidyalaya, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are sources of many potent and powerful drugs. Carica papaya belongs to ‘Caricaceae’ family and it is commonly known as Papaya. Carica papaya is used in ayurvedic medicines from very long time. Carica papaya is used as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, diuretic, antibacterial, vermifuge, hypoglycemic, antifungal activity, antihelmenthic and anti-immunomodulatory etc. In the current study, aqueous extract acetic acid extract of leaves of Carica papaya plants were used to study antibacterial properties and phytochemical screening. Aqueous extract showed maximum antibacterial activity than the acetic acid extract against the test organisms. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of carbohydrates, sugars, fats, proteins, amino acids, steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds, organic acid (citric acid), vitamin ‘C’ etc. TLC helped in confirmation of presence of different constituents depending on the polarity of the constituents which are exhibited as number of resolved bands. Acetic acid extract showed highest amount of amino acids, fatty acid, glycosides and vitamin ‘C’.

S. R. Shinde*1 and M. V. Bhailume2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 365–370
Richa Shah1, Santhini S. Nair*2, Malay D. Shah3 and Shweta A. Patil4
1-4 Department of Microbiology, Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Chembur, Mumbai - 400 071, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The present study focuses on Home Composting as a sustainable approach for Solid Waste (SWM) Management of kitchen waste at source. Five bacterial isolates were selected for microbial consortia preparation from amongst 15 isolates based on enzyme production (viz. Cellulase, Amylase, Protease, Pectinase, and Lipase) and their mutual compatibility as analyzed by the antagonistic assay. Two consortia Type 1 and Type 2 augmented along with an activator like cow dung were prepared and their potential for kitchen waste degradation was monitored in comparison with control for two weeks. The organic manure generated in consortium type 2 was greater than the amount generated by consortium type 1. The manure generated was further tested for plant growth-promoting ability and was found to be effective. This study signifies the scope of the developed consortia, to promote home composting in providing a solution to tackle the solid wastes at the immediate source of generation without producing foul odor, thereby contributing to sustainably reducing the burden on the Municipal dumping grounds.

Richa Shah1, Santhini S. Nair*2, Malay D. Shah3 and Shweta A. Patil4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 371–377
Naveen Kumar1, Vasu Siotra2 and Mansoor Ahmad*3
1-3 Department of Geography, University of Jammu, Jammu - 180 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Abstract
Water is one of the most valuable resources. It covers over 75% of the earth's surface, although just 2.5 percent of all water is fresh in nature. Most of this fresh water resource is in the form of ice and snow, which is inaccessible to mankind, therefore, groundwater becomes increasingly important due to its accessibility. Over the years groundwater has got contaminated due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, high population, and advanced techniques in agriculture. Around 37.7 million people in India are affected by water-borne diseases, which kill 1.5 million people each year. Groundwater quality is being analyzed all around the world to understand its distribution and level of contamination. Chemical, biological, and physical properties of water are used to assess the quality of water in a specific area. In our study weighted arithmetic water quality index method has been used for overall water quality analysis in a more easy and reasonable manner. Values in weighted arithmetic water quality index method ranges from 0 to more than 100. The output value near 0 represents excellent water quality and the values approaching 100 represents very poor water quality. In our study water samples from the Kandi area showed a low water quality index ranging from 10.87 to 43.81 with an average of 28.85 while the water quality index values of Outer plains range from 43.13 to 94.47 having an average of 57.77. Thus, the hand pumps are good in water quality and therefore suitable for drinking purposes in the Kandi area. On the other hand, the water quality of handpumps in the Outer Plains varies from good to very poor water quality category and hence the water from most handpumps in the Outer Plains is unfit for drinking purpose. The study provided an insight about the status of water quality of handpumps which can be used for proper planning and management of water for sustainable water development.

Naveen Kumar1, Vasu Siotra2 and Mansoor Ahmad*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 378–382
Mansoor A. Malik*1, Abdul Hamid Wani2, Nayeema Jan3 and Mohd Yaqub Bhat*4
1-4 Section of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal - 190 006, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Abstract
Soil is one of the important components of environment which affect growth and development of plants. The soil testing is one of the chemical processes in which the suitability of essential nutrients is determined. The objective of this research is to analyze physiochemical properties including pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, soil moisture, organic carbon, macronutrients (P, K, S) and micronutrients (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) in order to understand the suitability of soil for growth of threatened medicinal plant species in the study area. A total of 15 composite rhizospheric soil samples of two medicinal plants were collected and categorized into low, medium and high altitudinal soils. Variation existed in the estimated chemical parameters due to varied ecological conditions. The soil samples collected from low land and medium land soils were neutral to slightly alkaline, while those of high land were acidic. All soils were high in organic carbon and medium in available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. However, the study data showed that soil exchangeable manganese was maximum in Gulmarg and Doodhpathri whereas least was found in KUBG. Likewise, the higher iron, zinc and copper contents were reported at Gulmarg and least at other two studied sites. Therefore, the present study may act as baseline for artificial cultivation and conservation of the studied threatened medicinal plants by making appropriate soil amendments in near future after proper investigation.

