Issues

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1055–1058

Anshu Rani*1

1 Department of Botany, S.M.C.C. Government College, Aburoad - 307 026, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Pedilanthus tithymaloides is a promising petro plant which can be grown in arid and semi-arid climate of Rajasthan. Water stress has a definite impact on biomass production, though the extent depends on the magnitude of stress, its duration and the plant involved. Different levels of irrigation variously influenced the plant growth. A gradual decline in above ground plant part’s weight was observed at 75, 50, 25 and 10 percent field capacities. However, lowest level of irrigation (10 percent) favoured maximum percent dry weight in above ground part of the plants while percent dry weight of underground part was maximum at 100 percent field capacity. Higher level of stress (10 and 25%) favoured more hydrocarbon yield in comparison to well irrigated (50 and 75 percent field capacities). Plants irrigated at 10 percent field capacity exhibited minimum level of hexane extractables. Increasing levels of irrigation exhibited greater fall in sugar accumulation. Maximum sugars were obtained in the 10 percent field capacity provided plants.

Anshu Rani*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1059–1064

Rajendrabhai Daulatbhai Vasait*1

1 Department of Microbiology, Karmveer Abasaheb A. N. M. Sonawane Arts, Commerce and Science College, Satana - 423 301, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Dalchini), Syzygium aromaticum (Clove), and Vetiveria zizanioides (Khus Khus) are commonly used as spices in the preparation of a variety of foods. The variety of spices includes clove, black pepper, ginger, cardamom, vetiver, cinnamon, turmeric, cumin, chili, and so on. Each of them has characteristic properties; some are added to enhance flavour, some are colouring agents, while others play the role of preservatives and also provide a distinctive aroma. In the phytochemical analysis of crude extracts, the presence of carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and saponins was determined. Clinical isolates of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Salmonella paratyphi B, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as test organisms for antibacterial testing, and all test organisms were found sensitive to crude extracts of the spices Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Syzygium aromaticum, and Vetiveria zizanioides. A methanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum was found to be moderately antibacterial; the higher diameter of the zone of inhibition measured was 29 mm against E. coli. The methanolic extract of Syzygium aromaticum exhibited a 26-mm-diameter inhibition zone against E. coli, whereas an ethanolic extract of Vetiveria zizanioides exhibited a 23-mm-diameter inhibition zone against Salmonella paratyphi B.

Rajendrabhai Daulatbhai Vasait*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1065–1070

Patidar D.K.*1, Sharma R.2, Soni N.3 and Thakur R.4

1-2 Department of Horticulture, OPJS University, Churu - 331 303, Rajasthan, India 3 AICRP on Fruit Grape, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India 4 Horticulture, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chandan Nagar, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The experiment entitled “Impact of plant growth regulator and rooting media on shoot characters of cuttings of grape (Vitis vinifera L.)” was carried out during 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 at Grape Field Choudhary Farm Bahadari, Mandsaur (M.P.). The present experiment was laid down in randomized block design (Factorial) with three replication and twenty treatment combinations. In these treatments five concentrations auxin levels was used i.e., Control G0, 1000 ppm IBA G1, 2000 ppm IBA G2, 3000 ppm IBA G3 and 4000 ppm IBA G4. Four types of rooting media i.e., Soil M0, Soil + Vermicompost (1:1) M1, Sand + Vermicompost (1:1) M2 and Soil + Sand + Vermicompost (1:1:1) M3. The observations were recorded days taken to start sprouting, days taken to 50% sprouting, percentage of success of cutting, no. of shoots per cutting, no. of leaves per shoot and total no. of leaves per cutting. Application of PGR the better result of shoot growth was observed in the treatment of G4 (4000 ppm IBA) such shoot characters like days taken to start sprouting (11.24), days taken to 50% sprouting (16.24), percentage of success of cutting (75.31), no. of shoots per cutting (2.63), no. of leaves per shoot (12.66) and total no. of leaves per cutting (38.49), application of rooting media the maximum growth of shoots was observed in treatment M3 (soil + sand + vermicompost (1:1:1) such shoot characters days taken to start sprouting (12.61), days taken to 50% sprouting (17.60), percentage of success of cutting (73.07), no. of shoots per cutting (2.21), no. of leaves per shoot (12.46) and total no. of leaves per cutting (33.01). In the combined application of PGR and rooting media the shoot growth of different characters days taken to start sprouting (11.11), days taken to 50% sprouting (16.26), percentage of success of cutting (77.18), no. of shoots per cutting (2.83), no. of leaves per shoot (13.14) and total no. of leaves per cutting (42.88) was found in M3G4 (soil + sand + vermicompost (1:1:1) + 4000 ppm IBA).

Patidar D.K.*1, Sharma R.2, Soni N.3 and Thakur R.4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1071–1077

M. B. Deshmukh1, S. S. Chaouwan2 and Bhagawan Patil*3

1-3 Department of Agrochem and Pest Management, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur - 416 004, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

New molecules with promising insecticidal properties are being sought after, a set of Substituted imidazo[2,1-c][124]triazole analogues were synthesized, which were constructed by starting material imidacloprid and bio-assayed. Synthesized molecules be confirmed with diverse modern investigative method like FT-Infrared, Proton NMR, Carbon 13 NMR & Mass spectrometry data. The entire prepared molecule is screen to investigate their Insecticidal & anti-bacterial activity. The bioassay tests showed that synthesized compounds Chloro (4b&C) and nitro(4d&4e) substitution showed higher bioactivities than imidacloprid against H. armigera (Hub), Mealybugs, Mango hoppers and Tobacco and Tomato bacterial wilt. The results of biological activity were statistically interpreted. Compounds substituted with electron withdrawing group exhibited potential vector control agents.

M. B. Deshmukh1, S. S. Chaouwan2 and Bhagawan Patil*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 01-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1078–1083

Abhishek Shukla1, Shweta Patil2, Dona Joseph3, Riddhi Bharani4 and Malay Shah*5

1-3,5 Department of Microbiology, Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mumbai - 400 071, Maharashtra, India 4 Department of Mathematics, Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mumbai - 400 071, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Actinorhizal plants such as Casuarina offer the dual benefit of increasing the nitrogen content of soils as well as bringing about phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. These plants and their bacterial symbionts (Frankia spp.) have been studied in many parts of India, particularly in the southern states. However, to the best of our knowledge, no such study has been conducted in Maharashtra. In this work, two Frankia spp. were isolated from the root nodules of Casuarina trees from Palghar region in Maharashtra. The isolates, named FDM and FTW, were found to be closely related to Frankia asymbiotica and Frankia sp. Cal.1, respectively. Both the isolates were found to be heavy metal tolerant (0.5 mM of Cd, 1 mM of Cu, 2 mM of Pb and Zn, and 0.5-1 mM of Ni). They were also found to enhance seed germination of Casuarina equisetifolia. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of Frankia on seed germination has not been reported in any previous study. The Frankia isolates FDM and FTW also enhanced the stem length of Casuarina equisetifolia plantlets by 184% and 52.28% respectively. Since the isolates show the dual advantages of heavy metal tolerance and plant growth promoting abilities, they have the potential to be used for promoting the growth of Casuarina plants, which in turn can be employed for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.

Abhishek Shukla1, Shweta Patil2, Dona Joseph3, Riddhi Bharani4 and Malay Shah*5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1084–1087

Patidar D.K.*1, Sharma R.2, Soni N.3, Thakur R.4 and Haldar Ajay5

1-2 Department of Horticulture, OPJS University, Churu - 331 303, Rajasthan, India 3 AICRP on Fruit Grape, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India 4 Horticulture, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chandan Nagar, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India 5 Department of Horticulture, G. H. Raisoni University, Saikheda, Chhindwara - 480 337, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present investigation entitled “Study of plant growth regulator and rooting media on growth and survival percent of cuttings of grape (Vitis vinifera L.)” Was carried out during 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 at Grape Field Choudhary Farm Bahadari, Mandsaur (M.P.). The experiment was laid down in factorial randomized block design with three replication and twenty treatment combinations. In these treatments five concentrations auxin levels was used i.e., Control G0, 1000 ppm IBA G1, 2000 ppm IBA G2, 3000 ppm IBA G3 and 4000 ppm IBA G4. Four types of rooting media i.e., Soil M0, Soil + Vermicompost (1:1) M1, Sand + Vermicompost (1:1) M2 and Soil + Sand + Vermicompost (1:1:1) M3. Observations of Growth Characters i.e., Leaf area index (LAI), Leaf area duration (LAD), Crop growth rate and survival percent of cuttings (CGR). Result obtained that in the pooled basis the maximum growth was observed in PGR application of G4 (4000 ppm IBA) found better in all the growth characters such as leaf area index 60 DAS and 120 DAS (0.282 and 0.326), Leaf area duration (2436.63), crop growth rate (0.192) and survival percent of cuttings (81.22%), application of rooting media the maximum growth was observed in the treatment M3 (Soil + Sand + Vermicompost (1:1:1) in all growth characters such as leaf area index 60 DAS and 120 DAS (0.269 and 0.316), leaf area duration (2345.87), crop growth rate (0.180) and survival percent of cuttings (80.37%). In combined application of PGR and rooting media the result was analyzed in pooled basis in all characters of growth. The maximum growth of different characters such as leaf area index 60 DAS and 120 DAS (0.313 and 0.360), leaf area duration (2711.28), crop growth rate (0.229) and survival percent of cuttings (86.27%) was found in M3G4 (Soil + Sand + Vermicompost (1:1:1) + 4000 ppm IBA).

Patidar D.K.*1, Sharma R.2, Soni N.3, Thakur R.4 and Haldar Ajay5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1088–1095

Aditi Kothari Chhajer*1, Shalini Sen2, Reema Kumar3, Nandini Sharma4, Vidhi Wadhavan5, Prishita Sharma6 and Taruna Saini7

1 Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara College, Delhi University-South Campus, Delhi - 110 021 2 Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, Delhi University-South Campus, Delhi - 110 021 3 Department of Civil Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada 4-7 Department of Biological Sciences, Sri Venkateswara College, Delhi University-South Campus, Delhi - 110 021

Abstract

A subsidiary discipline that arose as a combination of biotechnology and nano-science is of “nano-biotechnology”, which involves wide-ranging applications of the physicochemical properties of nanostructures in the agricultural and biomedical domains. Nanotechnology has seen numerous breakthroughs and developments in a short course of time and given rise to newer branches of scientific research. Carbon derived nanomaterials, especially nanotubes (CNTs) have arisen as extremely promising nanostructures with a wide range of applications because of their unique properties. The thoughtful employment of CNTs, in the arena of plant development has resulted in an improvement in the growth parameters of diverse groups of plants. The uptake of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) influences the output of plants, potentially through interactions between the plant DNA and CNTs. The current review suggests the possibility of employing CNTs as a growth stimulating additive when administered in low doses, along with explaining the background of their occurrence and useful attributes. The review focusses on the potential of CNTs in transforming agricultural practices in the near future and providing sustainable solutions to some of the most serious problems plaguing plant growth and development. Finally, it emphasizes on the need for a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms which would pave the way for the use of these materials in agriculture, emerging as a novel technology.

Aditi Kothari Chhajer*1, Shalini Sen2, Reema Kumar3, Nandini Sharma4, Vidhi Wadhavan5, Prishita Sharma6 and Taruna Saini7 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 02-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1096–1101

Uma Maheswari Rajadurai*1, Nevetha Ravindran2 and Jenifer Packiaraj3

1-3 Department of Biotechnology, Cauvery College for Women, (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

In our present study, the in vitro micro tuber of Dioscorea oppositifolia L. was successfully produced with a combination of Benzyl Aminopurine (BA) 3.0 mg/l along with Gallic acid 3(GA3)- 3.5mg/l in MS medium produced the weight fresh weight micro-tubers of 456.2 ±1.0 mg. Now a days, recent interest for pure silver nanoparticles synthesis focused on tissue-cultured plant source. Eco- friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from in vitro plants plays a major role in the advancement of drug development research. In the present study, the preparation of green silver nanoparticles by using tuber extract of in vitro raised Dioscorea oppositifolia L. is the novel work. This is the first report of producing silver nanoparticles from in vitro micro tuber extract of Dioscorea oppositifolia L. The in vitro method of synthesized silver nanoparticles was characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS). The UV/Vis spectrum at 430 nm is the confirmation spectrum of silver nanoparticles. FT-IR peaks ranging from 1000-4000 cm-1 which showed the presence of alkaloid and steroidal saponin which act as a reducing agent required for the silver nanoparticles synthesis. The size of the silver nanoparticle was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and the 3D structure of silver nanoparticles was predicted by Scanning Electron Microscope. SEM and TEM results infer that synthesized in vitro silver nanoparticles were predominantly spherical with an average size of 42.56 nm.

Uma Maheswari Rajadurai*1, Nevetha Ravindran2 and Jenifer Packiaraj3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1102–1107

Vasu Siotra*1 and Shashi Prabha2

1-2 Department of Geography, University of Jammu - 180 006, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract

In densely populated countries like India, expanding agricultural land is a daunting task. To overcome this challenge, enhancing agricultural infrastructure and diversifying the agriculture sector are crucial for improving agricultural productivity. Agricultural diversification not only reduces the risk of crop failure but also enhances the financial situation of farmers, making it a key strategy for agricultural sector growth. Furthermore, it positively impacts social and environmental conditions within communities. This study focuses on examining agricultural infrastructure and diversification at the block level in the Kathua District. Using the Gibbs-Martin index, agricultural diversification was assessed, while a composite index measured the level of agricultural infrastructure. The findings reveal that in the Kathua District, there is no direct correlation between agricultural infrastructure and diversification. Some blocks, such as Barnoti, Billawar, and Kathua, exhibit a perfect positive association between infrastructure and agriculture diversification. Conversely, blocks like Marheen, Nagri, and Dinga Amb demonstrate a perfect negative association. These results indicate the need to address specific challenges and requirements in each block to foster sustainable agricultural growth. This approach will benefit farmers and contribute to the overall socio-economic and environmental well-being of the communities in the Kathua District.

Vasu Siotra*1 and Shashi Prabha2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1108–1111

Arshad Ali Haider1 and Md. Humayoon Akhtar*2

1 Department of Zoology, Maharashtra College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mumbai Central (E), Mumbai - 400 008, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Zoology, Koshi College, Khagaria, Munger University, Munger - 851 205, Bihar, India

Abstract

In the present study genus Pseudoshirakia Achterberg (1983) is reported for the first time from India with description of two new species Pseudoshirakia bengalensis sp.nov. and P. aligarhensis sp.nov. This genus is known only from its type species from the Palearctic (Japan, China) and Oriental (Taiwan) regions. The genus was raised by Achterberg (1983) to accommodate Bracon yokohamensis Cameron (1910) known from China, Japan and Taiwan. as its type species.

Arshad Ali Haider1 and Md. Humayoon Akhtar*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1112–1117

P. G. Geegi*1, A. Benno Susai Vijayakumar1, T. Antony Diwakar Chandran1, Asha Monica A2, P. Elakkiya3 and T. Prabhash4

1 Department of Biochemistry, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous) Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy - 620 002, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru Jn, Tirunelveli - 627105, Tamil Nadu, India 4 Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Trichy - 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Traditional Medicinal System (TMS) has been practiced for centuries and is a longstanding companion in the fight against diseases. India possesses the Indian System of Medicines (ISM), which includes Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Naturopathy, and Homoeopathy. Aloe vera and Terminalia chebula herbal formulation are traditional herbs used for various ailments. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from the Aloe vera and Terminalia chebula herbal formulation. Silver nitrate and leaf aqueous extracts were used as a precursor and capping reducing agent, respectively. The AgNPs were characterized using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV), Particle size Analyzer (DLS), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the anti-carcinogenic potential of the Aloe vera and Terminalia chebula herbal formulation against the MCF-7 cell line was evaluated through in vitro analysis.

P. G. Geegi*1, A. Benno Susai Vijayakumar1, T. Antony Diwakar Chandran1, Asha Monica A2, P. Elakkiya3 and T. Prabhash4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1118–1122

Y. Ravi Kumar*1, K. Rama Mohan2 and K. S. V. Krishna Rao3

1 Department of Chemistry, Rayalaseema University Kurnool - 5180 02, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Hydro Geochemistry Group, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 3 Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa - 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

The spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall plays a crucial role in understanding the hydrological dynamics of river basins. In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal pattern of rainfall in the Handri River Basin using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The objective was to gain insights into the variability and trends of rainfall patterns over a specific period. Remote sensing data from satellite-based sensors were utilized to estimate precipitation patterns in the study area. These data were processed and analyzed using GIS tools to generate rainfall distribution maps. The study covered a multi-year period, allowing for an assessment of long-term trends and seasonal variations. The results revealed significant spatial variations in rainfall across the Handri River Basin. High rainfall zones were identified in certain regions, while others exhibited relatively lower precipitation levels. The analysis of temporal patterns indicated notable inter-annual and seasonal variations in rainfall distribution. Certain years showed significant deviations from the average precipitation, suggesting the presence of climatic anomalies or extreme weather events. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of incorporating remote sensing and GIS techniques for accurate and reliable assessment of rainfall patterns. The integration of these technologies provided a comprehensive understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of precipitation, enabling effective water resource management and planning in the Handri River Basin. The findings of this research contribute to the existing knowledge of rainfall patterns in the study area and can serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, water resource managers, and researchers involved in hydrological studies. The study emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring and analysis of rainfall patterns to develop sustainable water management strategies and mitigate the potential impacts of climate change on water resources in the Handri River Basin.

Y. Ravi Kumar*1, K. Rama Mohan2 and K. S. V. Krishna Rao3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1123–1127

Piyush Kumar Mishra*1 and Soneswar Sarma2

1 Department of Botany, Bhola Nath College, Dhubri - 783 324, Assam, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati - 781 014, Assam, India

Abstract

Cicer arietinum Linn (Bengal gram, Chick pea) of the family Leguminosae is an important nutritive pulse extensively used as a protein adjunct to starchy diets in India. It is widely cultivated in India; however, the presence of heavy metals like lead causes a decrease in yield of the crop. In the current situation, lead contamination in soil is resulted on a worldwide scale, causing a major threat to the agriculture sector reducing crop productions. Presence of lead affects different plants differently-some plants can tolerate lead stress whereas others are sensitive to lead. Lead stress significantly affects the early stage of plant growth such as germination and seedling growth parameters. Here in our work, the effect of lead nitrate on phenotypic parameters such as the seed germination percentage, seedling growth, fresh weight and dry weight of cotyledons and seedlings of Bengal gram were evaluated. Lead nitrate didn’t affect seed germination percentage however the seedling growth, fresh and dry weight of cotyledons and seedlings were affected significantly.

Piyush Kumar Mishra*1 and Soneswar Sarma2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1128–1129

Ashwini Kumar*1, Shiv Shankar Sharma2, Balmukund Tiwari3 and Kumar Kaushik Azad4

1-4 P. G. Department of Chemistry, Magadh University of Bodh-Gaya - 824 234, Bihar, India

Abstract

The present manuscript explains the synthesis of some novel 1,3,4- oxadiazole derivatives and assessment of their antifungal activity. In this study the semi carbazide (2) were cyclized with o-hydroxy aromatic acid (1) in presence of H2SO4 and ethanol to give 2-Amino-5-[2-hydroxy phenyl] - 1,3,4- oxadiazole (3), then the compound (3) reacted with aryloxy acetyl chloride to give corresponding N-[5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl ]-2-phenoxy acetamide [4a-e].The structure of synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR spectra and elemental analysis. These molecules were evaluated for antifungal activities.

Ashwini Kumar*1, Shiv Shankar Sharma2, Balmukund Tiwari3 and Kumar Kaushik Azad4 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 04-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1130–1134

Animesh Mondal*1

1 Department of Botany, Banwarilal Bhalotia College, Asansol, Ushagram, Asansol - 713 303, Paschim Burdwan, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Darjeeling is an internationally well-known hill station in the Eastern Himalayas. The Eastern Himalaya is a part of the total Himalayan range, a biodiversity hotspot area among the world’s 36 and one of India’s four biodiversity hotspots. Orchid flora in Darjeeling is very rich. There are 109 genera with 392 species of orchids reported from this area. Among these 20% are terrestrial and 80% among them epiphytic. Some species of Orchids are medicinally important and well-known to the Chinese before 2800 BC. Acampe papillosa, Acampe rigida, Aerides multiflorum, Arundina graminifolia, Bulbophyllum guttulatum, Coelogyne cristata, Cymbidium devonianum, Dendrobium aphyllum, Eria lasiopetala, Vanda coerulea, Vanda tessellate, Vanda testacea are highly medicinal important and commonly recommended to the local people by the local non-certified medical practitioners. Different plant parts of these orchids are used for curing different common diseases like fever, jaundice, skin infections, bone fractures, paralysis, wounds, stimulants, boils, blood clotting, cholera, boils, pimples, etc. of hill peoples. The bioactive compounds present in some orchids are used as anti-cancer or anti-tumor, some have anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation, neuroprotective, antimutagenic, antipyretic, etc. properties. However, the actual property of extracted compounds from some orchids is still not known. Therefore, this article aims to summarize the common orchids found in Darjeeling Hill and the use of these plants in traditional medicine. The traditional knowledge of medical sources re-established with modern scientific knowledge helps us to depend on those plants which are very much threatened in their habitat. The knowledge will help preserve the medicinally important orchids and their surrounding species, leading to habitat sustainability. Finally, the information can accelerate modern, pharmacological research and findings.

Animesh Mondal*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1135–1146

Avinash A. Raut*1, Rajnandini R. Patil1, Arif A. Mulani3, Vishakha R. Patil2, Sampada S. Shinde1, Kirti A. Yadav1, Kishor A. Sutar1, Jaysing U. Patil1 and Gajanan V. Mali4

1 Department of Microbiology, Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad - 415 124, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, Yashwantrao Chavan College of Science, Karad - 415 124, Maharashtra, India 3 Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s, Dr. Patangrao Kadam Mahavidyalaya, Sangli - 416 416, Maharashtra, India 4 UG & PG Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Yashwantrao Mohite College, Erandwane, Pune - 411 038, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The organisms were isolated from Jewelry molded waste and used for silver nanoparticle synthesis. The all isolated which was synthesizing silver nanoparticles were studied thoroughly. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by using nanoparticle tracking analysis and X-Ray diffraction measurements. The effect of various parameters in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with respect to temperature, salt concentration stability was evaluated. The isolates in 1mM showed temperature stability SPS1 in between 200 C to 370C while SPL1, HPS 1, HWP1, were found to more efficient at 370C. The isolates in 2mM AgNO3 concentration showed temperature optima in between 100C to 370C. In case of salt concentration effect 0.5 to 2.0 % salt concentration was used. The salt was added when the growth was observed in the form of turbidity followed by addition of 1mM and 2mM AgNO3 solution and incubated at 37oC for 24 hrs.

Avinash A. Raut*1, Rajnandini R. Patil1, Arif A. Mulani3, Vishakha R. Patil2, Sampada S. Shinde1, Kirti A. Yadav1, Kishor A. Sutar1, Jaysing U. Patil1 and Gajanan V. Mali4 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 04-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1147–1150

Md Nasim Ansari*1 and Jamaluddeen2

1-2 Department of Commerce, University of North Bengal, Siliguri - 734 013, West Bengal, India

Abstract

North Bengal accounts for approximately 80% of the state's pineapple area and production, accounting for nearly one-fifth of the country's 1.8 million tonnes yield. Despite this spectacular yield, the government does not reap the full benefits of international market conquest and the informal nature of sub-regional trade. Our study estimated the technical efficiencies of pineapple growers in North Bengal and identified some socioeconomic factors that influence them to maximize the benefits of pineapple production. The stochastic frontier production function approach with a cobb-Douglas production function was used to estimate pineapple producers' technical efficiencies, while the inefficiency model was used to determine the socioeconomic factors influencing technical efficiencies. Results showed 65.85% to 96.75% technical efficiency, with a mean of 84.25%, indicating that pineapple output was 15.75% short of the maximum. Production factors such as land, labour, fertilizer, and plant density positively and significantly impact pineapple output variability. The study suggests that improving efficiency necessitates policy intervention, primarily in education, marketing, credit accessibility, and infrastructural development.

Md Nasim Ansari*1 and Jamaluddeen2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1151–1155

K. Santhi1, K. Durgadevi1 and V. Ramamurthy*3

1-3 P. G. & Research Department of Biochemistry, Maruthupandiyar College, Thanjavur - 613 403 (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, and despite the advances in drug development, it is still necessary to develop new plant-derived medicines. Compared with using conventional chemical drugs to decrease the side effects induced by chemotherapy, natural herbal medicines have many advantages. In this study the anticancer potentials of plants were investigated against A549, HLC1 and PC14. Cytotoxicity of extracts was determined by MTT assay. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum possessed a moderate amount of anticancer activity and the IC50 value was recorded. The most potent anticancer activity was observed with the ethanolic extract of O. basilicum with IC50 values of 43.25µg/ml, 52.75µg/ml and 61.50µg/ml on A549, HLC1 and PC14 cells respectively. Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of large amount of phenols and flavonoids in the potent plant extracts which may be suggested to play an important role in their anticancer activities. These results suggest that Ocimum basilicum is a promising source of useful natural products offers opportunities to develop the novel anticancer drugs.

K. Santhi1, K. Durgadevi1 and V. Ramamurthy*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1156–1161

Labanya Pal*1

1 Department of Economics, Suri Vidyasagar College, Suri, Birbhum - 731 101, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The present study seeks to estimate the total factor productivity growth of West Bengal agriculture considering five major crops- paddy, wheat, rapeseed-mustard, potato and, jute for the period 2005-06 to 2018-19. The total factor productivity (TFP) growth is estimated using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and, further TFP growth is decomposed into the components of technical change, efficiency change and, scale change to identify the sources of productivity growth. The study draws motivation from the lack of research evidence to show the total productivity growth in the crop sector in the post-2000s. The estimation of TFP growth revealed that the TFP growth of West Bengal agriculture (all the selected crops taken together on average) is positive during the period 2005-06 to 2018-19. It is observed that all the selected crops except jute experienced positive TFP growth during the period under study. The decomposition of TFP highlights that all the crops except jute and potato have undergone a positive technical change. Pure technical efficiency change is zero for all the selected crops whereas scale efficiency change is positive for all the crops except jute. Thus, TFP growth occurred due to both technical change and scale efficiency changes for all the crops except jute.

Labanya Pal*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1162–1164

Rajnigandha1 and Khwaja Salahuddin*2

1-2 University Department of Botany, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga - 846 004, Bihar, India

Abstract

The study of parasitic plants and their ethnobotanical survey were accomplished in the vicinity of Raj palace of Darbhanga District of Bihar. The parasitic plants were seen in this region because of luxuriant growth of other host plants. Some parasitic plants have been reported and belong to family of Cuscutaceae. The morphological characters as well as their host were found out. Cucuta is a total stem parasite growing on Acacia nilotica and Cassia fistula etc. Some of the plants were explored with respect to treating incurable and chronic diseases. Seeds of Cuscuta were used in the treatment of osteoporosis and joint ailments. Cuscuta was found to be energizer for liver and kidney disorders. The aim of our study is to record the medicinal value of these parasitic plants. The ethnomedicinal importance of these parasitic plants were found out. The paste of overall plant of Cuscuta reflexa was used in case of swollen testicles. Cuscuta chinensis worked wonder as energizer for liver and kidney disorder. There plants were explored with respect to the treatment of chronic and incurable disease.

Rajnigandha1 and Khwaja Salahuddin*2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 05-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1165–1170

K. V. Madhusudhan*1 and C. Sudhakar2

1 Department of Botany, Government College for Men, Cluster University, Kurnool - 518 002, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Botany, S. K. University, Anantapuramu - 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Groundnut is frequently constrained by environmental conditions such as drought. Within this context, it is crucial to understand physiological mechanisms and identify specific physiological traits conferring drought tolerance. The objective of this study was to investigate photosynthetic responses and physiological changes of two groundnut cultivars (drought tolerant cv. K-134 and drought sensitive cv. JL-24) subjected to different regimes of water stress conditions for a duration of 12 days. A gradual reduction in leaf water potential (ΨL), leaf area, leaf dry mass accumulation (LDW), total chlorophyll (Chl) content, net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance(gs) and transpiration rate (E) was observed. The magnitude of reduction was comparatively greater in sensitive cultivar (JL-24). In both cultivars, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was unaffected by mild stress but significantly elevated by severe stress. Water use efficiency (WUE) representing the mesophyll efficiency was greater in the tolerant cultivar K-134. The root length and dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) reduction by photosystem II (PSII) were significantly decreased only at a severe stress in both cultivars. Our results indicated the involvement of stomatal and/or non-stomatal components in decline of photosynthesis and differed between cultivars. The relationship between water stress and this metabolism is presented in the light of differential physiological responses of the investigated cultivars.

K. V. Madhusudhan*1 and C. Sudhakar2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1171–1175

N. Thavapudalvi*1, S. Vasantha2, V. Ambikapathy3, P. Prakash4 and A. Kanmani5

1-3 P.G. & Department of Botany, A. V. V. M Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024), Tamil Nadu, India 4-5 Indian Biotrack Research Institute, Thanjavur - 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The current study deals with the GCMS and FTIR analysis of phytocompounds in methanolic extract of flower and seed from Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R.Br. Plants are used as medicines in various cultures and serve as a source of many potent drugs due to the presence of certain bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical industry. The methanolic extract of plant Anisomeles malabarica was prepared by using Soxhlet apparatus. GCMS and FTIR analysis were done to this plant flower and seed extract to find out the bioactive phytocompounds. Using GC-MS were identifying the important volatile constituents and identified compounds were retention time, molecular formula, molecular weight, peak area (%) and activities related to medicinal uses. The GCMS results showed 15 peaks in flower and 10 peaks in seed. The highest area peak (52.25) was presented at ANDROSTAN-17-ONE, 3-ETHYL-3-HYDROXY-, (5. ALPHA)- and lowest peak (0.57) were recorded at SILIKONFETT in flower extract. The maximum area peak (70.37) were recorded at 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- and minimum peak (0.21) were noted at Glycidyl oleate in seed extract. FTIR results of this flower and seed extract showed 13 peaks indicate the presence of the bioactive compounds. The strongest peak is presented at the range of 1020.21 cm-1 in flower extract and 1019.04 cm-1 in seed extract. It was concluded that, an important traditional medicinal plant with an important source of phytocompounds is Anisomeles malabarica.

N. Thavapudalvi*1, S. Vasantha2, V. Ambikapathy3, P. Prakash4 and A. Kanmani5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1176–1181

Kavya M1, Rupa R2, Pavithra B3, Nikhitha K. V4, Nivetha J. D5 and Bindhu J*6

1-6 Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore - 641 062, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The main aim of the current study is to investigate the ability of extract from Carica papaya leaves. Various sections of papaya have been used as ethnomedicine for a variety of disorders including cancer and dengue. There are many patients with advanced cancers achieving suspension followed by drinking the tea extract of papaya leaves. Initially, extract of the leaves was subjected to phytochemical tests, Gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Phytochemical tests indicate the presence and absence of the compounds like alkaloids, flavanoids, terpenoids and many more. GCMS classifies ions based on their mass to charge ratio and ionizes atoms, molecules, ions and other chemical compounds to estimate their bio-actives and molecular weights. FTIR confirmed the structural groups by peak values indicating groups such as alcohol, phenol, alkanes, proteins and isopropyl were found. Studies shows that Carica papaya leaves are a potent antimicrobial agent with wide variety of medicinal bio-actives. The extract of the papaya leaves are also used to cure a lot of illness such as eye infections, gastrointestinal problems, urinary tract infections, joint pain and the papaya leaves also have the properties to treat dengue and malarial fever. Carica papaya is rich in tannin, saponin, flavanoids, protein etc. The papaya leaf extract holds numerous nutritional values like magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese, zinc and vitamin A, B, C, E and K. It also contains good anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial properties.

Kavya M1, Rupa R2, Pavithra B3, Nikhitha K. V4, Nivetha J. D5 and Bindhu J*6 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1182–1185

Kehokhunu*1, P. K. Sharma2, Mamta Meena3 and Anchal Karol4

1-4 Department of Agriculture (Agronomy), Vivekananda Global University. Jaipur - 303 012, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to study the “Effect of different nitrogen levels and growth regulator on yield attributes and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties” at Research Farm, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur during Rabi season of 2018-19. Results showed that application of 100% RDN with recommended dose of P2O5 and K2O + foliar spray of CCC @ 1.25 l ha-1 at 35 DAS, being at par with 125% RDN with recommended dose of P2O5 and K2O + foliar spray of CCC @ 1.25 l ha-1at 35 DAS gave significantly higher plant height, total number of effective tillers p-1, ear length, number of grains ear-1, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield over control and 75% RDN with recommended dose of P2O5 and K2O + foliar spray of CCC @ 1.25 l ha-1 at 35 DAS in barley. However, test weight and harvest index of barley didn't differ significantly with the application of different treatments. Result further showed that RD 2035 was superior to local variety in respect to plant height, total number of effective tillers p-1, ear length, number of grains ear-1, grain yield, straw yield and biological yield. However different varieties did not bring any significant effect on test weight and harvest index.

Kehokhunu*1, P. K. Sharma2, Mamta Meena3 and Anchal Karol4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1186–1190

Nilanjana Prasad1 and Kashish Gupta*2

1-2 Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Noida International University, Greater Noida - 203 201, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The objective of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate antiaging cream using Alpinia galangal rhizome and Morshella esculenta mycelia. Methanolic extraction of plants was carried out using maceration. Cream was formulated using dried methanolic extracts, borax, beeswax and mineral oil. Moreover, the cream was evaluated for physical parameters, pH, irritancy, washability, viscosity, thermal stability, diffusion of active ingredients on nutrient agar medium and microbial contamination on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Luria-Bertani (LB) agar medium. Microscopic analysis of cream was performed. The formulated cream (pH 6.43) exhibited yellow color, smelt odourless, was smooth and thick in texture, non-irritant on the skin and easily washable. Sudden changes in viscosity of the cream were not observed. Furthermore, results from thermal stability studies showed stability of cream up to 60 0C. Besides, microscopic examination of the cream revealed no evidence of visual disturbances. Moreover, the cream was non susceptible to microbial growth. Finally, diffusion studies revealed no diffusibility of cream base with agar medium. In conclusion, cream prepared from A. galangal rhizome and M. esculenta mycelia might prove as an antiaging preparation. Our findings provoke strong requirement of future studies on these two plants and in vitro evaluation of antiaging formulation.

Nilanjana Prasad1 and Kashish Gupta*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 08-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1191–1193

P. Veera Lakshmi1 and K. Parani*2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Botany, Sri Parasakthi College for Women (Autonomous), Courtallam - 627 802, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abhishekapatti, Tirunelveli (District), Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

In the present study revealed that the effect of SMS on morphological indicators of sorghum seedlings. The highest percentage of germination (92%), shoot and root length i.e., 6.0 and 8.8 cm on 2nd week and 8.5 and 14.8 cm on 4th week of seedlings were observed in T3 spent Pleurotus mushroom substrate + Bacterial isolate I6 respectively as compared to other treatments. The lowest germination percentage 56% was seen in control T0 (only soil). The growth rate also lowered as in seen T5 oil palm mesocarp waste substrate alone i.e., shoot and root length recorded 2.3 and 4 cm on 2nd week and 3.4 and 6.8 cm in 4th week of seedlings. Both fresh and dry mass of plant differed significantly between treatments. To conclude that the SMS of Pleurotus sajor- caju of an excellent substrate for the production of sorghum seedlings, as it provides the formation of vigorous and quality seedlings. To conclude that the SMS of Pleurotus sajor- caju of an excellent substrate for the production of sorghum seedlings, as it provides the formation of vigorous and quality seedlings. Therefore, the SMS can be recommended for the growth and nutrition of seedling production.

P. Veera Lakshmi1 and K. Parani*2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 08-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1194–1198

T. Hemalatha*1 and S. Piramu Kailasam2

1 Research Department of Botany, Rani Anna Government College for Women, Tirunelveli - 627 008, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Computer Applications Sadakathullah Appa College, Tirunelveli - 627 008, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The early detection and accurate diagnosis of plant diseases are crucial for sustainable agriculture and food security. In this study, we propose a novel approach for detecting diseases in Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) fruits using a combination of K-means clustering, hue saturation value (HSV) color representation, and a Cubic Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The methodology involves segmenting disease-affected regions in tomato fruit images through K-means clustering and HSV color representation. This process aids in isolating regions of interest, where disease symptoms are prevalent. Subsequently, features are extracted from these segmented regions, and a Cubic SVM classifier is trained to accurately classify different types of tomato fruit diseases. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we conducted extensive experiments on a dataset comprising various tomato fruit diseases. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined approach, showcasing significantly improved accuracy and efficiency compared to traditional methods. The implications of this research are far-reaching, as the automated and reliable disease detection system presented here can potentially revolutionize agricultural practices. By enabling timely interventions, such as targeted treatments and optimized crop management, the proposed method may lead to increased crop yields and reduced economic losses. Over all, the work highlights the potential of leveraging advanced machine learning techniques in agriculture and sets the stage for future research and implementation of similar approaches to enhance crop protection and global food production.