Mansoor A. Malik*1, Abdul Hamid Wani2, Nayeema Jan3 and Mohd Yaqub Bhat*4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 383–387
Vinodhini G1, Ajish Muraleedharan*2, J. L. Joshi3 and C. Praveen Sampath Kumar4
1-2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India 3-4 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Goldenrod (solidago canadensis) a member of the Asteraceae family and also an important landscape plant. Most of them are herbaceous perennial growing from woody caudices or rhizomes. Goldenrod is one of the popular commercial cut flowers and also an excellent filler material. Fillers add a textural contrast as well as it is said to be the backbone of floral decorations. In floriculture industries, postharvest losses of flowers are the major problem due to its highly perishable nature and it ultimately affects the quality and vase life of flowers. To overcome these issues proper postharvest practices are essential. Adding chemical preservatives to the holding solution is recommended to prolong the vase life of the cut flowers. All holding solutions must contain essentially two components sugar and germicides. The sugar provides a respiratory substrate, while the germicides control harmful bacteria and prevent plugging of the conducting tissues. Among all the different types of sugars, sucrose has been found to be the most commonly used sugar in prolonging vase life of cut flowers. The present experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar during 2018-2020. The experiment was repeated three times with five replicates in completely randomized design. the treatment consisted of five preservative chemicals viz., 8-hydroxy quinoline sulphate, citric acid, silver thiosulphate, Aluminum Sulphate and Gibberellic acid @ 200 ppm were used alone and also in combination with the treatment sucrose @ 4% along with control (distilled water). The results showed that all treatments had improved the keeping quality and vase life of cut flowers when compared to control. Among all these treatments. The results of the experiment revealed that T6 (Al2 (SO4)3 @ 200ppm + 4% sucrose) obtained the higher water uptake, reduced transpirational loss of water, water balance, fresh weight, lowest cumulative physiological loss in weight, flower freshness, flower discolouration, vase life and ornamental value compared to control.

Vinodhini G1, Ajish Muraleedharan*2, J. L. Joshi3 and C. Praveen Sampath Kumar4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 388–392
Rashk E Eram*1, M. Anwar Mallick2 and Biplab Sarkar3
1-2 University Department of Biotechnology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh - 825 001, Jharkhand, India 3 ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IIAB), IINRG Campus, Namkum Ranchi - 834 010, Jharkhand, India
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been widely applied in different fields of science, such as biotechnology, microbiology, environmental remediation, medicine, various engineering, and material sciences, because of their peculiar properties. For biomedical and ecotoxicological concerns, it is necessary to evaluate their biocompatibility at the molecular level. The green production of magnesium oxide nanoparticles is investigated in this study using Crescentia cujete leaf extract (MgONP). The synthesized MgONP has a dimension of 626 nm and a hydrodynamic diameter of 246 ± 12, according to FE-SEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS). MgONP was stable in fish medium, with a zeta potential of 19 ± 10 mV. The current work assesses the biocompatibility of produced nanoparticles using the zebrafish model, which is a well-established animal model for biocompatibility due to its quick development, transparency, and strong genetic similarity to humans. The influence of the produced nanoparticles on development was studied to determine biocompatibility.

Rashk E Eram*1, M. Anwar Mallick2 and Biplab Sarkar3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 393–401
Sharda Dubey*1 and Amarendra Nath Dey2
1-2 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Agar scientifically known as Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk, belonging to the family Thymelaeceae. It is an economically important native tree species of sub-tropical-tropical rainforests of northeast India. The species is included in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Aquilaria malaccensis seeds having recalcitrant in nature and viviparous. The species is also listed as ‘Vulnerable’ globally, ‘Critically Endangered’ in India (IUCN). Study was carried out in the Department of Forestry during 2015-2018. The aim of this investigation was to measure the variability of seedling traits. Collection of seed was carried out across the population of Aquilaria malaccensis throughout Mizoram, Nagaland, Assam, West Bengal and Tripura to select well represented nineteen seed sources viz. Basistha, Ganakpokhari, Hathipara, Hmarveng, Hybergyon, Islam nagar, Kumar ghat, Lanka, Lonigodam, Nagariborline, Naharani, Namti, Nazari, Nelbagan, Newdiakkawan, Rajabhatkhawa, Sephizala, Sukhana and Thikau, Juvenile phase study was carried out each respective seed source were raised in randomized block design to assess growth performance with respect to plant height (cm), collar diameter (mm), root length (cm), fresh weight leaf (g), fresh weight of shoot (g), fresh weight of root (g), dry weight of leaf (g), dry weight of shoot (g), dry weight of root (g), number of secondary root, number of tertiary root, number of branch, root length/shoot length ratio, volume index (cm.mm2), total biomass (g) recorded respectively range 40.05-45.42 cm, 4.95-6.43 mm, 20.01-22.9 cm, 3.92-7.53 g, 3.55-7.91 g, 2.35-5.20g, 1.22-2.34, 1.13-2.51, 0.79-1.74, 25.64-36.90, 221.05-358.57, 3.67-6.79, 0.42-0.51, 992.60-1897.19 cm.mm2, 3.13-6.58g.

Sharda Dubey*1 and Amarendra Nath Dey2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 402–405
Darling B. Suji*1, R. Jeya2, C. Praveen Sampath Kumar3 and R. Divya Bharathi4
1-3 Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Paddy is a very important cereal crop having the highest productivity in the world. India stands second in paddy production in the world and it is self-sufficient in paddy production. Generally, the success of paddy cultivation depends upon knowledge and adoption of recommended paddy cultivation practices by the farmers, but the so-called new farming technologies are still remaining unrealized due to many problems and constraints in the southern states of India. Paddy is commonly grown in a traditional way by majority of the famers in Pudukkottai. So, they were not much aware of the paddy farming technologies. Keeping this point in mind, this research study was undertaken to analyze their knowledge on recommended paddy cultivation technologies. Keeping this in view, the study was carried out selected six villages in Aranthangi block of Pudukkottai district. The sample size consisted of 120 paddy growers. The respondents were interviewed personally through a well-structured and pre- tested interview schedule. Arithmetic mean, percentage analysis, cumulative frequency, zero order correlation and multiple regressions were used for analyzing and interpreting the data. The study revealed that majority of the respondents was found to be middle aged, have possessed formal level of education. Majority of them were found to be small to marginal farmers with medium level of experience in paddy cultivation. With regard to the dependent variables namely knowledge and adoption both the variables had exhibited medium to low levels on recommended paddy technologies. out of the fourteen variables studied only five variables viz., age, educational status, social participation, mass media exposure, risk orientation was found to have significant and positive relationship with knowledge level of respondents. Among the significant variables, the variable social participation was found to be significant at one per cent level of probability.