T. Hemalatha*1 and S. Piramu Kailasam2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1199–1202

Maunata Ghorui1, Shouvik Chowdhury2 and Prakash Balu*3

1-3 Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai - 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

ROCs are a useful and widely used technique for studying mycorrhizal symbiosis in vitro. They offer several advantages over conventional plant cultures such as rapid growth, easy manipulation, low contamination risk, and high fungal diversity. They also provide a platform for exploring various aspects of mycorrhizal symbiosis such as fungal diversity, specificity, compatibility, physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and ecology. However, ROCs also have some limitations and challenges that need to be considered and overcome. ROCs are artificial systems that may not fully represent natural plant roots and soils. ROCs are also variable and difficult to reproduce due to different factors that influence their quality and performance. Therefore, ROCs should be used with care and combined with other methods to confirm and extend the results.

Maunata Ghorui1, Shouvik Chowdhury2 and Prakash Balu*3 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 09-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1203–1209

Sangita Lahiry*1

1 Department of Zoology, Banwarilal Bhalotia College, G. T. Road, Ushagram, Asansol - 713 303, West Bengal

Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), which parasitize plants, are a costly burden to crop productivity and pose a serious threat to the security of the world's food supply. Due to their intricate relationships with the host plants, extensive host range, and degree of damage caused by infection, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), cyst nematodes (Heterodera and Globodera spp.), and lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) rank at the top of the list of the most economically and scientifically important species. The identification of molecular elements involved in nematode parasitism and the distinction between genotypes of susceptible and nematode-resistant plants are now two major applications of genetic sequencing analysis. The dynamic and intricate nature of plant-nematode interactions has been greatly improved by these in-depth analyses. This review focuses on the application and promise of contemporary technologies, including biologicals, botanicals, non-host crops, related rotations, and modern strategies against PPNs in sustainable agro-ecosystems. This paper provides an overview of how they interact with other biotic and abiotic elements from the perspective of PPN management in order to assess their potential for control.

Sangita Lahiry*1 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 11-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1210–1213

Shubhada M. Seikdar*1 and Harihar S. Lunge2

1 Department of Mathematics, Sipna College of Engineering and Technology, Amravati - 444 701, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Statistics, Shri. Shivaji Science College, Amravati - 444 603, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

There are 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the framework for sustainable development. Goals, targets, and indicators for reducing poverty, attaining food security, sustainable agriculture, protecting the environment, promoting human prosperity, fostering peace, and other topics are included in the SDGs. The 2030 Agenda's central theme is sustainable agriculture, which is also the first critical step towards achieving zero hunger. The Indian economy's most significant industry is agriculture, where about 70% of the population makes their living from farming. Additionally, there aren't many work opportunities in other industries. Therefore, the agriculture sector needs to be examined from the perspective of sustainable development and some suggestions need to be made for its improvement. Wheat is considered as an important source of energy. So, it is really important to study the parameters of the production of wheat. Operation Research is utilized to make better decisions and to make the most use of the resources that are available. For the linked objective's optimization and the best use of the available resources, optimization techniques are widely employed in various fields.so, in the present study Linear programming problem provides the guideline about how much area of the farm should be used for each crop in order to maximize the production of any crop. Production of any crop can be increased by increasing the area under that crop or by increasing productivity.

Shubhada M. Seikdar*1 and Harihar S. Lunge2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1214–1217

Kalibo V. Yeptho1, T. Gohain2, Khrawbor Dkhar*3 and Lowrence Kithan4

1-4 Department of Agronomy, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University: Campus Medziphema - 797 106

Abstract

A field experiment entitled “Effect of different organic inputs on growth, yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under upland rainfed condition of Nagaland” was conducted at SASRD, Nagaland University during kharif 2018-19. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different organic inputs on growth and yield responses of rice and to determine the suitable organic inputs. The experiment consisted of seven treatments viz., T1: Control, T2: FYM @10 t ha-1, T3: Enriched compost @ 2.5 t ha-1, T4: Poultry manures @ 5 t ha-1 , T5: Pig manures @ 5 t ha-1, T6: Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1, T7: Green manures (in situ) which laid out in RBD with three replications. The results revealed that the tallest plant (49.67, 62.44, 115.99 cm) and highest number of plant population of 220.67, 283.33 and 273.33 plants m-2 was recorded from T6 and treatment T1 produced the lowest plant height and plant population. The treatment T6: Vermicompost recorded maximum number of panicles (250) and the number of grains panicle-1 (127.13). Application of T6: Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 recorded the maximum filled grain percentage (78.59), highest grain yield (38.44 kg ha-1), straw yield (53.87 kg ha-1) and harvest index (41.64) whereas the lowest was observed in T1. The gross return showed highest in T6 (₹ 66948.0), and T7 with green manuring was found to be highest with net return (₹ 33663.2) and benefit cost ratio (2.31) which may be due to low cost of inputs.

Kalibo V. Yeptho1, T. Gohain2, Khrawbor Dkhar*3 and Lowrence Kithan4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1218–1226

R. Rameshwari*1 and M. Keerthiga2

1-4 Department of Biotechnology, Cauvery College for Women (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 018, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The ongoing rise in cancer diagnoses, there is substantial disagreement regarding the efficacy of the many therapy options currently available. As a result, people are searching for substitutes for conventional cancer therapies like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Universally accepted as the foundation of therapeutic and preventative actions, medicinal plants. A member of the Annonaceae family, Annona muricata is well-known for its therapeutic benefits. Promising chemicals from A. muricata have been found, and they may one day be used to treat cancer. Alkaloids, phenols, and acetogenins are the most often found phytochemical substances that have been isolated from this plant and identified. This review focuses on the role of Annona muricata extract in the prevention of various cancers, the control of cellular proliferation and necrosis, and bioactive metabolites that have a variety of pharmacological functions in addition to their ethnomedicinal applications. Additionally, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which Annona muricata extract inhibits the growth of cancer cells by upregulating proapoptotic genes and genes that are involved in the destruction of cancer cells while downregulating anti-apoptotic genes and several genes involved in pro-cancer metabolic pathways. As a result, the A. muricata active phytochemicals have the potential to be used as a promising anti-cancer agent.

R. Rameshwari*1 and M. Keerthiga2 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 12-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1227–1233

B. Deepa*1 and K. Kanimozhi2

1-2 Department of Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24, Tamil Nadu), Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

In the present study, population density and physicochemical parameters of Mallipattinam east and west degraded shrimp shell soil microbes were performed. Most of our land is covered in soil, which is the most diverse and nutrient-rich loose surface material. Both organic and inorganic materials can be found in soil. In this study, a total of 12 (KD1 to KD12) bacterial strains and 25 fungal strains were isolated by using the dilution plating technique and identified by biological microbial systems from the standard manual. Results showed that the maximum bacterial (48) and fungal (81) strains were observed at Mallipattinam east degraded soil. The Shannon’s and Simpson’s diversity indices denoted by the symbols H and D were calculated. The various physicochemical properties such as colour, texture, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, copper, iron, manganese, cat ion exchange capacity, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were analysed from two different areas of a degraded soil sample. The maximum parameters were recorded in the Mallipattinam west degraded soil. It was concluded that during the whole study duration, shrimp waste was more readily used by the microorganisms living in sandy soil, which found shrimp heads to be the most valuable and shells to be the least useful. Compost made from shrimp shells is added to other compost to promote plant development.

B. Deepa*1 and K. Kanimozhi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1234–1240

Veena Chaudhary*1, Yeshpal2 and Nitin3

1-3 Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut - 250 003, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

SRF/CRF systems based on biopolymers have various benefits over traditional fertilizers. For starters, they increase fertilizer usage efficiency by lowering nutrient losses, which reduces the need for frequent applications. Second, they improve sustained nutrient availability, which ensures a constant supply of nutrients to plants, hence improving crop development, yield, and quality. Third, by decreasing nutrient runoff, leaching, and related water pollution, these formulations reduce environmental impact. Food demand is increasing at an exponential rate as the human population grows. Fertilizers are a critical component in meeting this rising demand and ensuring global food security. Many high-efficiency fertilizers have been created, including controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs). Although these fertilizers have several benefits over previous generations, their high manufacturing costs, as well as undesirable Their use has been restricted due to environmental and soil quality concerns. CRFs based on biopolymers are a new generation of fertilizers made by coating granules with biopolymers to solve these challenges. These compounds, in addition to controlling the rate of nitrogen release, improve soil quality and offset the detrimental effects of standard fertilizers. This article discusses recent advances in biopolymers and biopolymer-derived biopolymers used in coating technologies, as well as the parameters influencing release behavior through organic coating materials and the impact of coated CRFs on soil and plant development. This paper details the creation of a renewable and biodegradable biopolymer-based hydrogel for use as a soil conditioning agent and for the release of a nutrient or fertilizer in agriculture and horticulture. Hydrogels based on cellulose, which include several organic biopolymers such as cellulose, chitin, and chitosan, are hydrophilic materials that can absorb and hold a high quantity of water in their interstitial sites.

Veena Chaudhary*1, Yeshpal2 and Nitin3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1241–1243

Mehazabeen A*1 and G. Srinivasan2

1 School of Management, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi - 761 211, Odisha, India 2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Banana is the world’s favourite fruit, and the fifth-largest horticultural commodity traded globally. The famous Grand Naine banana variety is cultivated extensively in the Y.S.R Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh state. The overall objective is to study the production of Grand Naine banana in Andhra Pradesh. The specific objectives are to study the varieties preferred by sample farmers in the study area and to estimate the cost and returns of banana cultivation in the study area. The Andhra Pradesh state has been selected for the study as the universe. With regard to the selection of the district as the first stage, the Mandals in the district as the second stage unit, and the villages in the Mandals as the third stage unit. 320 sample farmers were selected randomly based on the probability proportionate method by using random number tables. The results of the study revealed that 87 per cent of the sample farmers preferred to grow the Grand Naine variety due to the high yield and high market price for this variety compared to other varieties. The cost of production per kg of banana was Rs. 3.81/- and net returns per rupee of investment was Rs. 3.45. It showed that cultivation of G9 banana is a highly profitable venture in the study area and the study suggested that uniform prices for the plantlets may be provided through Government interventions. The farmers in the study area purchased plantlets with wide price differences and the study suggested that uniform prices for the plantlets may be provided through Government interventions.

Mehazabeen A*1 and G. Srinivasan2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 14-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1244–1250

Mukul Mahabaleshwarkar*1,3, Nivedita Ghayal1,2 and Supriya Mahabaleshwarkar3

1 Annasaheb Kulkarni Department of Biodiversity, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Karve Road, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 3 Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) Pune Chapter, Kothrud, Pune - 411 038, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

India has an ancient tradition of conserving nature. Sacred groves are the patches of forests dedicated to a local deity. Sacred groves play an important role of supporting local biodiversity along with the cultural togetherness of local people. Sacred groves are threatened due to number of anthropogenic activities and lack of conservation priority. There are hardly any faunal studies done for sacred groves in Pune District. Faunal studies can provide baseline data for conservation planning. Present study attempts to record and analyze faunal elements such as birds, mammals, butterflies and frogs from sacred groves situated in different geographical settings of Pune District. Field visits to ten sacred grove sites from Pune District and semi-structured interviews with local people were conducted for data collection. Every sacred grove is a distinct ecosystem that exhibits a unique biodiversity profile. Sacred groves are rich in faunal diversity. A number of endemic and IUCN red listed faunal species were recorded from all of the sacred grove sites under this study. Due to their crucial function in maintaining both cultural and environmental well-being, sacred groves need to be protected.

Mukul Mahabaleshwarkar*1,3, Nivedita Ghayal1,2 and Supriya Mahabaleshwarkar3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1251–1258

Tanaya S. Murthy*1 and K. L. Prakash2

1-2 Department of Environment Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, India

Abstract

Runoff is one of the most important hydrological variables used in most of the land and water resources applications. The determination of surface runoff at micro level is essential to address soil and water conservation practices in a watershed. Understanding the basic relationships between rainfall, runoff and soil loss are studied for effective management and utilization of water resources and soil conservation service. Curve Number (CN) method is mainly used for estimating infiltration characteristics of the watershed, based on the land use property and soil property. The study area chosen is Chikkaballapur taluk. The study area geographically lies between latitude 13° 20’10.7” and 13° 39’59.4” and east longitude 77° 36’04.7” and 77° 52’20.2” with an area of 634.8 km2. In the present study, an attempt has been made to estimate the surface runoff using SCS-CN method. The curve number depends upon soil and land use characteristics. Hydrological soil group (HSG), land use / land cover Map, Soil and multi spectral remote sensing data are used for the analysis. Hence remote sensing and GIS techniques have been used. These details are useful to identifying runoff potential in study area and developing appropriate soil and water conservation structures.

Tanaya S. Murthy*1 and K. L. Prakash2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1259–1264

Sandipan Ghosh1, Gargi Sen2, Indrani Sarkar2, Chandra Ghosh3 and Arnab Sen*1,2,4

1 Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohanpur, Siliguri - 734 013, West Bengal, India 2 Bioinformatics Facility Center, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohanpur, Siliguri - 734 013, West Bengal, India 3 Department of Tea Science, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohanpur, Siliguri - 734 013, West Bengal, India 4 Biswa Bangla Genome Center, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohanpur, Siliguri - 734 013, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) is a pest infesting multiple crops of agricultural importance. An effective remedy for the prevention and control of this pest is lacking. This study focuses on the preparation and identification of the phytocompounds from the indigenous bioformulation by GC-MS analysis. Further, the identified compounds were targeted against the proteins present in the reproductive cycle of the pest by molecular docking. Molecular docking analysis revealed an effective binding score against the vital proteins which will be effective in arresting the multiplication of the two-spotted spider mites. Since the phytocompound affect the reproductive proteins, its further multiplication and spread in the field can be averted. The current in silico study depicts the interaction of the mite protein and the phytocompound which also effective against other pests. This is a first ever report for the characterization of the bioformulation against pests from this region.

Sandipan Ghosh1, Gargi Sen2, Indrani Sarkar2, Chandra Ghosh3 and Arnab Sen*1,2,4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 15-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1265–1270

V. Gope Naik1, M. Srinivasa Rao2, K. Swetha3, Vasudev S. Salunke4, Y. Padmini5 and G. Raja Rao*2

1 Department of Geology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Department of Geology, Andhra University, Waltair Junction, Visakhapatnam - 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India 3 Department of Geography, College of Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India 4 Department of Geography, K. J. Somaiya College, Kopargaon, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India 5 Department of Geosciences, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Geospatial tools have mostly helped geologists to identify the Natural Resources viz., minerals prospective zones for sustainable growth. The origin, existence, movement of minerals depend on numerous factors such as slope, geology, geomorphology lineament and lineament density. Created on these, the mapping and identification of mineral and mine areas were passed out in a south-western part of Cuddapah basin, Andhra Pradesh, India. Relevant thematic layers were prepared and assigned to identify minerals and mine areas in the study area. Even though the western part of the Cuddapah basin is categorized by moderate to high lineament density, the above area is originating to be poor to moderate mineral movement zone because of high density and structural features. The zone of intersection of structural trends resulting in linear to circular shaped features, faults, dykes are mapped which could have accepted as prospect areas of minerals resources in the study region. Results expose that the showing assessment method future in this study is an operative tool for interpreting the mineralized zones for their proper development over various geological topography. In order to identify the majority of sites for minerals prospecting zones in the Cuddapah basin, geospatial techniques like satellite remote sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools were utilized to prepare and evaluate thematic layers of geological structure, lithology, and topography. The most prospective locations for mineral exploitation were then identified using various GIS intersection and spatial analysis tools to create the final map. By employing a Landsat ETM + image, it was also possible to identify the most prospective locations for mineral development using digital classification of remote sensing information. The findings demonstrate that lithology, topography, and geologic structures were linked elements that influenced the most attractive areas for mineral exploration.

V. Gope Naik1, M. Srinivasa Rao2, K. Swetha3, Vasudev S. Salunke4, Y. Padmini5 and G. Raja Rao*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1271–1279

Sharief Ahmed*1 and Prakash C. Antahal2

1-2 Department of Economics, University of Jammu, Jammu Tawi - 180 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract

This research paper examined the gender inequalities in the agricultural occupations by using national representative data on wages related to twelve occupations for the period from 2013-14 to 2020-21. Firstly, we have examined that wages over the period have increased. Secondly, there is a considerable growth rate found both for male and female workers, but the female growth rate is higher for female workers. Further, we have examined the wage gap and found that there exists a considerable wage gap for male and female workers but over the period this gap is declining except for three male-dominated agricultural occupations.

Sharief Ahmed*1 and Prakash C. Antahal2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1280–1285

Nivedita Mani*1, Shiraz Wajih2, Ajay Singh3 and Shreya Chaturvedi4

1-4 Gorakhpur Environmental Action Group (GEAG), HIG First Phase 1/4, Siddharthpuram, Taramandal, Gorakhpur - 273 017, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The north-eastern plains of Uttar Pradesh and north Bihar are similar in geographical characteristics and marked by low development indices owing to poverty and poor socio-economic conditions. Climate change and induced disasters are exacerbating the vulnerabilities of small-marginal-women farmers in the region due to increasing flood-waterlogging induced crop losses, increasing input costs and economic marginalization, low extension services, lesser capacity to deal with hydro-met shocks and stresses leading to increasing frustration in farming and distressed migration. Women farmers have to bear the responsibility as farm managers without needed access to extension services and resources. The effects on agriculture income resulting from climate change impacts are transmitted to poor socioeconomic conditions of farm households, in particular and landless farm households, in general. Having access to information on adaptation to climate change is essential for improving socioeconomic conditions of rural population. This paper deals with the science and technology interventions undertaken towards developing climate resilient agro-based livelihood systems in the region to enhance socio-economic empowerment of small-marginal and woman farmers. The interventions have been part of a support programme of the SEED Division of the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, undertaken during 2018-2022.

Nivedita Mani*1, Shiraz Wajih2, Ajay Singh3 and Shreya Chaturvedi4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1286–1292

S. Siddi Raju1 and R. Siddi Raju*2

1 Department of Geology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University in Amarkantak, Anuppur - 484 887, Madhya Pradesh, India 2 Department of Geology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa - 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present work represents the results of a quantitative morphometric analysis carried out in respect to the Johilla River Basin, M.P., India. The various morphometric parameters were calculated to represent the nature of the catchment area. Based on the field observations and the morphometric variables, favorable locations for groundwater exploration in the vicinity of present river basin could be determined. The drainage was classified based on Strhler’s principle; it reveals that the river basin exhibits dendritic to sub dendritic to drainage pattern. It is a VIth order river basin and lower-order streams are mostly dominating the basin with an average drainage density of 1.06 km/km2. The river basin area is spread over about 2887.53 sq. km and covers a part of the Annupur, Dindori and Umaria districts in M.P., India. The slope is mainly controlled by various physiographic conditions, and geologically erosion cycles. The elongation ratio is 0.46 representing the sub-watershed has an abundantly elongated with high to moderate elevation and steep slopes due to the structural disturbances. In this study, Linear, Areal, and Relief Aspects are analyzed through the SRTM Digital Elevation Model data in the Arc GIS environment.

S. Siddi Raju1 and R. Siddi Raju*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1293–1299

Archit Singh*1, B. K. Singh2 and Kalyan Barman3

1-3 Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a perennial fruit crop that grows in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is most widely grown in India. It is indigenous to tropical America and belongs to the family Myrtaceae. Guava is well known for its nutritional value, being an excellent source of vitamin C and pectin, and having great economic value. Guava fruits show a typical increase in respiration and ethylene production during ripening because they are climacteric. The production of guavas for the fresh market is typically restricted to a few days due to their high perishability. The experiment's findings demonstrated that guavas' level of maturity or ripeness at harvest had significant effects on both their quality and storage life. The mature green stage of the fruit showed promising results in delaying the physico-chemical changes when compared to the colour turning stage and ripe stage of development. Considering all the parameters, Lalit and Allahabad Safeda cultivars of guava were identified as the best cultivars in terms of better post-harvest life, while Lalit excelled in terms of maximum total carotenoids content, total antioxidant content, and total chlorophyll content. The weight loss and decay loss were minimal observed in Allahabad Safeda cultivars.

Archit Singh*1, B. K. Singh2 and Kalyan Barman3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1300–1304

Debanjana Prasad*1

1 Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Noida International University, Greater Noida - 203 201, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The medicinal functions shown by various different medicinal herbs are mainly due to the presence of numerous phytochemicals i.e., are plant pigments having a number of natural therapeutic functions. The colour qualitative screenings of such pigmented phytochemicals are expressed as the major vital sources for many phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids helping in treatment of various destructive and life-threatening diseases. It is very much essential to understand and identify the phytochemical bioactive compounds found in many medicinal plants. In recent study, ethanol and methanol plants root extraction were performed of five medicinally important herbal plants which are Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Terminaliya arjuna (Arjuna), Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi), Ranunculus sceleratus (Jaldhaniya) and Acalypha indica (Kuppi) by maceration plant extraction technique. Preliminary qualitative analysis was done of each five each ethanol and methanol extracts and comparative analysis was done. Various tests containing saponins, coumarins, proteins, phenols, anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids, steroids-sterols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, glycosides were analyzed qualitatively using the most standard optimised protocols. Investigation showed high amounts of all bioactive compounds were present in ethanol and methanol extracts of Withania somnifera, Terminaliya arjuna and Acalypha indica. It contained a very high levels of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins. Whereas Bacopa monnieri and Ranunculus sceleratus had shown a very significantly low amounts of phytochemicals. Anthraquinones, glycosides, phenols were found to be very less. Therefore, different pigmented phytochemicals have a diverse extensive range of medicinal activities, enhancing the biological immune system, providing high resistance against infectious diseases in order to protect the host body.

Debanjana Prasad*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1305–1308

Apeksha Rathi*1, Chandan Singh2 and Deepak Vyas3

1-3 Lab of Microbial Technology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar - 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

A prefatory experiment was conducted to examine the growth performance of Cordyceps militaris mushroom cultures and pigmentation using different synthetic media. The study is mainly focused on the different media, such as Saboraud's Dextrose Agar Medium (SDA), Potato Dextrose Agar medium (PDA), Vogel's agar medium, and Czapek Dox Agar medium on the growth and the pigment development in dark and light conditions of mycelium of the mushroom. Studies revealed that the average maximum growth was obtained on Vogel's agar medium than SDA medium, least in Czapek Dox Agar, followed by PDA, including extensive pigmentation. This study tries to correlate the production of pigments under different culture media and the metabolites associated with the particular colour of pigment. We intend to establish low-cost preliminary techniques to detect the presence of the major compound in the fungus with its signature colour.

Apeksha Rathi*1, Chandan Singh2 and Deepak Vyas3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1309–1315

Priyanand Agale*1, Amol Saner2, Parag Sadgir3 and Nilkanth S. Suryawanshi4

1 Civil Engineering Department, Government Polytechnic, Aurangabad - 431 005, Maharashtra, India 2 Civil Engineering Department, Matoshri College of Engineering, Nasik - 422 105, Maharashtra, India 3 Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Pune - 411 005, Maharashtra, India 4 Department of Botany, Research Laboratory, K. V. Pendharkar College of Art, Science and commerce (Autonomous) Dombivli, District Thane - 421 203, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

In the developing countries, treatment of domestic wastewater is not a primary objective of development because requirement of huge funds for collection of waste water and to construct centralized treatment facilities as well as need of technical experts for managing the treatment plant. Providing simple, cost effective and eco-friendly wastewater treatment is a challenge in many parts of the world. In the present study Canna Indica plants was used in the fourth stage of Aerobic Brickbat Grit Sand (ABGS) purifier and potential of Canna Indica plants was observed for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Working model of ABGS purifier was setup for the treatment of grey water at Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad, M.S., India. The variation of physicochemical parameter of the influent and effluent water was shows pH (7.2±0.1 to 7.6±0.1), BOD (189±33 to 11±1 mg/L), COD (354±47 to 26±5 mg/L), TSS (92±6 to 13±3mg/L), TDS (393±51 to 430±43mg/L), Total phosphorus (30±3 to 6±0.6 mg/L), Nitrate (5±1 to 0.5±0.1 mg/L), Ammonia (0.6±0.2 to 0.04±0.1 mg/L), Sulphate (43±1 to 14±3 mg/L), Chloride (86±10 to 78±7 mg/L), Oil and grease (5.1±0.3 to 1.9±0.5 mg/L). In this study it was observed that Canna indica flower bed fourth stage of ABGS purifier effectively remove total phosphorus, nitrate as well as helps to remove BOD and COD. ABGS purifier is eco-friendly and cost-effective domestic wastewater treatment system constructed with use of locally available material.

Priyanand Agale*1, Amol Saner2, Parag Sadgir3 and Nilkanth S. Suryawanshi4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1316–1321

N. Chandrakala*1 and J. Eswari2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Kunthavai Naacchiyaar Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous) Thanjavur - 613 007 (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The group of organisms known as freshwater phytoplankton, which is taxonomically and functionally varied, is essential to the biogeochemical cycle. A healthy aquatic ecosystem depends heavily on phytoplankton for nutrient intake, the food chain, and ecosystem maintenance. The entire water column is dominated by phytoplankton, a significant primary producer that also sustains life underwater. We studied the availability of species in freshwater phytoplankton samples from the Vaduvur bird sanctuary. The goal of the study is to catalogue the variety of phytoplankton in Tamil Nadu, India's Vaduvur bird sanctuary in the Thiruvarur District. We identified 16 species of phytoplankton, including 6 Bacillariophyceae, 4 Chlorophyceae, 5 Cyanophyceae, and 1 Euglenophyceae. Consequently, the results of the current investigation showed that Bacillariophyceae dominated the ecosystem, followed by Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, and Euglenophyceae.

N. Chandrakala*1 and J. Eswari2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1322–1328

Saner A. B.*1 and Priyanand Agale2

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Matoshri College of Engineering and Research Centre, Nashik - 422 105, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Government Polytechnic, Aurangabad - 431 005, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Distillery waste water has potential to produce energy in the form of biogas which contains methane. Present study is based on the Kinetics of anaerobic treatment of distillery wastewater by UASBR followed by MFC. UASB was feed with varying organic loading rate of distillery wastewater ranging from 8.07g COD/L·d to 22.94g COD/L·d for a duration of approximately 500 days. Different mathematical models such as Monod, Grau’s second order, modified Stover-Kincannon model and First order kinetic models were applied to determine the substrate removal kinetics of anaerobic UASB reactor and MFC. Linear regression was applied to determine Kinetic parameters through experimental data. The substrate removal rate constant (K2) of Grau’s second order was 1.95 per day By applying modified Stover-Kincannon model, the maximum removal rate constant (µmax) was 5 g/ L·d and saturation value constant (KB) was 19.61 g/ L·d respectively. By applying Monod model, at steady state condition, determine the kinetic coefficient (K) as 2.738 gCOD/L, the endogenous decay coefficient (Kd) as 0.0381 d-1, the maximum growth rate of microorganisms (µmax) as 0.06279 per day and the growth yield coefficient(Y) was 0.272 g VSS/g COD respectively. The outcome of this study will help in simulation of anaerobic model to usable methane and good effluent quality during the treatment of industrial wastewater.

Saner A. B.*1 and Priyanand Agale2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 21-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1329–1331

T. Soniya*1 and E. Arivazhagan2

1-2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The investigation was carried out to “Study the influences of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.)” at farmer field at Sorakalnatham, Natrampalli taluk, Tirupattur district, (Tamil Nadu) during 2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments replicated thrice. The treatments viz., Naphthalene acetic acid @ 50ppm, Naphthalene acetic acid @ 100ppm, Naphthalene acetic acid @ 150ppm, Gibberellic acid @ 50ppm, Gibberellic acid @ 100ppm, Gibberellic acid @ 150ppm, Ethrel @ 150ppm, Ethrel @ 200ppm, Ethrel @ 250ppm, Malichydrazide @ 150ppm, Malichydrazide @ 200ppm, Malichydrazide @ 250ppm, Control (water spray). The results indicated that the maximum values for growth attributes viz., plant height (61.25 cm), number of primary branches/plant (2.85), leaf area (395.78 cm2) and yield components like number of female flower per plant (12.49), sex ratio (0.89), number of fruits per plant (11.19), fruit set percent (89.79%), fruit length (42 cm), single fruit weight (2.32 kg), fruits yield per plant (25.96 kg) and minimum number of male flower per plant (13.98) were recorded in the foliar application of plant growth regulator NAA @ 100 ppm. This was followed by the foliar application of plant growth regulators ethrel @ 150 ppm. Significant differences were observed with the use of growth regulators on growth and yield traits of summer squash.

T. Soniya*1 and E. Arivazhagan2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1332–1336

Sreyashi Kashyap1 and Pravin Prakash*2

1-2 Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The effect of chitosan alone and in combination with ascorbic acid on weight loss, textural profile and colour attributes of guava (Allahabad safeda L.) was investigated. The guava fruits were treated with 1% and 2% chitosan coating and their combination with 500 µM ascorbic acid, and stored at ambient storage conditions (28±2°C; 70- 80% R.H.). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design, replicated thrice and functional parameters were recorded at 04 days interval up to 12 days of storage period. Treatment with 2% chitosan coating along with 500 µM ascorbic acid treatment significantly reduced weight loss, which is the main attribute of postharvest deterioration and acted as the best treatment combination. The textural profile including hardness and adhesiveness of guava was also maintained by chitosan coating with ascorbic acid treatment than uncoated guavas. Other textural properties including cohesiveness was minimally maintained by chitosan coating and ascorbic acid treatment. However, the fruits treated with 2% chitosan with 500 µM ascorbic acid showed uneven ripening and didn’t turn yellow even at the end of twelve days of storage period.

Sreyashi Kashyap1 and Pravin Prakash*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 22-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1337–1341

J. Kalaimathi*1, B. Sridevi2, S. Shazneen Farhana3, S. Kaviarasi4, M. Suriya5 and M. Bala Sundaram6

1-5 Department of Biochemistry, Theivanai Ammal College for Women (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Annamalai University, Chidambaram), Villupuram - 605 602, Tamil Nadu, India 6 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Sungai Petani, Malaysia

Abstract

Silybum marianum L. called as milk thistle has the medicinal parcels with a multitude of pharmacological operations. The current study was the green conflation of ZnO-nanoparticles (NPs) from seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) ZnO-NPs therefore synthesized were subordinated to characterization using standard ways similar as FTIR and UV Visible spectrophotometer. The presence of phytochemical constituents proves that Silybum marianum seed is rich in the secondary metabolites in the three extracts of aqueous, ethanol and chloroform. The conflation of essence and semiconductor nanoparticles is an expanding area due to the implicit operations in the development of new technologies. Especially, biologically synthesized nanomaterial has come an important branch of nanotechnology. The present work, described the conflation of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using seed waterless excerpt of Silybum marianum L. and its antimicrobial conditioning. The nanoparticles were gain characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transfigure infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In this study we also delved antimicrobial exertion of green synthesized ZnONps and the antioxidant activity in the ethanol extract higher when it compared with the other two extracts. Eventually concluded the zinc oxide nanoparticles displayed intriguing antimicrobial exertion with both gram positive and gram negative bacterial and incentive at micromolar attention.

J. Kalaimathi*1, B. Sridevi2, S. Shazneen Farhana3, S. Kaviarasi4, M. Suriya5 and M. Bala Sundaram6 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1342–1347

Saumya Shruti1 and Savita Jangde*2

1 Department of Plant Physiology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 110, Gujarat, India 2 Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Lead affects seedling growth and its related physio-biochemical functions negatively. The present study investigated the responses of six different varieties of Mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] to three concentrations of 0.25 mM and 0.50 mM Pb (NO3)2 along with a control variant and there was varietal difference observed among these varieties, all responded differently to the lead toxicity at the early germination growth stages. Parameters were analyzed like germination percentage, RWC, plumule and radicle growth, plumule fresh and dry weight and radicle fresh and dry weight; MSI; biochemical parameters like and protein content, total soluble sugar and proline. Besides this antioxidant enzymes activity i.e., extent of lipid peroxidation through malondialdehyde content were also studied. The effect of metal toxicity was analyzed through MTI. They’re existed significant differences among the varieties in the lead toxicity and had profound effect on all the morphological, biochemical and antioxidant enzyme parameters. Germination %, RWC, plumule length, radicle length, fresh and dry weight of seedling. Protein content, total soluble sugar decreased significantly, whereas, antioxidant enzymes proline and malondialdehyde content increased many folds with increasing toxicity of lead and recorded highest at 0.50 Mm Pb (NO3)2. The present study found that all the six genotypes of mung bean is sensitive for growth under lead toxicity even at lower concentration 0.25mM Pb (NO3)2 and at higher concentration 0.50mM Pb (NO3)2 was much affected by lead toxicity.

Saumya Shruti1 and Savita Jangde*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1348–1352

T. Soniya*1 and E. Arivazhagan2

1-2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The investigation was conducted in 2022 at the Department of Horticulture, Annamalai University, Vegetable Unit, Faculty of Agriculture. The experimental design used was randomized block layout with three replications comprising of twenty genotypes. The genotypes differed significantly in terms of growth and yield metrics. According to the mean data, the long type genotype Cp13 showed the best performance for thirteen characters among the fourteen summer squash characters, significantly greater than the grand mean in terms of plant height (66.54 cm), number of primary branches (3.17), number of nodes (14.72), days to first bud initiation (20.69 days), days to first male flower (31.44 days), days to first female flower (34.16 days), number of male flower (16.50), number of female flower (11.03), fruit length (40.82 cm), fruit diameter (32.76 cm), fruit weight (1200.18 g), number of fruits per plant (8.11), and fruit yield per plant (7.48 kg/plant). Therefore, this best genotype can be chosen for future crop management techniques in summer squash.

T. Soniya*1 and E. Arivazhagan2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1353–1356

S. Revathi*1, J. Kalaimathi2, J. Farhana3, D. Sathya4 and S. Banu Priya5

1-5 Department of Biochemistry, Theivanai Ammal College for Women (Autonomous), Affiliated to Annamalai University, Villupuram - 605 602, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Oral health is an indicator of leading a healthy life. Herbal powder is a unique formulation that is made up of one or more herbs of different or the same types. Natural herbal powders are formulated without any harsh chemicals or toxic substances such as sulphates or silicone. Our tooth powder contains Moringa oleifera and Phyllanthus niruri as key ingredients. Other herbs used are Phyllanthus retinus, Ficus benghalensis, Azadirachta indica, Elettaria cardamomum, Syzygium aromaticum, Cuminum cyminum, Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum, and Terminalia chebula. Plaques can be removed by toothpowder because herbs contain antimicrobial properties, and it also eliminates bad odours in the mouth. In the present work, the herbal toothpowder was formulated and standardized by analyzing necessary evaluation parameters such as physiochemical analysis, quantification of minerals such as calcium and phosphorous, and characterization of the powder by FTIR. This work was performed to prepare a tooth powder that can be used as a tool for proper oral hygiene and to overcome the side effects of the conventional tooth powder prepared with synthetic ingredients.

S. Revathi*1, J. Kalaimathi2, J. Farhana3, D. Sathya4 and S. Banu Priya5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1357–1361

B. Sridevi1, J. Kalaimathi*2, K. Vidya3, S. Shazneen Farhana4 and M. Suriya5

1-5 Department of Biochemistry, Theivanai Ammal College for Women (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Annamalai University, Chidambaram), Villupuram - 605 602, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The soil is a living being and a valuable natural resource not only in agriculture and food security but it is also towards maintenance of all life process in current scenario. Comparative study was undertaken to evaluate efficiency of the soil organisms like Spirulina in two combinations along with spirulina waste to formulate it into a bio fertilizer and in enhancing the growth of green gram plants. Sustainable agriculture is proving as one of the toughest jobs in these days. There is no uniformity in agricultural practices all over the world, but one thing which is more or less common is the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. The present study consists of three experimental groups such as Control and a Test control with different combinations. Group 1 contains control, Group 2 contains the Spirulina waste, Neem seed powder and cow dung, Group 3 contains the Spirulina waste. Spirulina is a rich protein as well as nitrogen provider for plant growth. The study results reveal that group 2 has shown a greater impact on the growth of the plant in terms of germination percent, length of shoot and root of the plant and the level of chlorophyll and protein in the leaf of the group 2 plant was higher when compared with other experimental test and control groups. So, the spirulina waste, cow dung and Neem seed powder see along with efficient soil organisms is potential in promoting growth of crops and its play an important role to increase in soil fertility for development of eco-friendly sustainable agriculture.