Darling B. Suji*1, R. Jeya2, C. Praveen Sampath Kumar3 and R. Divya Bharathi4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 406–411
Vishal D. Bedre1, Balraj S. Khobragade*2 and Sudhir R. Bale3
1 Department of Zoology, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar - 414 001 Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar - 414 001 Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Vermicompost quality depends on the organic substrate acted upon by digestive enzymes in the gut of earthworms. Extent of enzyme activity varies depending upon the substrate and stage of vermicomposting operation. Keeping earlier observations in view, present study was undertaken to analyze enzyme activity in earthworm gut during various stages of vermicomposting of corn cob and cauliflower wastes using the earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae. During the vermicomposting operation, the gut content of Eudrilus eugeniae was sampled at pre-determined intervals for enzyme analysis. Enzymes such as amylase, invertase and urease were estimated using standard protocols. Present investigation revealed that corn cob waste showed better enzyme activity as compared to cauliflower waste. Quantitative analysis of the enzymes recorded maximum amylase and invertase activity to be 11.2 and 9.6 µg ml-1 min-1 and 8.33 and 6.46 µg ml-1 min-1 on the 30th day; whereas, maximum urease activity was found to be 3.8 and 6.1 µg ml-1 min-1 on the 45th day; in gut content of Eudrilus eugeniae fed on corn cob and cauliflower waste, respectively. Organic wastes generated in large amounts, can be used as good organic substrates in vermicomposting using the earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae, and thus be helpful in waste management.

Vishal D. Bedre1, Balraj S. Khobragade*2 and Sudhir R. Bale3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 412–414
Suman Karmakar1 and Chowdhury Habibur Rahaman*2
1-2 Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan - 731 235, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Habenaria gibsonii var. foetida Blatt. & McCann (Orchidaceae) is reported here from a hilly tropical forest of southern West Bengal (Susunia Hill, Bankura district). Although it was earlier recorded only from Darjeeling, the northernmost district of the state, falls in the temperate belt. So, it is the first report of this taxon in southern region of West Bengal and the report highlights the extended occurrence of this species from northern temperate belt to the southern tropical of the state. Present article embodies the additional distributional report of the species along with its concise description and photographs of different floral parts for its easy identification.

Suman Karmakar1 and Chowdhury Habibur Rahaman*2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 17-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 415–421
Rakh R. R.*1, S. M. Dalvi2, L. S. Raut3 and A. V. Manwar4
1 Department of Microbiology, Shri Guru Buddhiswami Mahavidyalaya, Purna - 431 511, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, Shri Guru Buddhiswami Mahavidyalaya, Purna - 431 511, Maharashtra, India 3 Department of Microbiology, Sant Tukaram College, Parbhani - 431 401, Maharashtra, India 4 Department of Microbiology, Dnyanopask College of Art’s, Commerce and Science, Parbhani - 431 401, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is one of the major phytopathogen of Groundnut causing Stem rot disease, which was tough to control by conventional means by applying fungicides. Therefore, in the present investigation, an effort is being made to search for effective control measures in terms of biocontrol agent for the Stem rot disease. In the present research, 58 Pseudomonas strains isolated from rhizospheric niches were screened for their biocontrol activity against S. rolfsii under in vitro conditions. One of the identified strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98 was selected for further studies because of its ability to content the mycelial growth of the pathogen significantly. During the In vitro dual culture study, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98 repressed the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii up to 94.44% in comparison to control. When the mechanism behind the biocontrol revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98 strain secreted Non-volatile diffusible metabolites, and volatile metabolites, which affects the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in dual culture. While confirming the in vitro results, pot assay being conducted which shows decrease in the percent disease incidence of stem rot due to Pseudomonas treatment from 40.16 to 54.54%.

Rakh R. R.*1, S. M. Dalvi2, L. S. Raut3 and A. V. Manwar4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 17-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 422–426
S. Ramkumar*1 and S. Ganesh2
1-2 School of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fertigation and consortium of biological inputs on yield attributes and flower yield of Edward Rose in Coimbatore from 2015 to 2020. The treatment combination consisted of three levels of the recommended dose of fertilizer through fertigation (RDFTF) gradients (125,100 and 75 per cent NPK), (RDF @ 178: 178: 356 kg NPK ha-1), recommended dose of microbial consortium which contains Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria (MC) @ 12.5 kg ha-1, foliar spray of Panchagavya (3 and 4%) and humic acid (0.4 and 0.5%) were laid out in randomized block design and replicated twice. The results revealed that the yield attributes viz., number of flowers plant-1 (2.10), single flower weight (2.42 g), 100 flower weight (242.47 g), number of flowers plot-1 day-1 (12.61), weight of flower plot-1 day-1 (30.58 g), number of flowers plot-1 year-1 (4603.56), yield of flowers plot-1 year-1 (11.16 kg), number of flowers ha-1 year-1 (3836303), yield of flowers ha-1 year-1 (9302 kg), were highest in the treatment with 100 per cent of RDFTF + MC @ 12.5 kg ha-1 + 4 per cent Panchagavya + 0.5 per cent humic acid (T12) when compared to the Control (T19). The results were found to be on par with the treatment which received 100 per cent of RDFTF + MC @ 12.5 kg ha-1 + 3 per cent Panchagavya + 0.5 per cent humic acid (T10).