B. Sridevi1, J. Kalaimathi*2, K. Vidya3, S. Shazneen Farhana4 and M. Suriya5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1362–1367

Sunethra V. M*1 and Rajakumar R2

1-2 P. G. and Research Department of Biotechnology, Maruthupandiyar College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Thanjavur - 613 403, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Cellulose is degraded by a group of enzymes which acts synergistically to randomly cleave the β-1, 4 glucosidic bonds. The enzyme complex responsible for the hydrolysis of cellulose is cellulases. It is an inducible enzyme secreted by wide variety of fungi, bacteria, protozoan, plants and animals. In the present study was focused on the isolation and screening of cellulolytic bacteria from soil sample and their potential for cellulase production. A totally 26 cellulolytic bacterial strains were isolated from the soil. Among them, six isolates were able to produce cellulose during SMF and they are labelled as BTSR1, BTSR2, BTSR3, BTSR4, BTSR5 and BTSR6 for further morphological and biochemical analysis. The enzyme activity was measured by the DNS method. Among the isolates, BTSR1 (1.817±0.26 U/ml) and BTSR2 (1.635±0.17 U/ml) were showed the maximum cellulose activities under SMF at 24 hours after incubation. The optimization of cellulase enzyme production of these seven isolates was carried out by using different parameters such as pH, temperature, and carbon sources. The highest enzyme activity was reported by isolates BTSR1 at pH 7 and it was found to be 3.185±0.17 U/ml. The optimum temperature for the enzyme production of isolates were BTSR1 (4.272±0.37 U/ml), BTSR2 (3.921±0.32 U/ml) and BTSR4 (3.167±0.65 U/ml) at 35 °C. CMC was used as a carbon source, maximum enzyme activity was achieved in all isolates. The highest enzyme production was noted in the isolates BTSR1 (5.431±0.97 U/ml) by using the CMC as a carbon source. The enzyme activities were also found to be almost comparable in the presence of glucose, sucrose and maltose. A maximum enzyme activity also was noted in the 24 to 36 hours incubation period. In the present study concluded that the six isolates have potential enzyme activity and also produced cellulase with different optimal conditions.

Sunethra V. M*1 and Rajakumar R2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1368–1373

Rashmita Srinivasan1, N. S. Suryawanshi2, S. S. Dhabarde3, Parag Sadgir4 and Priyanand Agale5

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad - 431 010, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany / Chemistry, K. V. Pendharkar College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Dombivli - 421 203, Maharashtra, India 3 Department of Civil Engineering, COEP Technological University, Pune - 411 005, Maharashtra, India 4-5 Department of Civil Engineering, Government Polytechnic, Aurangabad - 431 005, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Potential of five different bio-adsorbent was conducted in order to verify the suitability for removing lead from water. To study the effect of bio-adsorbent dose, 5 doses of bio-adsorbent were considered ranging from 10 mg/L to 50 mg/L and 30 to 210 min. in a step of 10 mg/L and 30 min. contact time. Batch experiments were performed on lead residual concentrations limited to 2 ppm by using adsorption process Ricinus communis (Erand), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Phyllanthus emblica (Amla), Strychnos potatorum (Nirmali), and Syzygium cumini (Jamun). Regression analysis has been applied to study the performance of bio-adsorbents and its effect on residual concentrations, % removal of lead and pH values. The R2 values for the developed correlation for residual concentrations are 94.26%, removal of lead 94.31%, and 98.69% for pH values. Contour plots are plotted to obtain better understanding of bio-adsorbents on residual concentrations, % removal of lead and pH values by varying quantity of dosages and contact timings.

Rashmita Srinivasan1, N. S. Suryawanshi2, S. S. Dhabarde3, Parag Sadgir4 and Priyanand Agale5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1374–1379

Sanchita Nayak Tripathy1, Angsuman Chanda*2 and Sanjat Kumar Sahu3

1-2 Natural and Applied Science Research Centre, Raja N, L, Khan Women’s College (Autonomous), under Vidyasagar University, Midnapur, Paschim Medinipur - 721 102, West Bengal, India 3 Department of Environmental Science, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Sambalpur - 768 019, Odisha, India

Abstract

The socioeconomic status of the inhabitants in the Digha Coastal region is heavily reliant on marine fishing, which is one of the most important livelihood possibilities for residents of Digha coastal belt. The present study was conducted to analyze the socioeconomic situations of the Fishermen Community of Digha Coast. The information was collected from selected villages in the Digha Coastal region. A random sample of 430 respondents was analyzed. The survey method of questionnaire was employed to determine the socioeconomic situation of the Fishermen community. In this study, percentage analysis and cross tabulation were used. The findings and observations are the result of the interpretations made during the investigation. The result depicts that the out of 90 families (30%) are in above poverty line and the remaining are below the poverty line as per guide line of FAO. The current study will help to develop new economic opportunities and increase the resource base of coastal poor people.

Sanchita Nayak Tripathy1, Angsuman Chanda*2 and Sanjat Kumar Sahu3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1380–1385

Rajkumar Mehra1, Poonam Dehariya*2, Meena Singh3, Akanksha Kumari4 and Ankita Jain5

1-5 Mushroom Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar - 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Humic acid plays a critical role in ecology. It offers several benefits to crop production due to its molecular makeup. This helps to loosen soil and improve soil fertility, boosting the holding capacity of water, reducing soil moisture loss, driving up seed germination, promoting soil microflora communities, and lowering the risk of diseases spread through contaminated soil. Several search articles and literature focused on the analysis of nutrients in Panchagavya. However, no study was found on isolating humic acid from Panchagavya. Therefore, we have paid attention to the analysis of humic acid from Panchagavya as well as novel formulations Capralac Extractum (CE) (goat-based) and Bubaluslac Extractum (BE) (buffalo based). These novel formulations are based on the Panchagavya formulation. We used the spectrophotometric method for qualitative analysis of humic acid at multiple wavelengths (365, 400, 565, and 665). Results show that CE-G has the highest amount of humic acid found at 565 and 665, a significant difference at the level of p<0.01. As we know, the content of humic acid in manure discussed is 1 to 3%, and peat or sapropel has 15 to 40%. Observation based on manure at the range of 565 to 665 nm and based on peat or sapropel at 400 nm range of wavelength the results are significant.

Rajkumar Mehra1, Poonam Dehariya*2, Meena Singh3, Akanksha Kumari4 and Ankita Jain5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1386–1392

Waqar Ahmed*1, Manisha Yadav2 and Pintu Majhi3

1,3 ICSSR Doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Economics, Tripura University (A Central University), Agartala - 799 022 Tripura, India 2 Department of Economics, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh - 123 031, Haryana, India

Abstract

The government introduced the growth centres initiative in the early eighties to encourage the industrialization of underdeveloped areas. To help the states lure businesses, the growth centres offer the necessary industrial Infrastructure, such as power, water, telecom, and banking. This paper attempts to assess the role of firm location in determining the growth disparity in selected states of India. The principal aim of this study is to investigate the role of industrialization, patent application filled, gross enrollment ratio in higher education, financial credit and infrastructure development in explaining the disparities of economic growth among the states of India over the period 2004-2016. The empirical random-panel regression results of this study indicated that industrial concentration and industrial labour force participation positively influence the economic growth of the states of India. Therefore, the study's findings define the high variation in growth explained by industrial concentration. As per the result of the study, industrialization, patent application filled, gross enrollment ratio in higher education, financial credit, and infrastructure development have positive and significant associations with net state domestic product. However, the industrial concentration, density of highways and credit to the industries are the most affecting factors to determine the growth of these states.

Waqar Ahmed*1, Manisha Yadav2 and Pintu Majhi3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1393–1397

N. Kistu Singh*1, M. Shyamkesho Singh2 and R. R. Pandey3

1-3 Department of Life Sciences (Botany), Manipur University, Canchipur - 795 003, Manipur, India

Abstract

With the increasing world population and urbanization, agricultural lands are diminishing. Prolonged use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, etc. in the fields and antibiotic consumption have led to environmental degradation, reduced soil fertility, increased toxicity, and the development of drug-resistant microorganisms. The agricultural sector suffers huge losses in production due to phytopathogens, insects, water stress, salinity, and temperature. With regard to health and environmental concerns, the development of sustainable agriculture has been a major area of research. The biological control method is a safe and effective approach to controlling plant pathogens and creating sustainable agriculture. Endophytic fungi could protect plants from pathogen attack, improve plant health, and serve as strong biocontrol agents. The application of endophytic fungi in organic farming is important as an input, and it could restore degraded croplands to their natural ecosystem. Endophytic fungi have great potential to resist abiotic stress, which helps plants adapt to various conditions. Along with enzymes and phytohormones, fungal endophytes also produced a number of secondary metabolites with bioactive properties. This review highlights the important roles played by endophytic fungi in the field of agriculture and shows the necessity of conducting further studies and exploring novel endophytic fungi.

N. Kistu Singh*1, M. Shyamkesho Singh2 and R. R. Pandey3 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 28-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1398–1400

S. A. Jadhav*1 and R. M. Gejage2

1 Department of Zoology, Y. C. College of Science, Karad, District Satara - 415 124, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Zoology, Smt. K. R. P. Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Islampur, Tal. Walwa, Sangli - 415 409, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

In present study, maximum activity of lipase from larva at pH 7.9 indicates the lipase activate at alkaline pH in the larvae of M. vitrata. The increased lipase activity from 4 to 8-days of larval development of M. vitrata indicates fast growing larvae required more energy for development. This is useful for fulfilment of lipids for release of energy. The decrease in activity from 8 to 13-days indicates storage of lipids for the further development of larval and pupal stage. This decrease in activity indicated slowed feeding period of larvae and accumulation of lipid for pupal stage. Studies on lipolytic activity in larva and pupa of M. vitrata has been noted. The larval growth duration was found to be 13 days. The optimum activity observed in 8th day larvae with pH 7.9. Pupal growth duration was found to be 7 days. Optimum activity was observed in 5th day old pupae. The increase in enzyme activity noted from 4 to 8-day larvae and 1 to 5-day pupae of M. vitrata. The mean and standard deviation of larval lipase was 0.255 and 0.01430 respectively.

S. A. Jadhav*1 and R. M. Gejage2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 29-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1401–1405

Anjana Singh*1 and Ila Joshi2

1-2 Department of Home Science, IIS (Deemed to be University), Jaipur - 302 020, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Ivy gourd is a perennial underutilized fruit grown in India. It is an indigenous herb plant of Central Asia and Africa, and is a medicinal plant that is widely produced in India. The study was carried out with an objective to determine shelf life of Ivy gourd fruit powder and, later, develop value-added products using it. Shelf life of fruit powder was carried out using sensory, microbial, and biochemical evaluation over a period of 3 months. The results showed decrease in its sensory scores with increase in storage period. Biochemical evaluation revealed no major changes, except for moisture content that increased with increase in storage period. Microbial population too, increased with time, however, it was found to be within permissible limit. Four food products were developed by incorporating fruit powder, namely, ragi vegetable chilla, garlic yogurt dip, methi raita and missi chapatti, by adding fruit powder in three proportions (4g, 8g and 12g) and their sensory evaluation was conducted to determine the most acceptable from each category. Three of the four products showed best acceptability at 4g incorporation of fruit powder, i.e., garlic yogurt dip, missi chapatti, methi raita, while ragi vegetable chilla, was best accepted at 8g level.

Anjana Singh*1 and Ila Joshi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 29-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1406–1413

Sarbani Roy1, Pradeep Kumar Patel2 and Chandra Ghosh*3

1-2 Department of Plant Physiology and Breeding, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Jorhat - 785 008, Assam, India 3 Department of Tea Science, University of North Bengal. P.O. N.B.U., Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri - 734 013, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Red spider mite is one of the major sucking pests of different tea growing countries that damage the tea leaves resulting in crop loss as well as deteriorating the quality of made tea severely. Changes encountered in physiological and biochemical constituents in green leaves of tea in relation to photosynthetic pigments, wax content, effect on phytohormonal levels of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid etc., and their effect on the production of secondary metabolites as well as on the quality of made tea was studied in detail. Pigments like chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and non-volatile secondary metabolic compounds such as polyphenols, catechins and reducing sugar were found to be lower in the severely infested leaves than the non-infested leaves. Morphological defense strategy includes the increased trichomes, sclerophylly, latex deposition, etc. while biochemical defences include production of various toxic secondary metabolites, some enzymes that act as pest-repellents. Plants are constantly subjected to biotic stress therefore plants make necessary metabolic and structural modifications to cope with the stress conditions. As tea is an economically important beverage, a proper understanding of the plant-insect interaction would facilitate better pest management and quality production. Defence mechanisms adopted therefore strengthens the plant to deal with multiple biotic as well as abiotic challenges.

Sarbani Roy1, Pradeep Kumar Patel2 and Chandra Ghosh*3 Click here to download file

Research Review | Published online : 29-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1414–1420

Anita Jain1 and Shankar Lal Kajala*2

1 Department of Botany, Vidya Bhawan Rural Institute, Udaipur - 313 001, Rajasthan, India 2 Mohanlal SuKhadia University, Udaipur - 313 001, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

The goals of this research were to (i) describe ethno-veterinary plants and their formulation procedures in an undiscovered Shekhawati region, and (ii) choose prospective medicinal plants with higher fidelity value for subsequent in vitro examination. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview a group of 40 people. In the study region, 28 plants from 23 families were utilized to heal livestock problems. Whole plants (39%) were usually employed in the form of paste and powder in the formulations. The bulk of the plants were used to treat cow and buffalo problems, while gastrointestinal and skin infections were found to be more prevalent. Allium cepa Linn. rated first with a FL value of 93%, followed by Curcuma longa Linn. ranked second (91%), Punica granatum Linn. ranked third (90%), and Cassia tora Linn. ranked fourth (85%). Plants with significant FL scores might be studied in vitro for the discovery of new bioactive chemicals, and young people should be taught about ethno-veterinary practices.

Anita Jain1 and Shankar Lal Kajala*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1421–1427

Shruti1 and Vaishali V. Dolas*2

1-2 Department of Homoeopathic Materia Medica, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Homoeopathic Medical College, Department of Post Graduate and Research Centre, Pune-Satara Road, Katraj, Dhankawadi, Pune - 411 043, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Poison nut (Strychnos nux-vomica L.), also known as nux-vomica, has a long history of use in the treatment of a variety of health conditions, including digestive issues, headaches, and mental disorders. In recent years, scientific research has supported many of the traditional therapeutic uses of nux-vomica, making it a promising herb The goal of this review is to investigate the medicinal properties of Poison Nut (Strychnos nux-vomica L.). A full computerized literature search was conducted to find clinical research publications. To gather the necessary information, several works of literature were also read. For this review, a total of 45 research articles were examined, with 40 of them being included. This review also includes 12 textbooks written by different authors. The articles were chosen using inclusion criteria. This comprehensive review explains the use of poison nut in various medical systems such as homoeopathy, ayurveda, Unani, and siddha. More research is also needed to fully understand the potential benefits of poison nut and its safety profile.

Shruti1 and Vaishali V. Dolas*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Sep-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1428–1433

Ganesh Narayan Meena*1, Yashmin Akhtar2, Jyoti Kumari Meena3, Kusum Kurdiya4 and Manju Sharma5

1 Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Sector-3, Dwarka, New Delhi - 110 078, India 2 Department of Botany, Kanoria P. G. Mahila Mahavidhyalaya, Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan, India 3 Department of Biotechnology, University of Kota, MBS Marg, Kota - 324 005, Rajasthan, India 4-5 Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Present experiment was conducted at University of Rajasthan, Jaipur to study the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer on morphological parameters viz. germination percentage, total number of branches, total number of number of flowers, number of pegs, number of pods, number of seeds, average seed weight, 100 seed weight, number of leaves, plant height, length of petiole, inter-modal length, petiole length, leaflet length, leaflet width and leaf area etc., of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L). There were five treatments named as T1- Control, T2- DAP, T3- Cowdung, T4-Vermicompost and T5- biofertilizer. Results revealed that germination percentage, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, number of flowers, number of pegs, number of pods, number of seeds, number of leaves, plant height, leaflet length, leaflet width and leaf area were recorded maximum with vermicompost treated plant (T4) followed by biofertilizer treated plant (T5) and least was observed with control (T1). Number of branches, inter-nodal length, petiole length and seedling shoot length was recorded higher with vermicompost treated plant (T4) followed by DAP treated plant (T2) least was recorded with control (T1). Root length, seedling root length, average seed weight and 100 seed weight were reported higher with biofertilizer treated plant (T5) followed by vermicompost treated plant (T4) least was observed with control (T ). Individual application of vermicompost and biofertilizer significantly influenced the growth, morphological and yield attributes.

Ganesh Narayan Meena*1, Yashmin Akhtar2, Jyoti Kumari Meena3, Kusum Kurdiya4 and Manju Sharma5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1434–1440

S. Sugapriya1 and B. Prakash*2

1-2 Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai - 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the change in physicochemical characteristics and sensory properties in direct addition of the Zingiber officinale and Citrus limon on raw and pasteurized juice. The incorporation of Zingiber officinale and Citrus limon separately on raw cane juices resulted in modulation of total phenolic compound, total flavonoids and total tanins compounds. Pasteurized sugar cane juices supplemented with Zingiber officinale and Citrus limon showed no significant impact on the physicochemical properties of sugar cane juices. The pH of the raw and pasteurized sugar cane juices were significantly reduced when added with Citrus limon. However, the same does not show significant change when added with Zingiber officinale. The bacterial count was significantly less in the pasteurized juices added with Zingiber officinale and Citrus limon compared to the raw cane juices. Sensory evaluation of Zingiber officinale and Citrus limon enriched raw sugar cane juices were well received compared with the pasteurized juices enriched with the same.

S. Sugapriya1 and B. Prakash*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1441–1450

Banalata Saikia*1 and Manuj Baruah2

1-2 Department of Economics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Agartala - 799 022, Tripura, India

Abstract

Agriculture is one of the major sectors in India, providing more than half of the total workforce. The present study examines the regional growth and tendency of convergence in agricultural sectors, considering area, production and yield of the foodgrains. Covering 30 years of data from 1990-91 to 2019-20, the study has used standard compound annual growth rate formula and sigma convergence analysis. It is observed that for all the six regions, the majority of states have significant growth rates. Like the growth of area-wise food and non-foodgrains, the growth of production of various crop types of foodgrains and non-foodgrains for the majority of states is high in case of rice than the other crops. Further, the convergence test shows a similar tendency of convergence or divergence for the variables of area, production and estimates of yield of foodgrains and non-foodgrains. The area of total or all the types of foodgrains and non-foodgrains have constant and a tendency of convergence over time, but in terms of production and yield of foodgrains have high fluctuation and non-foodgrains items have more tendency of divergence than the foodgrains items.

Banalata Saikia*1 and Manuj Baruah2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1451–1453

Nandita Bhakat*1 and Ishwari Prasad Gupta2

1-2 University Department of Botany, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi - 834 008, Jharkhand, India

Abstract

The phytochemical study of the plants reveals important information regarding the presence of a particular chemical compound and the quantity of the same present in the plant. Plans use their different parts like stems, roots, leaves, bark, fruits, seed etc. to deposit the primary as well as secondary metabolites. The primary metabolites are usually consumed in diets. The secondary metabolites are generally used for the treatment of various ailments. The alkaloids present in the plants are used for the treatment of diabetes, gastrointestinal problems, skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammations etc. as documented through ethnomedicinal studies in the districts of Paschim and Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India. In the present study, quantitative analysis of the three liana (woody vines) species namely Tinospora cordifolia (stem), Coccinia grandis (root) and Gymnema sylvestre (leaf) were done. These lianas were collected from three different localities. These three lianas were used in majority by the tribal and local people for the treatment of diabetes related issues. The results interpreted that the pant tissues of Tinospora cordifolia (stem) collected from the arid region of Digha, Purba Medinipur contain the highest level of alkaloid supporting the fact of higher production of secondary metabolites in response to stress condition. The alkaloid content was followed by Gymnema sylvestre (leaf) and Coccinia grandis (root). Another important interpretation was made that the alkaloid content of the plant species are at its highest peak in the rainy season irrespective of the species and the area of collection.

Nandita Bhakat*1 and Ishwari Prasad Gupta2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 02-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1454–1460

Merentula1, R. Zuyie*2, V. K. Vidyarthi3, M. Catherine Rutsa4 and Rajan Singh5

1,5 School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Nagaland University, Medziphema, Campus - 797 106, Nagaland, India 2-4 Department of Livestock Production and Management, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus - 797 106, Nagaland, India

Abstract

The present study, entitled "Effect of different types of litter material on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chicken," was conducted with 120-day-old, straight-run broiler chicks (Cobb-400), which were assigned to four types of litter material, namely; paddy husk (T1), sawdust (T2), wood shavings (T3) and chopped paddy straw (T4) and reared under standard management practices. After the completion of 21 days, each group was replicated five times in a Completely Randomized Design. Statistical analysis revealed a significant effect of litter types on final body weight and feed conversion efficiency. Body weight was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in groups T2, T3 and T4 as compared to T1 reared on chopped paddy straw. The best FCE was observed in groups reared on sawdust and wood shavings. Weight gain and feed intake were unaffected by different types of litter. Numerically, the highest live ability (100%) and best performance index, higher carcass yield, and dressing percentage were observed in birds reared on wood shavings. The interaction of litter type and days had a significant effect on pH, moisture per cent and bulk density over time. The least cost of production, higher net profit, and benefit-cost ratio were observed in group T3. Hence, it was concluded that birds reared on wood shavings (T3) performed better in terms of body weight, feed efficiency, live ability, performance index, carcass traits, net profit, and benefit-cost ratio as compared to those reared on other litter materials. Based on the above findings, wood shavings may be considered a viable unconventional litter material for optimum broiler production.

Merentula1, R. Zuyie*2, V. K. Vidyarthi3, M. Catherine Rutsa4 and Rajan Singh5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1461–1465

Siddhesh Mangaonkar*1 and Willy Shah2

1 Department of Chemistry, Sonopant Dandekar Shikshan Mandali (SDSM) College, College Road, Tembhode, Palghar - 401 404, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Chemistry, Annasaheb Vartak College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Vasai - 401 202, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The present study, entitled "Effect of different types of litter material on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chicken," was conducted with 120-day-old, straight-run broiler chicks (Cobb-400), which were assigned to four types of litter material, namely; paddy husk (T1), sawdust (T2), wood shavings (T3) and chopped paddy straw (T4) and reared under standard management practices. After the completion of 21 days, each group was replicated five times in a Completely Randomized Design. Statistical analysis revealed a significant effect of litter types on final body weight and feed conversion efficiency. Body weight was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in groups T2, T3 and T4 as compared to T1 reared on chopped paddy straw. The best FCE was observed in groups reared on sawdust and wood shavings. Weight gain and feed intake were unaffected by different types of litter. Numerically, the highest live ability (100%) and best performance index, higher carcass yield, and dressing percentage were observed in birds reared on wood shavings. The interaction of litter type and days had a significant effect on pH, moisture per cent and bulk density over time. The least cost of production, higher net profit, and benefit-cost ratio were observed in group T3. Hence, it was concluded that birds reared on wood shavings (T3) performed better in terms of body weight, feed efficiency, live ability, performance index, carcass traits, net profit, and benefit-cost ratio as compared to those reared on other litter materials. Based on the above findings, wood shavings may be considered a viable unconventional litter material for optimum broiler production.

Siddhesh Mangaonkar*1 and Willy Shah2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 03-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1466–1468

Nandita Bhakat*1 and Ishwari Prasad Gupta2

1-2 University Department of Botany, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi - 834 008, Jharkhand, India

Abstract

High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) was used for the estimation of berberine chloride. Berberine is an is quinoline alkaloid. It is found in the liana Tinospora cordifolia, belonging to the family Menispermaceae. It is commonly known as Giloy, Amrita, Gulancha etc. The sample specimens of the same liana species (Tinospora cordifolia) were collected from three different localities namely Purba Medinipur, Paschim Medinipur and Ranchi. The stems of the plants were turned in to fine powder through grinding and sieving, and was extracted using methanol, which was used for the analysis of the concentration of berberine chloride. Different concentration gradients of the standard chemical were prepared to obtain the calibration curve and the linear regression equation. The concentration level of the alkaloid berberine was found highest in the plant belonging to the stressed region compared to the other two plant samples belonging to the non-stressed regions. The quality and quantity of the desired products from plant sources, which should be the focus in agriculture, have become increasingly important in the modern world due to the rapidly declining amount of agricultural land and rising human population. The current method of our study could help in developing a harvest strategy or taking corrective measures to obtain higher potential bioactive chemicals, especially by cultivating them in a particular climatic condition, which would also help in decision-making in field management and cultivation strategies. Berberine is used in the pharmaceutical industries to treat diabetes, high blood pressure, skin, etc.

Nandita Bhakat*1 and Ishwari Prasad Gupta2 Click here to download file

Short communication | Published online : 04-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1469–1475

Subramanian Arivoli1 and Samuel Tennyson*2

1 Department of Zoology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore - 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Chennai - 600 059, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Red pumpkin beetle has been a limiting factor as a destructive polyphagous pest of cucurbit vegetables, and the extent of damage caused by this pest is severe. Phytochemical antifeedants are alternates to chemical pesticides to control agricultural pests, and has emphasized their potential as ecologically safe pesticides. In the present study, phytocompounds, viz., momordicine, nicotine, piperine, plumbagin and Rhein along with azadirachtin (standard reference) were tested for their antifeedant potential against the adults of Aulacophora foveicollis by leaf disc no choice bioassay for 24 hours at varied concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50ppm). Leaf discs treated with the phytocompounds showed high antifeedancy. Total feeding inhibition was recorded at the maximum concentration by azadirachtin, and a feeding deterrence of 74.1% to 93.6% was observed between 10 and 40ppm. Momordicine exhibited more than 50% feeding deterrence from 30ppm, and displayed a maximum of 92.1% feeding deterrence at 50ppm. The same trend was displayed by nicotine, piperine, plumbagin and Rhein with a maximum feeding deterrence of 93%, 86.4%, 89.2% and 94.3%, respectively at the highest concentration. The rate of feeding by the adult beetles was highly reduced by the phytocompounds as they exhibited more than 85% feeding inhibition. This study indicated that the tested phytocompounds inhibited the feeding of Aulacophora foveicollis by making the food unpalatable resulting in feeding deterrence.

Subramanian Arivoli1 and Samuel Tennyson*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 04-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1476–1479

Riya Pal*1, Subhendu Sekhar Bhattacharyya2 and Chand Kumar Santra3

1 Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, Department of Botany, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan - 713 104, West Bengal, India 2 Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag Campus, Burdwan - 713 104, West Bengal, India 3 Rice Research Station, Government of West Bengal, Chinsurah - 712 102, Hoogly, West Bengal, India

Abstract

This scientific study aimed to investigate the impact of various treatments, including some heavy metal compounds, applied as foliar spray on CMS (A-line) rice plants, which exhibited inadequate panicle exsertion. The objective was to explore cost-effective alternatives to the commonly used GA3 spray. Ten different treatments were evaluated, and penicillin emerged as the most promising option for enhancing panicle emergence at a reduced cost compared to GA3.Additionally, we assessed the efficacy of heavy metal compounds in promoting panicle emergence in hybrid rice seed production. Among these compounds, nickel chloride and potassium dichromate demonstrated favourable results. To gain more insights into the impact of the heavy metal compounds, we quantified the amounts of specific heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb) present in the F1 seeds. The measurements were conducted using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), a reliable analytical technique used to determine the concentrations of various elements in a sample. These findings highlight the potential of penicillin and certain heavy metal compounds as effective alternatives to conventional methods for enhancing panicle emergence in CMS (A-line) rice plants, with potential implications for cost-efficient agricultural practices and hybrid rice seed production.

Riya Pal*1, Subhendu Sekhar Bhattacharyya2 and Chand Kumar Santra3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1480–1484

Sekhar Tiwari*1-2 and Veena Pande3

1 ICAR - Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora - 263 601, Uttarakhand, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, P. P. Savani University, Surat - 394 125, Gujarat, India 3 Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

Callus induction and whole plant regeneration was assessed with plumule as explant derived from three genotypes VQL1, VQL2 and CM145 on MS and N6 based media. Among the 3 genotypes, the highest mean percentage of primary callus induction was recorded for CM 145 to be 97.74 ± 0.28 and 81.85 ± 0.37 on MS and N6 based media respectively. Similarly, the highest mean percentage of embryogenic callus induction was recorded for CM 145 to be 10.75 ± 0. 22 and 7.74 ± 0.20 on MS and N6 based media respectively. The highest mean whole plant regeneration for CM 145 was recorded to be 0.2 ± 0 on MS basal media among the nine different regeneration media tested. Since, the regeneration frequency was very low and sporadic, callus induction and robust whole plant regeneration was standardized with alternative explant.

Sekhar Tiwari*1-2 and Veena Pande3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 05-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1485–1491

J. Sarala Jhansi Rani*1 and T. Ramadevi2

1 Department of Commerce, Kakatiya Government College, Hanamkonda - 506 001, Telangana, India 2 Department of Commerce and Business Management, Sri Durgamalleswara Siddhartha College for Women, Vijayawada - 520 010, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present study attempts to identify and compare the influence of demographic variables on cotton marketing problems farmers face in three districts of Telangana state, India. The study is based on primary and secondary data collected from three districts. The primary data pertinent to the agricultural years 2021-22 is collected from the cotton-growing farmers chosen from selected manuals of three districts. Secondary data was collected from the Telangana State Agricultural Marketing Board, CCI, and Telangana State Agricultural Department. Data is processed using descriptive analytical tools and techniques. It is concluded that most of the respondents are literate (81.8%), whereas 18.2% are illiterate. Farmers from the Warangal district are mostly literate, followed by Adilabad and Mahabubnagar districts. Cotton growers have completed their secondary schooling (31.6%), followed by primary education (26.9%) and intermediated (16.2%). Most of the respondents are aged between 36 - 45 years (36%) and 46-55 years (25.6%), and 42 (9.3 %) farmers are aged below 25 years, and 14% of the farmers fall above 55 years (14.4) still showing interest for cultivation of cash crops. Most respondents preferred commercial banks as an institutional source of finance ranked first, followed by regional rural banks and primary cooperative credit societies. Most respondents preferred village traders as the non-institutional source of finance, followed by money lenders, trading companies, commission agents, friends, and relatives.

J. Sarala Jhansi Rani*1 and T. Ramadevi2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1492–1496

P. Shajeesh Jan*1 and K. Ajith2

1 Regional Agricultural Research Station (Kerala Agricultural University), Ambalavayal - 673 593, Kerala, India 2 Regional Agricultural Research Station (Kerala Agricultural University), Kumarakom - 686 563, Kerala, India

Abstract

The study utilized dynamically downscaled climate projections from the Regional Climate Model (RCM), RegCM4.4, driven by two General Circulation Models (GCMs): HadGEM2-ES and GFDL-ESM2M. These projections covered the period from 1971 to 2100 and were employed to assess potential changes in future climate. To project plausible changes in future climate, the study considered two representative concentration pathways (RCPs), namely RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, as adopted by the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). The main focus was to evaluate the impacts of these future climate changes on rice yield in the Kuttanad region of Kerala, for two leading rice varieties: Uma and Jyothi using DSSAT crop simulation model. The study found that the relative difference (R.D%) in rice yield for the Uma variety, under the RCP 4.5 scenario, increased steadily from the near (6.2%) to the end century (9.7%) across all models. However, the R.D% of rice productivity declined under the RCP 8.5 scenario. For the Jyothi variety, the percent relative difference of rice yield exhibited a positive trend across all models and scenarios, except for a slight decline (-2.15%) in yield observed at the end of the century in the HadGEM2-ES model.

P. Shajeesh Jan*1 and K. Ajith2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 06-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1497–1504

Divya Parmar1, Meenakshi*2 and Bhupendra Pal3

1-2 Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan, India 3 Government Polytechnic College, Karauli - 322 255, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Soapstone is a magnesium-rich material that is frequently used to make carved sculptures and architectural features. Significant volumes of waste powder are produced during the processing of soapstone, most of which is currently land filled. Poor waste management has led to threats to human health and safety, a loss of aesthetic appeal, and land degradation. This waste contains specific micro and ultra micro plant nutrients but these nutrients are not easily accessible to plants when they are in waste powder form. In the current study, leftover soapstone powder was chemically transformed and its value-added fertilizer was prepared by combining vermicompost with converted soapstone waste. XRF study was performed on soapstone waste, soil, soil with vermicompost and soil with value added fertilizer and it was found that nutrient value increases for soil with value added fertilizer. To evaluate the efficiency of this value-added fertilizer on the growth and yield of tomato plants, three distinct types of experiments: control (simple soil), control + compost (soil + vermicompost), and varying percentages [Y, 2Y, 3Y, 4Y, and 5Y (Y = 3%)] of value-added soapstone fertilizer with soil were carried out. It was found that out of all the treatments 5Ydemonstrated the highest plant growth, crop yield, and biomass.

Divya Parmar1, Meenakshi*2 and Bhupendra Pal3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1505–1509

Kavita Patil1 and K. N. Borse*2

1-2 P. G. Department of Botany, SSVPS’s L. K. Dr. P. R. Ghogrey Science College, Deopur, Dhule - 424 005, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from six sugarcane fields of Sakri and Shindkheda tahasils of Dhule district, in three different seasons summer, rainy and winter. Rhizosphere soil fungi were isolated by two methods, Soil dilution method and soil plate method on potato dextrose agar and Czapeks Dox Agar. Soil chemical properties including soil pH, Soil temperature, Soil moisture, Soil alkalinity, Available N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S were also analyzed. Highest number of fungal species were recorded in field no.1 Rainy season of Sakri tahasil, Minimum were recorded in fields 3 (Winter season) of Sakri tahasil and lowest were recorded in fields 6 (Summer season) of Shindkheda tahasil. The rhizosphere fungal population of each field was correlated with physicochemical properties of soil of each field. The most dominated species in all fields were Alternaria, Aspergillus and Rhizopus. Penicillium is predominant in winter, while Aspergillus more frequently in summer season acidic pH, optimum moisture content, soil silt and clay texture are most favourable parameters for growth of fungi.

Kavita Patil1 and K. N. Borse*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 07-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1510–1517

Mitali Manna1, Nabendu Pal2, Anindya Bhattacharyya3, Sourish Das2, Proloy Singha Roy2 and Tanaya Das*1

1-2 Department of Biochemistry, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24-Parganas, Kolkata - 700 126, West Bengal, India 3 Department of Biochemistry, Gurudas College, Narkeldanga, Kolkata - 700 054, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The management of waste is one of the biggest problems in India. Recycling waste should now be an integral part of waste management because it causes less pollution. Fruit peel, which is an agricultural solid waste, has been obtained from the fruit processing industry, fruit juice shops, households, etc. In this study, we used Mosambi, or sweet lime peel, as the growth medium for fungi. So, airborne fungi from Serampore, a suburban area near Kolkata, West Bengal, India, were studied during the winter and summer seasons on Mosambi peel-derived media, fruit peel agar (FPA) and fruit peel filtrate agar (FPFA) to explore the variation of fungal spores. We found that Cladosporium sp. was the dominant fungus during the winter and Curvularia was prevalent in the summer. The growth of other fungi, such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., and Geotrichum sp. was also noticed on these media. The microscopic view and macroscopic characteristics of fungi were also studied. Recycling Mosambi peel into fungal media generates the cheapest media used for fungal growth in comparison to commercially available media. Hence, fungal media derived from Mosambi peel not only causes solid waste management but also provides an easily available and cheapest resource for alternative media used for cultivation of fungi. In addition, the aeromycoflora of Serampore, West Bengal, was studied for the first time in this study.

Mitali Manna1, Nabendu Pal2, Anindya Bhattacharyya3, Sourish Das2, Proloy Singha Roy2 and Tanaya Das*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1518–1521

A. M. Shinde*1, S. A. Saraf2 and J. B. Aghade3

1-3 Department of Zoology, Government College of Arts and Science, Aurangabad - 431 004, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The research was conducted in Khultabad taluka of Aurangabad district between November 2021 and October 2022. The study consisted of regular visits conducted from 07:00 to 17:00 every month, focusing on the observation of agricultural flowering plants and the bees that visit them. The objective was to determine which plants are beneficial for honeybees. The study identified a total of 39 agricultural plants that serve as bee flora, providing benefits to honeybees. These plants were further categorized based on the type of resources they offer to bees, namely nectar, pollen, or both nectar and pollen. Among the identified plants, 17 were found to yield both nectar and pollen, 11 were nectar-yielding only, and 11 were pollen-yielding only. Based on the findings, it was determined that the months of December to mid-March and August to September are the honey flow periods when a significant amount of nectar and pollen resources are available for honeybees. On the other hand, the period from mid-April to June was found to be critical in terms of food availability for honeybees throughout the year. By considering the food availability and flowering periods of the bee forage plants, the study sites were evaluated for their potential as bee foraging areas.