S. Ramkumar*1 and S. Ganesh2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 427–429
A. Abinaya1, V. Sakthivel*2 and K. Kanagasabapathi3
1-3 Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
India ranks second in cashew nuts production compared to other countries in the world. It is also the largest supplier of cashew kernels to the major world markets. Information processing behaviour of cashew growers refers to all activities performed by the farmers for evaluation, treatment and storage of the scientific and technical information about the cashew cultivation received by them. A study was undertaken to analyze the information processing behaviour of cashew growers. The study was taken up at Cuddalore, one of the cashew predominant districts in Tamil Nadu State. A sample size of one hundred and twenty cashew growers were selected based on proportionate random sampling method. The study revealed that ‘weighing in the light of past experiences’ and ‘advantages of the message’ were the widely considered aspects for processing of information by majority of the cashew growers. The most widely used methods for information treatment were ‘cross checking with past experience’ and ‘discussion with friends and relatives’. In the case of information storage, majority of the respondents stored the information by ‘memorizing’ and ‘preserving information materials like booklets, leaflets etc’.

A. Abinaya1, V. Sakthivel*2 and K. Kanagasabapathi3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 430–439
Sathiya Sheela D*1, P. Viswanathan2, A. Vanitha3, K. Kalimuthu4 and E. Shanthi Priya5
1-5 P.G. and Research Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Coimbatore - 641 018, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The present study was initiated with an aim to highlight and document the indigenous and exotic fruits of the Nilgiri hills and their morphological features and the medicinal uses. During the study the Shola forests of Nilgiris were visited frequently and information was collected through semi directive, open ended interview among the people inhabiting in the study area. The details on common name, botanical name, family, habit, fruit type, indigenous/exotic and medicinal properties were tabulated. 125 edible fruit species belonging to 41 families have been reported. Among 125 fruits species reported, 42 species were exotic and 83 species were indigenous. Totally 73 tree species, 35 shrubs, 10 herbs and 7 climbers were observed among these. The reported wild edible fruits could be conserved and further validation need for better utilization and provisions of the documented knowledge.

Sathiya Sheela D*1, P. Viswanathan2, A. Vanitha3, K. Kalimuthu4 and E. Shanthi Priya5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 440–445
Ramya*1, S. Sathiyamurthi2, D. Elayaraja3 and M. Sivasakthi4
1-4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
This work was aimed to study the potassium quantity/intensity potential of the Manimuktha Nadhi watershed, Kallakurichi district, Tamil Nadu. A total 14 samples were collected randomly and it spread over the study area. For studying Q/I relationship of the soil, 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm K solution is prepared by using 0.01 M CaCl2 solution. The results revealed that the equilibrium activity ratio of potassium ranged from 0.59×10-3 to 21.31(mol L-1)0.5. Most of the soil sample, ARek is less than 2×10-3(mol L-1)0.5 indicating that K depletion was occur due to continuous and injudicious mining of K in the study area. The potassium buffering capacity of the soil ranged between 7.99 and 38.31 cmol kg-1/ (mol L-1)0.5 the Labile K (KL) values ranged from 0.14 to 0.625 cmol kg-1. The results indicated that the soil in the study area needed the continuous K application for sustainable crop field.

Ramya*1, S. Sathiyamurthi2, D. Elayaraja3 and M. Sivasakthi4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 446–449
S. Ramkumar*1 and S. Ganesh2
1-2 School of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram - 624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fertigation and consortium of biological sources on growth parameters, yield attributes and flower yield of Edward Rose in Coimbatore during 2015 to 2020. The treatments consisted of three levels of the recommended dose of fertilizer through fertigation (RDFTF) gradients (125,100 and 75 per cent NPK), (RDF @ 178: 178: 356 kg NPK ha-1), recommended dose of Microbial Consortium which contains Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria (MC) @ 12.5 kg ha-1, foliar spray of Panchagavya (3 and 4%) and humic acid (0.4 and 0.5%) were laid out in randomized block design and replicated twice. The results revealed that the morphological characters viz., plant height( 112.25 cm), number of primary branches (12.75), number of secondary branches (51.88), plant spread (251.50 cm), internodal length (4.76 cm), number of leaves (429.88), single leaf area (10.75 cm2), total leaf area (4936.85 cm2) and leaf area index (0.2468) were highest in the treatment with 100 per cent of RDFTF + MC @ 12.5 kg ha-1 + 4 per cent Panchagavya + 0.5 per cent Humic acid when compared to the Control, which recorded the least values of plant height (75.25 cm), number of primary branches (5.00), number of secondary branches (15.38), plant spread (139.75 cm), internodal length (4.24 cm), number of leaves (115.15), single leaf area (8.81 cm2), total leaf area (1027.56 cm2) and leaf area index (0.0514). The treatment which received 100 per cent of RDFTF + MC @ 12.5 kg ha-1 + 3 per cent Panchagavya + 0.5 per cent Humic acid (T10) was observed to be on par with the best treatment.