A. M. Shinde*1, S. A. Saraf2 and J. B. Aghade3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1522–1524

D. Gokilappriya1, S. Anuja2 and T. Sabesan*3

1 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

A set of seven parents viz., G1 (Arka Anamika), G2 (Aruna), G3 (Varsha Uphar), G4 (Pusa-5), G5 (MDU-1), G6 (Kashi Kranti), G7 (Ankur-41) with their 21 F1 hybrids obtained through half-diallel mating design without reciprocals were investigated to estimate the magnitude of heterosis for flowering and yield attributing characters. In the population, observations were recorded for various characters viz., days to first flowering, days to first fruit harvest, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and number of immature seeds per fruit. Desirable heterosis for days to first flowering was observed in the cross G4 x G5 (-22.28 per cent). The crosses G2 x G3 and G2 x G7 showed the maximum desirable heterosis for days to first fruit harvest (-19.01 per cent). The fruit length was recorded maximum in the cross G3 x G7 (21.45 per cent). For the traits like fruit girth, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant the maximum of 15.07 per cent, 71.37 per cent and 153.02 per cent of standard heterosis was resulted in the cross G3 x G5 respectively. The cross G5 x G7 resulted in -16.15 per cent of desirable heterosis for number of immature seeds per fruit. Thus, the following hybrids G2 x G4, G2 x G6, G3 x G5, G3 x G7 and G5 x G7 were recorded for desirable standard heterosis for the maximum characters including fruit yield per plant.

D. Gokilappriya1, S. Anuja2 and T. Sabesan*3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 09-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1525–1535

Aboli A. Shendarkar1 and Komal S. Gomare*2

1-4 Department of Biotechnology, Dayanand Science College, Latur - 413 531, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Fenugreek, bitter gourd, chilli, lady’s finger, brinjal, tomato from germination to growth and cultivation of vegetables were noted. In the present study, by optimizing composition of vermicomposting with the addition of other components like soil, sand, vermicompost, cocopeat, soil: sand, soil: cocopeat, cocopeat: vermicompost, sand: vermicompost, soil: vermicompost: cocopeat, soil: sand: vermicompost: cocopeat and experimental treatments were conducted from 2021 to 2022 to elucidate the effect of vermicompost along with different components and without addition only soil as control. The figure 5 GC-MS analysis for fenugreek control and figure 6 for optimized compost. Dimethyl phthalate, 1, 2-Benzedicarboxylic acid and ethyl methyl ester, dimethyl phthalate, cholest-3, 5- diene and 2, 2- dimethoxybutane, dodecane, dimethyl phthalate, 1, 2-benzedicarboxylic acid and ethyl methyl ester, diethyl phthalate are phytocompounds of fenugreek. The positive effect by addition of optimized compost is most suitable for all vegetables except bitter gourd and brinjal. The Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid and Arginine this compound found in chilli sample. Different vegetables have different analysis but vitamin content from optimized composition and have high vitamin content. Thus, the result of optimized composition was suggested for cultivation of vegetables at home gardens to maintain healthy life.

Aboli A. Shendarkar1 and Komal S. Gomare*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1536–1540

Uzma Parveen*1, Mumayyza Khan2, Mo Shadab3, Quratul-Ain4 and M. B. Siddiqui5

1-5 Department of Botany, Faculty of Life sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202 001, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Following experiment conducted by giving treatment of Amaranthus viridis L. Leaf Aqueous Extract (LAE) treatment of various concentrations i.e., 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% to the root tip of Allium cepa L. for 4 days to examine mitotic anomalies in it and mitotic index (MI) and deviations from normal chromosomal stages towards abnormal stages. After 4 days, mitotic index of root tip cells of Allium was assessed by means of electronic microscope. Microscopy revealed that mitotic stages deviated from normal mitoticity to abnormality after phytotoxic treatment of Amaranthus. This proves that Amaranthus possesses allelochemicals which are responsible for manifesting abnormal mitotic activity of Allium cepa. Also, the suppressing potentiality of this weed could be used to used prepare natural weedicide which could be beneficial in sustainable agriculture.

Uzma Parveen*1, Mumayyza Khan2, Mo Shadab3, Quratul-Ain4 and M. B. Siddiqui5 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 10-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1541–1546

Rupa Verma*1, Sujeet Narayan Singh1, Baby Priya2, Sunil Kumar Jha3 and Ladly Rani4

1-3 M. Sc. Biotechnology under the Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi - 834 008, Jharkhand, India 4 University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi - 834 008, Jharkhand, India

Abstract

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major foodborne pathogen causing severe health problems including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). It is found in fecal, contaminated food and produces Shiga toxins which usually cause hemorrhagic colitis in humans and finally lead to kidney failure. Keeping in view to remove the problems Mixture of the two plant extract syrup formulations was used to check antimicrobial efficacy. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals were analyzed from selected two plant leaf extracts of Acacia catechu and Lagerstroemia speciosa. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was used to observe the presence of tannins, flavonoids, phenolics, glycosidase, anthraquinone, and alkaloids as bioactive compounds. The Herbal syrup was prepared by mixing methanolic leaf extracts of the two plants at the concentration of 0.1g/ml which showed antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion method. The experiments showed positive results in-vitro. In the future, the formulated syrup could be tested on an in-vivo mouse model for oral testing.

Rupa Verma*1, Sujeet Narayan Singh1, Baby Priya2, Sunil Kumar Jha3 and Ladly Rani4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1547–1550

Yasir Ayoub*1, Mohd. Sarwar Rahman2 and Rayees Afzal Mir3

1-3 School of Business and Commerce, Glocal University, Saharanpur - 247 121, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present study entitled “Consumer awareness: Case of ready-to-eat food products in Kashmir valley” was conducted during the year 2021. The present study was a descriptive type of research in nature and was based on both primary and secondary data. The area of study was district Srinagar of Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory of India. The total numbers of 300 people were selected for the study as sample and the investigation incorporated convenient sampling technique. The study found that the majority of the out of 300 respondents all of 300 respondents i.e. (100 per cent) were familiar with the “Ready-to-Eat” food products. Furthermore, the study revealed that, 123 respondents i.e. (41.00 per cent) said that they get information about “Ready-to-Eat” food products from family. As far as advertisements are concerned the highest numbers of respondents which includes 141 respondents i.e. (47.00 per cent) said that internet is the mode of advertisement increasing their awareness towards “Ready-to-Eat” food products. Study also concluded that, 187 respondents i.e. (62.33 per cent) said that Advertisements through TV, Internet, Radio and hoardings keep them up to date regarding the segment.

Yasir Ayoub*1, Mohd. Sarwar Rahman2 and Rayees Afzal Mir3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 11-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1551–1554

Pawar Pratiksha1 and Bolbhat Sadashiv*2

1-2 Research Center in Botany, Annasaheb Awate Arts, Commerce and Hutatma Babu Genu Science College, Manchar, Tal. Ambegaon, District Pune - 410 503, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Seeds of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. Phule Bhivra was treated with various doses / concentrations of mutagens such as gamma rays (200, 300Gy, 400Gy), ethyl methyl sulphonate (0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%), as well as their combination (200Gy + 0.3%, 300Gy + 0.3%, 400Gy + 0.3%). Quantitative characteristics and seed germination percentage in the M1 generation were also measured. Higher dosages of gamma rays, EMS and their combination of the two have been shown to significantly reduce seed germination percentage and seedling height. As a result of almost all mutagenesis treatments, the M1 generation had a decrease in plant height, number of branches / plant, days to first flowering, days for the maturity of the first capitula, 100 seed weight, number of seeds/capitula, and number of seeds/plant (expect some for a few).

Pawar Pratiksha1 and Bolbhat Sadashiv*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1555–1557

Kumaresan M.*1, M. Rajaselvam2 and K. Nadhiya Devi3

1 Department of Horticulture, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai - 600 117, Tamil Nadu, India 2-3 Department of Horticulture, Adhiparasakthi Horticultural College, G. B. Nagar, Kalavai Ranipet - 632 506, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

An experiment for confirming effect of pruning and paclobutrazol application on Jasminum sambac was performed under off season condition during the month of September to February at Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block design with three replications. Pruning along with application of paclobutrazol at 100, 200 and 300 ppm were applied as soil drenching, 25, 50 and 75 ppm were applied as foliar spraying and 25 + 10, 50 + 15, 75 + 20 ppm were applied as soil drenching + foliar spraying and control (pruning + without paclobutrazol application). The experiment reveled that pruning and paclobutrazol as soil drenching was effective plant growth retardant by reducing plant height (82.77 cm), plant spread (E-W 95.66 cm, N-S 84.64 cm), intermodal length (3.78 cm) and leaf area (18.87 cm2) and increases the flowering characters viz., number of cymes plant-1 (124.44), number of flower buds plant-1 (706.6) and estimated yield acre-1 (380.95 kg). At higher concentration of paclobutrazol by soil drench method, the vegetative growth was plummeting and as a consequence increased yield was obtained. Thus, paclobutrazol has a strong tendency to increase flower buds production by altering the above mentioned parameters significantly.

Kumaresan M.*1, M. Rajaselvam2 and K. Nadhiya Devi3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 12-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1558–1562

K. Kavitha1-2 and J. Dhanalakshmi*1

1 PG and Research Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan College of Arts and College, Ellispettai, Erode - 638116, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Department of Biochemistry, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women Autonomous, Tiruchengode Namakkal - 637205 Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The process of ageing is the significant feature in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is one of the most prevalent, claiming the affected individual’s personality and sociality beyond the health wise wellbeing. Formations of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are the cardinal features which are formed due to environmental and genetic factors. Aluminium (Al) in drinking water has been proposed to be one of the top most environmental factors. In the present study, we examined the effects of aluminum maltolate (Almal) in SK-N-SH cells to elucidate the effect of Al accumulation in the cells leads to Al toxicity and mimic the pathology of AD, Since Al(mal)3 is an electroneutral water-soluble complex that is stable at neutral pH. Determination of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) to study the integrity of mitochondria and Dual staining (Acridine orange, Ethidium Bromide) for investigating the apoptosis were carried out in the experimental groups of SK-N-SH cells. The study results show that garcinol is promising in suppressing the Al(mal)3 induced AD alike pathological events like ROS formation, mitochondrial membrane damage and apoptosis and there by promotes the neuronal cell survival.

K. Kavitha1-2 and J. Dhanalakshmi*1 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1563–1569

Vidhya A*1 and R. Kalaivani2

1-2 Department of Biotechnology, Bon Secours College for Women (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Thanjavur - 613 006, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Cadmium levels have increased recently as a result of the rapid development of the industrial sector. Cadmium exposes people to long-term health risks and a series of medical issues. Phytoextraction is the most successful method of phytoremediation among the various approaches since it removes heavy metals effectively and completely from the contaminated site. For sequestering carbon and perhaps influencing the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals, some bamboo species have been identified as the most promising species. Through experiments, the ability of Bambusa bambos to phytoextract Cadmium from tannery effluent contaminated has been proven. In modern field of science, nanotechnology is one of the most active fields of research. Nanoparticles have interesting properties due to their small size and suitable for providing a matrix for any chemical reaction, such as pollution clean-up. Today, the synthesis of these nanoparticles is done by green synthesis using plant extract in many industries and scientific research. Green synthesis plays a significant role in the synthesis of nanoparticles as the cost of production is low and less time consuming as compared to chemical methods. The potential of silver nanoparticles made from Bambusa bambos was evaluated for removal of heavy metals from tannery effluent. The silver nanoparticles ssynthesized from Bambusa bambos (0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg) were applied to treat tannery effluent at different concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 100%) for different periods (15, 30, and 45 days). The results suggested that the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Bambusa bambos will be a useful and ecofriendly biotechnological tool for treating tannery effluents, before getting discharged into water bodies, thus making the soil environment clean and preventing the human population from the ill effects of heavy metals like Cadmium that enter through food chain.

Vidhya A*1 and R. Kalaivani2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 13-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1570–1575

Abirami Govintharajan*1, Gomathi Selvam2, Ambikapathy Varatharaju3 and Panneerselvam Annamalai4

1-4 P. G. and Research Department of Botany, A. V. V. M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy), Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur (District), Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Mushroom cultivation is one of the most profitable business and environment friendly enterprises, with the various horticultural crops in India. In the current investigation focused on the cultivation of edible mushroom with two different agricultural waste substrates were performed. The two types of raw materials such as paddy straw and sugar cane trash were used for cultivation of Pleurotus florida and Hypsizygus ulmarius. Growth and yield parameters of P. florida was initiated from I, II and III harvested stages were observed. The first harvest mushroom in both was excellent growth and weight when compared with the other two harvests. The total yield of edible mushrooms in paddy straw was maximum production than that of sugarcane trash respectively whereas H. ulmarius mushroom was moderate growth yield were performed. The biological efficiency of H. ulmarius grow with paddy straw was maximum yield found to be recorded than sugarcane trash substrate respectively. However, the paddy straw substrate was excellent for cultivation of mushroom when compared with sugarcane trash substrates. Maximum fruit bodies were harvested when P. florida were cultivated in paddy straw substrates Qualitative insights of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, amino acids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, phlobatannins, quinones, saponin, steroids, tannin and terpenoids were screened from P. florida and H. ulmarius with four different solvents were used for extraction. Among the four solvents extracts of the diethyl ether using P. florida showed maximum bioactive compounds like alkaloids, amino acids, coumarines, glycoside, phenols, phlobatannins, quinones, saponin, steroids, tannin and terpenoids recorded respectively. These bioactive compounds are responsible for many biological properties in our day today life. Hence, these bioactive compounds are responsible for many nutraceutical properties are described in mushrooms for prevention of various diseases including hypertension for the human era.

Abirami Govintharajan*1, Gomathi Selvam2, Ambikapathy Varatharaju3 and Panneerselvam Annamalai4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1576–1580

S. B. Fasale*1, S. S. Khot2 and M. B. Waghmare3

1, 3 Department of Botany, The New College, Kolhapur - 416 012, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Botany, Yashwantrao Chavan Warana Mahavidyalaya, Warananagar, Kolhapur - 416 113 Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The current investigation deals with the study of secondary bioactive compounds found in the stems of Anisomeles indica (R. Br.). The methanolic extracts of stem were analyzed using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while fine powder was utilized for Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The GC-MS analysis of the sample revealed presence of 22 compounds. The prevailing compounds were desogestrel (100%), gamma-sitosterol (63.36%), 3-Hydroxypropyl palmitate, TMS derivative (52.21%), stigmasterol (33.71%), and benzene 1,4-dichloro (19.71), 3,5-dithiahexanol 5,5-dioxide (9.71%), Silane dimethoxydimethyl- (7.27%). The analysis indicated the presence of bioactive compounds viz. fatty acids, polyphenol, coumarins, terpenoids, saponin which shown a wide range of biological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, and anti-diabetic properties. FT-IR was carried out to determine the peak values associated with functional groups including, alkanes, alcohol, alkyl halide, carboxylic acids, hydroxy compounds, lipids, proteins and phenol. The finding of the study indicated that the methanolic extracts of A. indica contain phytochemicals with potential applications in the field of medicine and pharmaceutical.

S. B. Fasale*1, S. S. Khot2 and M. B. Waghmare3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 14-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1581–1586

Smitha N1 and Rajkumar H. Garampalli*2

1-2 Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The current work sought to characterize the morphological and molecular characters of the garlic bulb-rotting fungus Fusarium proliferatum as it is one the major disease in the garlic growing regions of Karnataka as the pathogen known to produce mycotoxin in affected garlic bulbs. This poses a substantial threat to the food safety of Allium sativum cultivars that are grown in various agro-climatic zones of Karnataka. Based on morphological and cultural studies, the causal organism of bulb rot disease on garlic is identified as Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear rDNA form the pathogen was amplified using the ITS-1 and ITS-4 primer to validate and supplement phenotypic and morphological identification. This finding serves as preliminary information about the garlic bulb rot disease in the surveyed region and can be a baseline for developing disease control plans for this economically significant pathogen.

Smitha N1 and Rajkumar H. Garampalli*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1587–1590

T. Srinivasan*1, R. V. Prabu2, C. Shanmugasundram3 and R. Nirmala4

1-4 Department of Microbiology, Centre for Research and Development, Hindustan College of Arts and Science, Padur, Kelambakkam - 603 103, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Bradyrhizobium and PPFM supply of Salicylic acid (SA) and inoculated against Sclerotium rolfsii in groundnut was investigated, including single strain inoculation, one strain with salicylic acid, co-inoculation, co-inoculation with salicylic acid, natural co-aggregates application, and natural co-aggregates. The EPS-rich natural co-aggregates of Bradyrhizobium and PPFM showed the greatest decrease. In groundnut plants, natural co-aggregates of Bradyrhizobium and PPFM isolates with salicylic acid enhanced the ISR against Sclerotium rolfsii.

T. Srinivasan*1, R. V. Prabu2, C. Shanmugasundram3 and R. Nirmala4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 16-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1591–1597

Mrunali B. Chavan1 and Deepa V. Ramane*2

1 Department of Electronic Science, MES’s Abasaheb Garware College, Pune - 411 004, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Electronic Science, Sinhgad College of Science, Ambegaon, Pune - 411 041, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

To increase crop yield along with the maintenance of adequate water levels and fertilizers, crops must be protected from feral animals, insects, fungi, or herbs. For this, the use of pesticides is very common. However, its selection, proportion, and usage interval are important. The extensive use of pesticides results in serious health problems for consumers as well as creates long-lasting adverse effects on the environment as well. There is an utmost need for the detection of pesticide residue on eatables. One has to ensure that the detected level of pesticides does not exceed the maximum residue levels (MRLs) fixed up by the government. The residues of pesticides are found either in primary or/and in derived agricultural products. Pesticides are classified according to application, function, chemical composition, toxicity (adverse short-term/long-term effects), and mode of entry. Mainly pesticides can be grouped as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, bio-pesticides, and rodenticides. Various techniques are developed to detect pesticide residues on eatables. Here an overview of different pesticides commonly used in agriculture is presented. The state-wise consumption of pesticides in India for the last six years is reviewed. The paper also reports the comparative study of the various methods used to detect the pesticide residing on eatables.