S. Ramkumar*1 and S. Ganesh2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 450–454
Angeline Kiruba D1, Malarvizhi T2, Nafisa Begam M. N*3, Philomena Joy Lindsey A4, Sharmila R5 and Rehina Sultana N6
1-6 Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore - 641 013, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae is one of the predominant bacteria that cause pathogenic infections in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants. This bacterium produces the toxin coronatine which force the plant to keep its stomata open through which it enters the plant. This infection gradually reduces the plant yield resulting in a great economic loss. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants infected by the bacterial speck pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato was identified by the appearance of the lesions on the leaves and fruits. The pathogen was isolated from the collected samples and confirmed after performing biochemical tests. Phages that target this pathogen were isolated by suspending the collected samples in PBS followed by double agar overlay method. Isolated phages were subjected to purification using polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and an increase in the phage concentration from 0.87*103 PFU/mL to 1.05*103 PFU/mL was observed. The concentrated phages were found to be stable when stored at -20°C in PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline) solution. The host range of isolated phages were tested by checking their lytic activity against beneficial pathogens such as Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis found in tomato plants. This study forwards the idea of engaging bacteriophages as effective biocontrol agents rather than employing the harmful chemicals to treat bacterial speck of tomato plants.

Angeline Kiruba D1, Malarvizhi T2, Nafisa Begam M. N*3, Philomena Joy Lindsey A4, Sharmila R5 and Rehina Sultana N6 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 455–459
M. Indira1 and R. Rajakumar*2
1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Biotechnology, Maruthupandiyar College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli), Thanjavur - 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The present study deals with isolation and characterization of feather degrading bacteria. A feather degradation bacterial strain was isolated from soil where poultry feathers were dumped by the poultry farms as a waste product. Sixteen native strains were isolated and their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics were completely studied according to Bergey’s Manual of bacteriology. These novel strains could be a potential candidate for degradation and utilization of feather keratin by screening the protease and keratinase enzyme activity. This bacterial strain was analyzed further studies and therefore promising strains for the management of feather waste through biotechnological processes.

M. Indira1 and R. Rajakumar*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 460–465
Sanjoy Saha*1 and Niranjan Roy2
1 Department of Economics, Debraj Roy College, Golaghat - 785 621, Assam, India 2 Department of Economics, Assam University, Silchar - 788 011, Assam, India
Abstract
Assam is primarily an agro-based rural economy where around 86 per cent of the total population still lives in rural areas. Using the secondary data from different sources the present study tries to find out the trends and determinants of agricultural wages of Assam. It has been observed that there is a significant gap between the agricultural wages of field labourers of Assam and India. Both money and real wages of male field labourers of Assam were very low till 2009-10. It is in the recent past only those wages have increased substantially for field labourers. Multiple factors could be attributed to this recent jump in rural real wages in Assam first continuous decline in participation of main agricultural workers, implementation of MGNREGA, rise in agricultural productivity, construction sector, urbanization, and rural literacy simultaneously contributed to the rise in rural wages. The regression analysis shows that the percentage share of agriculture and construction sector in district domestic product, rural male literacy, cropping intensity, irrigation intensity and have been impacting agricultural wage positively and significantly while land labour ratio impacts it negatively and significantly. On the other hand, a crucial factor like Agricultural Productivity and MNREGA although shows the expected sign but not significant. The study suggests that since there is a significant gap between national and state average wages, therefore, appropriate policies should be designed to arrest the gap. At the same, the government should take appropriate steps for increasing agricultural productivity which has a major bearing on agricultural wages along with the proper implementation of monitoring of MNREGA is also important.

Sanjoy Saha*1 and Niranjan Roy2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 466–475
G. Manisankar*1 and P. Vaishnavi2
1 Department of Agronomy, Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva Bharati University, Sriniketan - 731 236, West Bengal, India 2 Department of Agricultural Extension Education, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad - 580 005, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Biochar is a solid product obtained from pyrolysis of biomass. Biochar is a stable, carbon rich form of charcoal that is applied to soil. This carbon enriched porous material which can be used for a broad spectrum of applications, among which crop enhancement, soil improvement, soil remediation, carbon sequestration and pollution control were take the most important roles. Pesticide pollution and soil degradation are two major problems in the agricultural ecosystem. In addition to that, every year Indian farmers are adversely affected by various constraints in relevant to changes in monsoon, crop quality, declining crop production and soil fertility. Since they have no viable option to dispose the residual crop wastes in each season, they often resort to crop burning in North India and this causes a spike in air pollution every year. Application of biochar is the efficient and economical way to potentially manage these problems. Recently biochar gained interest and importance as a way to deal with agricultural ecosystem. Many studies have demonstrated the positive influence of biochar on soil quality, fertilizers efficiency, plant growth as well as soil microbiota. In worldwide research on biochar has increased drastically over the past decade. In India many numbers of studies in biochar have gone up in the past few years. The main objective of this review paper is to discuss the biochar features and its applicability in various agricultural practices in related to improve soil productivity, plant growth and development. From this review it could be concluded that, use of biochar in agricultural and environmental ecosystems is one of the viable options to improve soil productivity, plant growth and development. Available research evidences strongly justify that continuous research and development efforts need for understanding more about the benefits, potentiality as well as limitations of biochar and expanding its uses for agriculture in economical way.

G. Manisankar*1 and P. Vaishnavi2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 31-Mar-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 476–479
Pratyush Ghosh*1,2 and A. K. Panigrahi2
1 Department of Zoology, Chandernagore College, Chandannagar, Hooghly -7 12 136, West Bengal, India 2 Ecotoxicology and Fisheries and Aquaculture Extension Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741 235, West Bengal, India
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess the limnochemical profile of River Kaushiki, a distributary of River Damodar at pre-designated sampling sites, and to evaluate the impact of the pollution load on water quality of this river. The water quality data was collected from June-2019 to March-2020. Different limnochemical parameters were monitored in five sampling stations, namely Bahirkhanda (KD-1), Prasadpur (KD-2), Munshirhat (KD-3), Gobindapur (KD-4), and Banharishpur (KD-5). The pH range found in the studied stretch of the river indicated that it was sub-alkaline (6.77-8.24). Poor dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were evident at KD-3(1.73 mg /L) and KD-5 (1.91 mg/L). Total dissolved solids (TDS) levels ranged from 101.46- 423.51 mg/L. Relatively higher TDS and Electrical conductivity (EC) values were recorded during the post-monsoon months. KD-3 and KD-5 had shown high mean EC levels of 421.3 µs/cm and 453.2 µs/cm, respectively. High nitrate and phosphate concentrations were found in this river, particularly during the late monsoon or post-monsoon months at KD-3 & KD-5 sampling stations. The water quality of KD-5 and KD-3 sampling stations was relatively poorer than that of other sampling stations. Several processes like metabolic activities in water, synergies of pollution load, sediment characteristics regulate the water quality of this river. This study could provide baseline data if any monitoring and restoration programme for this riverine is undertaken in future.

Pratyush Ghosh*1,2 and A. K. Panigrahi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 480–486
Mukta Rani*1, Priyankar Raha2, Triyugi Nath3 and Arun Kumar Jha4
1-3 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India 4 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour - 813 210, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
Abstract
Organic farming aims at providing quality food along with sustainable soil ecosystem. A pot experiment was carried out in Inceptisol during rabi season, 2019-2020 with tomato cv. Kashi Vishesh using farm yard manure (FYM) and enriched vermicompost (VC). The experiment comprised of eleven treatments viz. T1 (control), T2 (FYM @ 4.5 g kg-1 soil), T3 (FYM @ 9.0 g kg-1 soil), T4 (FYM @ 13.5 g kg-1 soil), T5 (VC @ 4.5 g kg-1 soil), T6 (VC @ 9.0 g kg-1 soil), T7 (VC @ 13.5 g kg-1 soil), T8 (50 per cent N and recommended dose of P & K through fertilizers + 50 per cent N through FYM), T9 (50 per cent N and recommended dose of P & K through fertilizers + 50 per cent N through VC), T10 (50 per cent N and recommended dose of P & K through fertilizers + 25 per cent N through FYM + 25 per cent N through VC) and T11 (N, P & K from commercial fertilizers). Urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP) and muriate of potash (MOP) were used as commercial fertilizers. The results showed that the significant increment in plant height and dry matter production per plant and per unit area in unit time with treatments receiving FYM and VC at 90 days after transplanting. The study indicated that the application of enriched vermicompost @ 4.5 g kg-1 soil resulted in enhanced fruit yield (196.4 t acre-1). The soil organic matter and elemental stiochiometric ratio (N: P, N: S and P: S) were found to be affected positively with application of VC and use of enriched VC was more pronounced than traditional FYM in organic tomato production system.

Mukta Rani*1, Priyankar Raha2, Triyugi Nath3 and Arun Kumar Jha4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 487–490
G. Dhivya Barathi1 and S. Ranjith Raja Ram*2
1-2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Realizing the hybrid okra to increase productivity, the present experiment was undertaken with a fixed model i.e., line x tester mating system involving five line and four testers to identify the best heterotic combination. All 20 F1hybrids and along with their 9 parents and standard control (Arka Anamika) were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The results of the present study indicated the existence of significant differences among the lines, testers and hybrids. The heterosis over better parent varied from -10.41 per cent to 4.93 per cent for days to 50 per cent flowering, -17.68 per cent and 10.41 per cent for plant height at maturity, -16.89 per cent to 12.80 per cent for number of branches per plant, -22.05 per cent and 11.29 per cent for fruit length, -34.90 per cent and 10.19 per cent for fruit girth, -23.99 per cent and 20.16 per cent for average fruit weight, -6.15 per cent to 17.99 per cent for number of fruits per plant, -22.37 per cent to 6.74 per cent for number of seeds per fruit, -0.78 per cent and 30.85 per cent for 100 seed weight, -0.78 per cent and 29.85 per cent for fruit yield per plant. The superior hybrids identified through heterosis study were Krishnagiri local × Arka Abhay followed by Krishnagiri local × Arka Anamika and Karimangalam local × Arka Anamika.

G. Dhivya Barathi1 and S. Ranjith Raja Ram*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 491–493
Rakesh Kumar1 and Chandra Sen*2
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, Udai Pratap (Autonomous) College, Varanasi - 220 002, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
The economics of production and marketing of cucumber grown by small and marginal farmers have been analyzed. The net income from cucumber crop was Rs. 290753 on small farms and Rs. 326717 on marginal farms. The producer-retailer-consumer was the major channel followed in the disposal of cucumber. The net market margin was 76.70 and 78.50 percent received by small and marginal farmers respectively. The present study has been carried out for analyzing the production and marketing of cucumber crop grown by small and marginal farmers. The study is based on the information obtained from 30 farmers of Chiraigaon block of district Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. The cost of cultivation of cucumber on both small and marginal farms have been estimated. Similarly, the marketing costs and margins realized by small and marginal farmers have been estimated.

Rakesh Kumar1 and Chandra Sen*2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 08-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 494–497
S. Ranjith Raja Ram1, R. Eswaran*2 and G. Sathiya Narayanan3
1-3 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
An investigation was carried out to study the general and specific combining ability in Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) through Line × Tester analysis with seven lines and three testers. Six quantitative characters viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant in twenty-one hybrids and their parents are taken for the study. The analysis of variance showed significant differences among the genotypes for all the six characters studied. Based on high mean and general combining ability, the parents viz., H70-3, N 30-26 and VBN 2 were identified as potential parents. The F1 hybrids of the cross combinations viz., N 30-26 x VBN 2 and H 70-3 x VBN 1 was adjudged as superior. The above identified parents and cross combinations could be utilized in the future breeding programme for development of improved varieties.