Mrunali B. Chavan1 and Deepa V. Ramane*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1598–1602

Urmi Mitra*1 and Sumit Homechaudhuri2

1 Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Bidhannagar College, Kolkata - 700 064, West Bengal, India 2 Aquatic Bio-Resource Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 87/1, College Street, Kolkata - 700 073 West Bengal

Abstract

Heavy metals such as chromium persist in aquatic environments as a result of their resistance to biodegradation. Labeo rohita is a rich source of nutrient as well as widely distributed commercially interesting species. In this study, a total number of 180 fishes were randomly chosen and evenly distributed in 6 aquarium containing different concentrations of chromium including one test aquarium with no chromium. The current experiment was performed with the objective to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of chromium to Labeo rohita and to investigate changes in their behavioral expressions and histopathological consequences in several vital organs. At the behavioral level, several abnormalities like hyperactivity, jerky movement, abnormal swimming behavior, loss of equilibrium and abnormal ventilatory function were found in fishes. At the histopathological level, several alterations in the gill tissues like degeneration of epithelium, curling of gill lamellae and hypertrophy, while in the liver there were necrosis, dilation of the vein, hepatocytes degeneration, pigmentation and hemorrhage. These findings are significant to monitor and potentially manage the consequences of heavy metal pollution in aquatic fauna.

Urmi Mitra*1 and Sumit Homechaudhuri2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 18-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1603–1607

Jyotsna Setty*1 and Vijai Pandurangam2

1-2 Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Arsenic (As), a ubiquitous metalloid and potential carcinogen. Arsenic sensitivity and toxicity to plants are influenced by not only the concentration and the toxicant types, but also by the life-stage or biological process (germination, seedling survival, vegetative growth). The morphological changes in germinating rice seedlings were investigated under arsenic stress. The objective of the study was to evaluate the germination performance and initial growth habits of rice genotype HUR-105 in response to the different As concentration in the growing solution. Therefore, the effects of As (0, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200 μM) on germination percentage, α-amylase activity, shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, leaf number, leaf area and their percentage reduction were determined. A noticeable decrease in germination percentage, shoot, and root elongation as well as plant biomass was observed with arsenic treatments, as compared to control. From the results obtained in the present study, it can be concluded that rice genotype HUR-105 is sensitive to As stress.

Jyotsna Setty*1 and Vijai Pandurangam2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1608–1614

Manal Ahmed*1-2 and Bakri Mohamed3

1 Central Laboratory, Seed Administration, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Khartoum, Sudan 2 Wuhan University of Technology Nanhu Campus East Gate International Student Apartment 430 070, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province 3 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khartoum University, Sudan

Abstract

In this article, an experimental analysis of Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) was conducted. This experiment was conducted at the Central Laboratory, Seed Administration-Ministry of Agriculture and Forests-Khartoum-Sudan. The case study and experimental procedure are carried out on the different effects of dormancy-breaking methods on seeds of Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris). In the experiment, three techniques were used for seed-breaking dormancy. The acid was added as an additive to increase the prevention and germination levels of seeds. These acids are sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with a concentration of 50, 70, and 90%, and Gibberellic acid with levels of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 ppm respectively suggested in the experiment. Moreover, the hot water (H.W) was considered at 60 °C for 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes at different intervals. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. These experiments are based on random samples to check and test the germination rate and other related parameters of the seeds and validate the quality of the seed. This thing improves the satisfaction of the customer as germination rate. Germination percentage and rate of germination were recorded for the seeds to study the effects of treatments. The results demonstrate that, in comparison to the control and other treatments, the Gibberellic acid treatment with a concentration of 300 ppm provided the highest germination percentage (71.86), germination rate (62.20), and mean germination percentage (43.24). Following that, the germination percentage was determined using sulfuric acid at a 90% concentration (63.52).

Manal Ahmed*1-2 and Bakri Mohamed3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 19-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1615–1618

Dharmendra Kumar Yadav1 and Pradeep Kumar*2

1 Department of Zoology, S. G. N. Government P. G. College, Muhammadabad Gohana, Mau - 276 403, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Department of Zoology, Government Degree College Sukrauli, Kushinagar - 274 207, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to evaluate in vitro anthelmintic larvicidal activities of the medicinal plant Pithecellobium dulce against Fasciola gigantica (sporocyst, redia, and cercaria) larvae. Zoonotic diseases are worldwide in cattle and human populations. It can be controlled by the break of the life cycle in the host snail Lymnaea acuminata. The exposure of leaf powder and, various extracts, of P. dulce, was observed for up to 8h at various concentrations against sporocyst, redia, and cercaria larvae. The anthelmintic larvicidal effect of various preparations was observed at 2, 4, 6, and 8h of the exposure. The exposure of dried leaf powder in vitro of the P. dulce was more effective against the redia (2h LC50 82.76mg/L and 8h LC50 75.88mg/L). The exposure of column extract of dried leave powder of P. dulce against sporocyst, redia, and cercaria in 2h LC50 was 52.09, 56.09, and 62.21 mg/L and 8h LC50 was 76.19, 64.71, and 72.25 mg/mL, respectively. The ethanolic extract and ethanolic column extract of the P. dulce leaves powder have better anthelmintic larvicidal activities than the other organic extract.

Dharmendra Kumar Yadav1 and Pradeep Kumar*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 20-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1619–1622

Raja Kansabanik1, Mithun Biswas2, Sandip More2 and Asim Mandal*2

1 Department of Botany, Murshidabad University, Berhampore, Murshidabad - 742 101, West Bengal, India 2 Department of Botany, Krishnath College, 1 No., Sahid Surya Sen Road, Gorabazar, Berhampore, Murshidabad - 742 101, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The main objective of the present study is to ascertain the presence of different phytochemicals in water, methanol, ethanol and acetone extracts of some selected species of pteridophytes by qualitative screening methods. The plant extracts are evaluated for the detection of certain phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates and proteins following standard methods. The result revealed the presence of several bioactive constituents which could be exploited for their potential applications for therapeutic purposes.

Raja Kansabanik1, Mithun Biswas2, Sandip More2 and Asim Mandal*2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 24-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1623–1626

K. Shireesha*1, E. Sanghavi2, I. Krishnateja3 and M. Sampath Kumar4

1-2 Department of Agricultural Extension, Agricultural College (Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University) Aswaraopet - 507 301, Telangana, India 3 Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural College (Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University) Aswaraopet - 507 301, Telangana, India 4 Department of Agricultural Extension, Agricultural College (Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University), Siricilla - 505 301, Telangana, India

Abstract

The personality of any individual represents not only overt acts but inward feelings produced by social situation. A well-known theory of personality is the Big Five, which describes five characteristics that together give an indication of one’s personality. These five characteristics are openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Several studies have investigated whether personality is related to study success and if so, which specific characteristics are important for better academic performances. It is expected that certain personality traits affect the way students approach their study, and hence influence their study results. A consistent predictor that is found in the majority of studies is conscientiousness. In the present study, the above mentioned five personality traits are measured on three-point continuum to assess the personality traits of the students. The traits are analyzed using frequency and percentages. The results revealed that, majority of boys’ students’ personality traits wavered between high to moderate levels, whereas they expressed low neuroticism facets. The girl students have high achievement striving, high imagination, moderate intellect when compared to the boy students relatively.

K. Shireesha*1, E. Sanghavi2, I. Krishnateja3 and M. Sampath Kumar4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 24-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1627–1632

Aparna Pareek*1, Shruti Shree Pareek2 and Shalini Maheshwari3

1-2 Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur- 302 004, Rajasthan, India 3 Career Point University, Kota - 325 003, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

The branch of botany known as ethno-botany focuses on plants that have been used medicinally for a wide variety of conditions since prehistoric times. The indigenous people of India make extensive use of their broad understanding of medicinal plants. Native people believe that some plants can be effective in warding off certain ailments and they employ those plants. Within the scope of this investigation, we carried out an assessment on medicinal plants in the south-eastern part of the state of Rajasthan. For the purpose of the research, members of numerous indigenous communities who make therapeutic use of those plants were interviewed. 30 plants were studied for their plant parts, treatment, mode of administration, and their popularity. Study concluded that the selected plants were very popular in the selected areas for their therapeutic uses in different purpose and mode.

Aparna Pareek*1, Shruti Shree Pareek2 and Shalini Maheshwari3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 25-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1633–1636

R. Pushpalatha1, C. Arul Suganthi2, N. Rexin Alphonse3 and P. Sri Renganathan*4

1-2, 4 PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Rani Anna Government College for Women (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli - 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India), Tirunelveli - 627 008, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Chemistry, Sarah Tucker College (Autonomous), Tirunelveli - 627 007, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Fluoride ion is toxic and harmful to living organisms. The present study investigated the impact of different fluoride ion concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, and 100 ppm) on some antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and APX) and biochemical contents (protein and carbohydrate) levels in paddy (Oryza sativa, var. Deluxe Ponni) for a period of 15 days. The obtained results were showed that the antioxidant enzyme activity increased and the biochemical contents decreased with the increase in fluoride ion concentration compared to the control.

R. Pushpalatha1, C. Arul Suganthi2, N. Rexin Alphonse3 and P. Sri Renganathan*4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 26-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1637–1641

Renuka Siddanna1, Sudarshan Ashok2, Jagadevi Shivaputrappa3 and Dayanand Agsar4

1 Department of Environmental Science, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi - 585 106, Karnataka, India 2, 4 A-DBT Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi - 585 106, Karnataka, India 3 Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Botany, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi - 585 106, Karnataka, India

Abstract

The present study investigates the effect of cement industries dust on nutrients and microbial population of agriculture soils of surrounding cement industries. Microbial population includes bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were studied from the agriculture fields surrounding three different cement industries such as Kalaburagi cement industries, Chettinad cement industries and Shree cement industries. Microorganisms were isolated and population was calculated from the surface and subsurface soils, both with and without crops (redgram and sorghum). pH 8.4 was recorded in CNS1, nutrients Ca and Mg were recorded highest in CNR2 and SRS1 is 38.8 and 23.0 respectively. Highest bacterial count 74x105 is recorded in control field and lowest bacterial count 14x105 is recorded in shree cement field of redgram field. Surface soil has highest microbial counts than subsurface soil of redgram and sorghum field. A significant higher count of microbial population was observed in the soils of control field. The variations in the microbial population and soil properties are discussed in detail.

Renuka Siddanna1, Sudarshan Ashok2, Jagadevi Shivaputrappa3 and Dayanand Agsar4 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 27-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1642–1646

Semmalar R*1 and Venkatalakshmi S2

1-2 Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous) (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nanu), Kumbakonam, Thanjavur - 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

In an aquatic environment rich in microorganisms, crustaceans have developed a mechanism for identifying and eradicating harmful microorganisms. The hemolymph, which is responsible for circulating nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and cells throughout the invertebrate body, may also possess a biological process similar to that of vertebrate antibodies. This process may activate the innate immune mechanisms of crustaceans, enabling them to combat and eliminate pathogens that may infect them. The current study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity of hemolymph extracted from the calanoid copepod, Sinodiaptomus sarsi, against clinically significant bacterial pathogens. The hemolymph of the studied organism, when cultured in cow urine distillate, exhibited enhanced antibacterial efficacy. These findings suggest that the hemolymph of Sinodiaptomus sarsi cultured with cow urine distillate may serve as an alternative to commercial antibiotics in the fight against infectious pathogens.

Semmalar R*1 and Venkatalakshmi S2 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 28-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Vol : 14 - Issue : 5 ; 1647–1652

J. Valli*1, K. Kanimozhi2 and V. Ambikapathy3

1-2 PG and Research Department of Microbiology, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India 3 Department of Botany, A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 24), Poondi - 613 503, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Endophytic fungi are those living inside the host plant without causing any apparent negative effect on host plants. The present study deals with diversity and screening of endophytic fungi from three different marine associated plants like Avicennia marina, Suaeda maritima, Salicornia brachiata. The maximum number of colonies was isolated from Avicennia marina, and Salicornia brachiata followed by Suaeda maritima. The eighteen fungi were identified such as Aspergillus conicus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. luchuensis, A. ochraceus, A. terreus, A. ustus, Alternaria geophylla, Alternaria tenuis, Choanephora cucurbitarum, Curvularia geniculata, Fusarium falcatum, Helminthosporium sativum, Neonectria ranularia, Nigrospora sphaerica, Penicillium janthenellum, Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizopus stolonifer by morphological characters were significantly resulted. The fungal strains were screened by amylase, cellulase, lipase, and protease production. Among them only fungal strain were maximum (A. niger) and minimum zone of inhibition (Choanephora cucurbitarum) were observed in protease production followed by amylase. Maximum produced cellulase (A. ochraceus) and minimum zone of inhibition (Rhizopus stolonifer) followed by lipase. Totally these (Aspergillus conicus, A.ochraceus) two fungi are present in all enzyme production. However, these endophytic fungi was excellent biological activities for future endeavor.

J. Valli*1, K. Kanimozhi2 and V. Ambikapathy3 Click here to download file

Research Article | Published online : 30-Oct-2023

Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences

An International Journal

P- ISSN: 0976-1675

E- ISSN: 2249-4538

© CARAS (Centre for Advanced Research in Agricultural Sciences)

Volume - 14 - September-October 2023

Effect of Water Stress Conditions on the Growth, Sugar Content, Chlorophyll Content and Biocrude Productivity of Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L) Poit.

Anshu Rani*1

1 Department of Botany, S.M.C.C. Government College, Aburoad - 307 026, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Assessment of Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Syzygium aromaticum and Vetiveria zizanioides

Rajendrabhai Daulatbhai Vasait*1

1 Department of Microbiology, Karmveer Abasaheb A. N. M. Sonawane Arts, Commerce and Science College, Satana - 423 301, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Impact of Plant Growth Regulator and Rooting Media on Shoot Characters of Cuttings of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

Patidar D.K.*1, Sharma R.2, Soni N.3 and Thakur R.4

1-2 Department of Horticulture, OPJS University, Churu - 331 303, Rajasthan, India 3 AICRP on Fruit Grape, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India 4 Horticulture, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chandan Nagar, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

In-vitro Insecticidal and Antibacterial Investigation of Newly Synthesized Substituted imidazo[2,1-c][124]triazole Derivatives from Imidacloprid for Pest Management

M. B. Deshmukh1, S. S. Chaouwan2 and Bhagawan Patil*3

1-3 Department of Agrochem and Pest Management, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur - 416 004, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Study of Heavy Metal Tolerance and Plant Growth Promoting Ability of Frankia Species Isolated from Root Nodules of Casuarina in Palghar, Maharashtra

Abhishek Shukla1, Shweta Patil2, Dona Joseph3, Riddhi Bharani4 and Malay Shah*5

1-3,5 Department of Microbiology, Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mumbai - 400 071, Maharashtra, India 4 Department of Mathematics, Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mumbai - 400 071, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Study of Plant Growth Regulator and Rooting Media on Growth and Survival Percent of Cuttings of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

Patidar D.K.*1, Sharma R.2, Soni N.3, Thakur R.4 and Haldar Ajay5

Abstract

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Plant Growth and Development: A Review

Aditi Kothari Chhajer*1, Shalini Sen2, Reema Kumar3, Nandini Sharma4, Vidhi Wadhavan5, Prishita Sharma6 and Taruna Saini7

Abstract

In vitro Multiple Shoot and Micro Tuber Production of Dioscorea oppositifolia L. and Green Silver Nano Synthesis of Phytocompound Diosgenin

Uma Maheswari Rajadurai*1, Nevetha Ravindran2 and Jenifer Packiaraj3

1-3 Department of Biotechnology, Cauvery College for Women, (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Role of Agricultural Infrastructure for Promoting Diversified Agriculture: A Study of Kathua District in Union Territory of J&K

Vasu Siotra*1 and Shashi Prabha2

1-2 Department of Geography, University of Jammu - 180 006, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Abstract

First Record of Genus Pseudoshirakia Achterberg, 1983 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Braconidae; Braconinae) from India with Description of Two New Species

Arshad Ali Haider1 and Md. Humayoon Akhtar*2

1 Department of Zoology, Maharashtra College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mumbai Central (E), Mumbai - 400 008, Maharashtra, India 2 Department of Zoology, Koshi College, Khagaria, Munger University, Munger - 851 205, Bihar, India

Abstract

Evaluation of the Anti-Cancer Potential of Aloe vera and Terminalia chebula Herbal Formulation against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles of the Herbal Formulation

P. G. Geegi*1, A. Benno Susai Vijayakumar1, T. Antony Diwakar Chandran1, Asha Monica A2, P. Elakkiya3 and T. Prabhash4

Abstract

Spatio-Temporal Pattern of Rainfall Pattern in the Handri River Basin using Remote Sensing and GIS

Y. Ravi Kumar*1, K. Rama Mohan2 and K. S. V. Krishna Rao3

1 Department of Chemistry, Rayalaseema University Kurnool - 5180 02, Andhra Pradesh, India 2 Hydro Geochemistry Group, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India 3 Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa - 516 005, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Effect of Lead Nitrate on Germination and Growth of Cicer arietinum Linn Seeds

Piyush Kumar Mishra*1 and Soneswar Sarma2

1 Department of Botany, Bhola Nath College, Dhubri - 783 324, Assam, India 2 Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati - 781 014, Assam, India

Abstract

Antifungal Activity of Some Synthesized 1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivatives

Ashwini Kumar*1, Shiv Shankar Sharma2, Balmukund Tiwari3 and Kumar Kaushik Azad4

1-4 P. G. Department of Chemistry, Magadh University of Bodh-Gaya - 824 234, Bihar, India

Abstract

Common Orchids of Darjeeling Hill with Traditional Medicine Importance

Animesh Mondal*1

1 Department of Botany, Banwarilal Bhalotia College, Asansol, Ushagram, Asansol - 713 303, Paschim Burdwan, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by some Microorganisms Isolated from Jewelry Shop Waste

Avinash A. Raut*1, Rajnandini R. Patil1, Arif A. Mulani3, Vishakha R. Patil2, Sampada S. Shinde1, Kirti A. Yadav1, Kishor A. Sutar1, Jaysing U. Patil1 and Gajanan V. Mali4

Abstract

Technical Efficiency and Cost Reduction in Pineapple Cultivation: A Study on the Pineapple Growers of North Bengal

Md Nasim Ansari*1 and Jamaluddeen2

1-2 Department of Commerce, University of North Bengal, Siliguri - 734 013, West Bengal, India

Abstract

In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Ocimum basilicum Against Different Mammalian Cell Lines

K. Santhi1, K. Durgadevi1 and V. Ramamurthy*3

1-3 P. G. & Research Department of Biochemistry, Maruthupandiyar College, Thanjavur - 613 403 (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli), Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Total Factor Productivity Growth in West Bengal Agriculture- A DEA Approach

Labanya Pal*1

1 Department of Economics, Suri Vidyasagar College, Suri, Birbhum - 731 101, West Bengal, India

Abstract

Medicinal Importance and Host Specificity of Some Parasitic Plants Growing in Darbhanga District of Bihar, India

Rajnigandha1 and Khwaja Salahuddin*2