S. Ranjith Raja Ram1, R. Eswaran*2 and G. Sathiya Narayanan3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 498–502
Meenakshi R1 and Selvam K*2
1-2 Department of Botany, School of life Sciences, Periyar University, Salem - 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
The present study shows that the role of wood degrading fungi which plays a vital role in maintaining the forest ecosystem. It acts as a decomposer and symbiotic relationship with other species. These findings showed that the selected fungi from the study area have great diversity and potential in the development of pharmaceutical and other curative products. The present study was intended to investigate the phytochemical screening of the different solvent extracts of selected wood degrading fungi. Preliminary phytochemical screening of selected extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates, glycosides, amino acids and proteins.

Meenakshi R1 and Selvam K*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 503–509
C. Shanmuga Sundaram1 and P. Nirmala*2
1 Centre for Research and Development, Department of Microbiology, Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Chennai - 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Padur, Kelambakkam, Chennai - 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Ipomoea pes-caprae (Linn.) Roth, sometimes known as beach morning glory, is a Convolvulaceae family mangrove related medicinal plant that thrives in tropical and subtropical climates. The leaves of I. pes-caprae collected from the coastal areas of Kalpakkam, Chennai, were prepared with various solvent extracts (hexane, chloroform, methanol) and aqueous extract and tested for phytochemical and antibacterial activity. The presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, quinones, phenolic compounds, tannins, and saponins in all the extracts is shown by qualitative phytochemical analysis. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins can be determined via TLC profiling. Methanol was found to be the most successful of the four solvents in extracting the most secondary metabolites. On Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the antibacterial activity of different extracts was tested in vitro. The zone of inhibition found by the agar well diffusion method differed depending on the plant extract, extraction solvent, and organism examined. Against Pseudeomonas sp., the methanol extract produced the largest inhibitory zone (3 ≥13 mm). These findings suggested that I. pes-caprae, which is wildly grown, could be a source of pharmacologically active phytochemicals.

C. Shanmuga Sundaram1 and P. Nirmala*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 510–513
Yasir Ayoub*1, Khanday Sadaf un Nisa2 and Zakir Hussain Khanday3
1,3 School of Business and Commerce, Glocal University, Saharanpur - 247 121, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh - 47 301, Punjab, India
Abstract
The present study entitled Consumer Satisfaction: Case of Restaurants in Jammu was carried in Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir. The study was descriptive type in nature and the total numbers of 150 respondents were conveniently selected for the study. The study found that highest numbers of respondents i.e., 34.67 per cent were “satisfied” with the taste of food within the restaurants. The highest number of respondents i.e., 29.33 per cent were “dissatisfied” with the “offers and discounts” offered by the restaurants. Furthermore, highest number of respondents i.e., 32.67 per cent said that “taste” of food is the factor affecting their satisfaction level towards the restaurants.

Yasir Ayoub*1, Khanday Sadaf un Nisa2 and Zakir Hussain Khanday3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 514–518
Varshitha D. N1 and Savita Choudhary2
1-2 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology, Bengaluru - 562 157, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Agriculture is the prime occupation of Indians. Majority in rural India is still dependent on the agriculture. A lot of research works on agriculture and crops happen every day. Agriculture in India is believed to be strengthened through modern agricultural practices. A lot of agricultural commodities are exported from India to all over the world. Indian beverages and spices are most popular agricultural products across the globe. Soil is the vital part of agriculture. Farmers can enhance their yield and income by knowing more about the soil. Farmers must be guided correctly regarding the soil health and crops so that unforeseen conditions can be avoided. If soil is tested and fertility rate of the soil with yield estimation is informed to farmer, it will be beneficial for him to continue the agriculture in right way. Based on soil quality and his other conditions farmer can choose the right crops and fertilizers for his land. In this paper we have discussed about the bagging approach which is a machine learning (ML) technique used for implementing soil fertility and yield prediction. We have considered some soil parameters such as pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium (NPK), humidity, temperature, organic carbon, moisture content and rainfall to predict the soil fertility and crop yield. We have also discussed about the test results and checked with other approaches of soil fertility & yield predictions to compare the performance of models.

Varshitha D. N1 and Savita Choudhary2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 519–525
Hitlar Rahaman Bosunia*1
1 Department of Chemistry, Raiganj University, Raiganj -733 134, West Bengal, India
Abstract
Rice is a basic food item for human consumption cereal that is extensively cultivated in different parts of Dinajpur and Lalmonirhat districts. It is widely cultivated traditional indigenous rice varieties by the local cultivars in the near past. This study presents a synoptic history of rice production experiences of these localities. It highlights the types of rice planted in the area and the changing patterns of rice production amongst the people for their food security. It also examines the challenges confronting rice production in Dinajpur and Lalmonirhat districts. The evolution of indigenous rice cultivation and change the rice cultivation from indigenous rice to high-yielding varieties (HYV’s) was discussed in the study. Such problems as food security, change of environmental condition, especially drought, flood, and lack of new technical knowledge are highlighted as challenges to cultivate the indigenous rice verities. Though the adoption of modern irrigation strategies by agricultural extension as a way of improving food security in these regions, and it is required to conserve the indigenous rice, and traditional knowledge that it can be used with modern technology-based agriculture to cope-up with climatic hazards.

Hitlar Rahaman Bosunia*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 526–531
Renu Kumari*1, Divya Fageria2, Kusum Kurdiya3 and R. A. Sharma4
1-4 Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur -302 004, Rajasthan, India
Abstract
Phyto-pathogens negatively affect the physiological properties and phytochemical compounds of plants, as a result, the productivity of plants decreases. In this study, primary metabolites including protein, carbohydrates, lipid, phenol, chlorophyll, and carotenoids were identified in infectious leaf parts of Pisum sativum L. and Solanum lycopersium L. plants and compared with healthy leaves individually. The results suggested that the pathogen of pea and tomato significantly affects the primary metabolites when compared with healthy leaves. It is concluded that phyto-pathogens caused a prominent agricultural impact on Pisum sativum and Solanum lycopersium.

Renu Kumari*1, Divya Fageria2, Kusum Kurdiya3 and R. A. Sharma4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 23-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 532–534
Rajsekhar Pramanik*1 and Ishwari Prasad Gupta2
1-2 Department of Botany, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi - 834 008, Jharkhand, India
Abstract
This paper reflects the comparative analysis of Phyto-sociological data of kuldiha and Hadagarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha, India. The main objectives of our study are to identify and classify the vegetation of both the sanctuaries under the Similipal Biosphere Reserve. The study was done following the standard methods which are widely adopted for the phytosociological study like quadrate method. The present study concluded with the fact that despite sharing the common vegetation which is the tropical moist deciduous forest, the dominant species of the sanctuaries differ. The dominant tree species of Kuldiha was found Terminalia tomentosa (IVI- 290.75) and at Hadagarh it was Shorea robusta (IVI-285.12). The potential anthropogenic factors influence of cattle and herbivores and the demon fire are rapidly engulfing the density of the vegetation and its aesthetic beauty. Prompt and effective actions are needed to be implemented to preserve both the sanctuaries from biodiversity loss.

Rajsekhar Pramanik*1 and Ishwari Prasad Gupta2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 535–539
Anila L*1 and M. S. Hashim2
1 Department of Biochemistry, NSS College, Nilamel, Kollam - 691 535, Kerala, India 2 Department of Biochemistry, Govt. College, Karyavattom, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 581, Kerala, India
Abstract
Cotton, the most important fiber crop of India plays a dominant role in its agrarian and industrial economy. Pest management approach of varying degrees of sophistication has been applied for insect control in all cotton-producing areas of our country. During the coevolution of plants and insects, plants have biosynthesized a number of secondary metabolites to serve as defense chemicals against insect attack. Plants appear to produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites as defensive weapons. Such defensive chemicals are far superior to the synthetic pesticides. It concludes that the isolated polyphenolic biopesticide from Streblus asper (PBSA) was found to have noteworthy insecticidal activity to Dysdercus cingulatus (red cotton bug) with an LD50 of 0.894 µg/insect by residual film technique and 0.595 µg/insect by topical application. Significant inhibition in activities of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and significant increase in the lipid peroxides (MDA) lead to the fact that Dysdercus cingulatus become more susceptible to the tested biopesticides. The present study has provided some basic information on the mechanism of insecticidal action of polyphenolic compound that will be useful to the development better management strategies. This may provide a useful beginning for the development of eco- friendly biopesticides.

Anila L*1 and M. S. Hashim2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 540–542
U. Muthyalu*1, G. Maruthi Ram2 and S. Narsaiah3
1-2 Department of Zoology (Entomology), Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 007, Telangana, India 3 Department of Zoology (Parasitology), Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 007, Telangana, India
Abstract
The weather parameters play an important role in application of pest management practices. The study on the influence of major abiotic factors viz., maximum temperature, minimum temperature, morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity, rain fall, rainy days, sunshine, wind speed and evaporation against insect pests of Bt Kaveri cotton hybrid. The results revealed that significantly negative correlation of aphids, whiteflies and mealybugs was found with all abiotic factors except sunshine. Significantly positive correlation of leafhoppers was recorded with rainfall, morning relative humidity, rainy days and evening relative humidity and not significantly positive correlation with minimum temperature. Thrips were found highly significantly positive correlation with sunshine and not significantly positive correlation with morning relative humidity. S. litura population was recorded highly significantly positive correlation with rainfall and all others were negative effects on S. litura population. Overall, all the abiotic factors except sunshine have shown negative correlation with pests of Bt Kaveri cotton hybrid.

U. Muthyalu*1, G. Maruthi Ram2 and S. Narsaiah3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 543–544
A. Chowdhury*1
1 Department of Zoology, East Calcutta Girls’ College, Kolkata - 700 089, West Bengal, India
Abstract
This study provides a preliminary knowledge on the diversity of ants in an orchard of alluvial soil. From the present study, it can be concluded that diverse vegetation supports greater ant diversity. But rapid and constant urbanization in this area leads to habitat destruction which has an adverse impact on ant diversity. This study is intended to serve as base line data for what was present during this period in a rapidly changing landscape. Detailed study may generate much more diverse ants’ fauna, which may consider as worthy to the taxonomic study on ants in West Bengal.

A. Chowdhury*1 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 30-Apr-2022

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences
Vol : 13 - Issue : 2 ; 545–547
Mohd Kashif*1, M. Z. Beg2
1-2 Department of Botany, Shibli National P.G. College, Azamgarh - 276 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Sugar industry is an agro-based industry that’s why it was propose to study the effect of sugar industry effluent on productivity, as irrigation medium in different dilution i.e., 20 per cent (T1), 40 per cent (T2), 60 per cent (T3), 80 per cent (T4) and 100 per cent (T5). The nutrient element generally present in the effluent are phosphorous, zinc, magnesium, iron etc. productivity per plant is affected with the irrigation of sugar industry effluent. Treatment T1, T2, and T3 showed significantly increase by 32.21 per cent, 59.12 per cent and 98.16 per cent respectively as compare to the control crop.

Mohd Kashif*1, M. Z. Beg2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Apr-2022